CN110603710A - Communication device, communication method, and communication system - Google Patents

Communication device, communication method, and communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110603710A
CN110603710A CN201780090436.6A CN201780090436A CN110603710A CN 110603710 A CN110603710 A CN 110603710A CN 201780090436 A CN201780090436 A CN 201780090436A CN 110603710 A CN110603710 A CN 110603710A
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China
Prior art keywords
power failure
power outage
power
period
notification message
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CN201780090436.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110603710B (en
Inventor
川岛佑毅
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Mitsubishi Corp
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Mitsubishi Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The communication device of the present invention is a communication device constituting a wireless multihop mesh network, wherein when a power failure is detected, a set power failure notification period is divided into a1 st period and a2 nd period, a power failure notification message is transmitted by broadcasting in the 1 st period, and the power failure notification message is transmitted again by unicasting in the 2 nd period, so that it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message confirming whether or not the power failure notification message transmitted in the 1 st period has reached the communication device of the master, and a communication load can be reduced.

Description

Communication device, communication method, and communication system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a communication apparatus constituting a wireless multi-hop network.
Background
In the power failure notification using the conventional wireless multi-hop network, when the electricity meter detects the interruption of the power supply from the primary power source, the wireless function provided in the electricity meter is operated by the secondary power source provided in the electricity meter, and the power failure notification message is transmitted. In this way, the wireless function is operated by the secondary power supply, and thereby notification of the occurrence of a power failure (power failure notification) is performed to the host device (for example, patent document 1 and patent document 2).
In patent document 1, a wireless device capable of detecting a power failure is provided in a substation or a transformer in addition to an electricity meter. Therefore, when a power failure occurs, the power failure notification message is transmitted to the electricity meter connected to a system different from the power system in which the power failure occurred, using the information of the power system, thereby increasing the probability of the power failure notification reaching the upper-level device.
In patent document 2, when power is not supplied from the primary power source for a predetermined period, it is determined that the node has failed, and a notification of the failure is transmitted to the upper node of the node during a reporting period (reporting period). In this case, since many nodes send notifications at the same time, traffic congestion and traffic collision occur. Therefore, in order to prevent the loss of the power failure notification, the reporting period of the power failure notification is divided into reporting windows (reporting windows) according to the number of hops from the master, and the reporting windows are divided into reporting period (reporting period)/(hop (number of hops) + 1)). Then, the power failure notification is transmitted at a random transmission waiting time in the window, thereby increasing the transmission opportunity of the node distant from the master (having a large number of hops). In addition, the upper node combines the power failure notification received from the lower node with the notification of the upper node, thereby reducing congestion in notification transmission.
Patent document 1: U.S. patent application publication No. 2014/0085105 specification
Patent document 2: specification of U.S. Pat. No. 8970394
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The conventional techniques are all for improving the arrival rate of the power failure notification to the host device, and do not consider the characteristics according to the scale (number of devices) of the power failure. In some cases, the limit time required for the power failure notification to reach the upper-level device differs between a case where a single node fails and a case where a plurality of nodes fails. For example, in the case of a single power failure, it is required to complete the notification immediately within several tens of seconds, whereas in the case of a plurality of power failures, it is required to complete the notification after several minutes. However, in the conventional technique, it is impossible to determine whether a node has a single power failure or a plurality of power failures, and transmission has to be performed in a short time to reach a higher-level device. As a result, in the case of a plurality of power failures, there is a possibility that congestion occurs, the time exceeding the limit time for reporting the power failure notification occurs, and the arrival rate at which the power failure notification reaches the master decreases.
In addition, since there is a node having no power failure in a small-scale power failure, there is a possibility that the lookup table data (measurement value data) obtained by measuring the power normally collides with the power failure notification.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to adjust the time required for power failure notification according to the scale of occurrence of power failure.
Means for solving the problems
A communication device according to the present invention is a communication device constituting a wireless multihop mesh network, comprising: a power failure detection unit that detects a power failure of a power supply provided to the communication device; a power outage information processing unit that divides the set power outage notification period into a1 st period and a2 nd period when the power outage detection unit detects a power outage, generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting in the 1 st period, and generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast in the 2 nd period; and a wireless communication control unit that transmits a frame including the power failure information to another communication device.
Effects of the invention
The communication device of the present invention divides a set power failure notification period into a1 st period and a2 nd period when a power failure is detected, and transmits a power failure notification message by broadcasting in the 1 st period and transmits the power failure notification message again by unicasting in the 2 nd period, so that it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message for confirming whether or not the power failure notification message transmitted in the 1 st period reaches the master, and it is possible to reduce a communication load.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an automatic lookup table system 600 as an application target of a communication device (slave device) 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a functional configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a hardware configuration diagram of a communication device (master 21) according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a functional configuration diagram of the base unit 21 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a period during which the slave unit 1 notifies of a power failure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention makes a power failure notification reach the master unit 21 by broadcasting.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention makes a power failure notification reach the master unit 21 by unicast.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the timing at which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention transmits the power failure notification message during the power failure notification period.
Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure information processing unit 28 of the base unit 21 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 notify a power failure by broadcasting in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 notify power failure by unicast in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the timing at which a plurality of slave units 1 transmit a power failure notification message during a power failure notification period in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a flowchart showing an operation in a case where the slave unit 1 receives a power failure notification message from another slave unit 1 when the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power failure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a flowchart showing an operation in a case where the slave unit 1 itself in embodiment 1 of the present invention receives a power failure notification message from another slave unit 1 when it detects a power failure.
Fig. 19 is a flowchart showing an operation of transmitting a power failure notification message only during a large-scale use period when the slave unit 1 itself detects a power failure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a flowchart showing an operation of transmitting a power failure notification message only during a large-scale use period when the slave unit 1 itself in embodiment 1 of the present invention does not detect a power failure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of a communication apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Embodiment 1.
Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an automatic lookup table system 600 as an application target of a communication device (slave device) 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 1, automatic lookup table system 600 of electric meters is constituted by wireless mesh Network a100-a, wireless mesh Network B100-B, wireless mesh Network C100-C, WAN (Wide Area Network) 200, and server 300.
The wireless mesh network a100-a has a parent device (communication device) a21-a as a vertex, and connects subordinate slave devices 1-a to n via a wireless network having a tree structure. Wireless mesh network B100-B and wireless mesh network C100-C have the same configuration as wireless mesh network a 100-a. The wireless mesh network B100-B uses the master machine B21-B as a vertex and connects the slave machines through a wireless network with a tree structure, and the wireless mesh network C100-C uses the master machine C21-C as a vertex and connects the slave machines through a wireless network with a tree structure. The master a21-a, the master B21-B, and the master C21-C are connected to the server 300 via the WAN 200.
Fig. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 2, the slave unit 1 is composed of: a central processing unit 2 that performs calculation; a memory 3 that stores programs or data; a transceiver 4 and an antenna 5 that perform wireless transmission and reception; a secondary power supply 6 for temporarily operating the slave unit 1 when the power supply from the primary power supply (not shown) to the slave unit 1 is interrupted; and a measuring device 7 for measuring the amount of power (the amount of power used) used by the equipment using the primary power supply.
Fig. 3 is a functional configuration diagram of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 3, the slave unit 1 includes a power outage detection unit 8, a power outage information processing unit 9, a measurement information processing unit 10, a mesh network control unit 12, a radio medium access control unit 13, and a radio communication control unit 14. The power failure information processing unit 9 and the measurement information processing unit 10 are collectively referred to as a message processing unit 11.
The processes of the radio communication control unit 14 and the radio medium access control unit 13 are executed by the transceiver 4 of fig. 2. The processing performed by the mesh network control unit 12, the measurement information processing unit 10, the power outage information processing unit 9, and the power outage detection unit 8 is realized by the central processing unit 2 reading out and executing a program stored in the memory 3. The measurement information processing unit 10 receives the measurement value of the measurement device 7 shown in fig. 2. The power failure detection unit 8 controls the activation of the secondary power supply 6 of fig. 2.
Hereinafter, each configuration of the slave unit 1 will be described.
The power failure detection unit 8 is connected to the primary power supply and the secondary power supply of fig. 2 and the power failure information processing unit 9. The power failure detection unit 8 detects a power failure of the primary power supply by detecting a voltage drop of the primary power supply supplied to the slave unit 1 itself. Then, the secondary power supply of fig. 2 is started and a power failure start timer is started, and if the power supply of the primary power supply is not recovered when the power failure start timer times out, an instruction to notify the power failure processing (power failure notification processing) is output to the power failure information processing unit 9.
The power outage information processing unit 9 is connected to the power outage detection unit 8 and the grid network control unit 12. When an instruction for the power outage notification process is input from the power outage detection unit 8, the power outage information processing unit 9 divides a preset power outage notification period into a small-scale use period (corresponding to the first half of the 1 st period) and a large-scale use period (corresponding to the second half of the 2 nd period). The small-scale service period is a period required to complete a single small-scale power failure notification, and is set in advance. Then, power failure information is generated in which a power failure notification message is broadcast to peripheral terminals (other slave units 1 or master unit 21) at a random transmission waiting time within a small-scale use period, and the generated power failure information is output to the mesh network control unit 12. In this case, when the power outage notification message which has not been received is received from the other slave units 1 by broadcasting within the small-scale usage period, the power outage notification message generated by the slave units itself is combined with the received power outage notification message, and power outage information is generated by broadcasting the combined power outage notification message. Next, the power outage information of the power outage notification message received during the small-scale use period is unicast to the other slave units 1 or the master unit 21 during the random transmission waiting time within the large-scale use period, which is the power outage notification period after the small-scale use period, and the generated power outage information is output to the mesh network control unit 12.
The measurement information processing unit 10 is connected to a primary power supply, a measurement device, and a mesh network control unit 12. The measurement information processing unit 10 adds the amount of used power measured by the measuring device 7 during normal operation of the slave unit 1 to the measurement message, generates a measurement message including the amount of used power, and outputs the generated measurement message to the grid network control unit 12.
In addition to the processing of the measurement message, the measurement information processing unit 10 performs processing of a measurement acquisition message transmitted when the slave unit 21 acquires the measurement value of the amount of used power from the master unit 1, a measurement reply message transmitted when the slave unit 1 replies to the master unit 21 with the message, a control message transmitted from the master unit 21 to control the measurement of the amount of used power of the slave unit 1, and a reply message transmitted when the slave unit 1 replies to the master unit 21 with the control message.
Here, the message for transmitting and receiving the measured value of the amount of used power to and from the base unit 21 in the normal operation of the slave unit 1 will be collectively referred to as a normal message.
The information processing unit 11 is a component obtained by combining the power outage information processing unit 9 and the measurement information processing unit 10, generates a measurement value message including a power outage notification message and an amount of used power, and outputs the generated message to the grid network control unit 12.
The mesh network control unit 12 is connected to the power failure information processing unit 9, the measurement information processing unit 10, and the wireless medium access control unit 13. The mesh network control unit 12 generates a frame in which mesh information for specifying a path of the wireless mesh network managed by itself is added to the power failure information input from the power failure information processing unit 9, and outputs the generated frame to the wireless medium access control unit 13. Further, a frame generated by adding mesh information managed by the wireless medium access control unit 13 to a measurement value message including the amount of used power input from the measurement information processing unit 10 is output.
The wireless medium access control unit 13 is connected to the mesh network control unit 12 and the wireless communication control unit 14. The radio medium access Control unit 13 adds MAC (media access Control) information to a frame to which the mesh information input from the mesh network Control unit 12 is added, thereby specifying broadcast or unicast, and outputs the frame to the radio communication Control unit 14.
The wireless communication control unit 14 is connected to the wireless medium access control unit 13. The wireless communication control unit 14 broadcasts or unicasts the frame input from the wireless medium access control unit 13 to the peripheral terminal (other slave unit 1 or master unit 21).
Next, the parent machine 21 will be explained.
Fig. 4 is a hardware configuration diagram of a communication device (master 21) according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 4, the master 21 is composed of: a central processing unit 22 that performs calculation processing; a memory 23 that stores programs and data; a transceiver 24 and an antenna 25 that perform wireless transmission and reception; a secondary power supply 26 for temporarily operating the base unit 21 when the supply of electric power from the primary power supply to the base unit 21 is interrupted; and a WAN interface 27 for the parent machine 21 to communicate with the server 300 via the WAN 200.
Fig. 5 is a functional configuration diagram of the base unit 21 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 5, the master unit 21 includes a power outage information processing unit 28, a measurement information processing unit 29, a mesh network control unit 31, a wide area network communication control unit 32, a radio medium access control unit 33, and a radio communication control unit 34. The power outage information processing unit 28 and the measurement information processing unit 29 together serve as a message processing unit 30.
The processes of the radio communication control unit 34 and the radio medium access control unit 33 are executed by the transceiver 24 of fig. 4. The processing performed by the mesh network control unit 31, the measurement information processing unit 29, and the power failure information processing unit 28 is realized by the central processing unit 22 reading and executing a program stored in the memory 23 of fig. 4. The processing of the wide area network communication control section 32 is executed by the WAN interface 27 of fig. 4.
Next, the operation of the slave unit 1 will be described.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When a power failure occurs in the wireless mesh network a100-a, the power failure detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 detects a power failure of the primary power supply by detecting a decrease in the voltage of the primary power supply supplied to the slave unit 1 itself. When a power failure is detected, the secondary power supply 6 of fig. 2 is started, and a power failure determination timer is started (S1).
Then, it is determined whether or not the power outage determination timer has timed out (whether or not the set time has elapsed) (S2).
When the power outage determination timer times out, it determines that power outage has occurred, and outputs an instruction for power outage notification processing to the power outage information processing unit 9.
The power failure notification process is a process as follows: when the power outage detection information is output from the power outage detection unit 8 to the power outage information processing unit 9, the power outage information processing unit 9 generates a power outage notification message and transmits the power outage information to the peripheral slave units 1 or master units 21.
If the power failure determination timer has not timed out, it is determined whether or not the power supply from the primary power supply has been restored (S3).
When the power supply from the primary power source is recovered, the power failure determination timer is cleared (S4), and the operation proceeds to a normal operation.
If the primary power supply is not restored, the process returns to S2 to determine whether the power failure determination timer has timed out.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When the instruction for the power failure notification process is input from the power failure detection unit 8, the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 generates a power failure notification message for the master unit 21 (S21), and divides the preset power failure notification period into a preset small-scale use period and a preset large-scale use period. The method of division will be described later.
Then, a timer (transmission waiting timer) for measuring a random transmission waiting time within a small-scale use period in the power failure notification period shown in fig. 8 is started (S22).
Then, it is determined whether or not the power outage notification message which has not been received from the other slave unit 1 is received by broadcasting (S23).
When the power failure notification message is received, the power failure notification message generated by the power failure notification message itself and the received power failure notification message are merged (S24).
If the power outage notification message that has not been received is not received in S23, or if the power outage notification message that has not been received is received and combined in S24, it is determined whether or not the transmission wait timer has timed out (S25).
When the transmission waiting timer times out, power failure information including an instruction to transmit a power failure notification message by broadcasting is generated. The generated power outage information is output to the mesh network control unit 12, and a power outage notification message is broadcast to the other slave units 1 or the master unit 21 via the wireless medium access control unit 13 and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S26).
If the transmission wait timer has not timed out, the process returns to S23 to determine whether or not the power outage notification message that has not been received from the other slave unit 1 is received by broadcast.
The slave unit 1 that has detected the power failure broadcasts the power failure notification message during the small-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave units 1 have detected the power failure.
Further, after the power failure notification message is broadcast, a random transmission waiting timer is started in the large-scale usage period, starting from the end of the small-scale usage period (S27).
Then, it is determined whether or not the transmission wait timer has timed out (S28), and if so, power outage information including an instruction to transmit a power outage notification message by unicast is generated. The generated power outage information is output to the mesh network control unit 12, and a power outage notification message is unicast to the other slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 via the wireless medium access control unit 13 and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S29). If the transmission wait timer has not timed out, the process returns to S28 to determine whether the transmission wait timer has timed out.
Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a period during which the slave unit 1 notifies of a power failure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When the information of the power failure detection 44 that detects the power failure is input from the power failure detection unit 8, the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 divides the preset power failure notification period 41 into the small-scale use period 42 and the large-scale use period 43.
The small-scale service period 42 is a period from the power outage detection 44 to a period (small-scale notification period) 45 during which a single small-scale power outage is notified, and is set in advance. The large-scale usage period 43 is a period from the small-scale notification period 45 to the large-scale notification period 46, and is a period in which a large-scale power outage such as a power outage detected by a plurality of communication terminals is notified. The large-scale usage period 43 is obtained by the large-scale usage period 43 being the power outage notification period 41-the small-scale usage period 42.
For example, the power failure notification period 41 is set to 200 seconds in advance, and when the small-scale service period 42 in which the slave unit 1 needs to notify the server 300 through the master unit 21 by multiple hops is 20 seconds when a small-scale power failure occurs, the large-scale service period 43 is 180 seconds. Therefore, when the power failure is detected, the slave unit 1 broadcasts the power failure notification message during a random transmission waiting time within 20 seconds, and further broadcasts the power failure notification message in a unicast manner during a period from 20 seconds later to 180 seconds later.
Next, an operation of receiving a power outage notification message from another slave unit 1 and broadcasting the power outage notification message to another slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 when the power outage detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 does not detect a power outage will be described.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The power outage information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 determines whether or not the power outage notification message received from the other slave unit 1 is an unreceived message (S31).
When it is determined at S31 that the power failure notification message has not been received, a timer (transfer waiting timer) for measuring a random transfer waiting time is started (S32).
If it is determined at S31 that the power outage notification message is not an unreceived message, the transfer process is terminated.
It is determined whether or not the power outage notification message that has not been received from the other slave unit 1 is received by broadcast during the period from the start of the transfer wait timer until the time-out of the transfer wait timer in S31 (S33).
When it is determined at S33 that the power outage notification message has been received from another slave unit 1, the power outage notification message received from the other slave unit 1 is combined with the power outage notification message waiting to be transferred (S34).
If it is determined at S33 that the power outage notification message has not been received, or after the power outage notification messages have been merged at S34, it is determined whether or not the transfer wait timer has timed out (S35).
If the transfer wait timer times out, a power failure notification message is broadcast to the peripheral terminal to the other slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 via the mesh network control unit 12, the wireless medium access control unit 13, and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S36).
If the forwarding wait timer has not timed out, the process returns to S33.
When the slave unit 1 which has not detected the power failure receives the power failure notification message from the other slave units 1 by broadcasting, the power failure notification message is broadcast without determining whether or not the peripheral slave units 1 have detected the power failure.
When the power failure notification message is transmitted from another slave unit 1 by unicast, the transmission destination information is determined, and the power failure notification message is transmitted to the next slave unit 1 by unicast.
Next, a case where the slave unit 1 broadcasts the power failure notification message and reaches the master unit 21 will be described with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention makes a power failure notification message arrive at the master unit 21 by broadcasting.
The slave unit 1-i installed in the wireless mesh network A100-a notifies the master unit A21-a of the detection of the power failure.
The slave unit 1-i that has detected the power failure broadcasts the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-e, 1-h, and 1-j in fig. 10) through S21 to S26 in fig. 7. Then, the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-e, 1-h, and 1-j) that have received the power failure notification message broadcast the power failure notification message at S31 to S36 in fig. 9. The arrow indicates the case where the power outage notification message is transmitted.
The slave units 1-e having transmitted the power failure notification message transmit the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-b, 1-d, 1-h, 1-i) by broadcasting. The slave unit 1-b transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-a, 1-d, 1-e) by broadcasting, and the slave unit 1-a transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral master unit a21-a and the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-b, 1-c) by broadcasting.
The slave units 1-j that have received the power failure notification message transmit the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-f, 1-k, 1-m, 1-n) by broadcasting. The slave units 1-f transmit the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-c, 1-k, and 1-j) by broadcasting. The slave unit 1-c transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-a, 1-f) by broadcasting, and the slave unit 1-a transmits the power failure notification message to the peripheral master unit a21-a and the peripheral slave units (slave units 1-b, 1-c) by broadcasting.
Next, a case where the slave unit 1 unicasts the power failure notification message to reach the master unit 21 will be described with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention causes a power failure notification message to reach the master unit 21 by unicast.
The slave unit 1-i makes the power failure notification message reach the master unit a21-a via the other slave units 1-e, 1-b, and 1-a by unicast through S27 to S29 in fig. 7. The slave units 1-e, 1-b, and 1-a determine the transmission destination information when receiving the power failure notification message, and unicast the power failure notification message to the slave unit 1 of the next transmission destination.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the timing at which the slave unit 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention transmits the power failure notification message during the power failure notification period.
The slave unit 1 sets a random transmission waiting timer in the small-scale use period 42 up to the small-scale notification period 45 when a power failure is detected (power failure detection 44). Then, when the transmission wait timer times out, a power failure notification message is broadcast to the other slave units 1. When the small-scale use period 42 ends, a random transmission waiting timer is set in the large-scale use period 43 up to the large-scale notification period 46. Then, when the transmission waiting timer times out, the power failure notification message is unicast.
Fig. 13 is a flowchart showing the operation of the power failure information processing unit 28 of the base unit 21 in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The master unit 21 that has received the power outage notification message determines whether or not the power outage notification message received from the slave unit 1 that is subordinate thereto is an unreceived power outage notification message (S41).
At this time, the power failure information processing unit 28 of the master unit 21 receives the power failure notification message from the slave unit 1 under the control of the broadcast during the 1 st period of the power failure notification period divided for each slave unit 1 under the control of the slave unit 1. In the 2 nd period of the power failure notification period divided for each subordinate slave unit 1, the power failure notification message is received from the subordinate slave unit 1 by unicast. Even when the power outage notification message is received by broadcast or by unicast, the base unit 21 determines whether or not the received power outage notification message is an unreceived power outage notification message, and if the received power outage notification message is an unreceived power outage notification message, transmits the unreceived power outage notification message to the server 300 via the wide area network communication control unit 32 (S42).
If the received power outage message is not an unreceived power outage notification message, the power outage notification message is discarded (S43), and the process ends.
Therefore, the server 300 receives only the power outage notification message that has not been received from the master 21 via the wide area network.
Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 notify a power failure by broadcasting in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the wireless mesh network a100-a, when the slave units 1-a to 1-n detect a power failure, the power failure notification information is broadcast during the small-scale use period by the processing of S21 to S26 in fig. 7 and S31 to S36 in fig. 9, and the power failure is notified to the master unit 21.
In this case, when the slave unit 1 detects a power failure by itself or when a power failure notification message is received from another slave unit 1 by broadcasting, the power failure notification message is broadcast during a small-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave unit 1 detects a power failure.
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a case where a plurality of slave units 1 notify power failure by unicast in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the wireless mesh network a100-a, the slave units 1-a to 1-n detect the power failure, and unicast the power failure notification information to notify the master unit 21 of the power failure during the large-scale use period by the processing of S27 to S29 in fig. 7.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the timing at which a plurality of slave units 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention transmit power failure notification messages during a power failure notification period.
When a power failure is detected (power failure detection 44), the slave units 1 set a random transmission waiting timer for each slave unit 1 in a preset small-scale use period 42. Then, when the random transmission wait timer times out, each slave unit 1 broadcasts a power failure notification message to other peripheral slave units 1 or the master unit 21. When the small-scale use period 42 ends, the slave unit 1 that detected the power failure in the large-scale use period 43 sets a random transmission waiting timer. Then, when the random transmission wait timer times out, a power failure notification message is unicast from the slave unit 1 that has detected the power failure to the slave unit 1 or the master unit 21 described in the transmission destination information.
The arrows in the small-scale use period 42 indicate that the plurality of slave units 1 broadcast the power failure notification message at random times. The arrows in the large-scale usage period 43 indicate a case where the plurality of slave units 1 unicast the power failure notification messages at random timings.
As described above, the power outage notification period is divided into the small-scale use period and the large-scale use period, and the power outage notification information is broadcast during the small-scale use period and unicast during the large-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave unit 1 has a power outage, so that the power outage notification message can be transmitted to the server 300 within the small-scale use notification period when the slave unit is a single slave unit.
Further, since the plurality of slave units 1 broadcast the power failure notification message and transmit the power failure notification message to the master unit 21 by relaying the power failure notification message, even if redundancy of the communication path increases and a collision of a normal message transmitted from the slave unit 1 in which power failure has not occurred occurs, the possibility that the power failure notification message reaches the master unit 21 is increased.
When the plurality of slave units 1 detect a power failure, the power failure notification messages may collide with each other when broadcast. However, since the broadcast is performed, retransmission does not occur in the wireless medium access control unit 13, and thus congestion of the wireless mesh network 100 due to retransmission processing can be prevented.
In addition, since the slave unit 1 which has received the power failure notification message by broadcasting performs the forwarding waiting for the random forwarding waiting time and merges other power failure notification messages received during the forwarding waiting time, the number of times of transmitting the power failure notification message can be reduced.
Further, even when a plurality of slave units 1 detect a power failure and the power failure notification message transmitted during the small-scale use period does not reach the master unit 21 due to a collision, the power failure notification message is transmitted by unicast during the large-scale use period, regardless of whether or not the power failure notification message reaches the master unit 21 during the small-scale use period, and therefore, the power failure notification message can be transmitted to the master unit 21 during the power failure notification period up to the large-scale notification period.
The power failure notification period is divided into a small-scale use period and a large-scale use period, and when it is not determined whether or not the peripheral slave unit 1 detects a power failure, the power failure notification information is broadcast in the small-scale use period, and the power failure notification information is unicast again in the large-scale use period. Therefore, it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message for confirming whether or not the power failure notification message transmitted during the small-scale use period has reached the master 21, and therefore, the communication load can be reduced.
Although the slave unit 1 that has detected the power failure has been described as performing transmission waiting for a random time for transmitting the power failure notification message within the small-scale use period, the random transmission waiting time may be weighted based on the number of hops from the master unit 21. In this case, the power failure notification message may be transmitted from the slave unit 1 having a large number of hops, and the power failure notification message may be propagated to the master unit 21 while being merged with the power failure notification message from the slave unit 1 having a large number of hops.
Embodiment 2.
In embodiment 1, an example in which the power outage notification period is divided into a small-scale use period and a large-scale use period, and the slave unit 1 that has detected a power outage broadcasts a power outage notification message during the small-scale use period and performs unicast during the large-scale use period, thereby satisfying the notification deadline according to the size of the power outage has been described, but in embodiment 2, an example in which transmission of messages other than the power outage notification message is stopped when a power outage occurs, and the arrival rate of the power outage notification message that reaches the master unit 21 is increased is described.
As an example other than the power failure notification message, there is a normal message. As described above, the normal message is a message for the slave unit 1 to transmit and receive the measured value of the amount of used power to and from the master unit 21 in the normal operation, and includes the measured value message, the measured value acquisition message, the measured value reply message, the control message, and the reply message.
The functional configuration and hardware configuration of the slave unit 1 are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Therefore, the operation of the slave unit 1 will be described below.
First, an operation in the case where the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power failure and a power failure notification message is received from another slave unit 1 will be described.
Fig. 17 is a flowchart showing an operation in a case where the slave unit 1 receives a power failure notification message from another slave unit 1 when the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power failure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
When the power failure notification message is received from another slave unit 1 in a state where the power failure detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 has not detected a power failure, the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 determines whether or not the transmission of the normal message of the slave unit is stopped (S51).
If the transmission of the normal message by the power failure information processing unit 9 of the slave unit 1 itself is not stopped, the slave unit sets itself to stop the transmission of the normal message (S52). Then, a stop timer for stopping the transmission of the normal message is started (S53), and a power failure notification process is performed as a process for transmitting the power failure notification message (S54). The power outage notification process is the same as the process of fig. 9.
In the determination at S51, if the transmission of the normal message of the slave unit 1 itself is stopped, the power outage notification process at S54 is performed.
Then, it is determined whether or not the stop timer for stopping the transmission of the stop normal message set in S53 has timed out (S55).
When the stop timer has not timed out, it is determined whether or not a power failure notification message is received from another slave unit 1 (S56).
When it is determined in S56 that the power outage notification message has been received from another slave unit 1, the power outage notification process of S54 is performed. The power outage notification process is a process of broadcasting power outage notification messages received from other slave units 1 in a combined manner, as in the process of fig. 9.
If it is determined in S56 that the power failure notification message has not been received from another slave unit 1, the process returns to S55 to determine whether or not the stop timer has timed out.
When the stop timer times out in S55, the stop of transmission of the normal message is released (S57), and the process is ended.
Next, an operation in the case where the slave unit 1 itself detects a power failure and receives a power failure notification message from another slave unit 1 will be described.
Fig. 18 is a flowchart showing an operation in a case where the slave unit 1 itself in embodiment 1 of the present invention receives a power failure notification message from another slave unit 1 when it detects a power failure.
When the power failure detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 detects a power failure, the power failure information processing unit 9 sets itself to stop the transmission of the normal message (S61). Then, the stop timer for transmitting the normal message is started (S62), and the power failure notification process is performed as the transmission process of the power failure notification message (S63). In the power outage notification process, as in fig. 7, the power outage notification message is broadcast to the other slave units 1 or the master unit 21 during the small-scale use period, and the power outage notification message is unicast to the other slave units 1 or the master unit 21 during the large-scale use period.
Then, it is determined whether or not a stop timer for stopping the transmission of the normal message has timed out (S64), and if not, it is determined whether or not the power failure notification message has been received (S65).
If the power outage notification message is received, the power outage notification message transmission process of S63 is performed. The power outage notification process is the same as in fig. 7.
If the power failure notification message is not received, it is determined whether or not the stop timer for stopping the transmission of the normal message has timed out at S64.
If it is determined at S64 that the stop timer for stopping the normal message transmission has timed out, the stop of the power failure message transmission is released (S66), and the process ends.
As described above, in the wireless mesh network 100, when a power failure occurs, by stopping the transmission of the normal message other than the power failure message, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the power failure notification message will disappear due to the collision between the normal message other than the power failure notification message and the power failure notification message, and it is possible to increase the arrival rate of the power failure notification message to the server 300.
Embodiment 3.
In embodiment 2, the purpose is to increase the arrival rate of the power failure notification message by suppressing the transmission of the normal message when the power failure occurs, but in embodiment 3, an example will be described in which the power failure notification message is not transmitted during the small-scale use period and is transmitted to the server 300 only during the large-scale use period when the power failure notification message is received from another slave unit 1.
When a plurality of slave units 1 detect a power failure, if a power failure notification message is broadcast during a small-scale use period, the power failure notification messages may collide with each other and disappear. Therefore, when the slave unit 1 which has detected the power failure receives the power failure notification message from the other slave units 1 or when the power failure of the plurality of slave units 1 can be detected, the power failure notification message is not transmitted during the small-scale use period, and the power failure notification message is transmitted to the server 300 by unicast only during the large-scale use period. In this way, by transmitting the power failure notification information by unicast only during the large-scale usage period, it is possible to suppress the consumption of the secondary power supply.
The functional configuration and hardware configuration of the slave unit 1 are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Therefore, the operation of the slave unit 1 will be described below.
First, an operation in the case where the slave unit 1 detects a power failure will be described.
Fig. 19 is a flowchart showing an operation of transmitting a power failure notification message only during a large-scale use period when the slave unit 1 itself detects a power failure in embodiment 1 of the present invention. When the power failure detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 detects a power failure, the power failure information processing unit 9 generates a power failure notification message (S71), and starts a random transmission waiting timer within a small-scale use period (S72).
Then, the power outage information processing unit 9 determines whether or not a power outage notification message is received from another slave unit 1 by broadcast before the transmission wait timer times out (S73).
If it is not determined at S73 that the power failure notification message has been received from another slave unit 1 by broadcasting, it is determined whether or not the transmission wait timer has timed out (S74).
If the transmission wait timer has not timed out, the process returns to S73.
If the transmission waiting timer has timed out, the power failure notification message is broadcasted (S76), and the process of S77 and thereafter is performed.
When it is determined at S73 that the power failure notification message has been received from the other slave unit by broadcasting, the transmission waiting timer is stopped (S75).
Then, a random transmission waiting timer is started within the large-scale usage period, starting from the end of the small-scale usage period (S77).
Next, it is determined whether the transmission wait timer has timed out (S78).
When the transmission waiting timer times out, the power outage information processing unit 9 unicasts its own power outage notification message via the mesh network control unit 12, the wireless medium access control unit 13, and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S79).
If the transmission wait timer has not timed out, the process of S78 is performed to wait for the transmission wait timer to time out.
Next, an operation in the case where the slave unit 1 itself does not detect a power failure will be described.
Fig. 20 is a flowchart showing an operation of transmitting a power failure notification message only during a large-scale use period when the slave unit 1 itself in embodiment 1 of the present invention does not detect a power failure.
When the slave unit 1 receives the power failure notification message from the other slave unit 1 by broadcasting when the power failure detection unit 8 of the slave unit 1 does not detect the power failure, the power failure information processing unit 9 starts a random transfer waiting timer (S81).
Next, it is determined whether or not the power failure notification message is received from the plurality of slave units 1 by broadcasting (S82).
When the power failure notification message is not received by broadcasting from the plurality of slave units 1, it is determined whether or not the transfer wait timer has timed out (S83).
When the power failure notification message is received by broadcasting from the slave unit 1, the transfer wait timer is stopped (S84), and the process is terminated.
Since the processing is finished, the power failure notification message is not broadcast to the peripheral slave units 1. When the power failure notification message is transmitted from another slave unit 1 by unicast, the transmission destination information is determined, and the power failure notification message is transmitted to the next slave unit 1 by unicast.
When the transmission wait timer times out in S83, the slave unit 1 that has received the power outage notification message by broadcasting broadcasts the power outage notification message to the peripheral slave units 1 via the mesh network control unit 12, the wireless medium access control unit 13, and the wireless communication control unit 14 (S85).
When the power failure notification message is transmitted from the other slave unit 1 by unicast, the power failure notification message is transmitted to the next slave unit 1 by unicast.
As described above, by receiving the power failure notification message from the plurality of slave units 1, it is possible to detect that a power failure has occurred in the plurality of slave units 1. Therefore, since the transmission of the power failure notification information is stopped during the small-scale period and the power failure notification information is transmitted only during the large-scale use period, the consumption of the secondary power supply 6 can be suppressed.
Further, since the occurrence of a power failure in the plurality of slave units 1 can be detected by receiving the power failure notification message from the plurality of other slave units 1, the transmission of the plurality of power failure notification messages is stopped during the small-scale use period, and the power failure notification messages are transmitted only during the large-scale use period, so that the consumption of the secondary power supply can be suppressed.
Industrial applicability
As described above, the communication device according to the present invention divides the power failure notification period into the small-scale use period and the large-scale use period, and broadcasts the power failure notification information during the small-scale use period without determining whether or not the peripheral slave unit 1 has a power failure. Then, the power outage notification information is transmitted again by unicast in the large-scale usage period after the small-scale usage period, and it is not necessary to transmit a confirmation communication message of the power outage notification message transmitted in the small-scale usage period, so that the communication load can be reduced.
Description of the reference symbols
1: a communication device (slave device); 2: a central processing unit; 3: a memory; 4: a transceiver; 5: an antenna; 6: a secondary power supply; 7: a measuring device; 8: a power failure detection unit; 9: a power failure information processing unit; 10: a measurement information processing unit; 11: a message processing unit; 12: a mesh network control unit; 13: a wireless medium access control unit; 14: a wireless communication control unit; 21: a communication device (master); 22: a central processing unit; 23: a memory; 24: a transceiver; 25: an antenna; 26: a secondary power supply; 27: a WAN interface; 28: a power failure information processing unit; 29: a measurement information processing unit; 30: a message processing unit; 31: a mesh network control unit; 32: a wide area network communication control unit; 33: a wireless medium access control unit; 34: a wireless communication control unit; 41: during power outage notification; 42: during small-scale use; 43: during large scale use; 44: detecting power failure; 45: a notification deadline at small scale; 46: a large scale notification deadline; 100: a wireless mesh network; 200: a WAN; 300: a server; 600: an automatic table look-up system.

Claims (11)

1. A communication device that constitutes a wireless multihop mesh network, comprising:
a power failure detection unit that detects a power failure of a power supply provided to the communication device;
a power outage information processing unit that divides the set power outage notification period into a1 st period and a2 nd period when the power outage detection unit detects a power outage, generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting in the 1 st period, and generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast in the 2 nd period; and
and a wireless communication control unit that transmits a frame including the power failure information to another communication device.
2. The communication device of claim 1,
the power outage information processing unit, upon receiving power outage information from another communication device during the period 1, merges power outage notification messages from the other communication devices into its own power outage notification message.
3. The communication device of claim 2,
the power outage information processing unit, upon receiving a power outage notification message from another communication device during the random transmission waiting time of the 1 st period, merges the received power outage notification message into its own power outage notification message.
4. The communication device of claim 1,
the power outage information processing unit does not output the power outage information based on the broadcast during the 1 st period when the power outage notification message is received from the other communication device during the random transmission waiting time during the 1 st period.
5. The communication device according to claim 3 or 4,
the power failure information processing unit weights the random transmission waiting time using a hop count from a master of the communication device.
6. The communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the power failure information processing unit stops transmission of a message other than the power failure notification message.
7. The communication device of claim 1,
the power outage information processing unit generates and outputs power outage information that is broadcasted by combining the power outage notification information with the power outage notification message that has been received, when the power outage detection unit does not detect a power outage and receives a power outage notification message from another communication device by broadcasting.
8. The communication device of claim 7,
the power failure information processing unit stops the transfer of messages other than the power failure notification message.
9. A communication device that configures a wireless multihop mesh network and transmits a power failure notification message received from a subordinate communication device to a server, the communication device comprising:
a power failure information processing unit that receives power failure information from a communication device under control by broadcast in a1 st period obtained by dividing the set power failure notification period, determines whether or not the power failure information is not received, and receives power failure information from a communication device under control by unicast in a2 nd period obtained by dividing the power failure notification period, determines whether or not the power failure information is not received, and outputs the power failure information that has not been received; and
and a wide area network communication control unit that transmits the power failure information that has not been received to a server via a wide area network.
10. A communication method of a communication apparatus constituting a wireless multihop mesh network, the communication method of the communication apparatus comprising:
a power failure detection step of detecting a power failure of a power supply to the communication device;
a power outage information processing step of dividing the set power outage notification period into a1 st period and a2 nd period when the power outage is detected in the power outage detection step, generating and outputting power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting in the 1 st period, and generating and outputting power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicasting in the 2 nd period; and
and a wireless communication control unit that transmits a frame including the power failure information to another communication device.
11. A communication system comprising a server and a communication device connected to the server via a wide area network to form a wireless multihop mesh network,
the 1 st communication device includes:
a power failure detection unit that detects a power failure of a power supply provided to the power supply unit;
a power outage information processing unit that divides the set power outage notification period into a1 st period and a2 nd period when the power outage detection unit detects a power outage, generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by broadcasting in the 1 st period, and generates and outputs power outage information in which a power outage notification message is transmitted by unicast in the 2 nd period; and
a wireless communication control unit that transmits a frame including the power failure information to another communication device,
the 2 nd communication device includes:
a power outage information processing unit that determines whether or not power outage information received from the 1 st communication device under its control has not been received, and outputs the power outage information that has not been received; and
a wide area network communication control unit that transmits the power outage information that has not been received to the server via a wide area network,
the server receives the power outage information from the 2 nd communication device.
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