CN110598551A - Method, device, equipment and medium for improving pedestrian identity recognition efficiency - Google Patents

Method, device, equipment and medium for improving pedestrian identity recognition efficiency Download PDF

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CN110598551A
CN110598551A CN201910732754.9A CN201910732754A CN110598551A CN 110598551 A CN110598551 A CN 110598551A CN 201910732754 A CN201910732754 A CN 201910732754A CN 110598551 A CN110598551 A CN 110598551A
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description information
pedestrian
information
camera
identity
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CN110598551B (en
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邵新庆
蒲恒
宋咏君
刘强
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Shenzhen Liwei Zhilian Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing ZNV Software Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Liwei Zhilian Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing ZNV Software Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/50Context or environment of the image
    • G06V20/52Surveillance or monitoring of activities, e.g. for recognising suspicious objects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/16Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
    • G06V40/161Detection; Localisation; Normalisation
    • G06V40/166Detection; Localisation; Normalisation using acquisition arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/16Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
    • G06V40/168Feature extraction; Face representation

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  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a medium for improving the pedestrian identity recognition efficiency, wherein the method comprises the steps of acquiring video data acquired by a common camera and an AI camera; detecting a pedestrian from video data acquired by an AI camera and acquiring first description information of the detected pedestrian, and detecting the pedestrian from video data acquired by a common camera and acquiring second description information of the detected pedestrian; correspondingly storing the pedestrian and the first description information thereof to form an identity information search library; calculating the similarity between the first description information and the second description information, judging whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree, and if so, associating the second description information with the first description information; and updating the identity information search library according to the first description information and the second description information of the related pedestrians. Therefore, the required pedestrian identity information can be quickly and accurately searched from the identity information search library.

Description

Method, device, equipment and medium for improving pedestrian identity recognition efficiency
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a medium for improving the identification efficiency of a pedestrian.
Background
In the field of security protection, the application of face recognition is mainly realized by newly building an AI camera with face recognition functions such as face snapshot on a sensing node or returning a video stream of a common camera to a back-end server.
Compared with tens of millions of public security monitoring cameras in the whole country, the occupancy rate of the AI camera is relatively low. And the construction cost is high, and the period is long. And the video stream is transmitted to the back end to realize the purpose, and for the application of face recognition, a monitoring camera has a plurality of old devices. Due to the technical factors and the erection height in the prior art, the quality of the collected face image is not high, the resolution ratio of a general face image is low, and the efficiency of the face image used for identifying the identity of the pedestrian is poor. In the field of pedestrian identity recognition, the definition of a captured image is high due to the requirement of face recognition, and the requirement is difficult to meet by a common camera. But the AI camera that has face identification function can satisfy the requirement, but the AI camera pervasion volume among the prior art is very little, can not reach the demand of security protection control to the AI camera construction cycle is very long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve among the prior art because AI camera arrangement rate is low, and ordinary camera is because it is not enough to shoot the definition, consequently based on the unable quick technical problem who discerns the trip personal identity information of current few AI camera and ordinary camera, this application provides following technical scheme:
a method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identity recognition is applied to pedestrian identity recognition equipment, the pedestrian identity recognition equipment is respectively in communication connection with a plurality of common cameras and at least one AI camera, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring video data collected by the common camera and the AI camera;
detecting a pedestrian from the video data acquired by the AI camera and acquiring first description information of the detected pedestrian, and detecting the pedestrian from the video data acquired by the common camera and acquiring second description information of the detected pedestrian;
correspondingly storing the pedestrian and the first description information thereof to form an identity information search library;
calculating the similarity between the first description information and the second description information, judging whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree, and if so, associating the second description information with the first description information;
and updating the identity information search library according to the associated first description information and second description information of the pedestrian.
Wherein the calculating the similarity between the first description information and the second description information, determining whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree, and if so, associating the second description information with the first description information includes:
respectively obtaining the feature vectors of the first description information and the second description information, calculating whether the Euclidean distance between the two feature vectors is larger than a preset value, if so, determining that the similarity between the first description information and the second description information is larger than a preset degree, and associating the second description information with the pedestrian corresponding to the first description information.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and clearing the identity information search library after each preset time period.
Wherein the first description information and the second description information both comprise a plurality of information elements;
the updating the identity information search library according to the first description information and the second description information of the associated pedestrian comprises:
for each information element in the second description information, sequentially judging whether the first description information contains the information element, if so, replacing the information element corresponding to the pedestrian in the identity information search library with the information element in the second description information; and if not, adding the information elements in the information search library.
The first description information and the second description information at least comprise face information and pedestrian features.
The utility model provides an improve pedestrian's identification efficiency's device is equipped with pedestrian's identification equipment, identification equipment respectively with a plurality of ordinary cameras and at least one AI camera communication connection, the device includes:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring video data acquired by the common camera and the AI camera;
the pedestrian detection module is used for detecting pedestrians from the video data collected by the AI camera and the common camera respectively and acquiring first description information and second description information of the detected pedestrians respectively;
the system comprises a pedestrian management module, a first description information storage module and a second description information storage module, wherein the pedestrian management module is used for correspondingly storing the pedestrian and the first description information thereof to form an identity information search library;
the pedestrian correlation module is used for calculating the similarity between the first description information and the second description information, judging whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree or not, and correlating the second description information with the first description information if the similarity is greater than the preset degree;
and the updating module is used for updating the identity information search library according to the associated first description information and second description information of the pedestrian.
Further, the system also comprises a feature extraction module, which is used for respectively extracting feature vectors of the first description information and the second description information;
the pedestrian correlation module is used for calculating whether the Euclidean distance between the feature vectors is larger than a preset value or not, if yes, the similarity between the first description information and the second description information is considered to be larger than a preset degree, and the second description information is correlated with the first description information.
The identity information search module is used for searching identity information of the user, wherein the identity information search module is used for searching identity information of the user, and the identity information search module is used for clearing the identity information search library after a preset time period.
An apparatus for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification, the apparatus being in communication connection with a plurality of general cameras and at least one AI camera, respectively, the apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein computer program instructions, the computer program instructions being read and executed by the processor to perform the method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification as described above.
A computer readable storage medium comprising a program executable by a processor to implement the method of improving pedestrian identification efficiency as described above.
According to the method, the device or the equipment for improving the identification efficiency of the pedestrian, a small number of AI cameras and a large number of ordinary cameras can be adopted to respectively collect video data and obtain the first description information of the pedestrian from the collected video data, the pedestrian description information separated from the video data adopted by the AI cameras is taken as the reference information of the identity information search library, the second description information of the pedestrian obtained from the video data collected by the ordinary cameras is associated with the first description information of the pedestrian, meanwhile, the identity information search library is updated according to the first description information and the second description information of the associated pedestrian, so that the description information of the pedestrian in the identity information search library is richer, meanwhile, the pedestrian identity information can be updated in time, so that the required pedestrian identity information can be quickly and accurately searched from the identity information search library.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an arrangement of the device for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered with like associated elements. In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted or replaced with other elements, materials, methods in different instances. In some instances, certain operations related to the present application have not been shown or described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the core of the present application from excessive description, and it is not necessary for those skilled in the art to describe these operations in detail, so that they may be fully understood from the description in the specification and the general knowledge in the art.
Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the method descriptions may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identity recognition, which is applied to a pedestrian identity recognition device, the pedestrian identity recognition device is respectively in communication connection with a plurality of common cameras and AI cameras arranged in a scene, generally, in order to clearly capture the face information of a pedestrian, the AI cameras adopt intelligent cameras, as shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 101: acquiring video data collected by a common camera and an AI camera; for example, for a certain arrangement scene, the AI camera may be disposed at a gate, such as at a road exit and entrance, to acquire an identity information video of a pedestrian entering the arrangement scene, wherein the AI camera has an intelligent photographing function, so as to acquire a high-resolution and clear face image, while the general camera cannot intelligently photograph due to its fixed position, resulting in a low quality of the acquired face image and a low resolution, and therefore, when the AI camera is used for face recognition, both the recognition accuracy and the recognition efficiency are poor.
Step 102: detecting pedestrians from video data collected by an AI camera and acquiring first description information of the detected pedestrians, and detecting pedestrians from video data collected by a common camera and acquiring first description information of the detected pedestriansAcquiring second description information of the detected pedestrian; the first description information of the pedestrian detected from the video data acquired by the AI camera mainly comprises face information and features of the pedestrian, wherein the features of the pedestrian and the face features are high-dimensional feature vectors. Pedestrian features are pedestrian re-identification, ReID. This feature may take the entire portrait as input, finding the same person, or very similar persons. In the first description, two images of a human face and a pedestrian are collected, and two high-dimensional features are obtained. The second description can obtain high-dimensional features of pedestrians and unreliable face features (the face cannot be found most of the time). Through pedestrian feature matching, the pedestrian in the first description can be found in the second description. The identity information of the person can be determined by the association. Because the video data resolution ratio that the AI camera obtained is high, consequently can obtain clear face information from its video data that obtain at least, for the convenience of description information storage, for example to certain bayonet socket, mark as No. 1 bayonet socket, the video data that is got into the AI camera snapshot is marked as CA1. The AI camera acquires a face { F) through a built-in face snapshot module and a pedestrian snapshot moduleA1And pedestrians { P }A1And sending the face information and the pedestrian information to a face recognition module and a pedestrian re-recognition module of a background server for face and pedestrian feature extraction, and recording the obtained face information and the pedestrian respectively as: { fA1And pedestrians { p }A1}. Through face and pedestrian retrieval module and give face ID1And pedestrian PID1And performs identity association { PID1,ID1I.e. by PID1Can obtain ID1. The second description information analyzed by the video data acquired by the common camera includes a plurality of information elements, such as face information and pedestrian features, but because the common camera does not have an intelligent recognition function, the acquired video sometimes cannot clearly acquire all the information, such as sometimes unreliable face information, so that the face information in the video sometimes appears.
Step 103: correspondingly storing the pedestrian and the first description information thereof to form an identity information search library; for example, the obtained pedestrian and the first description information thereof are added into the identity information search library through the library management module, the state is set to be effective (the monitoring is effective), the warehousing time is recorded, and the user can obtain the corresponding identity information at any time by searching the identity information search library.
Step 104: calculating the similarity between the first description information and the second description information, judging whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree, and if so, associating the second description information with the first description information; and if the Euclidean distance between the two characteristic vectors is smaller than a preset value, the similarity between the first description information and the second description information is considered to be larger than a preset degree, and the second description information is associated with the first description information.
Step 105: and updating the identity information search library according to the first description information and the second description information of the related pedestrians. Specifically, after associating the first description information with the second description information, updating the identity information search library according to the associated first description information and second description information of the pedestrian includes: for each information element in the second description information, sequentially judging whether the first description information contains the information element, if so, replacing the information corresponding to the pedestrian in the information search library with the information element in the second description information; if not, the information element is added in the information search base. For example, if the first description information only includes face information, and the second description information includes clothing information, the clothing information is added to the description information corresponding to the pedestrian in the information search library, and the clothing information mainly refers to the type and color of clothing, such as red down jackets. In some cases, the first description information includes clothing information, for example, red overcoat, but a pedestrian changes clothing midway, the clothing information acquired by the common camera is black down jacket, and the clothing information corresponding to the pedestrian is replaced by the clothing information in the second description information, so that the information search library is updated in time, and the most prepared pedestrian identity information can be searched.
Further, after a preset time period, the identity information search library is cleared, data storage is acquired again, and a new information search library is constructed, for example, the identity information search library is cleared once every 24 hours.
According to the method, a small number of AI cameras and a large number of common cameras can be used for respectively acquiring video data and acquiring first description information of pedestrians from the acquired video data, the pedestrian description information analyzed from the video data acquired by the AI cameras is used as reference information of the identity information search library, the second description information of the pedestrians acquired from the video data acquired by the common cameras is correlated with the first description information of the pedestrians, and the identity information search library is updated according to the first description information and the second description information of the pedestrians, so that the description information of the pedestrians in the identity information search library is richer, and meanwhile, the description information can be updated in time, and therefore, the required identity information of the pedestrians can be quickly and accurately searched from the identity information search library.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides an apparatus for improving efficiency of pedestrian identification, the apparatus is equipped with a pedestrian identification device, the identification device is respectively connected with a plurality of ordinary cameras and at least one AI camera in communication with a scene, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus includes:
the data acquisition module 201 is used for acquiring video data acquired by a common camera and an AI camera;
the pedestrian detection module 202 is configured to detect pedestrians from video data acquired by the AI camera and the general camera, and acquire first description information and second description information of the detected pedestrians respectively; after the pedestrian detection module 202 detects the pedestrian, the pedestrian re-identification module extracts the high-dimensional features of the pedestrian for comparison and retrieval. The first description information and the second description information at least comprise face information, clothing information, height information and special mark information, wherein the special mark information comprises the fact that a pedestrian has a tattoo and the like. For example, for a certain gate, it is recorded as gate 1, and the video data captured by a certain entry AI camera is recorded as CA1. The AI camera obtains the face through the built-in face snapshot module and the pedestrian snapshot module{FA1And pedestrians { P }A1And sending the face information and the pedestrian information to a face recognition module and a pedestrian re-recognition module of a background server for face and pedestrian feature extraction, and recording the obtained face information and the pedestrian respectively as: { fA1And pedestrians { p }A1}. At the normal camera, note CviAnd sampling the video stream every s seconds (s is 1-5) by a pedestrian detection module of the background server, and then carrying out face detection and pedestrian detection. Face detection is performed mainly because there is some possibility that a detected face is recognized. Note that the detected faces and pedestrians are: fviAnd PviFirstly, the human face feature extraction module and the pedestrian feature extraction module are sent to carry out feature extraction. If only the face or the pedestrian is detected (the pedestrian detection module cannot detect the face or the pedestrian due to the fact that the actual scene is complex), only face or pedestrian feature extraction is carried out. By fviAnd pviAnd feature vectors respectively representing the extracted first description information and the second description information.
The bank management module 203 is used for correspondingly storing the pedestrian and the first description information thereof to form an identity information search bank; through face and pedestrian retrieval module and give face ID1And pedestrian PID1And performs identity association { PID1,ID1I.e. by PID1Can obtain ID1. And adding the characteristics into an identity information search library through a library management module, setting the state to be effective (monitoring is effective), and recording the warehousing time.
The pedestrian correlation module 204 is configured to calculate a similarity between the first description information and the second description information, determine whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree, and if so, correlate the second description information with the first description information. Specifically, the pedestrian correlation module is configured to calculate whether an euclidean distance between feature vectors is greater than a preset value, if so, determine that a similarity between the first description information and the second description information is greater than a preset degree, correlate the second description information and the first description information, and if a pedestrian PID is retrievediWithout retrieving the face IDiThen, the established association relation { PID is utilizedi,IDiEndowing the pedestrian with special characteristicsThe identity of the token is IDi. If the face information in the identity information search library is retrieved through the face information and is inconsistent with the associated ID of the pedestrian information obtained through the pedestrian feature retrieval, taking the associated ID matched with the face as the standard, simultaneously recording the inconsistent two face identity IDs and the pedestrian ID through a library management module, and storing the corresponding video screenshots for subsequent examination. If the two are consistent, the identity ID of the pedestrian feature is directly given, the detected pedestrian feature is added into an identity information search library of the pedestrian, and the identity information search library is enrichedA1、pA2、pvi}。
And the updating module 205 is configured to update the identity information search library according to the first description information and the second description information of the associated pedestrian. After the first description information and the second description information are associated, the identity information search library can be updated through the second description information, specifically, for each information element in the second description information, whether the information element is included in the first description information is sequentially judged, and if yes, the information corresponding to the pedestrian in the information search library is replaced by the information element in the second description information; if not, the information element is added in the information search base. Therefore, the description information of the pedestrian in the identity information search library is richer, and can be updated in time, so that the required pedestrian identity information can be quickly and accurately searched from the identity information search library. For example, when a pedestrian leaving the gate 1 enters another gate, it is marked as gate 2 and is marked as gate C by a certain AI cameraA2And (6) taking a snapshot. After feature extraction and search comparison, if the similarity of the description information acquired by the two AI cameras is greater than a preset value, enriching a search library fA1、fA2And pedestrians { p }A1、pA2}. AI camera C with bayonet 1, 2 only in the above embodimentA1、CA1Common video camera CviFor example, the present invention is not limited to the cameras, but a plurality of checkpoints, a plurality of AI cameras, and a plurality of general cameras in the hour-time monitoring scene.
Further, the library management module 203 is further configured to clear the identity information search library after every preset time period elapses. The overdue information is cleared in time, the memory is released, and new pedestrian information is stored. For example, zero point of each day clears each pedestrian information in the expired pedestrian identity information search library.
Through the equipment of the embodiment, a small number of AI cameras and a large number of common cameras can be adopted to respectively collect video data and acquire first description information of pedestrians from the collected video data, the pedestrian description information analyzed from the video data adopted by the AI cameras is used as the reference information of the identity information search library, the second description information of the pedestrians acquired from the video data collected by the common cameras is correlated with the first description information of the pedestrians, and the identity information search library is updated according to the correlated first description information and second description information of the pedestrians, so that the description information of the pedestrians in the identity information search library is richer, and meanwhile, the description information can be updated in time, and therefore, the required pedestrian identity information can be quickly and accurately searched from the identity information search library.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides an apparatus for improving pedestrian identification efficiency, as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus is respectively in communication connection with a plurality of general cameras and at least one AI camera, the AI cameras are generally disposed at the gates of the access gates of the urban arrangement scene, the general cameras are disposed along the line, the identification apparatus includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores computer program instructions, and the computer program instructions are read and executed by the processor to perform the method for improving pedestrian identification efficiency as provided in embodiment 1.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium including a program that can be executed by a processor to implement the method of improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification as provided in embodiment 1.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving the pedestrian identity recognition efficiency is applied to pedestrian identity recognition equipment, wherein the pedestrian identity recognition equipment is respectively in communication connection with a plurality of common cameras and at least one AI camera, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring video data collected by the common camera and the AI camera;
detecting a pedestrian from the video data acquired by the AI camera and acquiring first description information of the detected pedestrian, and detecting the pedestrian from the video data acquired by the common camera and acquiring second description information of the detected pedestrian;
correspondingly storing the pedestrian and the first description information thereof to form an identity information search library;
calculating the similarity between the first description information and the second description information, judging whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree, and if so, associating the second description information with the first description information;
and updating the identity information search library according to the associated first description information and second description information of the pedestrian.
2. The method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identity recognition according to claim 1, wherein the calculating a similarity between the first description information and the second description information, determining whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree, and if so, associating the second description information with the first description information comprises:
respectively obtaining the feature vectors of the first description information and the second description information, calculating whether the Euclidean distance between the two feature vectors is larger than a preset value, if so, determining that the similarity between the first description information and the second description information is larger than a preset degree, and associating the second description information with the pedestrian corresponding to the first description information.
3. The method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification as defined in claim 1, further comprising: and clearing the identity information search library after each preset time period.
4. The method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification according to claim 2, wherein the first descriptive information and the second descriptive information each include a plurality of information elements;
the updating the identity information search library according to the first description information and the second description information of the associated pedestrian comprises:
for each information element in the second description information, sequentially judging whether the first description information contains the information element, if so, replacing the information element corresponding to the pedestrian in the identity information search library with the information element in the second description information; and if not, adding the information elements in the information search library.
5. The method for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification according to claim 1, wherein the first description information and the second description information at least include face information and pedestrian features.
6. The utility model provides an improve pedestrian's identification efficiency's device which characterized in that is equipped with pedestrian's identification equipment, identification equipment respectively with a plurality of ordinary cameras and at least one AI camera communication connection, the device includes:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring video data acquired by the common camera and the AI camera;
the pedestrian detection module is used for detecting pedestrians from the video data collected by the AI camera and the common camera respectively and acquiring first description information and second description information of the detected pedestrians respectively;
the system comprises a pedestrian management module, a first description information storage module and a second description information storage module, wherein the pedestrian management module is used for correspondingly storing the pedestrian and the first description information thereof to form an identity information search library;
the pedestrian correlation module is used for calculating the similarity between the first description information and the second description information, judging whether the similarity is greater than a preset degree or not, and correlating the second description information with the first description information if the similarity is greater than the preset degree;
and the updating module is used for updating the identity information search library according to the associated first description information and second description information of the pedestrian.
7. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identity recognition according to claim 6, further comprising a feature extraction module, configured to extract feature vectors of the first description information and the second description information respectively;
the pedestrian correlation module is used for calculating whether the Euclidean distance between the feature vectors is larger than a preset value or not, if yes, the similarity between the first description information and the second description information is considered to be larger than a preset degree, and the second description information is correlated with the first description information.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the database management module is further configured to clear the identity information search repository after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.
9. An apparatus for improving the efficiency of pedestrian identification, wherein the apparatus is in communication with a plurality of general cameras and at least one AI camera, respectively, the apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein computer program instructions which, when read and executed by the processor, perform the method of any one of claims 1-5.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized by comprising a program executable by a processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1-5.
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