CN110603418B - 具有改善的排热的电气装置 - Google Patents

具有改善的排热的电气装置 Download PDF

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CN110603418B
CN110603418B CN201780090474.1A CN201780090474A CN110603418B CN 110603418 B CN110603418 B CN 110603418B CN 201780090474 A CN201780090474 A CN 201780090474A CN 110603418 B CN110603418 B CN 110603418B
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CN110603418A (zh
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保罗·帕瓦内洛
罗伯托·赞诺尔
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Hitachi Energy Co ltd
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    • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
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Abstract

一种电气装置(1)，该电气装置(1)包括产生热的部分和用于通过与流体进行热交换来使产生的所述热消散的部分，其中，所述散热部分包括用于在流体中产生湍流的装置。

Description

具有改善的排热的电气装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在比如液浸式变压器和干式变压器及其部件、马达、风扇等的电气装置中的排热。
背景技术
在变压器领域，变压器包括产生热的部件，比如芯和绕组。热从这样的部件传递至围绕这些部件的流体中，然后最终通过合适的冷却系统在环境中消散。通常，排热影响冷却系统的尺寸，并且因此影响变压器的总成本。
类似的考虑适用于诸如马达或风扇之类的不同的电气装置，其中，热通过在电气装置的散热部分比如翅片、散热器等周围流动的空气而被移除。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电气装置，比如变压器、电马达、风扇等，该电气装置构造成用于优化排热，从而减小装置的整体尺寸和成本。
该目的和其他目的通过根据权利要求1的电气装置来实现。
从属权利要求限定了本发明的可能的有利实施方式。
附图说明
由作为参照附图的示例而给出的优选实施方式的以下描述，根据本发明的电气装置的其他特征和优点将变得更明显，在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的实施方式的变压器的局部剖视的立体图；
图2示出了根据本发明的可能实施方式的用于产生湍流的装置的示意图；
图3示出了根据本发明的另一可能实施方式的变压器的局部剖视的立体图；
图4示出了根据本发明的可能实施方式的变压器芯的示意性截面图；
图5示出了根据本发明的可能实施方式的变压器绕组的细节的截面图；
图6示出了根据本发明的另一可能实施方式的变压器绕组的细节的局部立体图；
图7示出了根据本发明的可能实施方式的导体线的立体图；
图8示出了根据本发明的可能实施方式的连续换位线缆的侧视图；
图9示出了根据本发明的另一可能实施方式的连续换位线缆的立体图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，电气装置总体上以附图标记1指示。本发明的含义内的电气装置可以包括例如变压器、马达、风扇及其部件，比如导体、芯、绕组、箱、散热器。
电气装置1总体上包括至少一个产生热的部分和至少一个用于使由所述产热部分产生的热消散的部分。热主要是由于诸如焦耳效应、涡电流、磁滞等的电现象而产生的。为了排热，散热部分与流体成热交换关系、例如与流体接触。流体通常可以包括诸如油、酯或硅树脂之类的液体或者诸如SF6(六氟化硫)或空气之类的气体。例如，在干式变压器的情况下，通过与产生热的变压器有源部件接触的环境空气来移除热。但应注意的是，有时通过主流体和副流体来移除热。具体地，产热部分可以与主流体成热交换关系，主流体又与散热部分成热交换关系，散热部分与副流体成热交换关系。例如，在填充有矿物油的变压器中，油在产生热的有源部件周围流动。热从矿物油传递至冷却系统，比如散热器、热交换器等。然后，热从冷却系统传递至环境流体、比如空气或水。因此，通常，主流体可以包括油、酯、硅树脂、空气、SF6(六氟化硫)，而副流体可以包括空气或水。
参照例如变压器(图1)，该变压器包括芯2和安装至芯2的一个或更多个绕组3，其中，每个绕组包括至少一个低压绕组和至少一个高压绕组。根据变压器的类型，绕组可以包括铸造线圈、箔式绕组、层式绕组、螺旋式绕组、盘式绕组或箔盘绕组。，变压器可以被安置在填充有油——在该变压器是油浸式变压器的情况下——或如上所述的任何其他合适的流体的箱4中。在变压器中，产热部分可以例如包括：芯2及其任何金属夹持结构件、绕组3、连接绕组3的部件的导体、箱壁。
在该示例性布置中，散热部分可以例如包括：芯2的内部冷却管道5、芯的外表面6、绕组内部冷却管道7、绕组外表面8、绝缘导体9、内部或外部箱壁10、翅片15。
应注意的是，在变压器中，上面的散热部分可以与空气(例如，翅片与空气)成热交换关系或者与油(例如，内箱壁与油)成热交换关系。
根据本发明，上述散热部分包括用于在与散热部分本身接触的流体中产生湍流的装置。实际上，与散热部分接触的流体通常是层流的。相反，如果流动模式是湍流的，则可以增加与流体的热交换。因此，例如可以减小热交换表面的尺寸。
用于产生湍流的装置可以以多种方式构造。
根据可能的实施方式，用于产生湍流的装置包括定位成与流体接触的小齿11(图2)。
根据可能的实施方式，小齿包括定位成与流体接触的肋12。肋12包括在散热部分表面13上伸展的长形本体。特别地，肋的主纵向尺寸平行于散热部分表面3，同时肋12的高度从散热部分表面13横向突出。根据可能的实施方式，用于产生湍流的装置包括优选地定向成彼此平行的多个所述肋12。更优选地，如果流体主流方向已知(例如，在围绕散热部分强制流动的情况下)，则肋12定向成使得肋12的纵向方向横向于流体主流方向。根据可能的实施方式，肋12被分成多个组，其中，每个组13包括多个平行的肋12。有利地，在每个组13中，肋12的尺寸不同，使得肋12的端部限定两个相反的正弦波14。
根据另一实施方式，用于产生湍流的装置包括位于散热部分的表面上的波纹，该波纹注定要与流体接触。在这方面，参见例如图3中所示的示例性实施方式。图3中的变压器包括箱壁，该箱壁具有在该箱壁上向外延伸的波纹15。波纹15可以由被弯折成在横向截面上呈现峰16与谷17交替的形状的板形成。每个波纹15优选地平行于下一波纹延伸，从而横向于散热部分表面扩展、在这种情况下从相应的箱壁10横向地扩展。应注意的是，在该实施方式中，波纹15也形成翅片。可以在比如电动马达或风扇之类的不同类型的电机的散热器中设置相同的翅片布置。
还应注意，根据其他可能的实施方式，波纹还可以更广义地意指高粗糙度表面的含义。换句话说，散热部分总体上可以具有形成用于产生湍流的装置的高粗糙度表面，该高粗糙度表面可以以多种方式获得，例如通过以合适的方式对表面进行加工、通过印刷表面、或通过在散热部分的表面上点涂适当的绝缘材料来获得。优选地，高粗糙度表面具有大于0.2mm、更优选地大于1mm的粗糙度。有利地，粗糙度不超过6mm。
根据可能的实施方式，上述翅片15也可以具有上述值的高粗糙度。
根据另一可能的实施方式，用于产生湍流的装置包括由线材制成的网状件，该网状件施加在散热部分的表面上或绕散热部分卷绕。网状件可以布置成网状带。
应注意的是，用于产生湍流的上述装置可以定位在传导表面(比如翅片、箱壁)上、绝缘表面(例如用于使导体绝缘的纸)上、以及冷却管道中。
在下文中，将描述根据本发明的电气装置的一些其他示例性实施方式。
在图4中，示出了根据示例性实施方式的芯2的截面图。根据该实施方式，芯2包括布置在两个相对的夹持板24之间的多个层压块18。此处，层压块的周缘近似可以卷绕有绕组的大致圆形形状。在芯内部，形成有冷却管道19。具体地，一些层压块18被间隔开，并且冷却管道19定位或形成在层压块18之间的空间20中。冷却管道19在芯内部纵向延伸，并且比如油的冷却流体在冷却管道19内部流动。在冷却管道19的内部设置有用于在冷却流体中产生湍流的装置，比如上述类型的小齿或肋、或如上面所论述的高粗糙度表面、或者将在下面描述的类型的装置。此外，这样的用于在空气或油中产生湍流的装置可以设置在芯的外表面中。
在图5至图6中，在两个可能的实施方式中示出了绕组3内的冷却管道19。绕组匝数由绝缘壁21间隔开。在第一实施方式(图5)中设置有层式绕组3，并且冷却管道19在绝缘壁21之内或之间轴向伸展，绝缘壁21可以设置有用于产生湍流的装置。在第二实施方式(图6)中设置有箔式绕组26，并且冷却管道19沿绝缘壁21纵向延伸。冷却管道19可以形成在例如相邻的间隔开的肋25之间，肋25形成在绝缘壁21中。两个实施方式中的冷却管道19均设置有用于在冷却管道19中流动的流体中产生湍流的装置。另外，用于产生湍流的装置可以设置在绕组的外表面上，例如铸造线圈中。这还改善了介电性能，特别是获得了较高的蠕变强度。
在图7至图9中示出了导体22。在图7中所示的实施方式中，由线材23制成的网状件绕导体22卷绕，从而形成用于产生湍流的装置。在图8中所示的实施方式中，网状件23被卷绕在连续换位线缆上，而在图9中的实施方式中，网状带27被卷绕在连续换位线缆上。网状带27可以承载网状件或构造为网状件本身，例如网状带27可以包括多个孔28。在所有上述情况中，网状件和网状带构造成增大表面粗糙度，并因此实现用于产生湍流的装置。
对于根据本发明的电气装置的上述实施方式，为了满足特定的当前需求，技术人员可以在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下使用其他操作性上等同的元件进行多种添加、改型或元件的替换。

Claims (16)

1.一种电气装置(1)，所述电气装置(1)包括产生热的部分和用于通过与流体进行热交换来使产生的所述热消散的散热部分，其中，所述散热部分包括用于在所述流体中产生湍流的装置，其中，用于产生湍流的所述装置包括定位成与所述流体接触的多个肋(12)，其中，所述多个肋中的所述肋(12)被定向成彼此平行并且被定向成使得所述肋(12)的纵向方向横向于流体主流方向，并且所述多个肋中的所述肋(12)被分成多个组，其中，每个组包括多个平行的肋(12)，每个组中的所述肋(12)的尺寸不同，使得每个组中的所述肋(12)的端部限定两个相反的正弦波(14)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电气装置(1)，其中，用于产生湍流的所述装置包括定位成与所述流体接触的小齿(11)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述肋(12)包括在至少一个散热部分表面(13)上纵向伸展的长形本体。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电气装置(1)，其中，用于产生湍流的所述装置包括位于所述散热部分的表面上的波纹(15)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述波纹(15)由被弯折成呈现出峰(16)和谷(17)交替的形状的板形成，其中，每个波纹(15)平行于下一波纹延伸并横向于散热部分表面扩展。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述散热部分包括具有大于0.2mm的粗糙度的至少一个表面，所述至少一个表面形成用于产生湍流的所述装置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述散热部分的所述至少一个表面具有大于1mm的粗糙度。
8.根据权利要求6所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述散热部分的所述至少一个表面具有小于或等于6mm的粗糙度。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电气装置(1)，其中，用于产生湍流的所述装置包括由线材制成的网状件(23)，或者包括网状带(27)，所述网状件(23)或所述网状带(27)施加在所述散热部分的表面上或者绕所述散热部分卷绕。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述电气装置包括变压器，所述变压器具有芯(2)和安装至所述芯(2)的一个或更多个绕组(3)，每个绕组(3)包括至少一个低压绕组和至少一个高压绕组，并且所述散热部分包括：芯冷却管道(19)、和/或所述芯的外表面(6)、和/或所述绕组的外表面、和/或翅片(15)、和/或一个或更多个导体(22)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述芯包括多个层压块(18)，至少一些层压块(18)是间隔开的，并且所述冷却管道(19)定位或形成在所述层压块(18)之间的空间(20)中。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述变压器包括用于液体的箱，所述液体实现了所述流体，其中，所述散热部分包括箱壁(10)，其中，用于产生湍流的所述装置定位在所述箱壁内部和/或外部。
13.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述电气装置选自包括变压器、马达、风扇的组。
14.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述流体选自包括空气、油、酯、硅树脂或六氟化硫的组。
15.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述产生热的部分与主流体成热交换关系，所述主流体与所述散热部分成热交换关系，所述散热部分与副流体成热交换关系。
16.根据权利要求15所述的电气装置(1)，其中，所述主流体选自包括油、酯、硅树脂、空气、六氟化硫的组，并且所述副流体选自包括空气、水的组。
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