CN110614355A - High-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials in supergravity environment - Google Patents
High-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials in supergravity environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110614355A CN110614355A CN201910853025.9A CN201910853025A CN110614355A CN 110614355 A CN110614355 A CN 110614355A CN 201910853025 A CN201910853025 A CN 201910853025A CN 110614355 A CN110614355 A CN 110614355A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B30/00—Production of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the action of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or other specific physical conditions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials in a supergravity environment. The furnace body supporting body is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is arranged on the furnace body supporting body, and mullite heat insulation layers are respectively filled between the outside of the heating cavity and the upper cavity heat insulation layer of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat insulation layer of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body; the heating cavity is divided into an upper part and a lower part, a spiral groove is processed in the heating cavity, and a heating body is arranged in the heating cavity; and a vent pipe for introducing directional solidification cooling gas is arranged in the crucible supporting seat. The invention is matched with a supergravity environment, can heat the material directionally solidifying and casting sample under the condition of high rotating speed, solves the key problem of directionally solidifying, casting and heating under the high-speed rotating state, fills the blank of the domestic technical industry, and has simple equipment and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-temperature heating, in particular to high-temperature heating of a sample suitable for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials in a hypergravity environment.
Background
The high-pressure turbine working blade is one of key components of a hot end part of an aeroengine and a gas turbine, works under the coupling loading conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high rotating speed, alternating load and the like for a long period of service, is a rotating part with the worst working condition in the engine, and the use reliability of the rotating part directly influences the performance of the whole engine. In the development process of the high-temperature alloy, the process plays a great promoting role in the development of the high-temperature alloy. Generally, in order to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the high-temperature alloy, two approaches are adopted: one is that a large amount of alloying elements are added, and solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening and the like are generated through a reasonable heat treatment process, so that the high-temperature alloy is ensured to have good strength from room temperature to high temperature, surface stability and better plasticity; and secondly, starting from a solidification process, preparing columnar crystal high-temperature alloy with grain boundaries parallel to a main stress axis so as to eliminate harmful transverse grain boundaries or preparing single crystal high-temperature alloy with all grain boundaries eliminated by adopting a directional solidification process.
Because the transverse crystal boundary of the directional and single crystal blade is eliminated or the crystal boundary is completely eliminated, the crystal grows along the specific direction of [001], the initial melting temperature and the temperature of a solid solution treatment window are improved, the number of gamma rays is increased and refined, the performance is greatly improved, and the use temperature is improved.
At present, almost all advanced aircraft engines use single crystal superalloys. The single crystal alloy prepared by the rapid solidification method widely applied to industry has the temperature gradient of only about 100K/cm, and the solidification rate is very low, so that the solidification structure is thick, the segregation is serious, and the performance of the material is not fully exerted. The crystal growth under microgravity effectively inhibits the irregular thermal mass convection caused by gravity due to the reduction of the acceleration of gravity, thereby obtaining the crystal with highly uniform solute distribution, but the cost is too high, so that the industrialization cannot be realized.
Single crystal alloys can be prepared by performing the process under a hypergravity environment, but the prior art lacks a heating system for achieving directional solidification under a hypergravity environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a sample is difficult to heat in the process of directional solidification and fusion casting of a material under the conditions of supergravity and high temperature test, provides a high-temperature heating system which is simple in assembly, convenient to use and high in safety factor and can be used in the supergravity working condition, and aims to provide a method for directionally solidifying and fusion casting of a material under the high-rotation speed-high temperature coupling environment, so that the preparation of a single crystal alloy under the supergravity working condition is possible.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the high-temperature heating system is fixed in a supergravity test chamber and comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a mullite heat-insulating layer, an upper heating cavity outer body, a lower heating cavity outer body, an upper heating furnace tube, a lower heating furnace tube, a crucible supporting seat and a heating body which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom; the upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover, an upper furnace body shell, an upper furnace body middle shell, an upper furnace body heat insulation layer and an upper furnace body lower fixing cover, wherein the upper furnace body shell, the upper furnace body middle shell and the upper furnace body heat insulation layer are respectively installed from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure; the middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle heat insulation cover, a middle cavity shell, a middle cavity middle shell, a middle cavity heat insulation layer and a middle cavity lower fixing cover, wherein the middle cavity shell, the middle cavity middle shell and the middle cavity heat insulation layer are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure; the upper cavity lower fixing cover of the upper furnace body is fixedly connected with the middle heat insulation cover of the middle furnace body; the lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover, a lower cavity outer shell, a lower cavity middle shell, a lower cavity heat insulation layer and a lower cavity lower fixing cover, wherein the lower cavity outer shell, the lower cavity middle shell and the lower cavity heat insulation layer are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure; the lower fixed cover of the middle cavity of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover of the lower furnace body.
The crucible supporting seat is arranged at the bottom of a lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is arranged on the crucible supporting seat and comprises an upper heating cavity outer body, a lower heating cavity outer body, an upper heating furnace tube and a lower heating furnace tube, the upper heating cavity outer body and the lower heating cavity outer body are of sleeve structures, the upper heating cavity outer body and the lower heating cavity outer body are respectively positioned in upper and lower coaxial fixed butt joint, the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are respectively sleeved in the upper heating cavity outer body and the lower heating cavity outer body, and mullite heat insulation layers are filled among an upper cavity heat insulation layer of the upper furnace body, a middle cavity heat insulation layer of the middle furnace body and a lower cavity heat insulation layer of the lower furnace body; the outer walls of the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are both processed with spiral grooves, the spiral grooves are provided with spiral heating bodies, heat generated by the heating bodies is uniformly radiated to the heating furnace tube consisting of the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube, and a high-temperature region is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube; the crucible supporting seat is internally provided with a vent pipe, the vent pipe is used for introducing cooling gas for directional solidification, the upper end of the vent pipe penetrates out of the top surface of the crucible supporting seat to serve as an outlet and is communicated to the inside of the lower heating furnace pipe, and the lower end of the vent pipe penetrates out of the bottommost part of the crucible supporting seat to serve as an inlet.
The crucible and the cooling system are arranged on the crucible supporting seat in the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube, cooling gas for the directional solidification test is introduced to the bottom of the crucible through the vent pipeline, the bottom of the crucible is cooled to form a temperature gradient along the supergravity direction for directional solidification, and the temperature gradient distribution along the supergravity direction is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the introduction flow of the cooling gas and the temperature generated by the heating body.
The heating element produces heat in the working process, through radiation heating upper heating furnace tube and lower heating furnace tube, forms the high temperature region at heating furnace tube central authorities, and the heliciform recess pitch through changing different height position and then change the heating element of different height position at heating furnace tube interval, and the cooling gas temperature and the flow that cooperation crucible supporting seat breather line lets in begin to cool off from the crucible bottom, form a temperature gradient along the hypergravity direction.
The upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are made of ceramics with high strength and low heat conductivity coefficient.
The high-temperature heating system is arranged in the hypergravity environment of the centrifuge.
The experimental cabin is also internally provided with a bearing frame, a signal collector and a wiring frame, material samples to be directionally solidified are arranged in an upper heating furnace tube and a lower heating furnace tube of the high-temperature heating system, and are provided with temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are connected with the signal collector, and a lead output by the signal collector is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring through the wiring frame and then is connected with a ground measurement and control center;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a strong current independent loop, the strong current independent loop controls and heats heating bodies at different height positions in the high-temperature heating system to carry out high-temperature heating, and a strong current independent loop on the ground is connected into a wiring frame of the hypergravity experiment cabin through a centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a cooling gas loop, the cooling gas loop controls the flow of introduced cooling gas, and a cooling gas loop on the ground is connected into a cooling gas pipeline support and an exhaust pipe of the hypergravity experiment chamber through a centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring.
The invention realizes a heating system for realizing directional solidification under a supergravity environment, so that crystal growth can be carried out under supergravity, buoyancy convection is enhanced by increasing gravity acceleration, when the buoyancy convection is enhanced to a certain degree, the buoyancy convection is converted into a laminar state, namely, laminar flow is carried out again, and irregular thermal mass convection is also inhibited. Forced convection of the liquid phase is caused during the accelerated rotation, which causes significant changes in the interface morphology due to greatly changing heat and mass transport processes, resulting in a significant reduction in the width of the mushy zone. The liquid phase fast flow causes the temperature gradient in the liquid phase at the front edge of the interface to be greatly improved, which is very beneficial to the uniform mixing of liquid phase solutes and the planar interface growth of materials, the growth form of dendrites is obviously changed from dendrites with obvious main axes to spike-shaped crystals without the obvious main axes, and the spike-shaped crystals have fine microstructures.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can heat the material sample needing directional solidification casting at high temperature under the environment of hypergravity, can realize the directional solidification casting and heating of the material under the condition of centrifugal load-thermal load coupling, can effectively solve the problem of the directional solidification casting heating of the material under the conditions of hypergravity and high-temperature test, and has the advantages of simple structure, operation scheme and higher safety factor.
The invention can heat the material directionally solidified and cast sample under the condition of high rotating speed by matching with the hypergravity environment, such as the orientation of high-temperature alloy and the growth of single crystal, solves the key problem of material directionally solidified, cast and heated under the high-speed rotating state, fills the blank of the domestic technical industry, and has simple equipment and convenient operation. The invention is suitable for the super-gravity environment of 1g-2000g, and the heating temperature is from normal temperature to 10 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a high temperature heating system;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the crucible support base;
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the heating furnace tube;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heat-generating body;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrical connection structure of a material directional solidification casting system according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a directional solidification fusion casting structure in which a crucible and a cooling system are installed according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views, and merely illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore, only show the components related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-temperature heating system is fixed in the supergravity test chamber, and the high-temperature heating system comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a mullite heat-insulating layer 16, an upper heating cavity outer body 17, a lower heating cavity outer body 18, an upper heating furnace tube 19, a lower heating furnace tube 20, a crucible supporting seat 21 and a heating body 22 which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom; the upper heat insulation cover 1, the upper cavity shell 2, the upper cavity middle shell 3, the upper cavity heat insulation layer 4, the upper cavity lower fixing cover 5, the middle heat insulation cover 6, the middle cavity shell 7, the middle cavity middle shell 8, the middle cavity heat insulation layer 9, the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10, the lower heat insulation cover 11, the lower cavity shell 12, the lower cavity middle shell 13, the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 form a shell of a cylindrical high-temperature heating system consisting of three furnace bodies.
The upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover 1, an upper furnace body shell 2, an upper furnace body middle shell 3, an upper furnace body heat insulation layer 4 and an upper furnace body lower fixing cover 5, wherein the upper furnace body shell 2, the upper furnace body middle shell 3 and the upper furnace body heat insulation layer 4 are respectively installed from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure, the upper heat insulation cover 1 and the upper furnace body lower fixing cover 5 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the upper furnace three-layer structure to enable the upper furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and the upper heat insulation cover 1 is used for fixing the upper furnace three-layer structure of the upper furnace body and plays; gaps are arranged between the upper cavity outer shell 2 and the upper cavity middle shell 3 and between the upper cavity middle shell 3 and the upper cavity heat insulation layer 4 to serve as air heat insulation layers, and the air heat insulation layers play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat in the furnace from being dissipated.
The middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle heat insulation cover 6, a middle cavity outer shell 7, a middle cavity middle shell 8, a middle cavity heat insulation layer 9 and a middle cavity lower fixing cover 10, wherein the middle cavity outer shell 7, the middle cavity middle shell 8 and the middle cavity heat insulation layer 9 are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure, the middle heat insulation cover 6 and the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the middle furnace three-layer structure to enable the middle furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, the middle heat insulation cover 6 is used for fixing the middle furnace three-layer structure of the middle furnace body and plays a role in heat insulation, and the middle heat insulation cover 6 has a heat insulation effect and prevents heat from being conducted downwards under the effect of supergravity; gaps are arranged between the middle cavity outer shell 7 and the middle cavity middle shell 8 and between the middle cavity middle shell 8 and the middle cavity heat-insulating layer 9 to serve as air heat-insulating layers which play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat in the furnace from dissipating; the upper furnace body lower fixing cover 5 is fixedly connected with the middle heat insulation cover 6 of the middle furnace body, and the upper furnace body lower fixing cover 5 and the middle heat insulation cover 6 are connected to connect the upper furnace body and the middle furnace body.
The lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover 11, a lower cavity shell 12, a lower cavity middle shell 13, a lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 and a lower cavity lower fixing cover 15, wherein the lower cavity shell 12, the lower cavity middle shell 13 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure, the lower heat insulation cover 11 and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the lower furnace three-layer structure to enable the lower furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, the lower heat insulation cover 11 is used for fixing the lower furnace three-layer structure of the lower furnace body and plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, the lower heat insulation cover 11 has a heat insulation and heat preservation function and prevents heat from being conducted downwards under the effect of supergravity, and the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 is used for fixing a high-temperature. Gaps are reserved between the lower cavity outer shell 12 and the lower cavity middle shell 13 and between the lower cavity middle shell 13 and the lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 to serve as air heat insulation layers, and the air heat insulation layers play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation to prevent heat in the furnace from being dissipated; the middle-cavity lower fixed cover 10 of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover 11 of the lower furnace body, and the middle-cavity lower fixed cover 10 and the lower heat insulation cover 11 are connected to connect the middle furnace body and the lower furnace body.
The whole furnace body is reinforced through four places, namely an upper heat insulation cover 1, an upper cavity lower fixing cover 5, a middle heat insulation cover 6, a middle cavity lower fixing cover 10, a lower heat insulation cover 11 and a lower cavity lower fixing cover 15, so that the rigidity and the strength of the whole furnace body in a supergravity environment are improved, and the deformation and the damage of the furnace body in the operation process are prevented. The upper cavity lower fixing cover 5, the middle heat insulation cover 6, the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 and the lower heat insulation cover 11 are connected through high-strength bolts, and therefore installation and maintenance are convenient.
As shown in figure 2, crucible supporting seat 21 is arranged in the lower cavity insulating layer 14 bottom of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is arranged on the crucible supporting seat 21, the crucible supporting seat 21 is arranged on the bottom surface of the supergravity test chamber, the crucible supporting seat 21 is used for supporting the weight of the whole furnace body, and the pressure stress generated under the supergravity action is insulated at the same time, so that the heat is prevented from passing through the bottom of the supergravity test device under the supergravity. The heating cavity comprises an upper heating cavity outer body 17, a lower heating cavity outer body 18, an upper heating furnace tube 19 and a lower heating furnace tube 20, the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18 are of a sleeve structure, the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18 are respectively positioned in upper and lower coaxial fixed butt joint, the bottom end of the lower heating cavity outer body 18 is fixed to the edge of a crucible supporting seat 21, the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are respectively sleeved in the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18, and a mullite heat-insulating layer 16 is filled between the upper heating cavity outer body heat-insulating layer 4 of the upper furnace body, the middle cavity heat-insulating layer 9 of the middle furnace body and the lower cavity heat-insulating layer 14 of the.
As shown in fig. 3, the outer walls of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are both processed with spiral grooves 22-1, the spiral grooves 22-1 are provided with spiral heating elements 22, as shown in fig. 4, the spiral grooves 22-1 can effectively fix the heating elements to prevent the heating elements from sliding downwards under the supergravity, heat generated by the heating elements 22 is uniformly radiated to the heating furnace tube composed of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20, and a high temperature zone is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube composed of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20; the upper heating cavity external body 17 is used for installing an upper heating furnace tube 19, and the upper heating cavity external body 17 and the upper heating furnace tube 19 are used for heating the upper part of the device. The lower heating cavity outer body 18 is used for installing a lower heating furnace tube 20, and the lower heating cavity outer body 18 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are used for heating the lower part of the device.
A plurality of through holes for connecting the upper heat insulation cover 1 are formed in the upper annular end face and the lower annular end face of the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18 along the circumference, and the shaft connecting piece/rod connecting piece penetrates through the upper heat insulation cover 1 and is sleeved in the through holes in the same axial direction of the upper heating cavity outer body 17 and the lower heating cavity outer body 18.
The structural design of the heating furnace tube and the heating element 22 of the invention can prevent the heating element 22 from falling off under the environment of supergravity, and can adjust the heating effect by adjusting the screw pitches of different positions of the spiral groove.
As shown in FIG. 2, an air duct 21-1 is arranged in the crucible supporting seat 21, the air duct 21-1 is used for introducing cooling gas for directional solidification, the upper end of the air duct 21-1 penetrates out of the top surface of the crucible supporting seat 21 to serve as an outlet and is communicated with the interior of the lower heating furnace tube 20, the lower end of the air duct 21-1 penetrates out of the bottommost part of the crucible supporting seat 21 to serve as an inlet and is communicated with a space between the crucible supporting seat 21 and the lower cavity thermal insulation layer 14,
as shown in fig. 6, a crucible and a cooling system are installed above a crucible support base 21 inside an upper heating furnace tube 19 and a lower heating furnace tube 20, cooling gas for directional solidification test is introduced into the bottom of the crucible through an air duct 21-1, directional solidification is performed by cooling the bottom of the crucible to form a temperature gradient along the supergravity direction, and temperature gradient distribution along the supergravity direction is controlled by controlling the introduction flow rate of the cooling gas and the temperature generated by a heating element 22.
The heating body 22 generates heat in the working process, the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are heated through radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube, the pitch of the spiral grooves 22-1 at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating bodies 22 at different height positions in the heating furnace tube is further changed, and the cooling gas is cooled from the bottom of the crucible by matching with the temperature and the flow of the cooling gas introduced through the ventilation pipeline 21-1 of the crucible supporting seat 21, so that a temperature gradient along the supergravity direction is formed.
The upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are made of ceramics with high strength and low heat conductivity coefficient.
In the specific implementation of the invention, the selection of the heating element 22, the spiral groove pitch processed by the high-strength furnace tube 17 and the material type of the high-strength furnace tube 17 are required.
Selection of the heating element 22: the maximum allowable temperature and the requirement for the use environment are different for different heat-generating bodies 22, and the type of the heat-generating body 22 is determined in combination with the specific use condition of the apparatus, the maximum operating temperature, the vacuum environment and the hypergravity environment). Such as iron-chromium-aluminum electrothermal alloy wires, platinum wires and the like.
The spiral groove pitch processed by the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 is as follows: the heating element 22 is easily pulled up to be deformed or even broken under the condition of supergravity. Besides the layout design of the heating element 22, a series of changing influences caused by the heating element 22 should be considered, for example, the heating element 22 is prevented from being broken when the deformation and movement are serious under the condition of supergravity, so that the overall operation of the device is influenced.
The material types of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are as follows: the material types of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 are determined according to the type of the heat-generating body 22 and the use temperature requirement. In order to prevent the deformation caused by the dead weight of the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20 under the hypergravity, the furnace body of the high-temperature heating device is designed into a three-layer split type, and each layer of the heat-insulating layer is reinforced independently.
The high temperature heating system is placed in the hypergravity environment of the centrifuge. The supergravity test chamber is a test chamber for directional solidification of materials in a supergravity environment and is arranged in a hanging basket of a centrifuge.
As shown in fig. 5, a bearing frame, a signal collector and a wiring frame are further installed in the supergravity experimental cabin, material samples to be directionally solidified are installed in an upper heating furnace tube 19 and a lower heating furnace tube 20 of the high-temperature heating system, a temperature sensor is also arranged, the temperature sensor is connected with the signal collector, and a lead output by the signal collector is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring through the wiring frame and then is connected with a ground measurement and control center; the high-temperature heating system is provided with a strong current independent loop, the strong current independent loop controls and heats heating bodies 22 at different height positions in the high-temperature heating system to carry out high-temperature heating, and a strong current independent loop on the ground is connected into a wiring frame of the hypergravity experiment cabin through a centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring; the high-temperature heating system is provided with a cooling gas loop, the cooling gas loop controls the flow of introduced cooling gas, and a cooling gas loop on the ground is connected into a cooling gas pipeline support and an exhaust pipe of the hypergravity experiment chamber through a centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring.
In specific implementation, an independent temperature control extension wire for controlling the high-temperature heating device is connected to a signal collector, and the signal collector converts received temperature signals from analog signals into digital signals; the digital signal is connected with the signal slip ring through the wiring frame and then is connected with the ground measurement and control center.
The furnace temperature is controlled by a temperature sensor fixed or welded on a sample to be measured through a temperature controller and a measurement and control system.
When the device is installed and used, a lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 is fixed at the bottom of the supergravity testing device through bolts, a crucible supporting seat 21 is installed on the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15, a lower cavity outer shell 12, a lower cavity middle shell 13 and a lower cavity heat insulation layer 14 are connected with the lower cavity lower fixing cover 15 through bolts, a lower heat insulation cover 11 is connected with a middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 through bolts, a middle cavity middle shell 8, a middle cavity heat insulation layer 9 and a middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 are connected with the middle cavity lower fixing cover 10 through bolts, and then connected with an upper cavity lower fixing cover 5 and a middle heat insulation cover 6 through bolts.
The mullite heat-insulating layer 16 is directly placed between the ceramic heating furnace tubes 19 and 20 and the lower cavity heat-insulating layer 14, the middle cavity heat-insulating layer 9 and the upper cavity heat-insulating layer 4. The mullite heat-insulating layer 16 can play a role in buffering and insulating heat.
The high-temperature heating system can be repeatedly used, only needs to meet different experimental requirements by replacing the proper heating body 2 and the heating furnace tubes 19 and 20, and has the advantages of simple structure and higher safety factor.
The mechanical property test working process of the device is as follows:
the first step is as follows: placing the supergravity experiment chamber in a hanging basket of a centrifuge, placing a high-temperature heating device in the supergravity experiment chamber, and melting a sample through a crucible arranged in the heating device;
the third step: connecting a lead of a temperature thermocouple arranged around the crucible with a signal collector, wherein the signal collector receives a temperature analog signal and converts the analog signal into a digital signal;
the fourth step: a strong electric independent loop is respectively connected to the upper heating furnace tube 19 and the lower heating furnace tube 20, and a high-temperature zone is formed in the heating zone;
the fifth step: installing a tachometer on a rotating shaft of the centrifuge, connecting a signal wire of the tachometer installed on the rotating shaft of the centrifuge with the weak signal conductive slip ring, controlling the real-time temperature and the heating rate of the high-temperature furnace by using a thermocouple on a heating device, controlling the rotating speed of the centrifuge by using the tachometer, and calculating the centrifugal stress F at the central position of the crucible during directional solidification by using the following formula:
F＝m·a＝m·R(2πN/60)2
wherein m is the mass of the melt in the crucible; a is centrifugal acceleration, and the calculation formula is a ═ R (2 pi N/60)2R is the effective distance from the central position of the crucible to the axis of the rotating shaft of the centrifuge; and N is the rotating speed of the centrifuge.
The invention can independently control the heating temperature of the high-temperature heating device through the thermocouple, and the cooling air quantity introduced into the bottom of the crucible through the air duct 21-1 cools the bottom of the crucible to form a temperature gradient along the direction of supergravity. The temperature gradient is regulated by regulating the flow and the temperature.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature heating system of directional solidification founding of material under hypergravity environment which characterized in that:
the high-temperature heating system is fixed in the supergravity test chamber and comprises an upper furnace body, a middle furnace body, a lower furnace body, a mullite heat-insulating layer (16), an upper heating cavity outer body (17), a lower heating cavity outer body (18), an upper heating furnace tube (19), a lower heating furnace tube (20), a crucible supporting seat (21) and a heating body (22) which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom; the upper furnace body mainly comprises an upper heat insulation cover (1), an upper furnace body shell (2), an upper furnace body middle shell (3), an upper furnace body heat insulation layer (4) and an upper furnace body lower fixing cover (5), wherein the upper furnace body shell (2), the upper furnace body middle shell (3) and the upper furnace body heat insulation layer (4) are respectively installed from outside to inside to form an upper furnace three-layer structure, the upper heat insulation cover (1) and the upper furnace body lower fixing cover (5) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the upper furnace three-layer structure to enable the upper furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and gaps are respectively reserved between the upper furnace body shell (2) and the upper furnace body middle shell (3) and between the upper furnace body middle shell (3) and the upper furnace body heat; the middle furnace body mainly comprises a middle cavity heat cover (6), a middle cavity outer shell (7), a middle cavity middle shell (8), a middle cavity heat-insulating layer (9) and a middle cavity lower fixing cover (10), wherein the middle cavity outer shell (7), the middle cavity middle shell (8) and the middle cavity heat-insulating layer (9) are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a middle furnace three-layer structure, the middle cavity heat cover (6) and the middle cavity lower fixing cover (10) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the middle furnace three-layer structure to fixedly connect the middle furnace three-layer structure, and gaps are respectively reserved between the middle cavity outer shell (7) and the middle cavity middle shell (8) and between the middle cavity middle shell (8) and the middle cavity heat-insulating layer (9) to serve as air heat-insulating layers; the upper cavity lower fixed cover (5) of the upper furnace body is fixedly connected with the middle heat insulation cover (6) of the middle furnace body; the lower furnace body mainly comprises a lower heat insulation cover (11), a lower cavity shell (12), a lower cavity middle shell (13), a lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) and a lower cavity lower fixing cover (15), wherein the lower cavity shell (12), the lower cavity middle shell (13) and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) are respectively installed from outside to inside to form a lower furnace three-layer structure, the lower heat insulation cover (11) and the lower cavity lower fixing cover (15) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the lower furnace three-layer structure to enable the lower furnace three-layer structure to be fixedly connected, and gaps are respectively reserved between the lower cavity shell (12) and the lower cavity middle shell (13) and between the lower cavity middle shell (13) and the lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) to serve as air heat insulation layers; the lower fixed cover (10) of the middle cavity of the middle furnace body is fixedly connected with the lower heat insulation cover (11) of the lower furnace body;
the crucible supporting seat (21) is arranged at the bottom of a lower cavity heat insulation layer (14) of the lower furnace body, the heating cavity is arranged on the crucible supporting seat (21), the heating cavity comprises an upper heating cavity outer body (17), a lower heating cavity outer body (18), an upper heating furnace tube (19) and a lower heating furnace tube (20), the upper heating cavity outer body (17) and the lower heating cavity outer body (18) are of sleeve structures, the upper heating cavity outer body (17) and the lower heating cavity outer body (18) are respectively positioned in upper and lower coaxial fixed butt joint, the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) are respectively sleeved in the upper heating cavity outer body (17) and the lower heating cavity outer body (18), a mullite heat-insulating layer (16) is filled among an upper heating cavity outer body (17), a lower heating cavity outer body (18), an upper cavity heat-insulating layer (4) of the upper furnace body, a middle cavity heat-insulating layer (9) of the middle furnace body and a lower cavity heat-insulating layer (14) of the lower furnace body; spiral grooves (22-1) are processed on the outer walls of the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20), spiral heating bodies (22) are arranged in the spiral grooves (22-1), heat generated by the heating bodies (22) is uniformly radiated to the heating furnace tube consisting of the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20), and a high-temperature region is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube; an air duct (21-1) is arranged in the crucible supporting seat (21), the air duct (21-1) is used for introducing cooling gas for directional solidification, the upper end of the air duct (21-1) penetrates through the top surface of the crucible supporting seat (21) to serve as an outlet and is communicated into the lower heating furnace tube (20), and the lower end of the air duct (21-1) penetrates through the bottommost part of the crucible supporting seat (21) to serve as an inlet.
2. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials under the hypergravity environment of claim 1, is characterized in that: a crucible and a cooling system are arranged on a crucible supporting seat (21) in the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20), cooling gas for directional solidification test is introduced into the bottom of the crucible through a gas passage pipeline (21-1), directional solidification is carried out by cooling the bottom of the crucible to form a temperature gradient along the direction of supergravity, and the temperature gradient distribution along the direction of supergravity is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the introduction flow of the cooling gas and the temperature generated by a heating body (22).
3. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials under the hypergravity environment of claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating body (22) generates heat in the working process, the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) are heated through radiation, a high-temperature area is formed in the center of the heating furnace tube, the pitch of the spiral grooves (22-1) at different height positions is changed, the distance between the heating furnace tubes and the heating body (22) at different height positions is further changed, the temperature and the flow of cooling gas introduced through the ventilation pipeline (21-1) of the crucible supporting seat (21) are matched, cooling is started from the bottom of the crucible, and a temperature gradient along the supergravity direction is formed.
4. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials under the hypergravity environment of claim 1, is characterized in that: the upper heating furnace tube (19) and the lower heating furnace tube (20) are made of ceramics with high strength and low heat conductivity coefficient.
5. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials under the hypergravity environment of claim 1, is characterized in that: the high-temperature heating system is arranged in the hypergravity environment of the centrifuge.
6. The high-temperature heating system for directional solidification and fusion casting of materials under the hypergravity environment of claim 1, is characterized in that: the experimental cabin is also internally provided with a bearing frame, a signal collector and a wiring frame, material samples to be directionally solidified are arranged in an upper heating furnace tube (19) and a lower heating furnace tube (20) of the high-temperature heating system, the upper heating furnace tube and the lower heating furnace tube are provided with temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are connected with the signal collector, and a lead output by the signal collector is connected with a weak signal conductive slip ring through the wiring frame and then is connected with a ground measurement and control center;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a strong current independent loop, the strong current independent loop controls and heats heating bodies (22) at different height positions in the high-temperature heating system to carry out high-temperature heating, and a strong current independent loop on the ground is connected into a wiring rack of the hypergravity experiment cabin through a centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring;
the high-temperature heating system is provided with a cooling gas loop, the cooling gas loop controls the flow of introduced cooling gas, and a cooling gas loop on the ground is connected into a cooling gas pipeline support and an exhaust pipe of the hypergravity experiment chamber through a centrifugal centrifuge main shaft conductive slip ring.
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| CN114561691A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-31 | 苏州中砥半导体材料有限公司 | Temperature field control device and method for indium phosphide crystal production process |
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