CN110603710B - Communication device, communication method, and communication system - Google Patents

Communication device, communication method, and communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110603710B
CN110603710B CN201780090436.6A CN201780090436A CN110603710B CN 110603710 B CN110603710 B CN 110603710B CN 201780090436 A CN201780090436 A CN 201780090436A CN 110603710 B CN110603710 B CN 110603710B
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power outage
period
notification message
communication device
power
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CN110603710A (en
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川岛佑毅
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

Abstract

The communication device of the present invention is a communication device constituting a wireless multi-hop mesh network, in which, when a power outage is detected, a set power outage notification period is divided into a 1 st period and a 2 nd period, and a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting in the 1 st period and a power outage notification message is transmitted again by unicast in the 2 nd period, and therefore, it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message for confirming whether or not the power outage notification message transmitted in the 1 st period has arrived at the communication device of the parent device, and the communication load can be reduced.

Description

Communication device, communication method, and communication system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a communication device constituting a wireless multi-hop network.
Background
Regarding the power outage notification using the conventional wireless multi-hop network, when the electric meter detects the interruption of the power supply from the primary power supply, the wireless function provided in the electric meter is activated by the secondary power supply provided in the electric meter to transmit a power outage notification message. In this way, the wireless function is operated by the secondary power supply, and thereby the upper device is notified of the occurrence of the power outage (power outage notification) (for example, patent document 1 and patent document 2).
In patent document 1, a wireless device capable of detecting a power failure is provided in addition to an ammeter in a substation or a transformer. When a power outage occurs, a power outage notification message is transmitted to an ammeter connected to a system different from the power system in which the power outage has occurred, using information of the power system, whereby the probability of the power outage notification reaching the host device is improved.
In patent document 2, when power is not supplied from the primary power supply for a predetermined period, it is determined that the node fails, and a power failure notification is sent to the upper node itself during a reporting period (reporting period). At this time, since many nodes transmit notifications at once, congestion and collision of traffic occur. Therefore, in order to prevent this, the reporting period of the power outage notification is divided into reporting windows (reporting window=reporting period)/(hop) +1) according to the number of hops from the master of the user. Then, by transmitting a power outage notification at random transmission waiting times within the window, the transmission opportunity of a node remote from the parent (having a large number of hops) is increased. Further, the upper node merges the power outage notification received from the lower node with the notification of the upper node, thereby reducing congestion in notification transmission.
Patent document 1: U.S. patent application publication No. 2014/0085105 specification
Patent document 2: U.S. Pat. No. 8970394 Specification
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The conventional techniques are all techniques for improving the arrival rate of the power outage notification to the higher-level device, and do not consider characteristics corresponding to the scale (number of power outage). There are cases where the power outage notification differs in the limit time required to reach the upper device when a single node is powered down and when a plurality of nodes are powered down. For example, in the case of a single power outage, notification is required to be completed immediately within several tens of seconds, whereas in the case of a plurality of power outages, notification is required to be completed after several minutes. However, in the prior art, it is impossible to determine whether a node is a single power failure or a plurality of power failures, and transmission must be performed in a short time to reach a higher-level device. As a result, in the case of a plurality of power failures, there is a possibility that congestion occurs, the time for reporting the power failure notification is exceeded, and the arrival rate of the power failure notification to the master is lowered.
In addition, in a small-scale power outage, since there are nodes without power outage, there is a possibility that table lookup data (measured value data) obtained by measuring power in general collides with a power outage notification.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to adjust a time required for notifying a power failure according to a power failure occurrence scale.
Means for solving the problems
The communication device according to the present invention is a communication device constituting a wireless multi-hop mesh network, comprising: a power outage detection unit that detects a power outage of a power supply supplied to the communication device; a power outage information processing unit that, when the power outage detection unit detects a power outage, divides a set power outage notification period into a 1 st period and a 2 nd period, generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting during the 1 st period, and generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast during the 2 nd period; and a wireless communication control unit that transmits a frame including the power outage information to the other communication device.
Effects of the invention
When a power failure is detected, the communication device of the present invention divides a set power failure notification period into a 1 st period and a 2 nd period, and transmits a power failure notification message by broadcasting in the 1 st period and transmits a power failure notification message again by unicast in the 2 nd period, so that it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message for confirming whether the power failure notification message transmitted in the 1 st period arrives at the master, and the communication load can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an automatic lookup table system 600 as an application target of a communication device (slave unit) 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a functional configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a hardware configuration diagram of the communication device (master 21) in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a functional configuration diagram of the master 21 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a period during which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention notifies of a power failure.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a case where the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention reaches the master unit 21 by broadcasting a power outage notification.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a case where the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention arrives at the master unit 21 with a power outage notification by unicast.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a timing at which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention transmits a power outage notification message during a power outage notification period.
Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage information processing unit 28 of the master 21 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention notify of a power failure by broadcasting.
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention notify a power failure by unicast.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the timing at which the plurality of slave units 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention transmit the power outage notification message during the power outage notification.
Fig. 17 is a flowchart showing an operation in the case where a power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1 when the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power outage in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a flowchart showing an operation when the slave unit 1 itself detects a power failure and also receives a power failure notification message from another slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a flowchart showing an operation of transmitting a power outage notification message only during a large-scale use period when the slave unit 1 itself in embodiment 1 of the present invention detects a power outage.
Fig. 20 is a flowchart showing an operation of forwarding a power outage notification message only during a large-scale use when the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power outage in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the communication device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an automatic lookup table system 600 as an application target of a communication device (slave unit) 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, an automatic meter lookup system 600 for electric meters is composed of a wireless mesh network A100-a, a wireless mesh network B100-B, a wireless mesh network C100-C, a WAN (Wide Area Network: wide area network) 200, and a server 300.
The wireless mesh network a100-a connects the subordinate slaves 1-a to n via a wireless network having a tree structure with the master (communication device) a21-a as a vertex. The wireless mesh network B100-B and the wireless mesh network C100-C have the same structure as the wireless mesh network a 100-a. The wireless mesh network B100-B takes the master machine B21-B as the vertex, the sub machines are connected through the wireless network with the tree structure, and the wireless mesh network C100-C takes the master machine C21-C as the vertex, and the sub machines are connected through the wireless network with the tree structure. The master a21-a, the master B21-B, and the master C21-C are connected to the server 300 via the WAN 200.
Fig. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 2, the slave unit 1 is constituted by: a central processing unit 2 for performing calculation; a memory 3 storing programs or data; a transceiver 4 and an antenna 5 for performing wireless transmission and reception; a secondary power supply 6 for temporarily operating the slave unit 1 when the power supply from a primary power supply (not shown) to the slave unit 1 is cut off; and a measuring device 7 that measures the amount of power (used power amount) used by the equipment using the primary power source.
Fig. 3 is a functional configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 3, the slave unit 1 includes a power outage detection unit 8, a power outage information processing unit 9, a measurement information processing unit 10, a mesh network control unit 12, a wireless medium access control unit 13, and a wireless communication control unit 14. The power outage information processing unit 9 and the measurement information processing unit 10 are also referred to as a message processing unit 11.
The processing of the radio communication control unit 14 and the radio medium access control unit 13 is performed by the transceiver 4 of fig. 2. The processing performed by the grid network control unit 12, the measurement information processing unit 10, the outage information processing unit 9, and the outage detection unit 8 is realized by the central processing unit 2 reading and executing a program stored in the memory 3. The measurement information processing unit 10 receives the measurement value of the measurement device 7 shown in fig. 2. The power outage detection unit 8 controls the activation of the secondary power supply 6 of fig. 2.
Hereinafter, each configuration of the slave unit 1 will be described.
The power outage detection unit 8 is connected to the primary power supply and the secondary power supply of fig. 2, and the power outage information processing unit 9. The power outage detection unit 8 detects a power outage of the primary power supply by detecting a voltage drop of the primary power supply supplied to the slave unit 1 itself. Then, the power outage start timer is started at the same time as the secondary power supply of fig. 2 is started, and if the power supply of the primary power supply is not restored yet when the power outage start timer expires, an instruction to notify the power outage processing (power outage notification processing) is output to the power outage information processing unit 9.
The outage information processing unit 9 is connected to the outage detection unit 8 and the grid control unit 12. When an instruction for the power outage notification process is input from the power outage detection unit 8, the power outage information processing unit 9 divides a preset power outage notification period into a small-scale use period (corresponding to period 1 of the first half) and a large-scale use period (corresponding to period 2 of the second half). The small-scale use period is a period in which a single small-scale power outage notification is required to be completed, and is set in advance. Then, power outage information in which a power outage notification message is broadcast to the peripheral terminal (other child device 1 or parent device 21) during a random transmission waiting time within a small-scale use period is generated, and the generated power outage information is output to the mesh network control unit 12. In this case, when a power outage notification message that has not been received is received from another slave unit 1 by broadcasting within a small-scale use period, the power outage notification message generated by itself is combined with the received power outage notification message, and power outage information for broadcasting the combined power outage notification message is generated. Next, in the random transmission waiting time within the large-scale use period, which is the power outage notification period after the small-scale use period, power outage information of the power outage notification message received during the small-scale use period is unicast to the other child device 1 or the parent device 21, and the generated power outage information is output to the mesh network control unit 12.
The measurement information processing unit 10 is connected to a primary power supply, a measurement device, and a mesh control unit 12. The measurement information processing unit 10 adds the amount of electric power used by the slave unit 1 measured by the measurement device 7 in the normal operation to the measurement value message, generates a measurement value message including the amount of electric power used, and outputs the generated measurement value message to the mesh control unit 12.
The measurement information processing unit 10 performs processing of a measurement value acquisition message transmitted when the slave unit 21 acquires the measurement value of the amount of power to be used by the slave unit 1, a measurement value response message transmitted when the slave unit 1 responds to the measurement value acquisition message to the master unit 21, a control message transmitted from the master unit 21 to control measurement of the amount of power to be used by the slave unit 1, and a response message transmitted when the slave unit 1 responds to the master unit 21 with respect to the control message, in addition to processing of the measurement value message.
Here, the above-described message for the slave unit 1 to transmit and receive the measured value of the used power amount to and from the master unit 21 in a normal operation will be collectively referred to as a normal message.
The message processing unit 11 is a component obtained by combining the power outage information processing unit 9 and the measurement information processing unit 10, generates a measurement value message including a power outage notification message and a power usage amount, and outputs the generated message to the grid network control unit 12.
The mesh network control unit 12 is connected to the power outage information processing unit 9, the measurement information processing unit 10, and the wireless medium access control unit 13. The mesh network control unit 12 generates a frame in which mesh information specifying a path of the wireless mesh network managed by itself is added to the power outage information input from the power outage information processing unit 9, and outputs the generated frame to the wireless medium access control unit 13. The frame generated by adding mesh information managed by the measurement information processing unit 10 to the measurement value message including the amount of power used input from the measurement information processing unit is output to the wireless medium access control unit 13.
The wireless medium access control unit 13 is connected to the mesh control unit 12 and the wireless communication control unit 14. The radio medium access control unit 13 specifies broadcasting or unicasting by adding MAC (Media Access Control: medium access control) information to the frame to which the mesh information input from the mesh network control unit 12 is added, and outputs the result to the radio communication control unit 14.
The wireless communication control unit 14 is connected to the wireless medium access control unit 13. The radio communication control unit 14 broadcasts or unicasts the frame input from the radio medium access control unit 13 to the peripheral terminal (other slave unit 1 or master unit 21).
Next, the master 21 will be described.
Fig. 4 is a hardware configuration diagram of the communication device (master 21) in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 4, the master 21 is constituted by: a central processing unit 22 for performing calculation processing; a memory 23 storing programs and data; a transceiver 24 and an antenna 25 for performing wireless transmission and reception; a secondary power supply 26 for temporarily operating the master 21 when the power supply from the primary power supply to the master 21 is cut off; and a WAN interface 27 for the parent machine 21 to communicate with the server 300 via the WAN 200.
Fig. 5 is a functional configuration diagram of the master 21 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 5, the master 21 is configured by a power outage information processing unit 28, a measurement information processing unit 29, a mesh network control unit 31, a wide area network communication control unit 32, a wireless medium access control unit 33, and a wireless communication control unit 34. The power outage information processing unit 28 and the measurement information processing unit 29 are combined as a message processing unit 30.
The processing of the radio communication control unit 34 and the radio medium access control unit 33 is performed by the transceiver 24 of fig. 4. The processing by the grid control unit 31, the measurement information processing unit 29, and the power outage information processing unit 28 is realized by the central processing unit 22 reading and executing a program stored in the memory 23 of fig. 4. The processing by the wide area network communication control section 32 is performed by the WAN interface 27 of fig. 4.
Next, the operation of the slave unit 1 will be described.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When a power outage occurs in the wireless mesh network a100-a, the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 detects a power outage of the primary power supply by detecting a decrease in the voltage of the primary power supply supplied to the slave unit 1 itself. When a power outage is detected, the secondary power supply 6 of fig. 2 is started, and a power outage determination timer is started (S1).
Then, it is determined whether or not the power outage determination timer has timed out (whether or not the set time has elapsed) (S2).
When the power outage determination timer expires, it is determined that the power outage has occurred, and an instruction for notifying the power outage is output to the power outage information processing unit 9.
The power outage notification process is a process of: the power outage detection information is output from the power outage detection unit 8 to the power outage information processing unit 9, whereby the power outage information processing unit 9 generates a power outage notification message and transmits the power outage information to the surrounding child machine 1 or parent machine 21.
If the power outage determination timer has not timed out, it is determined whether or not the power supply from the primary power supply has been restored (S3).
When the power supply from the primary power supply is restored, the power outage determination timer is cleared (S4), and the normal operation is started.
If the primary power supply is not restored, the routine returns to S2 to determine whether or not the power failure determination timer has timed out.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When an instruction for the power outage notification process is input from the power outage detection unit 8, the power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 generates a power outage notification message for the master unit 21 (S21), and divides a preset power outage notification period into a preset small-scale use period and a preset large-scale use period. The method of segmentation will be described later.
Then, a timer (transmission waiting timer) for measuring random transmission waiting time within the small-scale use period shown in fig. 8 is started (S22).
Then, it is determined whether or not a power outage notification message that has not been received is received from the other slave unit 1 by broadcasting (S23).
If so, the power outage notification message generated by the user and the received power outage notification message are combined (S24).
If the power outage notification message that was not received is not received in S23, or if the power outage notification message that was not received is received and combined in S24, a determination is made as to whether or not the transmission wait timer has timed out (S25).
When the transmission wait timer expires, power outage information including an instruction to transmit a power outage notification message by broadcasting is generated. The generated power outage information is then outputted to the mesh network control unit 12, and a power outage notification message is broadcasted to the other slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 via the wireless medium access control unit 13 and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S26).
If the transmission wait timer has not timed out, the process returns to S23, and it is determined whether or not a power outage notification message that has not been received has been received from another slave unit 1 by broadcasting.
The slave unit 1 that detected the power outage broadcasts a power outage notification message during a small-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave units 1 detect the power outage.
Further, after the power outage notification message is broadcast, a random transmission waiting timer is started in the large-scale use period with the start point at the end of the small-scale use period (S27).
Then, a determination is made as to whether or not the transmission wait timer has timed out (S28), and if so, power outage information including an instruction to transmit a power outage notification message by unicast is generated. The generated power outage information is then outputted to the mesh network control unit 12, and the power outage notification message is unicast to the other slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 via the wireless medium access control unit 13 and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S29). If the transmission wait timer has not expired, the routine returns to the determination of whether or not the transmission wait timer has expired at S28.
Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a period during which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention notifies of a power failure.
When the information of the power outage detection 44 for detecting the power outage is input from the power outage detection unit 8, the power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 divides the power outage notification period 41 set in advance into a small-scale use period 42 and a large-scale use period 43.
The small-scale use period 42 is a period from the power outage detection 44 to a time period 45 when a single small-scale power outage is notified (small-scale time notification period), and is set in advance. The large-scale use period 43 is a period from the small-scale time notification period 45 to the large-scale time notification period 46, and is a period for notifying a large-scale power outage such that a power outage is detected by a plurality of communication terminals. The large-scale use period 43 is obtained by the large-scale use period 43=the power outage notification period 41-the small-scale use period 42.
For example, the power outage notification period 41 is set to 200 seconds in advance, and when the small-scale use period 42 in which the slave unit 1 needs to notify the server 300 via the master unit 21 by multi-hop in the case of occurrence of a small-scale power outage is 20 seconds, the large-scale use period 43 is 180 seconds. Therefore, when a power outage is detected, the slave unit 1 broadcasts the power outage notification message for a random transmission waiting time of 20 seconds or less, and further unicasts the power outage notification message for a period of 20 seconds to 180 seconds.
Next, an operation of receiving a power outage notification message from another slave unit 1 and broadcasting the power outage notification message to another slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 when the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 does not detect a power outage will be described.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 determines whether or not the power outage notification message received from the other slave unit 1 is a message that has not been received (S31).
When it is determined in S31 that the power outage notification message is not received, a timer (transfer waiting timer) for measuring a random transfer waiting time is started (S32).
If it is determined in S31 that the power outage notification message is not a message that has not been received, the transfer process is terminated.
It is determined whether or not a power outage notification message that has not been received from another slave unit 1 is received by broadcasting in the period from the start of the transfer wait timer until the time of the transfer wait timer in S31 (S33).
When it is determined in S33 that the power outage notification message is received from the other slave unit 1, the power outage notification message received from the other slave unit 1 is incorporated into the power outage notification message waiting for transmission (S34).
If it is determined in S33 that the power outage notification message has not been received, or if the power outage notification message is combined in S34, it is determined whether or not the transfer wait timer has timed out (S35).
If the transfer wait timer expires, a power outage notification message is broadcast to the peripheral terminal via the mesh network control unit 12, the wireless medium access control unit 13, and the wireless communication control unit 14 to the other child device 1 or the parent device 21 (S36).
If the forwarding waiting timer has not timed out, the process returns to S33.
When the slave unit 1 that has not detected the power outage receives the power outage notification message from the other slave units 1 by broadcasting, the power outage notification message is broadcasted without determining whether or not the peripheral slave units 1 have detected the power outage.
When the power outage notification message is transmitted from another slave unit 1 by unicast, the transmission destination information is determined, and the power outage notification message is transmitted to the next slave unit 1 by unicast.
Next, a case will be described in which the slave unit 1 broadcasts a power outage notification message to the master unit 21 with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a case where the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention makes a power outage notification message reach the master unit 21 by broadcasting.
The slave unit 1-i is provided in the wireless mesh network A100-a, and notifies the master unit A21-a of the power failure detection.
The slave unit 1-i having detected the power outage broadcasts a power outage notification message to peripheral slave units (slave units 1-e, 1-h, 1-j in fig. 10) through S21 to S26 in fig. 7. Then, the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-e, 1-h, 1-j) that received the power outage notification message forward the power outage notification message by broadcasting through S31 to S36 in fig. 9. The arrow indicates the case where the power outage notification message is sent.
The slave unit 1-e having forwarded the power outage notification message forwards the power outage notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-b, 1-d, 1-h, 1-i) by broadcasting. The slave unit 1-b transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-a, 1-d, 1-e) by broadcasting, and the slave unit 1-a transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral master unit a21-a and the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-b, 1-c) by broadcasting.
The slave unit 1-j that received the power outage notification message transmits the power outage notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-f, 1-k, 1-m, 1-n) by broadcasting. The slave unit 1-f transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-c, 1-k, 1-j) by broadcasting. The slave unit 1-c transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-a and 1-f) by broadcasting, and the slave unit 1-a transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral master unit a21-a and the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-b and 1-c) by broadcasting.
Next, a case will be described in which the slave unit 1 unicasts a power outage notification message and reaches the master unit 21 with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a case where the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention arrives at the master unit 21 with a power outage notification message by unicast.
The slave unit 1-i transmits the power failure notification message to the master unit a21-a via the other slave units 1-e, 1-b, and 1-a by unicast in S27 to S29 of fig. 7. When the slave units 1-e, 1-b, and 1-a receive the power failure notification message, they determine the transmission destination information, and unicast the power failure notification message to the slave unit 1 of the next transmission destination.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a timing at which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention transmits a power outage notification message during a power outage notification period.
When a power failure is detected (power failure detection 44), the slave unit 1 sets a random transmission wait timer in the small-scale use period 42 up to the small-scale notification period 45. Then, when the transmission wait timer expires, a power outage notification message is broadcast to the other slave units 1. Then, when the small-scale use period 42 ends, a random transmission wait timer is set in the large-scale use period 43 up to the large-scale time notification period 46. Then, when the transmission wait timer expires, a power outage notification message is unicast.
Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power outage information processing unit 28 of the master 21 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The master device 21 that received the power outage notification message determines whether or not the power outage notification message received from the slave device 1 that is the slave device that is not the slave device (S41).
At this time, the power outage information processing unit 28 of the master 21 receives the power outage notification message from the slave 1 by broadcasting during the 1 st period of the power outage notification period divided by the slave 1. Further, in the 2 nd period of the power outage notification period divided by the subordinate slave unit 1, the power outage notification message is received by unicast from the subordinate slave unit 1. Even when the power outage notification message is received by broadcasting or when the power outage notification message is received by unicast, the master 21 determines whether the received power outage notification message is an unreceived power outage notification message, and if so, transmits the unreceived power outage notification message to the server 300 via the wide area network communication control unit 32 (S42).
If the received power outage message is not a power outage notification message that has not been received, the power outage notification message is discarded (S43), and the process is ended.
Accordingly, the server 300 receives only the power outage notification message that is not received from the parent machine 21 via the wide area network.
Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention notify of a power failure by broadcasting.
In the wireless mesh network a100-a, when the slave units 1-a to 1-n detect a power outage, the processes of S21 to S26 in fig. 7 and S31 to S36 in fig. 9 broadcast power outage notification information during a small-scale use period, and notify the master unit 21 of the power outage.
At this time, when the slave unit 1 itself detects a power failure and when a power failure notification message is received from another slave unit 1 by broadcasting, the slave unit 1 broadcasts the power failure notification message during a small-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave unit 1 detects a power failure.
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention notify a power failure by unicast.
In the wireless mesh network a100-a, the slave units 1-a to 1-n detect a power outage, and thus the power outage notification information is unicast to the master unit 21 during the large-scale use period by the processing of S27 to S29 in fig. 7.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the timing at which the plurality of slave units 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention transmit the power outage notification message during the power outage notification period.
When a power failure is detected (power failure detection 44) in each of the plurality of slave units 1, a random transmission wait timer is set for each slave unit 1 in a small-scale use period 42 set in advance. When the random transmission wait timer expires, each slave unit 1 broadcasts a power outage notification message to other peripheral slave units 1 or master units 21. When the small-scale use period 42 ends, the slave unit 1 that detects the power failure in the large-scale use period 43 sets a random transmission wait timer. When the random transmission wait timer expires, a power failure notification message is unicast from the slave unit 1 that detected the power failure to the slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 described in the transmission destination information.
The arrow of the small-scale use period 42 indicates a case where the plurality of slave units 1 broadcast the power outage notification message at random times. The arrow of the large-scale use period 43 indicates a case where the plurality of slave units 1 unicast the power outage notification message at random timings, respectively.
As described above, the power outage notification period is divided into the small-scale use period and the large-scale use period, and the power outage notification information is broadcast during the small-scale use period and unicast during the large-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave unit 1 is in the power outage, so that the power outage notification message can be transmitted to the server 300 within the small-scale use notification period when the slave unit is in the power outage of a single slave unit.
Further, since the plurality of slave units 1 broadcast the power outage notification message and forward the power outage notification message to the master unit 21, even if redundancy of the communication path increases and a collision of normal messages transmitted from the slave units 1 in which no power outage has occurred occurs, the possibility that the power outage notification message reaches the master unit 21 increases.
When a power outage is detected by the plurality of slave units 1, there is a possibility that collision between power outage notification messages occurs when the power outage notification messages are broadcast. However, since the retransmission in the wireless medium access control section 13 does not occur due to the broadcast, congestion of the wireless mesh network 100-a due to the retransmission process can be prevented.
Further, since the slave unit 1 which has received the power outage notification message broadcasts the power outage notification message and performs a random transfer wait for a transfer wait time, and combines other power outage notification messages received during this period, the number of times of transmission of the power outage notification message can be reduced.
Even when a power outage notification message transmitted during a small-scale use period does not reach the master 21 due to a collision and a power outage detection message is detected by a plurality of slave units 1, the power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast during a large-scale use period regardless of whether the power outage notification message reaches the master 21 during the small-scale use period, and therefore, the power outage notification message can be transmitted to the master 21 during the power outage notification period up to the large-scale time notification period.
The power outage notification period is divided into a small-scale use period and a large-scale use period, and if it is not determined whether or not the peripheral slave units 1 detect a power outage, the power outage notification information is broadcast during the small-scale use period, and the power outage notification information is unicast again during the large-scale use period. Therefore, it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message for confirming whether or not the power outage notification message transmitted during the small-scale use period arrives at the master 21, and thus the communication load can be reduced.
Further, although the case where the slave unit 1 that detects the power outage has been described as performing the transmission wait for the random time for transmitting the power outage notification message within the small-scale use period, the random transmission wait time may be weighted based on the number of hops from the master unit 21. In this case, the power outage notification message may be transmitted from the child device 1 having a large number of hops, and transmitted to the parent device 21 while the power outage notification messages of the child device 1 having a large number of hops are combined.
Embodiment 2
In embodiment 1, description has been made of an example in which a power outage notification period is divided into a small-scale use period and a large-scale use period, a slave unit 1 that detects a power outage broadcasts a power outage notification message during the small-scale use period, and unicast is performed during the large-scale use period, and a notification period is satisfied according to the power outage scale, but in embodiment 2, description is made of an example in which transmission of a message other than the power outage notification message is stopped when a power outage occurs, and the arrival rate of the power outage notification message reaching the master unit 21 is increased.
As an example other than the power outage notification message, there is a normal message. As described above, the normal message is a message for the slave unit 1 to transmit and receive the measurement value of the used power amount to and from the master unit 21 in the normal operation, and includes the measurement value message, the measurement value acquisition message, the measurement value reply message, the control message, and the reply message.
The functional configuration and hardware configuration of the slave unit 1 are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Therefore, the operation of the slave unit 1 will be described below.
First, an operation in a case where the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power outage and a power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1 will be described.
Fig. 17 is a flowchart showing an operation in the case where a power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1 when the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power outage in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When the power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1 in a state where the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 does not detect a power outage, the power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 determines whether or not transmission of a normal message of its own is stopped (S51).
If the transmission of the normal message of the slave unit 1 itself is not stopped, the slave unit 1 sets itself to stop the transmission of the normal message (S52). Then, a stop timer for stopping the transmission of the normal message is started (S53), and a power outage notification process (S54) is performed as a transmission process of the power outage notification message. The power outage notification process is the same as the process of fig. 9.
In the determination at S51, if the transmission of the normal message of the slave unit 1 itself is stopped, the power outage notification process at S54 is performed.
Then, it is determined whether or not the stop timer for stopping the transmission of the stop normal message set in S53 has timed out (S55).
If the stop timer has not timed out, it is determined whether or not a power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1 (S56).
When it is determined in S56 that the power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1, the power outage notification process of S54 is performed. As for the power outage notification process, similar to the process of fig. 9, the power outage notification messages received from the other kiosks 1 are broadcasted in combination.
When it is determined in S56 that the power outage notification message has not been received from another slave unit 1, the flow returns to S55 to determine whether or not the stop timer has timed out.
When the stop timer expires in S55, the transmission stop of the normal message is released (S57), and the process ends.
Next, an operation in a case where the slave unit 1 itself detects a power outage and receives a power outage notification message from another slave unit 1 will be described.
Fig. 18 is a flowchart showing an operation when the slave unit 1 itself detects a power failure and also receives a power failure notification message from another slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When the power outage is detected by the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1, the power outage information processing unit 9 sets itself to stop the transmission of the normal message (S61). Then, a stop timer for transmitting a normal message is started (S62), and a power outage notification process (S63) is performed as a transmission process of the power outage notification message. The power outage notification process is similar to that of fig. 7, in which a power outage notification message is broadcast to the other child device 1 or the parent device 21 during a small-scale use period, and in which a power outage notification message is unicast to the other child device 1 or the parent device 21 during a large-scale use period.
Then, it is determined whether or not a stop timer for stopping the transmission of the normal message has timed out (S64), and if not, it is determined whether or not a power outage notification message has been received (S65).
If the power outage notification message is received, the transmission process of the power outage notification message of S63 is performed. The power outage notification process is the same as that of fig. 7.
If the power outage notification message is not received, a determination is made as to whether or not the stop timer for stopping transmission of the normal message at S64 has timed out.
If it is determined in S64 that the stop timer for stopping the transmission of the normal message has expired, the transmission stop of the power outage message is released (S66), and the process ends.
As described above, in the wireless mesh network 100-a, when a power outage occurs, by stopping transmission of normal messages other than the power outage message, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the power outage notification message disappears due to collision between the normal messages other than the power outage notification message and the power outage notification message, and to increase the arrival rate of the power outage notification message at the server 300.
Embodiment 3
In embodiment 2, the purpose is to increase the arrival rate of the power outage notification message by suppressing the transmission of a normal message when a power outage occurs, but in embodiment 3, an example will be described in which the power outage notification message is not transmitted during small-scale use, and the power outage notification message is transmitted to the server 300 only during large-scale use by unicast when the power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1.
When a power outage is detected by a plurality of slave units 1, if a power outage notification message is broadcast during a small-scale use period, there is a possibility that the power outage notification messages collide with each other and disappear. Therefore, when the slave unit 1 itself detecting the power outage receives the power outage notification message from the other slave units 1 and when the power outage of the plurality of slave units 1 can be detected, the power outage notification message is not transmitted during the small-scale use period, and the power outage notification message is transmitted to the server 300 only by unicast during the large-scale use period. In this way, by transmitting the power outage notification information only during the large-scale use period by unicast, it is possible to suppress the consumption of the secondary power supply.
The functional configuration and hardware configuration of the slave unit 1 are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Therefore, the operation of the slave unit 1 will be described below.
First, an operation when the slave unit 1 detects a power failure will be described.
Fig. 19 is a flowchart showing an operation of transmitting a power outage notification message only during a large-scale use period when the slave unit 1 itself in embodiment 1 of the present invention detects a power outage. When the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 detects a power outage, the power outage information processing unit 9 generates a power outage notification message (S71), and starts a random transmission waiting timer within a small-scale use period (S72).
Then, the power outage information processing unit 9 determines whether or not a power outage notification message is received from the other slave unit 1 by broadcasting before the transmission wait timer expires (S73).
If it is not determined in S73 that the power outage notification message is received from the other slave unit 1 by broadcasting, it is determined whether or not the transmission wait timer has timed out (S74).
If the transmission wait timer has not timed out, the process returns to S73.
If the transmission wait timer times out, a power failure notification message is broadcasted (S76), and the processing proceeds to S77 and beyond.
When it is determined in S73 that the power outage notification message is received from another slave unit by broadcasting, the transmission waiting timer is stopped (S75).
Then, a random transmission wait timer is started within the large-scale use period with the end of the small-scale use period as a start point (S77).
Next, it is determined whether or not the transmission wait timer has timed out (S78).
When the transmission wait timer expires, the power outage information processing unit 9 unicasts a power outage notification message of its own via the mesh network control unit 12, the wireless medium access control unit 13, and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S79).
If the transmission wait timer has not timed out, the process of S78 is performed to wait for the timeout of the transmission wait timer.
Next, an operation when the slave device 1 itself does not detect a power failure will be described.
Fig. 20 is a flowchart showing an operation of forwarding a power outage notification message only during a large-scale use when the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power outage in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When the slave unit 1 receives the power outage notification message from the other slave unit 1 by broadcasting when the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 does not detect the power outage, the power outage information processing unit 9 starts a random transfer waiting timer (S81).
Next, it is determined whether or not a power outage notification message is received from the plurality of kiosks 1 by broadcasting (S82).
If the power outage notification message is not received by broadcast from the plurality of slave units 1, it is determined whether or not the transfer waiting timer has timed out (S83).
When the power outage notification message is received by broadcasting from the plurality of slave units 1, the transfer waiting timer is stopped (S84), and the process ends.
Since the process is ended, the power outage notification message is not broadcasted to the peripheral slave units 1. When the power outage notification message is transmitted from another slave unit 1 by unicast, the transmission destination information is determined, and the power outage notification message is transmitted to the next slave unit 1 by unicast.
When the relay waiting timer expires in S83, the slave unit 1 that received the power outage notification message by broadcasting broadcasts the power outage notification message to the peripheral slave units 1 via the mesh network control unit 12, the wireless medium access control unit 13, and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S85).
Then, when the power outage notification message is transmitted from the other slave unit 1 by unicast, the power outage notification message is transmitted to the next slave unit 1 by unicast.
As described above, by receiving the power outage notification message from the plurality of slave units 1, it is possible to detect that a power outage has occurred in the plurality of slave units 1. Therefore, since the transmission of the power outage notification information is stopped during the small-scale period and the power outage notification information is transmitted only during the large-scale use period, the consumption of the secondary power supply 6 can be suppressed.
Further, by receiving the power outage notification message from the plurality of other slave units 1, it is possible to detect that the power outage has occurred in the plurality of slave units 1, and therefore, the transmission of the plurality of power outage notification messages is stopped during the small-scale use period, and the power outage notification messages are transmitted only during the large-scale use period, and therefore, the consumption of the secondary power supply can be suppressed.
Industrial applicability
As described above, the communication device according to the present invention divides the power outage notification period into the small-scale use period and the large-scale use period, and broadcasts the power outage notification information during the small-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave unit 1 has a power outage. Then, after the small-scale use period, the power outage notification information is transmitted again by unicast during the large-scale use period, and it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message of the power outage notification message transmitted during the small-scale use period, so that the communication load can be reduced.
Description of the reference numerals
1: a communication device (slave); 2: a central computing device; 3: a memory; 4: a transceiver; 5: an antenna; 6: a secondary power supply; 7: a measuring device; 8: a power failure detection unit; 9: a power outage information processing unit; 10: a measurement information processing unit; 11: a message processing unit; 12: a grid control unit; 13: a wireless medium access control unit; 14: a wireless communication control unit; 21: a communication device (master); 22: a central computing device; 23: a memory; 24: a transceiver; 25: an antenna; 26: a secondary power supply; 27: a WAN interface; 28: a power outage information processing unit; 29: a measurement information processing unit; 30: a message processing unit; 31: a grid control unit; 32: a wide area network communication control unit; 33: a wireless medium access control unit; 34: a wireless communication control unit; 41: during a power outage notification period; 42: during small scale use; 43: during large-scale use; 44: detecting power failure; 45: notifying a term on a small scale; 46: notifying a term on a large scale; 100-a,100-b,100-c: a wireless mesh network; 200: a WAN;300: a server; 600: an automatic table look-up system.

Claims (12)

1. A communication device that forms a wireless multi-hop mesh network, comprising:
a power outage detection unit that detects a power outage of a power supply supplied to the communication device;
a power outage information processing unit that, when the power outage detection unit detects a power outage, divides a set power outage notification period into a 1 st period and a 2 nd period, generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting during the 1 st period, and generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast during the 2 nd period; and
and a wireless communication control unit that transmits a frame including the power outage information to the other communication device.
2. The communication device of claim 1, wherein the communication device comprises a plurality of communication devices,
the power outage information processing unit, when receiving power outage information from another communication apparatus in the 1 st period, merges a power outage notification message from the other communication apparatus into a power outage notification message of its own.
3. The communication device according to claim 2, wherein,
the power outage information processing unit, when receiving a power outage notification message from another communication apparatus during the random transmission waiting time of the 1 st period, merges the received power outage notification message into the power outage notification message itself.
4. The communication device of claim 1, wherein the communication device comprises a plurality of communication devices,
the power outage information processing unit does not output power outage information based on broadcasting during the 1 st period when a power outage notification message is received from the other communication apparatus during the random transmission waiting time during the 1 st period.
5. A communication device according to claim 3, wherein,
the power outage information processing unit weights the random transmission waiting time by using the number of hops from the master of the communication device.
6. The communication device of claim 4, wherein the communication device comprises a plurality of communication devices,
the power outage information processing unit weights the random transmission waiting time by using the number of hops from the master of the communication device.
7. The communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
the power outage information processing unit stops transmission of messages other than the power outage notification message.
8. The communication device of claim 1, wherein the communication device comprises a plurality of communication devices,
the power outage information processing unit generates and outputs power outage information to be broadcasted by combining the power outage notification information and the received power outage notification message when the power outage detection unit receives the power outage notification message from the other communication device by broadcasting when the power outage detection unit does not detect the power outage.
9. The communication device of claim 8, wherein the communication device is configured to,
the power outage information processing unit stops forwarding messages other than the power outage notification message.
10. A communication device that forms a wireless multi-hop mesh network and transmits a power outage notification message received from a subordinate communication device to a server, the communication device comprising:
a power outage information processing unit that receives power outage information from a subordinate communication device by broadcasting in a 1 st period obtained by dividing a set power outage notification period, determines whether the power outage information is not received, and receives power outage information from the subordinate communication device by unicast in a 2 nd period obtained by dividing the power outage notification period, determines whether the power outage information is not received, and outputs the power outage information that is not received; and
and a wide area network communication control unit that transmits the unreceived power outage information to a server via a wide area network.
11. A communication method of a communication apparatus that forms a wireless multi-hop mesh network, the communication method comprising:
a power outage detection step of detecting a power outage of a power supply supplied to the communication device;
A power outage information processing step of dividing a set power outage notification period into a 1 st period and a 2 nd period when a power outage is detected in the power outage detection step, generating and outputting power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting in the 1 st period, and generating and outputting power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast in the 2 nd period; and
and a wireless communication control step of transmitting a frame including the power outage information to the other communication apparatus.
12. A communication system comprising a server and a communication device connected to the server via a wide area network to form a wireless multi-hop mesh network, characterized in that,
the 1 st communication device includes:
a power failure detection unit that detects a power failure of a power supply supplied to the power supply unit itself;
a power outage information processing unit that, when the power outage detection unit detects a power outage, divides a set power outage notification period into a 1 st period and a 2 nd period, generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting during the 1 st period, and generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast during the 2 nd period; and
A wireless communication control unit that transmits a frame including the power outage information to another communication apparatus,
the 2 nd communication device includes:
a power outage information processing unit that determines whether power outage information received from the 1 st communication device that belongs to the power outage information processing unit is not received, and outputs the power outage information that is not received; and
a wide area network communication control unit that transmits the unreceived power outage information to the server via a wide area network,
the server receives the outage information from the 2 nd communication device.
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