CN110612658B - 双向蓄电电池组的充电器 - Google Patents

双向蓄电电池组的充电器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110612658B
CN110612658B CN201880006757.8A CN201880006757A CN110612658B CN 110612658 B CN110612658 B CN 110612658B CN 201880006757 A CN201880006757 A CN 201880006757A CN 110612658 B CN110612658 B CN 110612658B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
charger
stage
battery pack
correcting
power factor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201880006757.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN110612658A (zh
Inventor
N·萨克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of CN110612658A publication Critical patent/CN110612658A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN110612658B publication Critical patent/CN110612658B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/006—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to power outlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0085—Partially controlled bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4283—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input by adding a controlled rectifier in parallel to a first rectifier feeding a smoothing capacitor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

本发明涉及用于电动汽车的蓄电电池组(5)的充电器(1)，其中，维也纳式整流器(3)的至少两个桥臂(31，32)包括连接在对应桥臂(31，32)的中点(310，320)的两侧的双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管(312，322，334)和二极管(313，323，333)，同时，其他桥臂(33)各自包括连接在对应桥臂(33)的中点(330)的两侧的两个二极管(332，333)；并且所述DC到DC转换器级(4)包括两个DC到DC转换设备(41，42)，这两个DC到DC转换设备各自在输入端处与功率因数的校正级(3)的所述输出电容器(37，38)之一并联连接并且在输出端处连接至所述电池组(5)的端子，使得所述充电器(1)能够允许电流从该电池组(5)传送至所述电网(2)。

Description

双向蓄电电池组的充电器
本发明涉及一种蓄电器的电池组的双向充电器。
在电气工程领域的现有技术中众所周知的是，蓄电器的电池组的充电器包括用于校正功率因数(也称为功率因数校正，PFC)的级，和用于将作为来自用于校正功率因数的级的输出而获得的DC电压和电流转换成适用于该电池组的充电电压/电流的DC到DC转换级。
参照现有技术图1，蓄电器5的电池组的充电器1(该充电器能够接收AC电压并且能够将该AC电压转换成用于对所述电池组进行充电的DC电压)是尤其众所周知的，所述充电器包括用于校正功率因数的级3以及DC到DC转换级4’，用于校正功率因数3的级包括诸如在文件EP94120245中描述的在脉宽调制模式中工作的维也纳式(Vienna)整流器3，该维也纳式整流器包括各自在用于校正功率因数的级3的两个输出端子P、N之间延伸的至少三个桥臂31、32、33，每个桥臂31、32、33能够在中点310、320、330处经由电感器311、321、331连接到电网2的相21、22、23，对于每个桥臂31、32、33，维也纳式整流器3包括既连接到对应桥臂31、32、33的中点310、320、330且又连接在用于校正功率因数的级3的输出中点M处的受控开关组件34、35、36；对于用于校正功率因数的级3的每个输出端子P、N，输出电容器37、38连接在对应输出端子P、N与用于校正功率因数的级3的输出中点M之间。DC到DC转换级包括连接在至用于校正功率因数的级3的输出端子P、N的端子的输入端处并且连接在至电池组5的端子的输出端处的DC到DC转换部件4’。
术语“桥臂”被理解为是指在电子学中众所周知的一种组件，其由与中点串联的两个部件(例如，二极管、晶体管、半导体闸流管)组成，该中点可被用作该两个部件之间的接触点。
这种类型的充电器相对有效。遗憾的是，这种类型的电充电器不是双向的。换句话讲，这种类型的整流器允许电流从AC电流或电压输入转换成DC负载，例如蓄电器，但其不允许存储在电池组中的电能在相反的方向上被传输至电气输入网络。
然而，在诸如电动汽车的应用中，除了对电池组进行充电的主要目的之外，以下对于此类充电器，将期望其能够允许存储在电池组中的电力被传输至电网(例如，在电能转售的上下文中)，或者允许将蓄电器用作外部电能来源。表达“能量回收模式”被采用。
因此，存在对能够在充电模式中工作并且能够在能量回收模式中工作的双向电池组充电器的需求，该双向电池组充电器有效且生产成本低廉。
本文提出的是一种用于电动汽车的蓄电器的电池组的充电器，该充电器能够接收AC电压并且能够将该AC电压转换成用于对所述电池组进行充电的DC电压，所述充电器包括用于校正功率因数的级和DC到DC转换级，用于校正功率因数的所述级包括在脉宽调制模式中工作的维也纳式整流器，该维也纳式整流器包括各自在用于校正功率因数的级的两个输出端子之间延伸的至少三个桥臂，每个桥臂能够在中点处经由电感器连接到电网的相，对于每个桥臂，所述维也纳式整流器包括既连接到所述对应桥臂的中点且又连接在用于校正功率因数的级的输出中点(M)处的受控开关组件，对于用于校正功率因数的级的每个输出端子(P、N)，输出电容器连接在所述对应输出端子(P、N)与用于校正功率因数的级的输出中点(M)之间。
所述维也纳式整流器的至少两个桥臂各自包括连接在对应桥臂的中点的两侧的单个双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管和二极管；并且所述DC到DC转换器级包括两个DC到DC转换设备，这两个DC到DC转换设备各自在输入端处与用于校正功率因数的级的所述输出电容器之一并联连接并且在输出端处连接至所述电池组的端子的输出端处的两个DC到DC转换设备，使得该充电器能够允许电流从该电池组流动至所述输入端子。当仅有两个桥臂包括双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管时，其他桥臂各自包括连接在对应桥臂的中点的两侧的两个二极管。
因此，能够获得仅包括很少数量的双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管的双向电池组充电器，即两个或三个双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管，取决于该双向电池组充电器所连接到的电网，从而在保持维也纳式整流器的有效性的同时允许降低生产成本。通过本发明的特定布置以及在DC到DC转换级中的两个隔离输出DC到DC转换器的有利的使用，能够减少双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管的数量。
有利地且非限制性地，两个桥臂旨在连接到单相电网的一个相，仅所述两个桥臂旨在连接到单相电网中的一个相。因此，此类充电器可相对简单地尤其通过对所使用的双向MOSFET的数量进行优化而适于单相电网。
有利地且非限制性地，三个桥臂各自旨在连接到三相电网中的一个相，三个桥臂中的每个桥臂包括连接在对应桥臂的中点的两侧的绝缘栅场效应晶体管和二极管。因此，此类充电器可相对简单地尤其通过对所使用的双向MOSFET的数量进行优化而适于三相电网。
有利地且非限制性地，至少一个双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管包括双向金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)。因此，能够在确保用于校正功率因数的级以相对最优方式而受控时对此类充电器的生产成本进行优化。
有利地且非限制性地，所述受控开关组件各自包括相对于彼此反向偏置连接的两个功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)。因此，该受控开关相对简单地被控制，展现出快速切换、并且生产成本低廉。
有利地且非限制性地，该充电器包括第一附加开关和第二附加开关，该第一附加开关安装在所述受控开关组件与用于校正功率因数的级的输出中点之间，该第二附加开关连接在所述受控开关组件与用于校正功率因数的级的输出端子之间，使得当第一附加开关闭合并且第二附加开关打开时，该充电器能够从电网对电池组进行充电，并且当第一附加开关打开并且第二附加开关闭合时，该充电器能够通过使用DC到DC转换级的两个DC到DC转换器而将存储在电池组中的能量传递至电网。因此，能够获得双向充电器，其允许在恢复模式中提供与对电池组进行充电时的可用电量相等的电量。
有利地且非限制性地，至少一个DC到DC转换器被额定为以11kW的功率工作。因此，该充电器适用于在高功率环境中工作，例如用于对电动汽车进行充电。
本发明还涉及一种电动汽车，该电动汽车包括诸如前文所述的蓄电器的电池组和电池组充电器。
根据阅读借助于非限制性指示并参照附图所提供的本发明的一个具体实施例的以下说明，本发明的其他特质和优点将会变得清楚，在附图中：
-图1为现有技术的电池组充电器的电路图；
-图2为根据本发明的第一实施例的单相电网的电池组充电器的电路图；
-图3为根据本发明的第二实施例的三相电网的电池组充电器的电路图；并且
-图4为根据本发明的第三实施例的三相电网的电池组充电器的电路图。
参照图2，蓄电器5的电池组的充电器1(尤其用于电动汽车)包括用于校正功率因数(更常见地被称为术语“功率因数校正”(PFC))的级3和DC到DC转换级4。
用于校正功率因数的级3允许对输入电压或电流进行整流并且允许对信号平滑化，使得在用于校正功率因数的级3的输出端处，将正弦、AC输入信号转换成DC信号。
就其本身而言，DC到DC转换级4允许DC输入电压被转换成另一种电压，以便对作为来自用于校正功率因数的级3的输出而获得的电压进行调整，以将该电压与用于对电池组5进行充电的所预期的电压进行匹配。
在此，用于校正功率因数的级3对应于维也纳式整流器，该维也纳式整流器为一种在脉宽调制模式中工作的电压整流设备。
该维也纳式整流器包括三个桥臂31、32、33，三个桥臂中的每个桥臂连接到两个输出端子P、N；正极端子P和负极端子N。
每个桥臂31、32、33具有受控开关组件34、35、36连接到的中点310、320、330。
每个受控开关组件34、35、36包括相对于彼此反向偏置连接的两个功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(更常见地被称为功率MOSFET)。表达“反向偏置”当指功率MOSFET的连接时被理解为指相对于同一开关的其他功率MOSFET在相反的方向上偏置的每个功率MOSFET的体二极管。
每个受控开关组件34、35、36既连接到对应桥臂31、32、33的中点310、320、330且又连接在用于校正功率因数的级3的输出中点M处。
这些受控开关组件34、35、36旨在基本上以与现有技术的维也纳式整流器的开关组件相同的方式受控。
在这个实施例中，第一桥臂31和第二桥臂32连接到单相电网2的相21的端子。第三桥臂33不连接到任何电相。
第三桥臂33包括两个二极管332、333，这两个二极管以与从用于校正功率因数的级3的输出端子P、N可见的相同的极性而连接在第三桥臂33的中点330的两侧。
每个桥臂31、32、33的二极管被连接，使得电流允许从负极端子N流动到正极端子P。
该第一桥臂31和第二桥臂32各自包括连接在负极端子N与对应臂31、32的中点310、320之间的二极管313、323(也称为整流二极管)。
第一桥臂31和第二桥臂32各自包括双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管312、322，在此为双向金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，更常见地被称为双向MOSFET。
由于使用电动汽车需要大电流，因此在此使用双向功率MOSFET。然而，此类组件还可适于小电流。
对于每个臂31、32，双向MOSFET 312、322被连接，使得MOSFET的体二极管以与连接在相同臂31、32上的二极管313、323相同的极性而被取向，如从用于校正功率因数的级3的输出端子P、N可见的。
对于用于校正功率因数的级3的每个输出端子P、N，输出电容器37、38连接在对应输出端子P、N与用于校正功率因数的级3的输出中点M之间。
DC到DC转换级4包括两个隔离的DC到DC转换设备41、42，更简单地被称为隔离DC到DC转换器41、42。
每个DC到DC转换器41、42在输入端处与输出电容器37、38并联连接。
在此，选择DC到DC转换器41、42，以便于能够以22kW的功率工作，但其将能够使本发明适于任何其他所期望的工作电源。
第一DC到DC转换器41连接在正极输出端子P与输出中点M之间，而第二DC到DC转换器42连接在负极输出端子N与输出中点M之间。
在输出端处，每个DC到DC转换器41、42连接到电池组5的端子。
以这种方式，对处于充电模式中的充电器的操作和控制与对现有技术中已知的基于维也纳式整流器的充电器的操作和控制基本上相同；然而，在这个实施例中，这个充电器为可逆的并且能够经由第一DC到DC转换器41、双向MOSFET 312、322和受控开关34、35而将存储在电池组5中的电力递送到电网2。双向MOSFET 312、322和受控开关34、35形成本领域技术人员已知的受控单相脉宽调制(PWM)桥逆变器(DC到AC转换器)。
在这个实施例中，DC到DC转换器41控制电容器37的端子两端的电压，使得这个电压高于电网2的峰值电压。因此，当开关312和35闭合(接通)并且开关322和34打开(断开)时，返回到该电网的电流正在增加；并且当开关312和35打开(断开)并且开关322和34闭合(接通)时，返回到该电网的电流正在减小，并且无论该电网电压的符号如何都是如此。此外，在正半周期期间，开关34和35或312和322可能是闭合的，以便使得该电流减小。然而，在负半周期期间，闭合开关34和35或开关312和322将使返回到该电网的电流增加。控制电流的斜率的符号的这种可能性允许返回到该电网的电流的正弦形式被控制，并且允许提供逆变器功能。
在这个实施例中，在单相电网2上，应注意的是，恢复功率(即在对电池组进行放电时的功率)低于用于对该电池组进行充电的最大功率P，这与以下事实有关：当放电时仅第一DC到DC转换器41额定P/2被使用，而当充电时，两个DC到DC转换器均被使用。
在第二实施例中，参照图3，充电器1连接到三相电网2’。
第二实施例的充电器1的结构与本发明的第一实施例的充电器的结构相同，但下文所指示的修改除外。
每个桥臂31、32、33连接到三相电网2’的相应相21、22、23。
因此，像本发明的第一实施例中的第一桥臂31和第二桥臂32一样，第三桥臂33在此包括双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管334，在此为双向金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，更常见地被称为双向MOSFET。
第三臂33的双向MOSFET 334被连接，使得MOSFET 334的体二极管以与连接在同一臂33上的二极管333相同的极性而被取向，如从用于校正功率因数的级3的输出端子P、N可见的。
因此，第三臂33的双向MOSFET 334对被连接在正极输出端子P与第三臂33的中点330之间(连接在第一实施例的充电器1上)的二极管332进行替换。
这种适应性然后使其能够获得双向充电器1，该双向充电器适用于连接到用于对电池组5进行充电的三相电网2’并适用于将由电池组5存储的能量经由第一DC到DC转换器41、双向MOSFET 312、322、334和受控开关34、35、36传输至三相电网2’。双向MOSFET 312、322、334和受控开关34、35、36形成本领域技术人员已知的受控三相脉宽调制(PWM)桥逆变器(DC到AC转换器)。在这个实施例中，DC到DC转换器41控制电容器37的端子两端的电压，使得这个电压高于电网2’的相之间的峰值电压。假定当充电器在能量回收模式中工作时，仅使用第一DC到DC转换器41，被递送的功率为在进行充电时的可用功率的一半。例如，在该充电器被设计为以22kW的功率对电池组进行充电的情况下，其将以11kW的功率在恢复模式中工作。
为了提高恢复功率，还提出了第三实施例，参照图4，在该图中，充电器1连接到三相电网2’。
充电器1与针对第二实施例所描述的充电器相同，但下文所指出的修改除外。
在用于校正功率因数的级3中，充电器1包括安装在受控开关组件34、35、36与用于校正功率因数的级的输出中点M之间的第一附加开关Q1。
在用于校正功率因数的级3中，充电器1还包括连接在受控开关组件34、35、36与负极输出端子N之间的第二附加开关Q2。
因此，以与充电器包括现有技术的维也纳式整流器相同的方式，当第一附加开关Q1闭合并且第二附加开关Q2打开时，该充电器能够从三相电网2’对电池组进行充电。
当第一附加开关Q1打开并且第二附加开关Q2闭合时，充电器1于是可以通过使用DC到DC转换级4的两个DC到DC转换器41、42将存储在电池组5中的电流传递到三相电网2’而在能量回收模式中工作。
在这个实施例中，DC到DC转换器41(42)，控制电容器37(28)的端子两端的电压，使得这个电压高于电网2’的相之间的峰值电压的一半。双向MOSFET 312、322、334和受控开关34、35、36形成本领域技术人员已知的受控三相脉宽调制(PWM)桥逆变器(DC到AC转换器)。
因此，能够以与在充电模式中的可用功率(例如，以22kW的功率)相同的功率在恢复模式中操作充电器1。
参照图2，通过将两个附加开关Q1和Q2定位在第一实施例的用于校正功率因数的级3中的相同位置处，包括两个附加开关Q1和Q2的此类充电器1可适于根据第一实施例的连接到单相电网2的充电器。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于电动汽车的蓄电器的电池组(5)的充电器(1)，该充电器能够接收AC电压并且能够将该AC电压转换成用于对所述电池组(5)进行充电的DC电压，所述充电器(1)包括用于校正功率因数的级(3)和DC到DC转换级(4)，用于校正功率因数的级(3)包括维也纳式整流器，该维也纳式整流器包括各自在用于校正功率因数的级(3)的两个输出端子(P，N)之间延伸的至少三个桥臂(31，32，33),
每个桥臂(31，32，33)能够在中点(310，320，330)处经由电感器(311，321，331)连接到电网的相(21，22，23)，
对于每个桥臂(31，32，33)，所述维也纳式整流器包括既连接到对应桥臂(31，32，33)的中点(310，320，330)又连接在用于校正功率因数的级(3)的输出中点(M)处的受控开关组件(34，35，36)；
对于用于校正功率因数的级(3)的每个输出端子(P，N)，输出电容器(37，38)连接在对应输出端子(P，N)与用于校正功率因数的级(3)的输出中点(M)之间，
其中，所述维也纳式整流器的至少两个桥臂(31，32)各自包括连接在该对应桥臂(31，32)的所述中点(310，320)的两侧的单个双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管(312，322，334)和二极管(313，323，333)，每个双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管被连接成使得该双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管的体二极管以与连接在相同桥臂上的二极管相同的极性而被取向；并且所述DC到DC转换级(4)包括两个DC到DC转换器(41，42)，这两个DC到DC转换器各自在输入端处与用于校正功率因数的级(3)的所述输出电容器(37，38)之一并联连接并且在输出端处连接至所述电池组(5)的端子，使得该充电器(1)能够允许电流从该电池组(5)流动至所述电网，
其特征在于，所述充电器(1)包括第一附加开关(Q1)和第二附加开关(Q2)，该第一附加开关安装在所述受控开关组件(34，35，36)与用于校正功率因数的级(3)的输出中点(M)之间，并且该第二附加开关连接在所述受控开关组件(34，35，36)与用于校正功率因数的级(3)的输出端子(N)之间，使得当该第一附加开关(Q1)闭合并且该第二附加开关(Q2)打开时，该充电器(1)能够从该电网对该电池组(5)进行充电，并且当该第一附加开关(Q1)打开并且该第二附加开关(Q2)闭合时，所述充电器(1)能够通过使用该DC到DC转换级(4)的这两个DC到DC转换器(41，42)而将存储在该电池组(5)中的能量传递至该电网。
2.如权利要求1所述的充电器(1)，其特征在于，两个桥臂(31，32)旨在连接到单相电网(2)中的一个相(21)，仅所述两个桥臂(31，32)包括连接在该对应桥臂(31，32)的中点(310，320)的两侧的双向 绝缘栅场效应晶体管(312，322)和二极管(313，323)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的充电器(1)，其特征在于，三个桥臂(31，32，33)各自旨在连接到三相电网(2’)中的一个相(21，22，23)，该三个桥臂(31，32，33)中的每个桥臂包括连接在该对应桥臂(31，32，33)的中点(310，320，330)的两侧的双向 绝缘栅场效应晶体管(312，322，334)和二极管(313，323，333)。
4.如权利要求1所述的充电器(1)，其特征在于，至少一个双向绝缘栅场效应晶体管(312，322，334)包括双向金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的充电器(1)，其特征在于，所述受控开关组件(34，35，36)各自包括相对于彼此反向偏置连接的两个功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的充电器(1)，其特征在于，至少一个DC到DC转换器(41、42)的额定功率为11kW。
7.一种电动汽车，包括如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的蓄电器的电池组(5)以及用于电池组(5)的充电器(1)。
CN201880006757.8A 2017-01-12 2018-01-09 双向蓄电电池组的充电器 Active CN110612658B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FRFR1750251 2017-01-12
FR1750251A FR3061819B1 (fr) 2017-01-12 2017-01-12 Chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs electriques bidirectionnel.
PCT/FR2018/050042 WO2018130773A1 (fr) 2017-01-12 2018-01-09 Chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs électriques bidirectionnel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110612658A CN110612658A (zh) 2019-12-24
CN110612658B true CN110612658B (zh) 2022-12-09

Family

ID=58669942

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201880006757.8A Active CN110612658B (zh) 2017-01-12 2018-01-09 双向蓄电电池组的充电器

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3568905B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110612658B (zh)
FR (1) FR3061819B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018130773A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3648322A1 (en) * 2018-10-30 2020-05-06 Mahle International GmbH On-board chargers (obc)
FR3089721B1 (fr) 2018-12-07 2021-09-17 Renault Sas Dispositif de charge réversible pour véhicule automobile
NL2022950B1 (en) * 2019-04-15 2020-10-22 Prodrive Tech Bv Electrical Converter
NL2023292B1 (en) * 2019-06-12 2021-01-21 Prodrive Tech Bv Electrical Converter
US20220278607A1 (en) * 2019-05-02 2022-09-01 Prodrive Technologies Innovation Services B.V. Electrical converter
EP4236048A3 (en) 2019-05-24 2023-10-25 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Integrated charger and motor control system comprising a transformer and multi-level power converters
CN110356268B (zh) * 2019-06-25 2021-08-03 华为技术有限公司 一种车载充放电装置和系统
CN110350796B (zh) * 2019-06-25 2020-11-06 华为技术有限公司 一种功率转换模块、车载充电机和电动汽车
AT523199B1 (de) * 2019-12-12 2022-09-15 Avl List Gmbh Stromrichtervorrichtung, Testsystem, sowie Verfahren zum Ansteuern einer Stromrichtervorrichtung
CN114337332B (zh) * 2020-09-30 2023-12-22 重庆美的制冷设备有限公司 三相电源变换电路、电路控制方法、线路板及空调器
CN115250075A (zh) * 2021-04-26 2022-10-28 佛山市顺德区美的电子科技有限公司 一种三相电源变换电路、家电设备、控制方法及装置
FR3138589A1 (fr) 2022-08-01 2024-02-02 Renault S.A.S Procédé de commande d’un chargeur électrique bidirectionnel
FI20225710A1 (fi) * 2022-08-09 2024-02-10 Lappeenrannan Lahden Teknillinen Yliopisto Lut Järjestelmä ja menetelmä sähkökemiallista prosessia varten
CN117977945A (zh) * 2022-10-25 2024-05-03 邯郸美的制冷设备有限公司 三相电源变换电路的控制方法、装置、设备和存储介质

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102739100B (zh) * 2012-06-11 2014-09-10 合肥工业大学 三电平三相四桥臂变流器
CN102891611B (zh) * 2012-06-30 2014-10-08 华为技术有限公司 五电平功率变换器及其控制方法、控制装置
CN105762919A (zh) * 2016-04-22 2016-07-13 刘昊洋 一种基于光伏的充电系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3568905B1 (fr) 2023-03-08
FR3061819B1 (fr) 2021-06-18
WO2018130773A1 (fr) 2018-07-19
FR3061819A1 (fr) 2018-07-13
CN110612658A (zh) 2019-12-24
EP3568905A1 (fr) 2019-11-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110612658B (zh) 双向蓄电电池组的充电器
AU2012302148B2 (en) Twin boost converter with integrated charger for ups
US9831778B2 (en) Power-converting device and power conditioner using the same
JP6454936B2 (ja) 電力変換装置、およびそれを用いたパワーコンディショナ
US10673320B2 (en) Snubber circuit and power conversion system including same
US9203323B2 (en) Very high efficiency uninterruptible power supply
CN113261191A (zh) 双向多端口功率转换系统及方法
US20180013291A1 (en) Bidirectional dc-dc converter, power conditioner, and distributed power system
US9979227B2 (en) Line interactive UPS
KR102371846B1 (ko) 전력 변환기를 이용한 배터리의 초기 충전시 과부하 방지 장치
EP2949035B1 (en) Ac-ac converter device
US20140369100A1 (en) Rectifier circuit
CN110995047B (zh) 多输入功率变换器及其控制方法和包括其的不间断电源
US11472305B2 (en) Charging circuit for a vehicle-side electrical energy store
US11760218B2 (en) Charging circuit for a vehicle-side electrical energy store
US20230253877A1 (en) Power factor correction and dc-dc multiplexing converter and uninterruptible power supply including the same
CN111543001A (zh) 具有ac正激电桥和改进的dc/dc拓扑的逆变器
CN117693892A (zh) 功率变换装置、控制方法及供电系统
CN112997396B (zh) 用于双向运行的适配器设备
KR20110063186A (ko) 양방향 전력제어 방식의 배터리 충전장치
US20230253879A1 (en) Charger, a multiplexing current conversion circuit and an uninterruptible power supply including the same
EP4318906A1 (en) Soft start circuit and converter
US20230030897A1 (en) Converter control device and controlling method
US20230353045A1 (en) Power conversion device
JP2017005897A (ja) 電力変換装置及びそれを用いたパワーコンディショナ

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant