CN110595626A - Infrared detector system and imaging method - Google Patents
Infrared detector system and imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110595626A CN110595626A CN201910882100.4A CN201910882100A CN110595626A CN 110595626 A CN110595626 A CN 110595626A CN 201910882100 A CN201910882100 A CN 201910882100A CN 110595626 A CN110595626 A CN 110595626A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/80—Calibration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
Abstract
The invention discloses an infrared detector system, which comprises: the system comprises an infrared optical system, an infrared detector, a spatial resolution calibrator, an infrared signal processor, an infrared signal memory and an infrared imaging display device; the infrared optical system comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, the infrared optical lens is used for absorbing infrared radiation of a detection target and an environment, and the infrared lens is used for focusing the infrared radiation absorbed by the infrared optical lens; the infrared detector is used for converting the temperature signal focused by the infrared radiation into an electric signal; the spatial resolution calibrator is used for correcting the infrared detector; the infrared signal processor is used for carrying out thermal imaging processing on the electric signal corrected by the spatial resolution calibrator so as to form a thermal imaging signal; the infrared signal storage is used for storing the thermal imaging signal formed by the infrared signal processor; and the infrared imaging display device is used for displaying the thermal imaging signals stored by the infrared signal storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of infrared detection, in particular to an infrared detector system and an imaging method.
Background
The passive infrared imaging system is based on all objects with the temperature higher than absolute zero in nature, infrared rays are radiated at every moment, and meanwhile, the infrared radiation carries characteristic information of the objects, so that an objective foundation is provided for distinguishing the temperature and the heat distribution field of various measured targets by utilizing an infrared technology. By utilizing the characteristic, the infrared radiation of the scenery is collected by the optical system, the infrared radiation is collected on the optical scanning multi-element detector array after spectral filtering, when the scanner works, a raster like a television can be scanned in an object space, when the scanner transmits a scanned scenery image to the detector, the detector receives the radiation of the scenery point by point and converts the radiation into corresponding electric signals, and after the electric signals are processed by the video circuit, the image of the scenery can be displayed on a synchronously scanning display.
The infrared thermal imaging system in the prior art focuses on scanning a target object, which is realized based on the minimum distinguishable temperature difference between the target object and the surrounding environment, when the ambient temperature changes, the temperature difference between the target object and the ambient environment changes, and when the temperature of the background is relatively high or the temperature difference between the target object and the background is relatively small, the imaging resolution is reduced, and the image is blurred, especially due to the influence of the reduction of the resolution caused by the change of the ambient temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide an infrared detector system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an infrared detector system comprising: the system comprises an infrared optical system, an infrared detector, a spatial resolution calibrator, an infrared signal processor, an infrared signal memory and an infrared imaging display device;
the infrared optical system comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, the infrared optical lens is used for absorbing infrared radiation of a detection target and an environment, and the infrared lens is used for focusing the infrared radiation absorbed by the infrared optical lens;
the infrared detector is used for converting the temperature signal focused by the infrared radiation into an electric signal;
the spatial resolution calibrator is used for correcting the infrared detector;
the infrared signal processor is used for carrying out thermal imaging processing on the electric signal corrected by the spatial resolution calibrator so as to form a thermal imaging signal;
the infrared signal storage is used for storing the thermal imaging signal formed by the infrared signal processor;
and the infrared imaging display device is used for displaying the thermal imaging signals stored by the infrared signal storage.
Furthermore, the infrared detector comprises an infrared focal plane array, and a plurality of detection units are arranged on the infrared focal plane array.
Further, the response among the plurality of detection units is a non-uniform response.
Further, the spatially resolved calibrator is configured to perform nonlinear calibration on a plurality of detection unit rows disposed on the infrared focal plane array.
Further, the response curve H ═ a' T of the detection unit3+b'T2+ c 'T + d', wherein the gray value of H, T is the value of the radiation temperature absorbed by the infrared focal plane, and a ', b', c ', d' are preset response parameters of the detection unit.
To this end, a second object of the invention is to provide a method of infrared thermal imaging.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of infrared thermal imaging.
The method comprises the following steps: a) the infrared optical system comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, the infrared optical lens absorbs infrared radiation of a detection target and an environment, and the infrared lens is used for focusing the infrared radiation absorbed by the infrared optical lens;
b) the infrared detector converts the temperature signal focused by the infrared radiation into an electric signal;
c) the spatial resolution calibrator corrects the infrared detector;
d) the infrared signal processor carries out thermal imaging processing on the electric signal corrected by the spatial resolution calibrator so as to form a thermal imaging signal;
e) the infrared signal storage stores the thermal imaging signal formed by the infrared signal processor;
f) and the infrared imaging display device displays the thermal imaging signals stored by the infrared signal storage.
Further, reading the displayed average gray value of the detection target at different temperatures by using the infrared imaging display deviceThe spatially resolved calibrator pair is calibrated toPerforming curve fitting to obtain a preset probe response curve ofH is the gray value of the infrared imaging display device responding to the thermal image, T is the value of the infrared focal plane absorbed radiation temperature, A, B, C and D are preset response parameters of the detection unit.
Further, the response curve H ═ a' T of the detection unit3+b'T2+ c 'T + d', wherein the gray value of H, T is the value of the radiation temperature absorbed by the infrared focal plane, and a ', b', c ', d' are preset response parameters of the detection unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention carries out nonlinear correction on the nonuniformity of the infrared focal plane array by carrying out nonlinear correction on the nonuniformity of the infrared focal plane array, namely, a method that a spatial resolution calibrator marks a black body based on a target.
In addition, the invention also provides a pair of spatially resolved calibratorsThe obtained calibration valuePerforming curve fitting to obtain response curve H ═ a' T of detection unit3+b'T2+ c 'T + d' to make a non-linear correction to the infrared detector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an infrared detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a response curve of a detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an infrared detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1. an infrared optical system; 2. an infrared detector; 3. a spatially resolved calibrator; 4. an infrared signal processor; 5. infrared imaging display device, 6, infrared signal memory.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an infrared detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides an infrared detection system, which includes: the system comprises an infrared optical system 1, an infrared detector 2, a spatial resolution calibrator 3, an infrared signal processor, an infrared signal memory 4 and an infrared imaging display device 5; the infrared optical system 1 comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, wherein the infrared optical lens is used for absorbing infrared radiation of a detection target and an environment, and the infrared lens is used for focusing the infrared radiation absorbed by the infrared optical lens; and the infrared detector 2 is used for converting the temperature signal after infrared radiation is focused into an electric signal.
The spatial resolution calibrator 3 is used for correcting the infrared detector 2; an infrared signal processor for performing thermal imaging processing on the electrical signal corrected by the spatial resolution calibrator 3 to form a thermal imaging signal; the infrared signal storage 4 is used for storing the thermal imaging signal formed by the infrared signal processor; and the infrared imaging display device 5 is used for displaying the thermal imaging signals stored in the infrared signal storage 4.
The infrared detector 2 comprises an infrared focal plane array comprising a plurality of detection units. The spatial resolution calibrator 3 performs non-uniform line correction on the detection unit to enable the infrared focal plane array to perform uniform response on infrared radiation, thereby avoiding that the infrared imaging resolution is too low due to the non-uniform influence in the infrared detector 2.
The infrared optical system comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, and the lens material is selected according to the receiving wavelength, if the receiving wavelength is short wave, optical glass and quartz glass are used; such as germanium glass for receiving long wave and calcium fluoride.
In addition, a standard correction function is preset in the spatial resolution calibrator 3, the infrared radiation response functions of the infrared detector 2 at different temperatures are repeatedly measured for multiple times, and the response infrared radiation response functions are corrected, so that different response units of the infrared detector 2 have the same infrared radiation response function.
The specific algorithm implemented by the spatially resolved collimator is as follows:
s1, setting the target source temperature value as T ═ T1(° c) (for target source temperature settings, T1 can be changed as measured
Value, range 0-100 ℃);
s2, selecting the site and the working wave band (the range is 0.76-1000 μm) of the infrared detection system, and adjusting the focal length of the infrared optical lens;
s3, calibrating four surfaces of the detection target source to ensure that the radiation surface is completely filled in the detection field of the infrared detection system;
s4, reading the average gray value displayed by the target source in the infrared thermography image by using the infrared imaging display device
S5, resetting TiRepeating the steps 1-4 to obtain a set of calibration values
S6, calibrating the obtained calibration value by the space resolution calibratorPerforming curve fitting to obtain a response curve of the detecting element as
H is the gray value of the thermal image responded by the thermal imager, T is the value of the radiation absorption temperature of the infrared focal plane, A, B, C and D are response parameters relative to each detection unit, A, B, C, D can be obtained by performing linear fitting on the input and output of the detection unit of the infrared focal plane, and the inverse function of the formula (1) is solved to obtain
Derived from formula (2)
T'＝-A[B(A+D-H)(H-D)]-1Formula (3)
Obtaining the derivative of H in formula (1) as
Another expression of formula (1) can be obtained by performing an indefinite integration of formula (4), i.e.
H＝aT3+bT2+ cT + d type (5)
Wherein T is the radiation temperature of the target, H is the response output gray scale value of the detection unit, a, b, c and d are response parameters relative to each detector unit, a, b, c and d are not relative to A, B, C, D, the formula (4) is subjected to indefinite integration, so that the temperature measurement and calculation are carried out on the basis that the equation (5) has different response differences of different detection units to a, b, c and d due to the instability of the ambient temperature, the nonuniformity correction is needed, the nonuniformity response of each detection unit is corrected to be uniform, and the function expression of the corrected infrared detector response is assumed to be
H＝a'T3+b'T2+ c 'T + d' type (6)
The correction process is to establish the corresponding relation between the formula (5) and the formula (6), to map the response coefficients a, b, c and d of the detection units to a ', b', c 'and d' after transformation, to make them coincide with the same standard curve, and the corrector corrects the non-uniform response output of each detection unit by using the mapping relation between the response curve of each pixel and the standard curve (curve fitting).
As shown in fig. 2, after the curve 1 and the curve 2 are corrected and fitted, a standard curve 3 is obtained, and a standard function of the curve is output, so that a ', b', c ', and d' can be obtained, and further, the real temperature of the target surface can be obtained.
In other embodiments, a refrigeration constant temperature system is provided to keep the infrared detector system in a low temperature constant temperature environment and operate normally, thereby avoiding the sensitivity of the infrared detector system from being affected by temperature.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an infrared thermal imaging method, which comprises the following steps: a) the infrared optical system comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, the infrared optical lens absorbs infrared radiation of a detection target and an environment, and the infrared lens is used for focusing the infrared radiation absorbed by the infrared optical lens;
b) the infrared detector converts the temperature signal focused by the infrared radiation into an electric signal;
c) the spatial resolution calibrator corrects the infrared detector;
d) the infrared signal processor carries out thermal imaging processing on the electric signal corrected by the spatial resolution calibrator so as to form a thermal imaging signal;
e) the infrared signal storage stores the thermal imaging signal formed by the infrared signal processor;
f) and the infrared imaging display device displays the thermal imaging signals stored by the infrared signal storage.
Reading by using the infrared imaging display deviceTaking the average gray value of the detection target displayed at different temperatures
The spatially resolved calibrator pair is calibrated toPerforming curve fitting to obtain a response curve of the detecting element asH is the gray value of the thermal imager responding to the thermal image, T is the value of the infrared focal plane absorbed radiation temperature, A, B, C and D are preset response parameters of the detection unit.
The inverse function of the formula (1) is obtained
Derived from formula (2)
T'＝-A[B(A+D-H)(H-D)]-1Formula (3)
Obtaining the derivative of H in formula (1) as
Another expression of formula (1) can be obtained by performing an indefinite integration of formula (4), i.e.
H＝aT3+bT2+ cT + d type (5)
Assuming that the function of the corrected infrared detector response is expressed as
H＝a'T3+b'T2+ c 'T + d' type (6)
And (3) establishing a corresponding relation between the vertical type (5) and the formula (6), and mapping response coefficients a, b, c and d of the detection unit to a ', b', c 'and d' after transformation so that the response coefficients are superposed on the same standard curve.
In other embodiments, a constant temperature system is provided in the infrared detector system, so that the infrared detector system can be in a low-temperature and constant-temperature environment for a long time, thereby avoiding the influence on the sensitivity of the infrared detector system due to heating of elements in the infrared detector system caused by long-time detection. Through setting up constant temperature system, make infrared detector system can carry out high accuracy measurement for a long time.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An infrared detector system, comprising: the system comprises an infrared optical system, an infrared detector, a spatial resolution calibrator, an infrared signal processor, an infrared signal memory and an infrared imaging display device;
the infrared optical system comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, the infrared optical lens is used for absorbing infrared radiation of a detection target and an environment, and the infrared lens is used for focusing the infrared radiation absorbed by the infrared optical lens;
the infrared detector is used for responding the temperature signal focused by the infrared radiation and converting the temperature signal into an electric signal;
the spatial resolution calibrator is used for correcting the conversion of the infrared detector;
the infrared signal processor is used for carrying out thermal imaging processing on the electric signal corrected by the spatial resolution calibrator so as to form a thermal imaging signal;
the infrared signal storage is used for storing the thermal imaging signal formed by the infrared signal processor;
and the infrared imaging display device is used for displaying the thermal imaging signals stored by the infrared signal storage.
2. The infrared detector system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the infrared detector comprises an infrared focal plane array having a plurality of detection units disposed thereon.
3. The infrared detector system of claim 2, wherein the response between the plurality of detection units is a non-uniform response.
4. The infrared detector system of claim 3, wherein the spatially resolved calibrator is configured to non-linearly calibrate the plurality of rows of detection units disposed on the infrared focal plane array.
5. Infrared detector system according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the correction response curve H ═ a' T of the detection unit3+b'T2+ c 'T + d', wherein the gray value of H, T is the value of the radiation temperature absorbed by the infrared focal plane, and a ', b', c ', d' are preset response parameters of the detection unit.
6. An infrared thermal imaging method, comprising the steps of: a) the infrared optical system comprises an infrared optical lens and an infrared lens, the infrared optical lens absorbs infrared radiation of a detection target and an environment, and the infrared lens is used for focusing the infrared radiation absorbed by the infrared optical lens;
b) the infrared detector converts the temperature signal focused by the infrared radiation into an electric signal;
c) the spatial resolution calibrator corrects the infrared detector;
d) the infrared signal processor carries out thermal imaging processing on the electric signal corrected by the spatial resolution calibrator so as to form a thermal imaging signal;
e) the infrared signal storage stores the thermal imaging signal formed by the infrared signal processor;
f) and the infrared imaging display device displays the thermal imaging signals stored by the infrared signal storage.
7. The infrared thermal imaging method as set forth in claim 6, wherein the average gray-scale value of the display of the detection target at different temperatures is read by the infrared imaging display device
The spatially resolved calibrator pair is calibrated toPerforming curve fitting to obtain a preset probe response curve ofH is the gray value of the infrared imaging display device responding to the thermal image, T is the value of the infrared focal plane absorbed radiation temperature, A, B, C and D are preset response parameters of the detection unit.
8. The infrared thermal imaging method as set forth in claim 7, wherein the detection unit response curve H ═ a' T3+b'T2+ c 'T + d', wherein the gray value of H, T is the value of the radiation temperature absorbed by the infrared focal plane, and a ', b', c ', d' are preset response parameters of the detection unit.
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