CN110614355B - High-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in hypergravity environment - Google Patents
High-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in hypergravity environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110614355B CN110614355B CN201910853025.9A CN201910853025A CN110614355B CN 110614355 B CN110614355 B CN 110614355B CN 201910853025 A CN201910853025 A CN 201910853025A CN 110614355 B CN110614355 B CN 110614355B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B30/00—Production of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the action of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or other specific physical conditions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment. The high-gravity test cabin is fixed in the high-gravity test cabin, the furnace body supporting body is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is arranged on the furnace body supporting body, and a mullite heat insulation layer is filled between the heating cavity and the upper cavity heat insulation layer of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat insulation layer of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body respectively; the heating cavity is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and is internally provided with a spiral groove and a heating body; the crucible supporting seat is internally provided with a ventilation pipeline for leading in directional solidification cooling gas. The invention can heat the material directional solidification casting sample under the condition of high rotating speed by matching with the hypergravity environment, solves the key problem of directional solidification casting heating under the high-speed rotating state, fills the blank of the domestic technical industry, and has simple equipment and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-temperature heating, in particular to a sample high-temperature heating method suitable for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment.
Background
The high-pressure turbine working blade is used as one of key components of hot end components of an aeroengine and a gas turbine, and works under coupling loading conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high rotating speed, alternating load and the like for a long time in service, so that the high-pressure turbine working blade is a rotating component with the worst working condition in the engine, and the use reliability of the high-pressure turbine working blade directly influences the performance of the whole engine. In the development process of the high-temperature alloy, the process plays a great role in promoting the development of the high-temperature alloy. Generally, in order to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the superalloy, two approaches are adopted: firstly, a large amount of alloying elements are added, and solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening and the like are generated by a reasonable heat treatment process, so that the high-temperature alloy is ensured to have good strength from room temperature to high temperature, good stability and good plasticity; starting from the solidification process, preparing columnar crystal high-temperature alloy with grain boundaries parallel to a main stress axis so as to eliminate harmful transverse grain boundaries or preparing single crystal high-temperature alloy with all grain boundaries eliminated by adopting a directional solidification process.
As the transverse grain boundary is eliminated or the grain boundary is completely eliminated, the crystal grows along the specific direction of [001], the initial melting temperature and the solution treatment window temperature are increased, the gamma quantity is increased and refined, the performance is greatly improved, and the use temperature is increased.
Currently, almost all advanced aeroengines employ single crystal superalloys. The temperature gradient of the single crystal alloy prepared by the rapid solidification method widely applied in industry can only reach about 100K/cm, the solidification rate is very low, the solidification structure is coarse, the segregation is serious, and the performance of the material is not fully exerted. The crystal growth under microgravity effectively inhibits irregular thermal mass convection caused by gravity due to the reduction of gravity acceleration, so that crystals with highly uniform solute distribution are obtained, but industrialization cannot be realized due to high cost.
Single crystal alloys can be prepared in a supergravity environment, but the prior art lacks a heating system for achieving directional solidification in a supergravity environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problem that the sample is difficult to heat in the process of directional solidification and casting of the material under the conditions of supergravity and high temperature test, and provides a high-temperature heating system which is simple to assemble, convenient to use and high in safety coefficient and can be used for the working condition of supergravity, so that the preparation of single crystal alloy under the supergravity is possible.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the high-temperature heating system is fixed in the hypergravity test cabin and comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a mullite heat-insulating layer, an upper heating cavity outer body, a lower heating cavity outer body, an upper heating furnace tube, a lower heating furnace tube, a crucible supporting seat and a heating body which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom; the upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover, an upper cavity shell, an upper cavity middle shell, an upper cavity heat insulation layer and an upper cavity lower fixing cover, wherein the upper cavity shell, the upper cavity middle shell and the upper cavity heat insulation layer are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure; the middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle heat insulating cover, a middle cavity shell, a middle cavity middle shell, a middle cavity heat insulating layer and a middle cavity lower fixing cover, wherein the middle cavity shell, the middle cavity middle shell and the middle cavity heat insulating layer are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure; the lower fixed cover of the upper cavity of the upper furnace body is fixedly connected with the heat insulating cover of the middle furnace body; the lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover, a lower cavity shell, a lower cavity middle shell, a lower cavity heat insulation layer and a lower cavity lower fixed cover, wherein the lower cavity shell, the lower cavity middle shell and the lower cavity heat insulation layer are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure; the lower fixed cover of the middle cavity of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover of the lower furnace body.
The crucible support seat is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is arranged on the crucible support seat and comprises an upper heating cavity outer body, a lower heating cavity outer body, an upper heating furnace tube and a lower heating furnace tube, the upper heating cavity outer body and the lower heating cavity outer body are of sleeve structures, the upper heating cavity outer body and the lower heating cavity outer body are respectively positioned in an upper coaxial and lower coaxial fixed butt joint, the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are respectively sleeved in the upper heating cavity outer body and the lower heating cavity outer body, and a mullite heat insulation layer is filled between the upper cavity heat insulation layer of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat insulation layer of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body; the outer walls of the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are respectively provided with a spiral groove, the spiral grooves are provided with spiral heating bodies, heat generated by the heating bodies is uniformly radiated to the heating furnace tube formed by the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube, and a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube; the inside of the crucible supporting seat is provided with a ventilation pipeline, the ventilation pipeline is used for leading in cooling gas which is directionally solidified, the upper end of the ventilation pipeline penetrates out of the top surface of the crucible supporting seat to be used as an outlet and is communicated with the inside of the lower heating furnace tube, and the lower end of the ventilation pipeline penetrates out of the bottommost part of the crucible supporting seat to be used as an inlet.
The crucible and the cooling system are arranged on the crucible supporting seats in the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube, cooling gas for directional solidification test is introduced into the bottom of the crucible through the ventilation pipeline, the bottom of the crucible is cooled to form a temperature gradient along the direction of supergravity for directional solidification, and the temperature gradient distribution along the direction of supergravity is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the flow of the cooling gas and the temperature generated by the heating body.
In the working process, the heating body generates heat, the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are heated by radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube, the pitch of spiral grooves at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating bodies at different height positions is changed, the temperature and the flow of cooling gas introduced by a ventilation pipeline of a crucible supporting seat are matched, and the cooling is started from the bottom of the crucible, so that a temperature gradient along the direction of supergravity is formed.
The upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are made of ceramics with high strength and low heat conductivity coefficient.
The high-temperature heating system is arranged in the hypergravity environment of the centrifugal machine.
The high-gravity experimental cabin is internally provided with a bearing frame, a signal collector and a wire distribution frame, material samples to be directionally solidified are arranged in an upper heating furnace tube and a lower heating furnace tube of the high-temperature heating system, a temperature sensor is arranged, the temperature sensor is connected with the signal collector, and a wire output by the signal collector is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring through the wire distribution frame and then connected with a ground measurement and control center;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a strong-current independent loop, the strong-current independent loop controls heating bodies at different height positions in the heating part to heat at high temperature, and one strong-current independent loop on the ground is connected to a wiring frame of the hypergravity experiment cabin through a conductive slip ring of a main shaft of the centrifugal centrifuge;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a cooling gas loop, the cooling gas independent loop controls the flow of the introduced cooling gas, and one cooling gas independent loop on the ground is connected into a cooling gas pipeline bracket and an exhaust pipe of the hypergravity experiment cabin through a main shaft conductive slip ring of the centrifugal centrifuge.
The invention realizes a heating system for realizing directional solidification in a hypergravity environment, so that crystal growth can be carried out under the hypergravity, buoyancy convection is enhanced by increasing gravity acceleration, and when the buoyancy convection is enhanced to a certain degree, the heating system is converted into a laminar flow state, namely re-laminar fluidization, and random thermal mass convection is also inhibited. During the acceleration rotation, liquid phase forced convection is caused, and the interface morphology is obviously changed due to the extremely changed thermal mass transmission process, so that the width of the pasty area is obviously reduced. The rapid flow of the liquid phase causes the temperature gradient in the front liquid phase of the interface to be greatly improved, which is very beneficial to the uniform mixing of the liquid phase solute and the planar interface growth of the material, the dendrite growth morphology is obviously changed from dendrite with obvious main axis to spike without obvious main axis, and the spike has fine microstructure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention can heat the material sample to be directionally solidified and cast at high temperature in the hypergravity environment, can realize the directional solidification and casting and heating of the material under the coupling condition of centrifugal load and thermal load, can effectively solve the problem of the directional solidification and casting heating of the material under the hypergravity and high temperature test conditions, and has the advantages of simple structure, operation scheme and higher safety coefficient.
The invention can heat the material directional solidification casting sample under the condition of high rotation speed by matching with the hypergravity environment, such as the orientation of high temperature alloy and the growth of monocrystal, solves the key problem of material directional solidification casting heating under the high-speed rotation state, fills the blank of domestic technical industry, and has simple equipment and convenient operation. The invention is suitable for the environment of 1g-2000g hypergravity, and the heating temperature is from normal temperature to 10 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a high temperature heating system;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the crucible support;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of the heating furnace tube;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heat-generating body;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrical connection structure of a material directional solidification casting system according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a directional solidification casting structure in which a crucible and a cooling system are installed according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic representations which merely illustrate the basic structure of the invention and therefore show only the structures which are relevant to the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-temperature heating system is fixed in the hypergravity test cabin, and comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a mullite heat-insulating layer 16, an upper heating cavity outer body 17, a lower heating cavity outer body 18, an upper heating furnace tube 19, a lower heating furnace tube 20, a crucible supporting seat 21 and a heating body 22 which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom; the upper heat insulation cover 1, the upper cavity shell 2, the upper cavity middle shell 3, the upper cavity heat insulation layer 4, the upper cavity lower fixing cover 5, the middle heat insulation cover 6, the middle cavity shell 7, the middle cavity middle shell 8, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 9, the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10, the lower heat insulation cover 11, the lower cavity shell 12, the lower cavity middle shell 13, the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 form a shell of a cylindrical high-temperature heating system consisting of three furnace bodies, and the shell is mainly used for fixing the high-temperature heating system in a hypergravity environment and playing a role in protecting the furnace bodies in the hypergravity environment, so that a high-temperature furnace is generally formed.
The upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover 1, an upper cavity shell 2, an upper cavity middle shell 3, an upper cavity heat insulation layer 4 and an upper cavity lower fixing cover 5, wherein the upper cavity shell 2, the upper cavity middle shell 3 and the upper cavity heat insulation layer 4 are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure, the upper heat insulation cover 1 and the upper cavity lower fixing cover 5 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the upper furnace three-layer structure so that the upper furnace three-layer structure is fixedly connected, and the upper heat insulation cover 1 is used for fixing the upper furnace three-layer structure of the upper furnace body and plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation; gaps are reserved between the upper cavity shell 2 and the upper cavity middle shell 3 and between the upper cavity middle shell 3 and the upper cavity heat insulation layer 4 to serve as air heat insulation layers, and the air heat insulation layers play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat loss in the furnace.
The middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle heat insulating cover 6, a middle cavity shell 7, a middle cavity middle shell 8, a middle cavity heat insulating layer 9 and a middle cavity lower fixing cover 10, wherein the middle cavity shell 7, the middle cavity middle shell 8 and the middle cavity heat insulating layer 9 are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure, the middle heat insulating cover 6 and the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the middle furnace three-layer structure so as to fixedly connect the middle furnace three-layer structure, the middle heat insulating cover 6 is used for fixing the middle furnace three-layer structure of the middle furnace body and plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, the middle heat insulating cover 6 has a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, and heat is prevented from being downwards conducted under the action of hypergravity; gaps are formed between the middle cavity shell 7 and the middle cavity middle shell 8 and between the middle cavity middle shell 8 and the middle cavity heat insulation layer 9 to serve as air heat insulation layers, and the air heat insulation layers play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat loss in the furnace; the upper cavity lower fixed cover 5 of the upper furnace body is fixedly connected with the middle heat insulating cover 6 of the middle furnace body, and the upper cavity lower fixed cover 5 is connected with the middle heat insulating cover 6 to be used for connecting the upper furnace body and the middle furnace body.
The lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover 11, a lower cavity shell 12, a lower cavity middle shell 13, a lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 and a lower cavity lower fixing cover 15, wherein the lower cavity shell 12, the lower cavity middle shell 13 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure, the lower heat insulation cover 11 and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the lower furnace three-layer structure so as to fixedly connect the lower furnace three-layer structure, the lower heat insulation cover 11 is used for fixing the lower furnace three-layer structure of the lower furnace body and plays a heat insulation function, the lower heat insulation cover 11 has a heat insulation function and prevents heat from being downwards conducted under the action of supergravity, and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 is used for fixing a high-temperature heating system at the bottom of the supergravity test device. Gaps are formed between the lower cavity shell 12 and the lower cavity middle shell 13 and between the lower cavity middle shell 13 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 to serve as air heat insulation layers, and the air heat insulation layers play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat loss in the furnace; the middle cavity lower fixed cover 10 of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover 11 of the lower furnace body, and the middle cavity lower fixed cover 10 is connected with the lower heat insulation cover 11 to be used for connecting the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body.
The whole furnace body is reinforced by the upper heat insulation cover 1, the upper cavity lower fixing cover 5, the middle heat insulation cover 6, the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10, the lower heat insulation cover 11 and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15, so that the rigidity and strength of the whole furnace body in a hypergravity environment are improved, and the deformation and damage of the furnace body in the running process are prevented. The upper cavity lower fixed cover 5 is connected with the middle heat insulation cover 6, the middle cavity lower fixed cover 10 is connected with the lower heat insulation cover 11 through high-strength bolts, and the installation and the maintenance are convenient.
As shown in fig. 2, the crucible support seat 21 is disposed at the bottom of the heat insulation layer 14 of the lower cavity of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is disposed on the crucible support seat 21, the crucible support seat 21 is disposed on the bottom surface of the hypergravity test chamber, the crucible support seat 21 is used for supporting the whole weight of the furnace body and the compressive stress generated under the action of the hypergravity, and meanwhile, the heat is insulated, so that the heat is prevented from being conducted to the bottom of the hypergravity test device through heat under the hypergravity. The heating cavity comprises an upper heating cavity outer body 17, a lower heating cavity outer body 18, an upper heating furnace tube 19 and a lower heating furnace tube 20, the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18 are of sleeve structures, the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18 are respectively located in upper and lower coaxial fixed butt joints, the bottom end of the lower heating cavity outer body 18 is fixed on the edge of a crucible supporting seat 21, the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are respectively sleeved in the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18, and a mullite heat preservation layer 16 is filled between an upper cavity heat insulation layer 4 of an upper furnace body, a middle cavity heat insulation layer 9 of a middle furnace body and a lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 of a lower furnace body of the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18.
As shown in fig. 3, spiral grooves 22-1 are formed on the outer walls of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20, the spiral grooves 22-1 are provided with spiral heating bodies 22, as shown in fig. 4, the spiral grooves 22-1 can effectively fix the heating bodies to prevent the heating bodies from sliding downwards under the hypergravity, the heat generated by the heating bodies 22 is uniformly radiated to the heating furnace tube formed by the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20, and a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube formed by the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20; the upper heating chamber outer body 17 is used for mounting an upper heating furnace tube 19, and the upper heating chamber outer body 17 and the upper heating furnace tube 19 are used for heating the upper part of the device. The lower heating chamber outer body 18 is used for mounting a lower heating furnace tube 20, and the lower heating chamber outer body 18 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are used for heating the lower part of the apparatus.
The upper and lower annular end surfaces of the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18 are provided with a plurality of through holes for connecting the upper heat insulation cover 1 along the circumference, and the shaft connecting piece/rod connecting piece penetrates through the upper heat insulation cover 1 and is sleeved in the through holes in the same axial direction of the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18.
The structural design of the heating furnace tube and the heating body 22 can prevent the heating body 22 from falling off in a hypergravity environment, and can adjust the heating effect by adjusting the screw pitches at different positions of the spiral grooves.
As shown in fig. 2, a ventilation pipe 21-1 is provided in the crucible support 21, the ventilation pipe 21-1 is used for introducing cooling gas for directional solidification, the upper end of the ventilation pipe 21-1 penetrates out of the top surface of the crucible support 21 as an outlet and is communicated with the interior of the lower heating furnace tube 20, the lower end of the ventilation pipe 21-1 penetrates out of the bottommost part of the crucible support 21 and is used as an inlet and is communicated with the space between the crucible support 21 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14,
as shown in fig. 6, a crucible and a cooling system are installed on a crucible support seat 21 inside an upper heating furnace tube 19 and a lower heating furnace tube 20, cooling gas for directional solidification test is introduced into the bottom of the crucible through a ventilation pipe 21-1, directional solidification is performed by forming a temperature gradient along the direction of supergravity by cooling the bottom of the crucible, and the temperature gradient distribution along the direction of supergravity is regulated by regulating the introduction flow of the cooling gas and the temperature generated by a heating body 22.
In the working process, the heating body 22 generates heat, the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are heated by radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube, the pitch of the spiral grooves 22-1 at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating bodies 22 at different height positions and the heating furnace tube is changed, and the temperature and the flow of cooling gas introduced by the ventilation pipeline 21-1 of the crucible support seat 21 are matched, so that the crucible is cooled from the bottom of the crucible, and a temperature gradient along the hypergravity direction is formed.
The upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are made of ceramics with high strength and low heat conductivity coefficient.
In the practice of the present invention, the selection of the heating element 22, the pitch of the spiral groove processed by the high-strength furnace tube 17, and the type of the material of the high-strength furnace tube 17 are also included.
Type selection of the heating element 22: the maximum temperature allowed to be used and the requirements on the use environment of the different heating elements 22 are different, and the type of the heating element 22 is determined by combining the maximum operating temperature, the vacuum environment and the supergravity environment of the specific use condition of the device. Such as iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy wire, platinum wire, etc.
Helical groove pitch processed by the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20: the heating element 22 is easily pulled up and deformed under the condition of supergravity, and even broken. The layout design of the heating element 22 should be considered, and a series of changes of the heating element 22 should be considered, such as preventing the heating element 22 from breaking when the deformation and movement of the heating element 22 are serious under the condition of supergravity, so as to influence the overall operation of the device.
The material types of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are as follows: the material types of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are determined according to the type of the heating element 22 and the use temperature requirement. In order to prevent deformation caused by the self weights of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 under the hypergravity, the furnace body of the high-temperature heating device is designed into three layers of split type, and each layer is independently reinforced with a heat preservation layer.
The high-temperature heating system is arranged in the hypergravity environment of the centrifugal machine. The hypergravity test cabin is a test cabin for directional solidification of materials in a hypergravity environment and is arranged in a hanging basket of the centrifugal machine.
As shown in fig. 5, a bearing frame, a signal collector and a wire distribution frame are also installed in the supergravity experiment cabin, material samples to be directionally solidified are installed in an upper heating furnace tube 19 and a lower heating furnace tube 20 of the high-temperature heating system, a temperature sensor is arranged, the temperature sensor is connected with the signal collector, and a wire output by the signal collector is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring through the wire distribution frame and then connected with a ground measurement and control center; the high-temperature heating system is provided with a strong-current independent loop, the strong-current independent loop controls the heating bodies 22 at different height positions in the heating part to heat at high temperature, and one strong-current independent loop on the ground is connected to the wiring frame of the hypergravity experiment cabin through the conductive slip ring of the main shaft of the centrifugal centrifuge; the high-temperature heating system is provided with a cooling gas loop, the cooling gas independent loop controls the flow of the introduced cooling gas, and one cooling gas independent loop on the ground is connected into a cooling gas pipeline bracket and an exhaust pipe of the hypergravity experiment cabin through a main shaft conductive slip ring of the centrifugal centrifuge.
In the implementation, an independent temperature control temperature extension wire for controlling the high-temperature heating device is connected to a signal collector, and the signal collector converts the received temperature signal from an analog signal to a digital signal; the digital signal is connected with the signal slip ring through the wire distribution frame and then connected with the ground measurement and control center.
The furnace temperature is controlled by a temperature sensor fixed or welded on the sample to be tested through a temperature controller and a measurement and control system.
When the device is installed and used, the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 is fixed at the bottom of the hypergravity test device through bolts, the crucible supporting seat 21 is installed on the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15, the lower cavity shell 12, the lower cavity middle shell 13 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 are connected with the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 through bolts, the lower heat insulation cover 11 is connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 through bolts, the middle cavity middle shell 8, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 9 and the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 are connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 through bolts, and then are connected with the upper cavity lower fixing cover 5 and the middle heat insulation cover 6 through bolts.
The mullite heat preservation layer 16 is directly arranged between the ceramic heating furnace tubes 19 and 20 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 9 and the upper cavity heat insulation layer 4. The mullite thermal insulation 16 can not only play a role of buffering, but also isolate heat.
The high-temperature heating system can be repeatedly used, and the heating body 2 and the heating furnace tubes 19 and 20 are replaced to meet different experimental requirements, so that the high-temperature heating system has the advantages of being simple in structure and high in safety coefficient.
The mechanical property test working process of the device is as follows:
the first step: placing the hypergravity experiment cabin in a hanging basket of a centrifugal machine, placing a high-temperature heating device in the hypergravity experiment cabin, and melting a sample through a crucible arranged in the heating device;
and a third step of: connecting a wire of a temperature thermocouple arranged around the crucible with a signal collector, wherein the signal collector receives a temperature analog signal and converts the analog signal into a digital signal;
fourth step: a strong electric independent loop is respectively connected to the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20, and a high temperature zone is formed in the heating zone;
fifth step: the rotating shaft of the centrifugal machine is provided with a tachometer, a tachometer signal wire arranged on the rotating shaft of the centrifugal machine is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring, the real-time temperature and the heating rate of the high-temperature furnace are controlled by a thermocouple on the heating device, the rotating speed of the centrifugal machine is controlled by the tachometer, and the centrifugal stress F of the central position of the crucible during directional solidification is calculated by the following formula:
F＝m·a＝m·R(2πN/60) 2
wherein m is the mass of the melt in the crucible; a is centrifugal acceleration, and the calculation formula is a=R (2n/60) 2 R is the effective distance from the center of the crucible to the axis of the rotating shaft of the centrifugal machine; n is the rotational speed of the centrifuge.
The invention can independently control the heating temperature of the high-temperature heating device through the thermocouple and cool the bottom of the crucible by the cooling air quantity introduced into the bottom of the crucible through the air duct 21-1, thereby forming a temperature gradient along the direction of supergravity. The temperature gradient is regulated by regulating the flow and the temperature.
Claims (6)
1. A high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment is characterized in that:
the high-temperature heating system is fixed in the hypergravity experiment cabin and comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a mullite heat preservation layer (16), an upper heating cavity outer body (17), a lower heating cavity outer body (18), an upper heating furnace tube (19), a lower heating furnace tube (20), a crucible supporting seat (21) and a heating body (22) which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom; the upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover (1), an upper cavity shell (2), an upper cavity middle shell (3), an upper cavity heat insulation layer (4) and an upper cavity lower fixing cover (5), wherein the upper cavity shell (2), the upper cavity middle shell (3) and the upper cavity heat insulation layer (4) are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure, the upper heat insulation cover (1) and the upper cavity lower fixing cover (5) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the upper furnace three-layer structure so that the upper furnace three-layer structure is fixedly connected, and gaps are reserved between the upper cavity shell (2) and the upper cavity middle shell (3) and between the upper cavity middle shell (3) and the upper cavity heat insulation layer (4) to serve as air heat insulation layers; the middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle heat insulating cover (6), a middle cavity shell (7), a middle cavity middle shell (8), a middle cavity heat insulating layer (9) and a middle cavity lower fixing cover (10), wherein the middle cavity shell (7), the middle cavity middle shell (8) and the middle cavity heat insulating layer (9) are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure, the middle heat insulating cover (6) and the middle cavity lower fixing cover (10) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the middle furnace three-layer structure so that the middle furnace three-layer structure is fixedly connected, and gaps are reserved between the middle cavity shell (7) and the middle cavity middle shell (8) and between the middle cavity middle shell (8) and the middle cavity heat insulating layer (9) to serve as air heat insulating layers; the upper cavity lower fixed cover (5) of the upper furnace body is fixedly connected with the middle heat insulation cover (6) of the middle furnace body; the lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover (11), a lower cavity shell (12), a lower cavity middle shell (13), a lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) and a lower cavity lower fixing cover (15), wherein the lower cavity shell (12), the lower cavity middle shell (13) and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) are respectively arranged from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure, and the lower heat insulation cover (11) and the lower cavity lower fixing cover (15) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the lower furnace three-layer structure so that the lower furnace three-layer structure is fixedly connected, and gaps are reserved between the lower cavity shell (12) and the lower cavity middle shell (13) and between the lower cavity middle shell (13) and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) to serve as air heat insulation layers; the lower fixed cover (10) of the middle cavity of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover (11) of the lower furnace body;
the crucible support seat (21) is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is arranged on the crucible support seat (21), the heating cavity comprises an upper heating cavity outer body (17), a lower heating cavity outer body (18), an upper heating furnace tube (19) and a lower heating furnace tube (20), the upper heating cavity outer body (17) and the lower heating cavity outer body (18) are of sleeve structures, the upper heating cavity outer body (17) and the lower heating cavity outer body (18) are respectively positioned in upper and lower coaxial fixed butt joint, the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) are respectively sleeved in the upper heating cavity outer body (17) and the lower heating cavity outer body (18), and a mullite heat insulation layer (16) is filled between the upper cavity heat insulation layer (4) of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat insulation layer (9) of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) of the lower furnace body; the outer walls of the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) are respectively provided with a spiral groove (22-1), the spiral grooves (22-1) are provided with spiral heating bodies (22), heat generated by the heating bodies (22) is uniformly radiated to the heating furnace tube formed by the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20), and a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube; the inside of the crucible supporting seat (21) is provided with a ventilation pipeline (21-1), the ventilation pipeline (21-1) is used for introducing cooling gas for directional solidification, the upper end of the ventilation pipeline (21-1) penetrates through the top surface of the crucible supporting seat (21) to serve as an outlet and is communicated with the inside of the lower heating furnace tube (20), and the lower end of the ventilation pipeline (21-1) penetrates through the bottommost part of the crucible supporting seat (21) to serve as an inlet.
2. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises the following components: the crucible and the cooling system are arranged on the crucible supporting seat (21) in the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20), cooling gas for directional solidification test is introduced into the bottom of the crucible through the ventilation pipeline (21-1), the bottom of the crucible is cooled to form a temperature gradient along the hypergravity direction for directional solidification, and the temperature gradient distribution along the hypergravity direction is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the introduction flow of the cooling gas and the temperature generated by the heating body (22).
3. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises the following components: in the working process, the heating body (22) generates heat, the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) are heated by radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube, the pitch of the spiral grooves (22-1) at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating bodies (22) at different height positions is changed, the temperature and the flow of cooling gas introduced by the ventilation pipeline (21-1) of the crucible support seat (21) are matched, and the crucible bottom is cooled, so that a temperature gradient along the hypergravity direction is formed.
4. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises the following components: the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) are made of ceramics with high strength and low heat conductivity coefficient.
5. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises the following components: the high-temperature heating system is arranged in the hypergravity environment of the centrifugal machine.
6. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and casting of materials in a hypergravity environment according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises the following components: the high-gravity experimental cabin is internally provided with a bearing frame, a signal collector and a wire distribution frame, the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) of the high-temperature heating system are internally provided with material samples to be directionally solidified, the temperature sensor is connected with the signal collector, and a wire output by the signal collector is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring through the wire distribution frame and then connected with a ground measurement and control center;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a strong-current independent loop, the strong-current independent loop controls heating elements (22) at different height positions inside to heat at high temperature, and one strong-current independent loop on the ground is connected to a wiring frame of the supergravity experiment cabin through a conductive slip ring of a main shaft of the centrifugal machine;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a cooling gas independent loop, the cooling gas independent loop controls the flow of the introduced cooling gas, and one cooling gas independent loop on the ground is connected into a cooling gas pipeline bracket and an exhaust pipe of the hypergravity experiment cabin through a conductive slip ring of the main shaft of the centrifugal machine.
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| CN110846712B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2023-11-10 | 浙江大学 | Supergravity directional solidification casting furnace device |
| CN111496214A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江大学 | Cantilever type centrifugal supergravity casting device |
| CN111441081B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2023-10-27 | 浙江大学 | Centrifugal supergravity casting and directional solidification system |
| CN112461000A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-09 | 浙江炜烨晶体纤维有限公司 | Heat insulation device for directional crystallization furnace based on polycrystalline mullite fiber |
| CN114561691A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-31 | 苏州中砥半导体材料有限公司 | Temperature field control device and method for indium phosphide crystal production process |
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