CN110616691A

CN110616691A - Jet type ditch

Info

Publication number: CN110616691A
Application number: CN201910869652.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董志勇; 黄洲
Original assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Current assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Priority date: 2019-09-16
Filing date: 2019-09-16
Publication date: 2019-12-27

Abstract

A jet type ditch comprises a water guide channel for guiding water and a jet device for generating jet flow by water flow passing through the water guide channel, wherein the water guide channel is provided with a flow inlet and a flow outlet, and is sequentially divided into a flow inlet section, a working section and a flow outlet section along the water flow direction; the jet device consists of a plurality of jet plates which are parallel to each other, wherein one side edge of each jet plate is provided with a vertical seam type channel which is sunken towards the inner side, the bottom end of the channel extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, and the upper end of the channel extends to the upper edge of the jet plate; the jet flow plates are sequentially arranged on the working section of the water channel along the water flow direction in the water channel, so that the working section is divided into a plurality of areas; the channels on adjacent jet plates are arranged in the same direction or in different directions. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device has the advantages of simple structure, various forms, easy manufacture, convenient maintenance, economy, practicality and excellent hydraulic characteristics, and can generate turbulent fluctuation areas and vortex areas required by fish migration.

Description

Jet type ditch

Technical Field

The invention relates to a jet type ditch.

Background

The water conservancy and hydropower engineering as the infrastructure not only provides necessary renewable energy for the development of human society and economy. Meanwhile, the system has the functions of flood control, urban water supply, farmland irrigation, shipping and the like, so that the system is further developed. However, the influence of engineering on ecological environment is increasingly concerned by all the world in society, and becomes a restriction factor of engineering construction. The construction of hydraulic buildings such as gates and dams cuts off the migration passage of fishes, and in order to avoid the influence of the gates and dams on the migration of fishes, fishways are usually arranged in the gates and dams to help the fishes to pass through the hydraulic buildings.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a jet flow type ditch which can diffuse and dissipate energy in a fishway pond through wall jet flow, can adapt to the change of water level and is generally used for large and medium-sized fishes which can adapt to more complex flow state.

The invention relates to a jet-type ditch, which is characterized in that: the water diversion device comprises a water diversion channel for diversion and a jet device for generating jet flow through water flow of the water diversion channel, wherein the water diversion channel is provided with a flow inlet and a flow outlet, and the water diversion channel is sequentially divided into a flow inflow section, a working section and a flow outflow section along the water flow direction; the jet device consists of a plurality of jet plates which are parallel to each other, wherein one side edge of each jet plate is provided with a vertical seam type channel which is sunken towards the inner side, the bottom end of the channel extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, and the upper end of the channel extends to the upper edge of the jet plate; the jet flow plates are sequentially arranged on the working section of the water channel along the water flow direction in the water channel, so that the working section is divided into a plurality of areas; the channels on the adjacent jet flow plates are arranged in the same direction or in different directions, the same direction means that orthographic projections of the channels on a plane parallel to the jet flow plates are overlapped, and the different direction means that orthographic projections of the channels of the two adjacent jet flow plates on the plane parallel to the jet flow plates are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the channels.

The channel is an elongated rectangular structure.

The water channel bottom plate clamped between the most upstream jet plate and the most downstream jet plate is a stepped bottom plate; along the water flow direction, the height of the bottom plate in the area is decreased progressively to form a stepped bottom plate, the heights of the jet flow plates are equal, and the upper edges of the jet flow plates are decreased progressively along with the height of the bottom plate to form a weir head slope.

The jet flow plate is vertical to the bottom plate of the water channel.

According to the fish swimming tracing habit, two wall jet fishways are designed, namely a straight wall jet fishway in the same direction and a staggered wall jet fishway in different directions.

In the water diversion channel of the invention: the fish-passing vertical seam is arranged on the jet flow plate of the water channel, and the vertical seam type channels (used for passing the fish) on the jet flow plate are arranged linearly in the same direction and alternatively in different directions along the water flow direction of the water channel. If the vertical slits are arranged along the water guide way in the same direction, the main flow track is a straight line, which is beneficial to fast upward tracing of fishes with strong upstream tracing ability, and parent fishes can rapidly flee a plurality of partition plates at one time without stopping; if the vertical seams on the adjacent jet flow plates are arranged in a staggered mode in different directions, the main flow track is a curve, a horizontal vortex is formed in a water tank of the water guide channel, and the resting of the swimming fishes is facilitated.

The conception of the invention is as follows: based on the traceability of different fishes, ecological hydraulic characteristics of fishes during migration are fully considered, proper vertical seam size and arrangement mode are designed, different wall surface jet flow states are formed, migration fish schools are guided to smoothly trace to lay eggs or perform cable bait fattening in inland rivers and lakes through fishways, the diversity of upstream water system organisms is maintained, and the harmonious development of water resource development and ecological environment is promoted.

The basic principle of the water guide channel is that a certain number of jet plates divide the water guide channel into a series of mutually communicated test areas, the total water head of the upstream and the downstream is broken into parts and is decomposed into smaller water heads so as to reduce the flow velocity of the channel, and a water channel in which fish herds can trace is created, wherein the jet plates are used for controlling the flow state of a fishway water pool, and the inhabitation environment in which the fishes can trace and rest is created. The wall surface jet flow fishway is provided with a vertical seam from the top to the bottom on the jet flow plate, namely, a jet flow plate is used for intercepting most of the water tank in the fishway water tank, only one vertical seam type channel for passing fish is left, water flows are discharged through the channel, and wall surface jet flow is formed in the fishway water tank. The water guide channel mainly dissipates energy through the diffusion of wall jet flow in a water pool of the water guide channel, can adapt to the change of water level, and is generally used for passing large and medium-sized fishes which can adapt to more complex flow states.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the water flow through the vertical seams is two-dimensional wall jet flow, namely the water flow in the whole water channel is two-dimensional wall jet flow, the vertical seams are arranged in a same direction or different directions in a staggered mode, and the same-direction linear wall jet flow fishway and the different-direction staggered wall jet flow can be generated, so that the advantages of a turbulent area and a vortex area required by fish migration can be generated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the anisotropic structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention in a co-directional configuration.

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the present invention.

Fig. 4a is a front view of a jet plate of the present invention.

Fig. 4b is a side view of a jet plate of the present invention.

Fig. 4c is a top view of a jet plate of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

With reference to the accompanying drawings:

embodiment 1 the invention relates to a jet type ditch, which comprises a water guide channel 1 for guiding water and a jet device for generating jet flow through water flow of the water guide channel, wherein the water guide channel 1 is provided with a water inlet 11 and a water outlet 12, and the water guide channel 1 is sequentially divided into an inflow section 13, a working section 14 and an outflow section 15 along the water flow direction; the jet device consists of a plurality of jet plates 2 which are parallel to each other, wherein one side edge of each jet plate 2 is provided with a vertical slit type channel 23 which is concave towards the inner side, the bottom end of the channel 23 extends to the position of the water channel bottom plate, and the upper end of the channel 23 extends to the position of the upper edge of the jet plate; the jet plates 2 are sequentially arranged on the working section of the water channel along the water flow direction in the water channel, so that the working section is divided into a plurality of areas (21, 22, 23 and 24); the channels on the adjacent jet flow plates are arranged in the same direction or in different directions, the same direction means that orthographic projections of the channels on a plane parallel to the jet flow plates are overlapped, and the different direction means that orthographic projections of the channels of the two adjacent jet flow plates on the plane parallel to the jet flow plates are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the channels.

The channel 23 is an elongated rectangular structure.

The water channel bottom plate clamped between the most upstream jet flow plate and the most downstream jet flow plate is a stepped bottom plate 16; along the water flow direction, the height of the bottom plate in the area is decreased progressively to form a stepped bottom plate, the heights of the jet flow plates are equal, and the upper edges of the jet flow plates are decreased progressively along with the height of the bottom plate to form a weir head slope.

The jet flow plate is vertical to the bottom plate of the water channel.

Embodiment 2 the invention relates to a same-side linear wall surface jet fishway and a different-side staggered wall surface jet fishway, wherein a device body is a large glass water tank, and an experimental glass water tank is 20m long, 60cm wide and 100cm deep and is divided into three sections: the system comprises an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section. The inflow section is made of a steel plate; the working section is divided into 6 test areas by 5 jet flow plates, wherein two test areas at the most upstream and the most downstream are removed, the middle 4 test areas are used as test water pools, the length L (mm) of each test area is adjusted according to the installation position of the jet flow plates, along the water flow direction, the water channel bottom plate is in an equal difference decreasing trend from the downstream water pool to the upstream water pool, and the reduction value is delta H (mm); the two sides and the bottom of the pool are made of toughened glass, the jet flow plates are made of movable organic glass or polyethylene plates, the height of the jet flow plates is H (mm), and the upper edges of the jet flow plates generate weir head slope drop of delta H (mm) due to the degressive effect of the bottom plate of the water channel; polyethylene plates are arranged on two sides of the outflow section.

Using 5 identical jet plates, 4 test basins were separated in the work section, designated as basin No. 1, basin No. 2, basin No. 3, basin No. 23 and basin No. 4 24 in the order from upstream to downstream, each being 1800mm long and 600mm wide. The water depth of the water pool is changed by using the stepped bottom plate, the slope of the stepped bottom plate with the thickness of 50mm is set, different bottom plate heights are changed according to experiment requirements, and the water channel bottom plate with the thickness of 200mm of the No. 1 water pool is set firstly. For example, the combined jet plate adopts a 100mm vertical seam type channel form, the jet plate is 10mm thick, a vertical seam type channel with the width of 100mm is arranged on one side of the jet plate, and the surplus height of 50mm is arranged away from the top of the jet plate.

The technical idea of the embodiment is as follows: the jet flow plate adopted by the embodiment of the invention is a vertical slit type channel with the width of 100mm and the remaining height of 50 mm. The arrangement form adopted in the embodiment is the equidirectional vertical seams and the opposite-direction vertical seams. The water inlet pipe valve of the glass water tank is adjusted to change the flow velocity, so that different ecological hydraulic conditions are provided for different habit migration fishes. Considering different length-width ratios L/W, slit width ratios b/W, slit length ratios b/L, slit depth ratios b/H and the fall among the pools of the test area, wherein L represents the length of the test area along the water flow direction; w represents the width of the water channel, a coordinate system is established by taking the intersection point of the first jet flow plate and the side wall of the water channel as an original point, the length direction of the water channel as an X direction and the direction vertical to the water channel as a Y direction, and the width of the vertical seam type channel is b; the height of the jet plate is H.

The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but includes equivalent technical means as would be recognized by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A fluidic channel, comprising: the water diversion device comprises a water diversion channel for diversion and a jet device for generating jet flow through water flow of the water diversion channel, wherein the water diversion channel is provided with a flow inlet and a flow outlet, and the water diversion channel is sequentially divided into a flow inflow section, a working section and a flow outflow section along the water flow direction; the jet device consists of a plurality of jet plates which are parallel to each other, wherein one side edge of each jet plate is provided with a vertical seam type channel which is sunken towards the inner side, the bottom end of the channel extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, and the upper end of the channel extends to the upper edge of the jet plate; the jet flow plates are sequentially arranged on the working section of the water channel along the water flow direction in the water channel, so that the working section is divided into a plurality of areas; the channels on the adjacent jet flow plates are arranged in the same direction or in different directions, the same direction means that orthographic projections of the channels on a plane parallel to the jet flow plates are overlapped, and the different direction means that orthographic projections of the channels of the two adjacent jet flow plates on the plane parallel to the jet flow plates are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the channels.

2. A fluidic channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the channel is an elongated rectangular structure.

3. A fluidic channel as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the water channel bottom plate clamped between the most upstream jet plate and the most downstream jet plate is a stepped bottom plate; along the water flow direction, the height of the bottom plate in the area is decreased progressively to form a stepped bottom plate, the heights of the jet flow plates are equal, and the upper edges of the jet flow plates are decreased progressively along with the height of the bottom plate to form a weir head slope.

4. A fluidic channel as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the jet flow plate is vertical to the bottom plate of the water channel.