CN110611320A - Double-fed wind turbine generator inertia and primary frequency modulation method based on super capacitor energy storage control - Google Patents
Double-fed wind turbine generator inertia and primary frequency modulation method based on super capacitor energy storage control Download PDFInfo
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- CN110611320A CN110611320A CN201910659997.4A CN201910659997A CN110611320A CN 110611320 A CN110611320 A CN 110611320A CN 201910659997 A CN201910659997 A CN 201910659997A CN 110611320 A CN110611320 A CN 110611320A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an inertia and primary frequency adjusting strategy of a double-fed wind turbine generator with super capacitor energy storage control, belonging to the technical field of new energy, wherein virtual inertia adjustment and primary frequency adjustment are realized by super capacitor control, so that the wind turbine generator is improved simply without adding extra additional control of the wind turbine generator, the super capacitor is connected with a direct current side bus capacitor of the double-fed wind turbine generator through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the charging and discharging power of a super capacitor energy storage device directly flows to a load side through a grid side converter. The strategy enables the fan to always operate in a maximum power point tracking state no matter under the condition that the load is increased or reduced, and the power generation benefit is greatly improved. If the load is reduced, controlling the super capacitor to charge and absorbing the redundant energy output by the fan; if the load is increased, the discharge of the super capacitor is controlled to meet the supply of the spare capacity required by primary frequency modulation, so that the frequency regulation capability is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a doubly-fed wind turbine generator inertia and primary frequency modulation method based on energy storage of a super capacitor, which is suitable for performing primary frequency adjustment on a doubly-fed wind turbine generator under all working conditions.
Background
According to data published by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the percentage of wind power in an Energy structure increases year by year since 2009, the average annual increase is 0.44%, 2017, wind power generation accounts for 5.6% of the global Energy demand, and the wind power permeability has a continuously increasing trend. The control strategy of the frequency converter of the double-fed wind turbine generator set can realize active and reactive decoupling and realize variable speed and constant frequency functions, and is one of mainstream models. The problems caused by the method are that the DFIG rotor rotating speed and the system frequency are not in a coupling relation, and the large-scale grid connection of wind power can reduce the system frequency modulation capability. In addition, the DFIG is usually in a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) running state, and there is no reserve capacity to perform frequency adjustment once, which further aggravates the frequency stabilization problem of wind power grid connection.
More researches are carried out at home and abroad aiming at the frequency response of the wind turbine generator, and mature control methods are provided to meet the construction requirements of power grid friendly wind power plants. For example, virtual inertia control and droop control are superposed on the basis of MPPT, so that the equivalent inertia and damping of the system are effectively increased, but the mechanical power captured by the DFIG is not changed by the droop control, so that the frequency drop speed can be relieved to a certain extent, and secondary frequency drop can be caused; if the DFIG load shedding operation is controlled in advance, a power margin can be reserved to enable the fan to continuously participate in frequency modulation. If the backup pitch angle is obtained directly through pitch angle adjustment and participates in frequency modulation, the mechanical adjustment precision is low, the speed is slow, and the fixation and the non-modulation of the common pitch angle in the actual operation are considered, so that the safety and the reliability of a pitch control system are facilitated, and the service life is prolonged. The other method adjusts a maximum power tracking curve, so that the fan runs on a suboptimal power curve to obtain a certain spare capacity, but overspeed control reduces the rotating speed regulation range under frequency rising disturbance and reduces the frequency regulation capacity. In addition, the two control modes do not consider the self power generation benefit of the DFIG, and the wind energy utilization rate is reduced. How to reasonably configure the adjusting mechanism of the wind turbine generator to relieve the relation between the power generation benefit and the system stability is a problem to be solved at present.
On the other hand, the energy storage device is widely applied to wind power plants, and in the existing method, a battery and a super capacitor bank energy storage unit are connected in parallel at the direct current bus side of the DFIG back-to-back converter so as to stabilize wind speed fluctuation and smooth power output; the superconducting energy storage unit is connected in parallel with the direct-current bus to improve the dynamic performance of the DFIG for dealing with low-voltage events, and the possibility is provided for the DFIG to be equipped with an energy storage device to participate in system frequency modulation.
Disclosure of Invention
In combination with the existing problems, a primary frequency regulation strategy of the double-fed wind turbine generator is required to be improved, the economical efficiency of DFIG operation and the system frequency stability are considered, and the inertia and primary frequency regulation strategy of the double-fed wind turbine generator based on the energy storage control of the super capacitor is provided. The strategy is improved on the basis of a maximum power tracking mode, when the load is reduced, the super capacitor is controlled to be charged, redundant electric energy generated by the double-fed wind turbine generator is absorbed, the frequency rise is restrained, and the frequency regulation capacity is improved; when the system load is increased, the energy storage device provides spare capacity for the wind turbine generator to participate in system frequency modulation, and the DFIG has primary frequency regulation capacity under all working conditions on the basis of no loss of power generation benefits; the frequency regulation capability of the generator can be better than that of the traditional overspeed load shedding control without pitch angle regulation under the scene of random fluctuation of source load, and the power generation benefit is obviously improved.
In order to prevent overcharge or overdischarge, whether the current SOC state of the super-capacitor energy storage system meets the SOC needs to be judged firstlymin≤SOC(t)≤SOCmaxA constraint condition. After the SOC constraint is met, the disturbance type is judged according to the load prediction module, the super-capacitor energy storage system starts to charge and discharge under droop control, and the reference value of the output power is Pref_scss＝KscssΔf，KscssThe droop coefficient of the super capacitor energy storage system is shown. When the frequency of the system is reduced, the super-capacitor energy storage system continuously discharges, and when the frequency is increased, the wind turbine generator charges the super-capacitor energy storage system, so that the power output is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of ultracapacitor control under load disturbance.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a control strategy of the super capacitor energy storage system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DFIG energy storage configuration.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of constant power charge and discharge of a super capacitor.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the efficiency of a super capacitor energy storage device
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a control principle of a super capacitor under load disturbance, namely, energy storage control and virtual inertia control of the super capacitor are added on the basis of maximum power tracking control. By adding the virtual inertia, the system response speed is high, and the frequency transient stability of the system is improved. The super capacitor energy storage is used for participating in frequency modulation control, so that the frequency regulation capacity can be improved. Virtual inertia adjustment and primary frequency adjustment are realized by the control of the super capacitor.
FIG. 2 is a control schematic block diagram of a super capacitor energy storage system, and first, it is determined whether the current SOC state of the super capacitor energy storage system satisfies the SOCmin≤SOC(t)≤SOCmaxA constraint condition. After the SOC constraint is met, the super capacitor energy storage system starts to charge and discharge under droop control, and the reference value of the output power is Pref_scss＝KscssΔ f. When the frequency of the system is reduced, the super-capacitor energy storage system continuously discharges, and when the frequency is increased, the wind turbine generator charges the super-capacitor energy storage system, so that the power output is reduced.
Fig. 3 is a scheme diagram of a configuration scheme of a super capacitor energy storage device participating in primary frequency modulation of a system, wherein a super capacitor is connected with a direct-current side bus capacitor of a double-fed wind turbine generator through a bidirectional DC/DC converter. The rotor side and the grid side converter of the double-fed wind turbine generator set can maintain an original control mode, the grid side converter is used for maintaining the stability of the voltage of a direct-current bus capacitor, and therefore the charging and discharging power of the super capacitor energy storage device directly flows to the load side through the grid side converter.
The capacity configuration of the energy storage unit needs to meet the primary frequency regulation requirement under sudden load increase or sudden load decrease disturbance, and if the capacity of the energy storage device is too small, sufficient spare capacity cannot be provided to participate in frequency regulation; if the capacity of the energy storage device is too large, the cost of the energy storage system is increased, and a certain amount of capacity is wasted. Therefore, in combination with the above factors, the capacity of the energy storage device needs to be set reasonably.
The energy storage device of the super capacitor is in a constant power charging and discharging mode, and fig. 4(a) and (b) show schematic diagrams of charging and discharging. Wherein the charging power is PcDischarge power of PdThe voltage at both ends of the capacitor is UcThe voltage at two ends of the super capacitor energy storage device is U, the charging and discharging depth is d ═ 1-gamma, and γ ═ Umin/UmaxThe lowest working voltage of the super capacitor is U as the voltage ratiominThe highest working voltage is Umax. As shown in fig. 4, the voltage across the super capacitor is as follows:substituting the capacitance-current equation can obtain:therefore, the charging power of the super capacitor can be obtained as follows:at time TcInternal, secondary voltage U across the supercapacitorminRaised to the highest voltage UmaxIn the whole charging process, the electric energy charged by the super capacitor energy storage device is as follows:the actual electric energy charged into the energy storage device isTherefore, the efficiency of the super capacitor energy storage device in the constant power charging mode is shown as follows:in a similar manner, at time TdThe voltage of the inner and the super capacitor energy storage devices is controlled by the highest voltage UmaxTo UminThe released energy in the whole discharging process is as follows:the electric energy released by the energy storage device is as follows:the discharge efficiency is obtained by integration:in summary, the charge-discharge efficiency of the super capacitor energy storage device provided herein can be obtained as follows:in order to maximize the efficiency of the super Capacitor energy storage device, the voltage of the super Capacitor module should be relatively large, and the voltage of a single Capacitor (SC for short) is usually not high, about 2.5V, so that the high-voltage large Capacitor module can be formed by connecting a plurality of SCs in series and parallel to meet the requirement of high-power energy storage. If the energy storage device is formed by connecting m groups of super capacitor modules in series and connecting n groups of super capacitor modules in parallel, the maximum value of the output power is as follows according to the maximum power output theorem:and the formula that should ensure that the output power state when the super capacitor reaches the minimum voltage is full power output:the energy storage device efficiency curve shown in fig. 5 can be obtained.
Claims (4)
1. A doubly-fed wind turbine generator inertia and primary frequency modulation method based on super-capacitor energy storage control under all working conditions is characterized in that a super capacitor is connected with a direct-current side bus capacitor of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an original control mode can be maintained by a rotor side and a grid side converter, the grid side converter maintains the stability of the direct-current bus capacitor voltage, and charge and discharge power controlled through the droop of a super-capacitor energy storage device flows to a load side through the grid side converter.
2. A doubly-fed wind turbine generator inertia and primary frequency modulation method based on super capacitor energy storage control under all working conditions is characterized in that the action time of super capacitor energy storage is consistent with the action time of starting overload or load shedding operation of a wind turbine generator. If the load is increased, the discharge of the super capacitor is controlled to realize the supply of the standby capacity required during primary frequency modulation; if the load is reduced, the super capacitor is controlled to be charged to absorb redundant electric energy generated by the double-fed wind turbine generator, so that the double-fed wind turbine generator is always in a maximum power tracking mode, and the maximum power generation benefit is achieved.
3. A doubly-fed wind turbine generator inertia and primary frequency modulation method based on super capacitor energy storage control under all working conditions is characterized in that cost and charging and discharging efficiency problems of a super capacitor bank are comprehensively considered, and energy storage unit capacity is optimally configured. The super capacitor adopts a constant power discharge mode, the charge-discharge efficiency of the super capacitor is in direct proportion to the maximum working voltage, the output power state is ensured to be full power output when the super capacitor reaches the minimum voltage, and the high-power energy storage requirement is met by forming a high-voltage large-capacitance module through a plurality of SCs in series and parallel connection.
4. A doubly-fed wind turbine generator inertia and primary frequency modulation method based on super capacitor energy storage control under all working conditions is characterized in that virtual inertia adjustment and primary frequency adjustment are achieved through control of a super capacitor, therefore, improvement of the wind turbine generator is simple and easy, extra additional control of the wind turbine generator is not needed, and the super capacitor expansion function is achieved.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112636374A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-04-09 | 沈阳微控新能源技术有限公司 | Primary frequency modulation and virtual inertia response control method and device for wind power station |
| CN113595154A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-02 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Wind turbine generator system power grid inertia frequency modulation method and system |
| CN113972668A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-25 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Wind-storage combination-based power system electromagnetic transient control method |
| CN115912397A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-04-04 | 华清安泰能源股份有限公司 | Wind storage coordinated frequency modulation control method, system and equipment for double-fed wind turbine generator |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112636374A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-04-09 | 沈阳微控新能源技术有限公司 | Primary frequency modulation and virtual inertia response control method and device for wind power station |
| CN112636374B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-05-14 | 沈阳微控新能源技术有限公司 | Primary frequency modulation and virtual inertia response control method and device for wind power station |
| CN113595154A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-02 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Wind turbine generator system power grid inertia frequency modulation method and system |
| CN113972668A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-25 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Wind-storage combination-based power system electromagnetic transient control method |
| CN113972668B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2024-03-12 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Wind-storage-combination-based electromagnetic transient control method for power system |
| CN115912397A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-04-04 | 华清安泰能源股份有限公司 | Wind storage coordinated frequency modulation control method, system and equipment for double-fed wind turbine generator |
| CN115912397B (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2024-03-15 | 华清安泰能源股份有限公司 | Frequency modulation control method, system and equipment for wind-storage-coordinated double-fed wind turbine generator |
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