CN110614368A - Method for improving density of 3D printed part through laser processing hardening treatment - Google Patents
Method for improving density of 3D printed part through laser processing hardening treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110614368A CN110614368A CN201911082519.8A CN201911082519A CN110614368A CN 110614368 A CN110614368 A CN 110614368A CN 201911082519 A CN201911082519 A CN 201911082519A CN 110614368 A CN110614368 A CN 110614368A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the density of a 3D printing part through laser processing hardening treatment, which comprises the following steps: step S1, selecting layer thickness according to the particle size distribution of the metal powder, and fully and compactly discharging the metal powder to be selectively laser-melted on the upper surface of the substrate or the part; step S2, selecting laser process parameters according to the spot size and the part shape of the actual printing position; s3, utilizing the heat effect of Laser, selecting continuous Laser or pulse Laser1 to selectively perform Laser melting on the metal powder, and stacking layer by layer to manufacture parts; step S4, after 1-10 layers of parts manufactured by selective Laser melting are accumulated, processing and hardening are carried out on the surface of the melted 3D printed part by using pulse Laser1, and the part is processed and hardened by the shock wave effect of the pulse Laser; and step S5, repeating the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 until the part additive manufacturing is completed. The problems of low density and high porosity of laser 3D printing parts are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for improving the density of a 3D printed part through laser processing hardening treatment.
Background
Compared with the traditional part forging mode, the part manufactured by laser metal 3D printing has the defects of low part density, looseness, tiny holes and the like, the defects not only greatly reduce the service life, the mechanical property and the like of the part, but also limit the use field of the part, and therefore, how to improve the density of the part and reduce the porosity of the part is particularly important.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
For the reasons, the applicant proposes a method for improving the density of 3D printed parts through laser processing hardening treatment, aiming at solving the problems and improving the density and reducing the porosity of the 3D printed parts.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the above requirements, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for increasing the density of 3D printed parts by laser work hardening.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of increasing 3D printed part density by laser work hardening treatment, comprising the steps of:
step S1, selecting layer thickness according to the particle size distribution of the metal powder, and fully and compactly discharging the metal powder to be selectively laser-melted on the upper surface of the substrate or the part;
step S2, selecting laser process parameters according to the spot size and the part shape of the actual printing position;
s3, utilizing the heat effect of Laser, selecting continuous Laser or pulse Laser1 to selectively perform Laser melting on the metal powder, and stacking layer by layer to manufacture parts;
step S4, after 1-10 layers of parts manufactured by selective Laser melting are accumulated, processing and hardening are carried out on the surface of the melted 3D printed part by using pulse Laser1, and the part is processed and hardened by the shock wave effect of the pulse Laser;
and step S5, repeating the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 until the part additive manufacturing is completed.
The further technical scheme is that the laser process parameters comprise power, scanning speed and lap joint quantity.
The further technical scheme is that the pulse Laser1 is a pulse Laser with the instantaneous power of 400W-7000W and the pulse width of 50ns-250 ns.
The further technical scheme is that the pulse Laser2 is pulse Laser with the instantaneous power of 4000W-30000W and the pulse width of 100ps-150 ps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the method for improving the density of the 3D printing part, the problems of low density and high porosity of the laser 3D printing part can be solved by effectively processing and hardening the laser.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method of increasing 3D printed part density through a laser work hardening process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific process of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the topography of the part with a scanning angle of 90 ° → 180 ° → 270 ° → 0 ° layer by layer in the flow of an embodiment one of the method for increasing the density of the 3D printed part through the laser work hardening treatment according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the topography of the part with a scanning angle of 90 ° → 270 ° → 180 ° → 0 ° layer by layer in the flow of an embodiment one of the method for increasing the density of the 3D printed part through the laser work hardening treatment according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the method for increasing the density of 3D printed parts through laser processing hardening treatment according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the part profile manufactured by a second laser beam V of 400mm/s under the flow of an embodiment two of the method for increasing the density of 3D printed parts by laser work hardening treatment according to the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the part profile manufactured by the second laser beam V of 500mm/s in the flow of the second embodiment of the method for increasing the density of the 3D printed part by laser processing hardening treatment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above should not be understood to necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
The invention has the following technical contents:
a schematic flow chart of a method for increasing the density of a 3D printed part by laser work hardening as shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
step S1, selecting a proper layer thickness according to the particle size distribution of the metal powder to ensure that the metal powder to be selectively laser-melted on the upper surface of the substrate or the part is fully and compactly discharged;
step S2, selecting laser process parameters according to the spot size and the part shape of the actual printing position;
s3, utilizing the heat effect of Laser, selecting continuous Laser or pulse Laser1 to selectively perform Laser melting on the metal powder, and stacking layer by layer to manufacture parts;
step S4, after 1-10 layers of parts manufactured by selective Laser melting are accumulated, processing and hardening are carried out on the surface of the melted 3D printed part by using pulse Laser1, and the part is processed and hardened by the shock wave effect of the pulse Laser;
and step S5, repeating the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 until the part additive manufacturing is completed.
Specifically, the density of the laser 3D printed part is improved by a drilling (work hardening) method, and the machining process mainly comprises 2 steps: the first step is to use continuous laser or pulse laser with lower instantaneous power and longer pulse width (optional range is 400W-7000W instantaneous power, 50ns-250ns pulse width) to selectively melt the metal powder, and the laser mainly uses the thermal effect of the laser; the second step is to use laser with short pulse width (ns, ps, fs pulse width) and large instantaneous power (optional range is instantaneous power 4000W-30000W, pulse width 100ps-150ps) to process and harden the surface of the fused 3D printed part to improve the density of the part, the laser mainly uses the shock wave effect of the laser, and the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2.
Embodiment 1
The first process is as follows: selecting proper pulse laser, stacking parts layer by layer SLM, keeping the power, frequency, speed, pulse width, lap joint amount and spot size of the printed parts at each time unchanged, only changing the scanning track of printing at each time, taking 2-5 layers as a period, wherein the scanning tracks are parallel in the period, and if 2 layers are taken as a period, the tracks can be set as follows in the process of stacking the parts layer by layer SLM: 0 ° → 180 ° → 45 ° → 225 ° → 90 ° → 270 ° →. And the steps are repeated until the part machining and manufacturing are finished.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, respectively: the part topography map is characterized by scanning angles of 90 ° → 180 ° → 270 ° → 0 ° layer by layer, and the part topography map is characterized by scanning angles of 90 ° → 270 ° → 180 ° → 0 ° layer by layer.
Example II
The second process: selecting proper pulse laser, performing SLM (selective laser melting) on metal powder on the surface of a part/substrate by using a first laser beam to ensure that the position of a forming cylinder is unchanged, and scanning a second laser beam on the surface of the metal melted after the first laser beam is melted, wherein the second laser beam reduces power density by changing laser parameters (power, speed, frequency and the like), and the specific process can be shown in FIG. 5;
the cylinders at positions (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) were moved to the same position (x3, y3) as shown in fig. 5. Namely, the height of the forming cylinder is not changed in the actual printing process, the laser scanning is carried out for 2 times at the position (x3, y3), the first scanning is mainly used for melting of metal powder, and the second scanning is mainly used for work hardening (curing) of a melting area.
Fig. 6 and 7 are respectively a profile of the part under the flow of the second laser beam V being 400mm/s and the second laser beam V being 500mm/s, wherein the parameters are consistent when the first laser beam is scanned, and the parameters except the speed are consistent when the second laser beam is scanned.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method of increasing 3D printed part density by laser work hardening treatment, comprising the steps of:
step S1, selecting layer thickness according to the particle size distribution of the metal powder, and fully and compactly discharging the metal powder to be selectively laser-melted on the upper surface of the substrate or the part;
step S2, selecting laser process parameters according to the spot size and the part shape of the actual printing position;
s3, utilizing the heat effect of Laser, selecting continuous Laser or pulse Laser1 to selectively perform Laser melting on the metal powder, and stacking layer by layer to manufacture parts;
step S4, after 1-10 layers of parts manufactured by selective Laser melting are accumulated, processing and hardening are carried out on the surface of the melted 3D printed part by using pulse Laser1, and the part is processed and hardened by the shock wave effect of the pulse Laser;
and step S5, repeating the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 until the part additive manufacturing is completed.
2. The method for increasing the density of 3D printed parts through laser work hardening according to claim 1, wherein the laser process parameters include power, scan speed, and overlap.
3. The method for increasing the density of a 3D printed part through a Laser work hardening process according to claim 1, wherein the pulsed Laser1 is a pulsed Laser with a temporal power of 400W to 7000W and a pulse width of 50ns to 250 ns.
4. The method for increasing the density of 3D printed parts through Laser work hardening according to claim 1, wherein the pulsed Laser2 is a pulsed Laser with instantaneous power of 4000W-30000W and pulse width of 100ps-150 ps.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911082519.8A CN110614368A (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Method for improving density of 3D printed part through laser processing hardening treatment |
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| CN201911082519.8A CN110614368A (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Method for improving density of 3D printed part through laser processing hardening treatment |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN111118272A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-05-08 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | High-performance 17-4PH stainless steel material and high-pressure heat treatment method, manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN111796429A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-10-20 | 广西大学 | Light beam shaping system for metal SLM printing |
| CN112024877A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-04 | 常州英诺激光科技有限公司 | Method for improving surface quality of 3D printing micro-channel part |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111118272A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-05-08 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | High-performance 17-4PH stainless steel material and high-pressure heat treatment method, manufacturing method and application thereof |
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| CN111796429B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-04-01 | 广西大学 | Light beam shaping system for metal SLM printing |
| CN112024877A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-04 | 常州英诺激光科技有限公司 | Method for improving surface quality of 3D printing micro-channel part |
| CN112024877B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-05-03 | 常州英诺激光科技有限公司 | Method for improving surface quality of 3D printing micro-channel part |
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Application publication date: 20191227 |