CN110595982A - Testing device and calculating method for anisotropic permeability of rock gas - Google Patents
Testing device and calculating method for anisotropic permeability of rock gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN110595982A CN110595982A CN201910976256.9A CN201910976256A CN110595982A CN 110595982 A CN110595982 A CN 110595982A CN 201910976256 A CN201910976256 A CN 201910976256A CN 110595982 A CN110595982 A CN 110595982A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010206 sensitivity analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device and a calculating method for anisotropic permeability of rock gas, wherein the testing device comprises a gas storage tank, a gas chamber, a vacuum pump and a sample chamber; the gas storage tank is communicated with the gas chamber through a first pipeline, the gas chamber is communicated with the sample chamber through a second pipeline, the vacuum pump is communicated with the second pipeline through a third pipeline, and the sample chamber is communicated with the atmosphere through a fourth pipeline; the first pipeline is provided with a first control valve, the second pipeline is provided with a second control valve and a pressure gauge between the joint of the third pipeline and the second pipeline and the air chamber, and the pressure gauge is positioned on the right side of the second control valve; and a third control valve is arranged on the third pipeline, a fourth control valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline, and a gas flowmeter is arranged on the right side of the fourth control valve. The testing device has simple structure and low cost, and is very suitable for laboratories of colleges and universities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics experiments, in particular to a device and a method for testing the anisotropic permeability of rock gas.
Background
The rock mass exhibits significant anisotropy under the influence of geological structure and the like. The difference of rock permeability in the same burial depth and different bedding directions can reach two orders of magnitude. At present, longitudinal permeability measuring methods for rock cores are mature, and include a steady-state seepage method, a pressure pulse method, an improvement method thereof and the like. For permeability measurement of rocks in different directions, a common method is to prepare cores in other directions on the same rock block for permeability measurement. Because the rock sample preparation process has different degrees of damage (such as generation of new microcracks), the great error possibly exists in the core measurement results in different bedding directions, and how to accurately represent the anisotropic permeability of the same rock sample is still to be further studied.
An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a rock gas anisotropic permeability testing device which has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a calculation method for measuring the anisotropic permeability of rock gas by using the test device, which has comprehensive test and high measurement precision.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a testing device for anisotropic permeability of rock gas is characterized by comprising a gas storage tank, a gas chamber, a vacuum pump and a sample chamber;
the gas storage tank is communicated with the gas chamber through a first pipeline, the gas chamber is communicated with the sample chamber through a second pipeline, the vacuum pump is communicated with the second pipeline through a third pipeline, and the sample chamber is communicated with the atmosphere through a fourth pipeline;
the first pipeline is provided with a first control valve, the second pipeline is provided with a second control valve and a pressure gauge between the joint of the third pipeline and the second pipeline and the air chamber, and the pressure gauge is positioned on the right side of the second control valve;
and a third control valve is arranged on the third pipeline, a fourth control valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline, and a gas flowmeter is arranged on the right side of the fourth control valve.
As an improvement, the test device also comprises a bracket for placing the sample, wherein the bracket is positioned in the sample chamber and is fixed on the bottom surface of the sample chamber.
As a refinement, the fourth control valve is a pressure reducing valve.
As an improvement, the gas inside the gas storage tank is high-purity nitrogen.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a method for calculating the anisotropic permeability of rock gas adopts the testing device, and comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a rock sample, processing the rock sample into a cylinder, and measuring and recording the diameter and the height of the processed rock sample;
s2, placing the processed rock sample on the sample chamber inner support, closing the first control valve, the second control valve and the fourth control valve, opening the third control valve, and pumping out the air in the sample chamber by using a vacuum pump to make the sample chamber in a vacuum state;
s3, closing the third control valve and the fourth control valve, opening the first control valve and the second control valve, injecting pressure gas into the sample chamber through the second pipeline, closing the first control valve and the second control valve, and recording the initial pressure p of the system through the pressure gauge after the pressure in the system is balancedi；
S4, opening the fourth control valve and controlling the system to be at a constant pressure p through the fourth control valve0Under the condition of;
monitoring the accumulated amount of gas flowing out of the processed rock sample in each direction through the gas flowmeter;
and S5, calculating the transverse and longitudinal permeability of the rock sample after processing according to the recorded data and a formula.
And the rock sample is processed into a cylinder, namely the rock sample is processed into a rock core with the diameter of 50 multiplied by 50 mm.
As a refinement, the initial pressure p of the system is recorded in S3iThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening the first control valve and the second control valve, and injecting gas pressures of 2MPa, 2.5MPa and 3MPa into the sample chamber through the second pipeline in sequence;
after the system is balanced, the first control valve and the second control valve are closed, and initial balance pressure p is recorded through the pressure gaugeiRespectively 1.91MPa, 2.37MPa and 2.81 MPa.
As an improvement, the control system is at a constant pressure p in S40The method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening the fourth control valve and controlling the system boundary conditions at a constant pressure p by the fourth control valve0Under the condition of 1 MPa.
As a refinement, the calculation formula in S5 for calculating the transverse and longitudinal permeability of the rock sample after processing according to the above recorded data and by the formula is as follows:
wherein, KrIs the transverse permeability;
Kxlongitudinal permeability;
z is a gas compression factor;
r is the diameter of the rock sample;
l is the length of the rock sample;
VCis the volume of the rock sample;
V2is composed of
Eta is the diffusion coefficient;
mpiis an initial condition;
Mp0is a boundary condition;
p is pressure;
ωmfor Fourier transform, ωm＝mπ，m＝1,2,3...；
X is
λnIs a solution of the first class of Bessel function of order 0:
λn＝J0(0,n)，n＝1,2,3L；
λ1＝2.40483，λ2＝5.52008，λ3＝8.65373，λ4＝11.7915，λ5＝14.9309……。
compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. the testing device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is very suitable for laboratories of colleges and universities.
2. The calculation method provided by the invention is different from other test methods which can only measure the one-way permeability, the method can simultaneously measure the transverse permeability and the longitudinal permeability of the rock mass, and has short measurement time and high measurement accuracy.
3. The testing method provided by the invention plays a role in the fields of oil (gas) fields and the like for ten minutes, and can determine the production rate, divide the development layer system, optimize the well completion perforation shooting scheme and select the optimal liquid discharge position.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock gas anisotropic permeability testing device according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of cumulative gas flow versus time in a method for calculating anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to example 2 of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a gas storage tank; 2-air chamber; 3-a vacuum pump; 4-a sample chamber; 5-a first conduit; 6-a second conduit; 7-a third conduit; 8-a fourth conduit; 9-a first control valve; 10-a second control valve; 11-pressure gauge; 12-a third control valve; 13-a fourth control valve; 14-gas flow meter.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the various embodiments, the drawings which form a part of the disclosure and which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of operation of the embodiments, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the various embodiments and advantages of the invention, and, by reference to these figures, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which are not to scale and wherein like reference numerals generally refer to like elements.
The upper, lower, left or right aspects of the present invention are referred to in the drawings for convenience only.
Example 1, referring to fig. 1, a device for testing anisotropic permeability of rock gas comprises a gas storage tank 1, a gas chamber 2, a vacuum pump 3 and a sample chamber 4.
The gas storage tank 1 is communicated with the gas chamber 2 through a first pipeline 5, the gas chamber 2 is communicated with the sample chamber 4 through a second pipeline 6, the vacuum pump 3 is communicated with the second pipeline 6 through a third pipeline 7, and the sample chamber 4 is communicated with the atmosphere through a fourth pipeline 8;
a first control valve 9 is arranged on the first pipeline 5, a second control valve 10 and a pressure gauge 11 are arranged on the second pipeline 6 and between the joint of the third pipeline 7 and the second pipeline 6 and the air chamber 2, and the pressure gauge 11 is arranged on the right side of the second control valve 10;
a third control valve 12 is arranged on the third pipeline 7, a fourth control valve 13 is arranged on the fourth pipeline 8, and a gas flow meter 14 is arranged on the right side of the fourth control valve 13.
In particular, the test device further comprises a holder for holding the sample, the holder being located inside the sample chamber 4 and being fixed to the bottom surface of the sample chamber 4. Compared with the method that the sample is directly placed at the bottom of the inner side of the sample chamber 4, the bracket is arranged so that the bottom of the sample can be more exposed, and the detection accuracy is higher when the device is used for detecting the longitudinal permeability. The main effect of support is the support, gives consideration to making the sample bottom as much as possible expose in the sample room simultaneously, therefore the support can select all structures that conveniently fix in the sample room inboard, and can the steady support sample, for example can select, the top is the loop configuration, and the below is two cylinders, and the internal diameter of this loop configuration is slightly less than the external diameter of sample, and the top loop configuration is fixed at the top of two cylinders, and the bottom of two cylinders is fixed at the indoor side bottom of sample. When in use, the bottom of the sample is placed on the annular structure.
In addition, in the specific implementation, the fourth control valve 13 is a pressure reducing valve, which is mainly based on the consideration of the test accuracy, in the test process, firstly, gas is introduced into the system, so that the pressure in the system is higher than a preset value, after the pressure in the system is stabilized, the pressure reducing valve is opened, so that the pressure in the system is slowly reduced, and the initial pressure p obtained by the measurement is obtainediThe error is minimal and the accuracy of the final measurement results can be higher.
The gas in the gas storage tank 1 is high-purity nitrogen, which is mainly because the nitrogen belongs to inert gas and is introduced into the system, so that pollution cannot be introduced into the system; in addition, the use cost of the nitrogen is low.
Example 2, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a method for calculating the anisotropic permeability of rock gas, using the test apparatus of example 1, comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a rock sample, processing the rock sample into a cylinder, and measuring and recording the diameter and the height of the processed rock sample; the rock samples were specifically processed into cores of phi 50 x 50 mm.
S2, placing the processed rock sample on a support in the sample chamber 4, closing the first control valve 9, the second control valve 10 and the fourth control valve 13, opening the third control valve 12, and pumping out air in the sample chamber by using a vacuum pump to make the sample chamber in a vacuum state;
s3, closing the third control valve 12 and the fourth control valve 13, opening the first control valve 9 and the second control valve 10, injecting pressure gas into the sample chamber 4 through the second pipeline 6, closing the first control valve 9 and the second control valve 10, and recording the initial pressure p of the system through the pressure gauge 11 after the pressure in the system is balancedi；
In particular, the initial pressure p of the system is recordediThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening the first control valve 9 and the second control valve 10, and sequentially injecting gas pressures of 2MPa, 2.5MPa and 3MPa into the sample chamber 4 through the second pipeline 6;
after the system is balanced, the first control valve 9 and the second control valve 10 are closed, and the initial balance pressure p is recorded through the pressure gauge 11iRespectively 1.91MPa, 2.37MPa and 2.81 MPa.
S4, opening the fourth control valve 13 and controlling the system to be at a constant pressure p through the fourth control valve 130Under the condition of;
monitoring the accumulated amount of gas flowing out of the processed rock sample in each direction through the gas flowmeter 14;
in particular, the control system is at a constant pressure p0The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the fourth control valve 13 is opened and the system boundary conditions are controlled by the fourth control valve 13 to be at a constant pressure p0Under the condition of 1 MPa.
And S5, calculating the transverse and longitudinal permeability of the rock sample after processing according to the recorded data and a formula.
The specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, KrIs the transverse permeability;
Kxlongitudinal permeability;
z is a gas compression factor;
r is the diameter of the rock sample;
l is the length of the rock sample;
VCis the volume of the rock sample;
V2is composed of
Eta is the diffusion coefficient;
mpiis an initial condition;
Mp0is a boundary condition;
p is pressure;
ωmfor Fourier transform, ωm＝mπ，m＝1,2,3...；
X is
λnIs a solution of the first class of Bessel function of order 0:
λn＝J0(0,n)，n＝1,2,3L；
λ1＝2.40483，λ2＝5.52008，λ3＝8.65373，λ4＝11.7915，λ5＝14.9309……。
the measuring and calculating principle of the method of the invention is as follows: assuming that the anisotropic permeability of the rock core can be described by the transverse permeability and the longitudinal permeability, based on a degassing method, namely CanisterDegassingtest (hereinafter referred to as CDT), a transient method capable of simultaneously measuring the transverse permeability and the longitudinal permeability of the rock is provided; simulating a CDT test by using TOUGH + software, and comparing and analyzing the calculated transverse and longitudinal permeability with a preset value, thereby verifying the reliability of the method; based on a CDT method, the permeability of the Longmaxi shale in the directions perpendicular to the bedding and parallel to the bedding is obtained, and the measurement result is compared and analyzed with the PPD test result; finally, parameter sensitivity analysis of the CDT method is carried out, error sources of the method are discussed, and a CDT theoretical solution considering the gas desorption effect is established.
In the examples of the present invention, it is to be noted that the longitudinal permeability and the transverse permeability measured by this method are apparent permeability values when there is a gas slip effect.
In summary, by means of the technical scheme of the invention, different from other test methods which can only measure the one-way permeability, the test method establishes a transient test method which can simultaneously measure the transverse permeability and the longitudinal permeability of the rock mass, so that the test equipment is simpler and more convenient, the measurement time is shorter, and the measurement problem of the transverse permeability and the longitudinal permeability of the rock is more effectively, comprehensively and accurately solved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The device for testing the anisotropic permeability of rock gas is characterized by comprising a gas storage tank (1), a gas chamber (2), a vacuum pump (3) and a sample chamber (4);
the gas storage tank (1) is communicated with the gas chamber (2) through a first pipeline (5), the gas chamber (2) is communicated with the sample chamber (4) through a second pipeline (6), the vacuum pump (3) is communicated with the second pipeline (6) through a third pipeline (7), and the sample chamber (4) is communicated with the atmosphere through a fourth pipeline (8);
a first control valve (9) is arranged on the first pipeline (5), a second control valve (10) and a pressure gauge (11) are arranged on the second pipeline (6) and between the joint of the third pipeline (7) and the second pipeline (6) and the air chamber (2), and the pressure gauge (11) is arranged on the right side of the second control valve (10);
a third control valve (12) is arranged on the third pipeline (7), a fourth control valve (13) is arranged on the fourth pipeline (8), and a gas flowmeter (14) is arranged on the right side of the fourth control valve (13).
2. A device for testing the anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to claim 1, further comprising a holder for holding a sample, wherein the holder is located in the sample chamber (4) and fixed to the bottom surface of the sample chamber (4).
3. A rock gas anisotropic permeability testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fourth control valve (13) is a pressure reducing valve.
4. The device for testing the anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to claim 3, wherein the gas inside the gas storage tank (1) is high-purity nitrogen.
5. A method for calculating the anisotropic permeability of rock gas, which is used in the device for testing the anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to claim 4, and which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a rock sample, processing the rock sample into a cylinder, and measuring and recording the diameter and the height of the processed rock sample;
s2, placing the processed rock sample on a support in the sample chamber (4), closing the first control valve (9), the second control valve (10) and the fourth control valve (13), opening the third control valve (12), and pumping out air in the sample chamber by using a vacuum pump to enable the sample chamber to be in a vacuum state;
s3, closing the third control valve (12) and the fourth control valve (13), opening the first control valve (9) and the second control valve (10), injecting pressure gas into the sample chamber (4) through the second pipeline (6), and then closing the first control valve (9) and the second control valve (10),after the pressure in the system is balanced, recording the initial pressure p of the system through the pressure gauge (11)i；
S4, opening the fourth control valve (13) and controlling the system to be at a constant pressure p through the fourth control valve (13)0Under the condition of;
monitoring the accumulated amount of gas flowing out of the processed rock sample in each direction through the gas flowmeter (14);
and S5, calculating the transverse and longitudinal permeability of the rock sample after processing according to the recorded data and a formula.
6. The method for testing and calculating anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to claim 5, wherein the rock sample is processed into a cylinder, namely the rock sample is processed into a core with a diameter of phi 50 x 50 mm.
7. The method for calculating anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to claim 5, wherein the initial pressure p of the system is recorded in S3iThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening the first control valve (9) and the second control valve (10), and injecting gas pressures of 2MPa, 2.5MPa and 3MPa into the sample chamber (4) through the second pipeline (6) in sequence;
after the system is balanced, the first control valve (9) and the second control valve (10) are closed, and the initial balance pressure p is recorded through the pressure gauge (11)iRespectively 1.91MPa, 2.37MPa and 2.81 MPa.
8. The method for calculating the anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to claim 5, wherein the control system is at a constant pressure p in S40The method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening the fourth control valve (13) and controlling the system boundary conditions by means of the fourth control valve (13) to a constant pressure p0Under the condition of 1 MPa.
9. The method for calculating the anisotropic permeability of rock gas according to claim 5, wherein the calculation formula in S5 for calculating the transverse and longitudinal permeability of the rock sample after processing according to the recorded data and the formula is as follows:
wherein, KrIs the transverse permeability;
Kxlongitudinal permeability;
z is a gas compression factor;
r is the diameter of the rock sample;
l is the length of the rock sample;
VCis the volume of the rock sample;
V2is composed of
Eta is the diffusion coefficient;
mpiis an initial condition;
Mp0is a boundary condition;
p is pressure;
ωmfor Fourier transform, ωm＝mπ，m＝1,2,3...；
X is
λnIs a solution of the first class of Bessel function of order 0:
λn＝J0(0,n)，n＝1,2,3…；
λ1＝2.40483，λ2＝5.52008，λ3＝8.65373，λ4＝11.7915，λ5＝14.9309……。
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910976256.9A CN110595982B (en) | 2019-10-15 | Testing device and calculating method for rock gas anisotropic permeability |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910976256.9A CN110595982B (en) | 2019-10-15 | Testing device and calculating method for rock gas anisotropic permeability |
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| CN110595982B CN110595982B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112362551A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-12 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | Indoor convenient determination method and system for permeability of compact rock |
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