CN110607893A - 适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板 - Google Patents

适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板 Download PDF

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CN110607893A
CN110607893A CN201910099094.5A CN201910099094A CN110607893A CN 110607893 A CN110607893 A CN 110607893A CN 201910099094 A CN201910099094 A CN 201910099094A CN 110607893 A CN110607893 A CN 110607893A
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panel according
layer
panel
ceramic
stone
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托马斯·卢克·马丁·贝尔特
汤姆·范·波尔
斯万·伯恩
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CHINAFLOORS TIMBER (CHINA) Co.,Ltd.
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Champion United International
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/002—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising natural stone or artificial stone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/042—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/4572—Partial coating or impregnation of the surface of the substrate
    • C04B41/4574—Coating different parts of the substrate with different materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0866—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels or layered panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • B32B2607/02—Wall papers, wall coverings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

本发明涉及一种适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板，所述镶板具有大致平坦的顶部表面、大致平坦的底表面和至少一个侧边缘，其中所述镶板具有层压结构，所述层压结构包含芯层和固定到所述芯层的顶层，所述芯层主要由包含陶瓷材料与粘合剂的混合物的复合材料构成，其中所述顶层优选地包含石材、陶瓷、真石材饰面板或者陶瓷或瓷器陶瓷或石材马赛克。

Description

适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板(panel)，具体地适于构造硬地板、墙体、天花板或家具的覆盖装置。
背景技术
在所属领域中已经知道用于构造硬地板或墙体覆盖装置的多种技术方案。几个世纪以来，木地板和石材、陶瓷、瓷器或石材马赛克一直很受欢迎。然而，现在不再无限制地使用例如木材和石材等天然材料，而且已经变得非常昂贵。对于加工过的原材料例如瓷器和马赛克，情况更是如此。另外，需要专门技术来铺设木地板或石材、陶瓷、瓷器或马赛克地板，这使得这种地板的铺设更加昂贵，并且此外还具有木材和石材的固有缺点。木材的缺点是容易损坏，并且其尺寸稳定性差，特别是在环境温度和湿度易于变化的情况下。石材和瓷器以及马赛克需要水泥或使用胶水，并且其重量是不利因素，这使得它们并不适于某些情况。通过砂浆或水泥将砖片(tile)粘附到基体(例如干的墙体、木材、石膏、混凝土)的另一个缺点在于，在不受损坏的情况下这些砖片相对难于被移除，从而阻止它们有效地重复使用或改变用途。
在最近十年中，层压镶板作为木地板或石材地板的替代品而受到欢迎。层压镶板受到欢迎的原因在于，其价格相对较低并且易于铺设-不需要太专业的技能或工具。重量轻且高度相对较小也可被认为是有益的。然而，尽管变得越来越复杂，但是顶层的外观通常包含这种层压件的木材或石材的印刷图像，可能不为人所欣赏或者不适用于所有目的。另外，人们可能不喜欢制造层压件的塑料或塑料部件并且对VOC(挥发性有机化合物)和CMR(致癌物、致突变物和肾毒素)的排放或对于这种层压件的持久性可能有所担忧。例如，在本行业中公知的是，层压件中使用的树脂是不可降解的，而其废物的行业处理将有害毒素释放到环境中。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板，所述镶板没有现有技术中的木地板、石材、石材马赛克、陶瓷、瓷器或层压地板的至少一些缺点，或者至少提供适用于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的现有镶板的有利替代物。
本发明随此提出一种适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板，所述镶板具有大致平坦的顶部表面、大致平坦的底表面和至少三个侧边缘，其中所述镶板具有层压结构，所述层压结构包含芯层和固定到所述芯层的顶层，所述芯层主要由包含矿物或陶瓷材料与粘合剂的混合物的复合材料构成，其中所述顶层优选地包含矿物、石材、真石材饰面板、陶瓷或瓷器陶瓷(porcelain ceramic)或石材马赛克、塑料、热塑性材料(如PVC)和/或热固性材料(尤其是树脂)、纸或者两种或多种上述材料的混合物。所述侧边缘可以但不一定是大致线性的。在一个优选实施方式中，所述侧边缘是大致线性的并且可以显示约1-5度的向外的角度，以避免相邻砖片之间的任何间隙。另一个设想的实施方式可具有下述特征：大致线性的边缘和互锁机构。第三实施方式的特征在于具有非线性边缘，并且在将砖片粘附到基体之后需要添加勾缝剂(grout)。
根据本发明的镶板的优势在于它看起来和摸起来是巨大的石材、陶瓷瓷器或马赛克地板，但是它没有重量较大、铺设麻烦和影响天然资源等缺点，因为支撑顶层的芯层使得人们能够使用较薄的石材、陶瓷瓷器或马赛克层。根据本发明的镶板还具有层压镶板的优点：易于使用、厚度较小且重量较低、可重复使用并且可再生。与传统的大块石材、陶瓷瓷器等相比，砖片重量较轻还解决了在重力和振动等的影响下移动的问题。镶板的低密度还具有的优点是，由此获得的声学特性更好，也就是说，噪声的传输、反射和影响能够更有效地衰减。另外，不需要实施在铺设常规石材砖片时所需的混凝土找平工序。
另外，对矿物或陶瓷材料与粘合剂的混合物的选择提供了获得比根据现有技术的层压件更天然类型的地板的机会。通过根据本发明提出的组合消除了根据现有技术的含塑料的层压芯的特别不健康的影响。另外，根据本发明的地板镶板可以在对环境的危害较小甚至没有危害的情况下再生甚至重复使用，这将满足更加循环经济的当前需求(远离所谓的“索取、制造和丢弃”经济模式)。
具体实施方式
在优选实施方式中，顶层包含2-7mm的真石材饰面板、陶瓷或瓷器陶瓷或石材马赛克。与大块石材或陶瓷砖片相比，这些厚度提供了重量较轻并且对天然资源的影响较小的益处。这些考虑因素决定了受到的限制更大。由石材和陶瓷的材料处理和使用者对外观和触觉的体验需求以及例如当在镶板上踩踏或行走时产生的可接受的声音所设定的要求来确定较低限制。
为了尤其保护顶层的最薄实施方式，所述顶层可以通过中间增强层固定到芯层。该层减少了在铺设或处理期间可能破裂的材料的浪费，并且因此能够更有效地使用。
这种增强层可包含密度不同于顶层或基层并且还具有更大柔性的材料，所述材料可以通过冷压或热压施加到顶层和芯层。该增强层还用于改善顶层的抗冲击性，并且优选地由天然材料例如软木制成，或者由可生物降解的聚合物或可再生聚合物如RPET构成。其它可能的实施方式为：乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或辐射交联的聚乙烯，优选地其密度大于80kg/m3、更优选地大于133kg/m3、最优选地大于200kg/m3，同时优选地密度低于所述顶层或底部层以使根据本发明的整个镶板的重量保持在尽可能低的水平。通常，对于增强层来说，出于环境考虑，优选地使用不含塑料或可生物降解的材料。基于橡胶或乳胶基的替代物被认为不太合适，因为它们是已知的过敏源。
为了实现成品建筑材料的可重复使用性/可再生性并由此减少废料，并且为了便于根据本发明的镶板的铺设，在一个可能的实施方式中，所述镶板包含至少一对对置侧边缘，所述对置侧边缘设置有互连耦接装置以便将一个镶板与另一个镶板互连。这种组合不限于但是更容易制作成具有四个侧边的基本上为矩形的镶板。
在另一可能的实施方式中添加了(接收性)底层，所述底层优选地包含陶瓷颗粒，例如Fe2O3。这些颗粒还可以掺入芯层的晶体或分子结构中。在该最后的实施方式中，本发明对现有技术的改进在于：这些颗粒嵌设在材料中；本领域已知在底层的表面上涂覆磁性饰面材料，但这种涂覆层容易被破坏或移除。所述底层优选地包含磁性和/或可磁化颗粒，例如包含铁和/或镍和/或钴的颗粒。该接收层可用于将镶板固定在磁性基体上，该磁性固定具有在水平和竖直方向上都有效的优点。竖直方向上的固定不需要能够承受极大的力，因为砖片本身具有重量，并且除了真空清洁目的之外，在正常使用期间通常不施加向上的竖直力。磁性固定的额外益处在于：它随时可以被再次移除，并且原则上也不需要另外的固定件-例如舌状部和槽或棘爪，这也允许所述镶板具有更复杂的样式例如人字形或鱼骨样式。特别地，通过使用磁性底层可以消除通常由舌状部和槽或棘爪设置的砖片或镶板的相对定向的限制，因为随此获得了自由选择相对铺设的次序。作为进一步的结果，所述镶板的形状可以在更广的范围内进行选择。然而，可以想象将磁性(或可磁化)底层与前述互连耦接装置，例如舌状部和槽，组合。磁性(或可磁化)底层的存在允许镶板之间具有较弱的机械连接，这在镶板的生产、安装(拆除)和使用期间是有利的。可以想到的是，所述芯包含磁性和/或可磁化颗粒。可以想象的是，所述耦接装置的至少一部分-例如舌状部和/或槽，设置有或者包含磁性和/或可磁化的颗粒，这可以导致锁定效应-其中存在机械力和磁力以便共同固定(紧固)镶板。在此，可以想象的是，所述舌状部(或槽)设置有可通过磁性涂层形成的磁性颗粒，而(互补的)槽(或舌状部)设置有可磁化颗粒，在耦接期间，所述可磁化颗粒将被磁化。本发明克服了一般的偏见，即石材砖片应当优选地用水泥或胶水安装并且在它们生命周期结束时难以移除或更换。
接收性陶瓷基底层与石材或真石饰面板或者陶瓷或瓷器陶瓷或石材马赛克的组合的进一步协同作用，是砖片可完全在竖直(向下)方向上铺设，因此不需要转弯，这降低了石材、陶瓷或瓷器边缘有碎片掉落的风险。
还有一个优点是，本发明因此能够形成无接头的石材、陶瓷或瓷器地板或墙体覆盖装置。替代性地，如果想要有接头或勾缝剂，那么其尺寸或宽度可完全自由选择，而根据现有技术的层压件则不是这样的，其中在制造阶段就确定了勾缝宽度。
在该实施方式中，所述侧边缘尤其是平的-即没有互连耦接装置，特别是没有舌状部和/或槽并且尤其是没有棘爪系统，并且通常采用允许将镶板头部彼此抵靠而不需要中间空间或接头来进行铺设的构造。
如上所述，根据本发明的镶板具有至少一个侧边缘-在这种情况下，所述镶板在逻辑上必须围成封闭的形状，但是其可以具有任何形状：从圆形到三角形、到五边形或六边形。根据本发明的镶板的可能尺寸为从10cm×10cm、30cm×60cm、45cm×45cm到90cm×90cm。上述所有实施方式也可以具有四个大致线性的边缘，这就使得层压镶板的铺设相对容易，并且可以对其进行一般的运输和包装，因为层压镶板能够被附着。
在根据本发明的镶板的进一步优选实施方式中，所述复合材料基层包含矿物或陶瓷化合物，例如MgO、Mg(OH)2、MgCl2、MgSO4或CaCO3，其重量百分比大于1％、优选地大于20％、最优选地大于40％。这些芯材料-不像塑料成分那样(既不知道也不认定是)具有不利于人们健康的缺点。在一个优选实施方式中，记录了具有中等至高密度(2000kg/m3)芯的良好结果，其中CaCO3的重量百分比为70％，在另一个实施方式中，中等至低密度(1400kg/m3)，MgO基芯由于芯材料的相对孔隙率而显示出更好的声学性能。由于芯密度优选地低于顶层(陶瓷砖片的密度约为2200kg/m3，实心石材的密度约为2800kg/m3、瓷器的密度约为2400kg/m3)，与传统实心石材或陶瓷地板相比，重量得以显著地降低。
复合材料基层可进一步包含下述物质作为粘合剂：热塑性或热固性聚合物、更优选地可生物降解的聚合物、最优选地天然木质纤维素纤维，或者次要的可大量获得的矿物或陶瓷化合物。对于芯的柔韧性低于顶层的记录结果显示，抗断裂性得以改进。
由于上述原因，本发明的所有实施方式优选地包含无塑料的芯层，更优选地包含完全不含塑料的镶板，最优选地包含基本上可生物降解的镶板。
可以将对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述的所有特征进行组合并且给出的示例绝不限制由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围。

Claims (22)

1.一种适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板，具有大致平坦的顶部表面、大致平坦的底部表面和至少一个侧边缘，
其中所述镶板具有层压结构，所述层压结构包含:
-芯层，
所述芯层主要由包含矿物或陶瓷材料与粘合剂的混合物的复合材料构成，
-顶层，
所述顶层固定到所述芯层；
其特征在于，所述顶层包含矿物、石材或真石材饰面板、或者陶瓷或瓷器陶瓷或石材马赛克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镶板，其中所述顶层包含2-7mm真石材饰面板、陶瓷或瓷器陶瓷或石材马赛克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的镶板，其中所述顶层通过至少一个中间增强层固定到所述芯层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的镶板，其中所述增强层包含的材料优选是天然材料-例如软木、可生物降解的或可再生的聚合物-例如RPET、或者乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或辐照交联的聚乙烯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的镶板，其中所述增强层是低密度层，其密度优选地大于80kg/m3、更优选地大于133kg/m3、最优选地大于200kg/m3。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，包含固定到所述芯层的后侧的底层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的镶板，其中所述底层优选地含有大于1％的陶瓷材料、更优选地含有大于20％的陶瓷材料、最优选地大于40％的陶瓷材料。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的镶板，其中所述底层包含可磁化颗粒。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述底层包含磁性颗粒。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述芯包含可磁化颗粒。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述芯包含磁性颗粒。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中至少一对对置侧边缘是基本上平的，即，没有互连耦接装置-尤其是没有舌状部和/或槽并且更尤其是没有棘爪系统。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述芯层包含至少一对对置侧边缘，所述侧边缘设置有互连耦接装置以便将一个镶板与另一个镶板互连。
14.根据权利要求13所述的镶板，其中所述耦接装置的至少一部分包含可磁化颗粒。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的镶板，其中所述耦接装置的至少一部分包含磁性颗粒。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述复合材料基层包含矿物或陶瓷化合物，例如MgCl2、MgSO4、MgO、Mg(OH)2或CaCO3，其重量百分比大于1％、优选地大于10％、最优选地大于20％。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述复合材料基层包含下述物质作为粘合剂：热塑性或热固性聚合物、更优选地可生物降解的聚合物、最优选地木质纤维素纤维，或者次要的可大量获得的矿物或陶瓷化合物。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，所述镶板优选地包含无塑料芯层，更优选地所述镶板完全不含塑料，最优选地所述镶板主要是可生物降解的。
19.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述芯层的柔韧性低于所述顶层的柔韧性。
20.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述芯层的密度低于所述顶层的密度。
21.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中所述顶层通过熔融来固定到所述芯层。
22.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的镶板，其中在所述顶层与所述芯层之间没有粘合剂层。
CN201910099094.5A 2018-06-15 2019-01-31 适于构造地板或墙体覆盖装置的镶板 Pending CN110607893A (zh)

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CN113719062A (zh) * 2020-05-26 2021-11-30 财纳福诺木业(中国)有限公司 镶板和制造镶板的方法
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CN110886463A (zh) * 2018-09-10 2020-03-17 冠军联合国际公司 包含陶瓷材料或天然石材的地板镶板
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