CN110592580A - Laser cladding side guide plate and machining method thereof - Google Patents
Laser cladding side guide plate and machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110592580A CN110592580A CN201910929595.1A CN201910929595A CN110592580A CN 110592580 A CN110592580 A CN 110592580A CN 201910929595 A CN201910929595 A CN 201910929595A CN 110592580 A CN110592580 A CN 110592580A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B39/14—Guiding, positioning or aligning work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C47/00—Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
- B21C47/02—Winding-up or coiling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C47/00—Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
- B21C47/34—Feeding or guiding devices not specially adapted to a particular type of apparatus
- B21C47/3433—Feeding or guiding devices not specially adapted to a particular type of apparatus for guiding the leading end of the material, e.g. from or to a coiler
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/057—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B2015/0057—Coiling the rolled product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding side guide plate and a processing method thereof.A cladding layer with a sandwich structure is processed on a common steel plate substrate by adopting a laser cladding method, and the cladding layer consists of 3 layers of a bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface layer. The overall material system adopts a nickel-based high-temperature alloy system, the bottom layer has high toughness and is used for realizing the anti-fatigue function, the middle layer realizes the wear-resisting and self-lubricating functions, and the surface layer realizes the ablation-resisting and anti-oxidation functions. The three-layer structure forms a functional gradient composite board, the composite board has high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, has certain toughness to bear the impact force in the service process, and meets the special performance requirements of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and impact resistance required in the service process of coiling the front side guide plate of the metallurgical hot-rolled coil production line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machine manufacturing, and relates to a laser additive manufacturing composite plate for a super-wear-resistant side guide plate of a metallurgical hot-rolled coil production line, in particular to a laser cladding side guide plate and a processing method thereof.
Background
The side guide plate of the coiler is one of key core components of hot-rolled plate strip equipment, is positioned on a conveying roller way between laminar cooling and the coiler, and is used for clamping the strip steel and correctly guiding the strip steel into a pinch roll of the coiler during working so as to play a role in guiding and centering the hot-rolled plate strip. In the process of coiling the strip steel, 3-5 tons of clamping force is applied to the strip steel according to the side guide plates with different thicknesses, the edge of the strip steel and a working area of the side guide plates generate severe friction accompanied by impact, corrosion and high temperature, so that the side guide plates are easy to wear, the replacement frequency is extremely high, and the replacement needs about 40 minutes once. When the carbon steel plate is produced, the machine needs to be stopped for replacement within 8-24 hours; the stainless steel plate needs to be annealed in a hood-type annealing furnace after hot rolling due to the process steps, the requirement on coil shape is stricter, the highest replacement frequency of special products is 6-7 times per day, the continuity of production operation is seriously influenced, energy is wasted, and the production cost is improved.
In addition, the side guide can be worn out the degree of depth by gradually and be 6 ~ 10mm, width 8 ~ 12 mm's deep groove in the use to the groove mark is irregular, and the edge is many to have burr, sharp-edged mouth, and the distribution uniformity is poor, has the irregularity, causes hot rolled plate band edge to decrease, the wire drawing comes smooth silk equilateral portion defect. Producing waste products, defective products, and degraded products. On the other hand, the side guide plate is violently rubbed with the strip steel in the coiling process, sparks splash, and generated molten metal particles splash to the surface of the strip steel, adhere and condense to be drawn into the steel coil, so that finished product defects are caused.
In the silicon steel rolling process, after the plate strip and the side guide plate rub, the side guide plate working area has the phenomenon of nodulation and steel adhesion, and workers polish and clean the side guide plate working area 10-12 times every day; the product can be repaired due to steel sticking caused by nodulation after cold rolling; after the steel coil with the nodules enters the cold rolling, holes can be pressed on the surface of the strip steel, and the strip steel is broken in serious cases and needs to be stopped for processing; through on-site investigation, the silicon steel part brings great production cost investment due to strip steel nodulation rework treatment, strip breakage and product defects every year.
In recent years, the development of laser complete equipment and a laser process is rapid, and the laser cladding technology is gradually developed into laser manufacturing through remanufacturing. The laser cladding can clad functional layer materials with different properties on the surface of an original substrate to obtain a high-performance surface cladding layer which is metallurgically bonded with the substrate and has no defects of pores, cracks and the like, and can clad various high-performance and high-value alloy materials on the surface of a low-performance and low-cost substrate and prepare functional layers with various properties required by working conditions on the surface of the substrate in an alignment manner, thereby saving the consumption of precious metals, and improving the performance and service life of parts.
The laser additive remanufacturing is a technological method that selected coating materials are placed on the surface of a base body of an original part in different additive modes, the coating materials are simultaneously melted with a thin layer on the surface of the base body through laser irradiation, and a coating which is metallurgically combined with base metal is formed after the coating materials are rapidly solidified, so that the performances of wear resistance, candle resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of the base body material are obviously improved. Because the coating material has larger selection freedom degree and is not consistent with the base material, the coating material with special function can be selected according to the requirement, thereby leading the original parts made of single material to become the functional gradient composite material.
Because the working environment of the side guide plate is severe, the side guide plate bears the high-speed friction action of the high-speed steel belt at high temperature, and simultaneously has the performances of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and self lubrication, and the traditional single-material plate cannot simultaneously have the functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of short service life of the side guide plate, and develops a special composite side guide plate for a metallurgical hot-rolled coil production line after repeated tests and researches. Therefore, the service life of the side guide plate is greatly prolonged, the service life of the laser-manufactured super-wear-resistant side guide plate is prolonged by more than 5 times compared with that of the traditional surfacing repair, the problem of continuity of production operation caused by poor wear resistance and frequent shutdown replacement of the side guide plate is effectively solved, the product quality is improved, and the production capacity of a production line is increased by 3% -5%.
The laser cladding layer of the composite board has a sandwich structure and consists of a bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface layer. The overall material system adopts a nickel-based high-temperature alloy system, the bottom layer has high toughness and is used for realizing the anti-fatigue function, the middle layer realizes the wear-resisting and self-lubricating functions, and the surface layer realizes the ablation-resisting and anti-oxidation functions. The following technical scheme is specifically disclosed: the laser cladding side guide plate comprises a steel plate base body and further comprises a laser cladding plate body which is sequentially coated with laser from inside to outside:
the high-toughness alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-6%, Mo: 8-12%, W: 9-10%, AlTi: 2-5%, B: 0.1-0.6%, Cu: 2-5%, Si: 1.5-3.6%, C: 0.3-1.0% and the balance of Ni;
the wear-resistant alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5%, Cu: 3-6%, Ti: 0.5-2%, MoS 2: 0.5-2%, graphene: 0.3-2.0% and the balance of Ni;
and a process for the preparation of a coating,
the ablation-resistant alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15%, Cr: 5-20%, Ti: 0.3-1.8%, Al2O 3: 0.3-1.6% and the balance of Ni.
Preferably, the thickness of the high-toughness alloy layer is 0.05-0.8 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the wear-resistant alloy layer is 0.1-1.0 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the ablation-resistant alloy layer is 0.2-1.0 mm.
Preferably, the steel plate substrate is carbon steel or stainless steel, the thickness of the steel plate substrate is not less than 20mm, and the sum of the three-layer thicknesses of the laser cladding layers is not less than 1.0 mm.
A laser cladding side guide plate processing method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting carbon steel or stainless steel as a steel plate substrate for laser cladding;
2) carrying out surface pretreatment on a steel plate substrate: cleaning oxide skin on the surface of the side guide plate, cleaning surface pits, wherein the oxide skin on the surface can be cleaned by a steel wire brush or an acid washing method, and the surface pits are cleaned by a machining method;
3) carrying out laser processing on the side guide plate steel plate matrix treated in the step 2): adopting a 5KW carbon dioxide gas laser to carry out laser cladding on the side guide plate steel plate substrate from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the laser cladding power is 3000-4500W, the diameter of a light spot is 2-3.5mm, the scanning speed is 500-700mm/min, and the scrap lapping amount is 0.5-2 mm;
4) annealing treatment, after laser cladding, performing stress relief annealing post-treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 500-700 ℃, the annealing time is 30-120 min, and the steel can be put into use after the annealing treatment.
Preferably, in the step 3), laser cladding is directly performed on the surface of the steel plate substrate, and the high-toughness alloy layer, the wear-resistant alloy layer and the corrosion-resistant alloy layer are in a shape of a floating bulge on the surface of the steel plate substrate.
The theoretical basis of the content ratio of each component of the high-toughness alloy layer, the wear-resistant alloy layer and the corrosion-resistant alloy layer is as follows:
(1) the high toughness of the high-toughness alloy layer, and the function and effect of realizing fatigue resistance mainly depend on:
cr: the oxidation resistance of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is improved, the Cr content is lower than 3%, the oxidation resistance is low and is higher than 6%, and too much brittle and hard alpha-Cr phase can be separated out, so that the impact toughness is reduced.
Mo has high hardness, improves the secondary age hardening effect, can improve the matrix hardness, has the effect of refining grains, can improve the impact toughness of the material, and has the weak secondary age hardening effect below 8 percent and over 12 percent, so that the cost is increased, and coarse secondary age phases are precipitated to cause the toughness to be reduced.
The W has high strength and high melting point, can improve the heat resistance of the alloy, improve the high-temperature fatigue strength of the material, improve the durability of the high-temperature performance, is lower than 9 percent, has unobvious improvement on the high-temperature fatigue performance, is higher than 10 percent, improves the cost, forms a massive alpha-W phase and reduces the thermal fatigue performance.
Intermetallic compound AlTi: the intermetallic compound AlTi is similar to a ceramic phase, has high-temperature strength, is used for improving the high-temperature hardness of the material, partially replaces precious metal Mo, has no obvious hardness improving effect when the content is lower than 2 percent, and causes the brittleness of the material when the content is higher than 5 percent.
B: 0.1-0.6%: boron mainly has the functions of refining grains and improving the high-temperature toughness of metal, the refining effect is not obvious and is less than 0.1 percent and more than 0.6 percent, and impurities can be formed.
C: c and Mo form high-hardness carbide, the alloy hardness is improved, if the hardness is lower than 0.3%, the carbide is too small, and if the hardness is higher than 1.0%, coarse carbide is formed, and the toughness is reduced.
Si: the silicon is excessive, a matrix can be cut, and the fatigue strength of the alloy is reduced.
Cu: the copper has high plasticity and good extensibility, can inhibit crack propagation, and plays a role in resisting fatigue, the copper content is lower than 2%, the function of inhibiting crack propagation is weak, and the copper content exceeds 5%, so that the hardness of the material can be reduced, and the impact toughness can be reduced. Ni: the balance being nickel as the alloy matrix.
(2) The wear-resistant and self-lubricating functions of the wear-resistant alloy layer are mainly realized by the following steps:
MoS2the lubricant is a common high-temperature lubricant, has the functions of friction reduction and self-lubrication at high temperature, is lower than 0.5 percent, has weaker friction reduction and self-lubrication functions, and can crack a matrix if the friction reduction and self-lubrication functions exceed 2 percent, so that the mechanical property of the matrix is reduced;
graphene (C)n) The strength is high, and the graphene has a self-lubricating function, so that the strength and the self-lubricating effect are improved by adding the graphene;
BN: the hardness is high, the hardness is close to that of diamond, and the alloy has the advantages of thermal shock resistance, high-temperature lubricity, high-temperature stability and the like, the high-temperature lubricity can be improved by less than 1% while the hardness of the alloy is improved, the wear resistance is not obviously improved by more than 5%, and the alloy becomes brittle;
cu: copper has high plasticity and good ductility, plays a role of inlaying BN and other hard particles, has the function of improving the lubricating property of the alloy at high temperature, has copper content lower than 3 percent, cannot play an inlaying role, and has copper content higher than 6 percent, so that the plasticity can be reduced;
ti: the method is used for improving the wettability between BN and graphene and a matrix, and improving the binding force between a non-metallic phase and a metal matrix, and is lower than 0.5%, low in wettability and higher than 2%, and easy to oxidize due to excessive titanium.
(3) The anti-ablation and anti-oxidation function effect of the anti-corrosion alloy layer is realized by the following components:
co: the high-temperature strength is high, the high-temperature ablation resistance is lower than 8%, the high-temperature strength cannot be improved, the high-temperature strength exceeds 15%, and the brittleness of the material is increased;
cr: the oxidation resistance and the ablation resistance are improved, the Cr content is lower than 5%, the oxidation resistance is low and exceeds 20%, a brittle and hard phase can be formed, and the toughness is reduced;
Al2O3: the corundum belongs to ceramic phase, has high hardness, is resistant to high temperature, ablation and oxidation, can improve the high-temperature hardness of the material, improves the ablation resistance and the oxidation resistance of the alloy, is lower than 0.3 percent, has no obvious effect of improving the high-temperature hardness, is more than 1.6 percent, and increases the brittleness of the material;
ti: for increasing the metal matrix and the ceramic phase Al2O3The wettability between the Ti and the Ti increases the binding force between the Ti and the Ti, is less than 0.3 percent, has poor wettability effect and exceeds 1.6 percent, and the Ti is excessive.
In the invention, the thickness of the high-toughness alloy layer of the bottom layer is controlled to be 0.05-0.8mm, the bottom layer requires high toughness and high bonding force with a steel plate, and when the steel is passed at high speed, under the action of periodic impact load, if the toughness of the bottom layer is low, the fatigue strength is low, the whole cladding layer can fall off, so the bottom layer needs to have high toughness and fatigue resistance;
the thickness of the intermediate wear-resistant alloy layer is controlled to be 0.1-1.0mm, the intermediate layer has wear resistance and self-lubricating functions, the self-lubricating function is a means for improving the wear resistance, the friction coefficient can be reduced and the friction force can be reduced, so that the aim of improving the wear resistance is fulfilled, the intermediate layer is a second defense line for preventing the strip steel from being rubbed with the base steel plate, and once the surface is resistant to ablation and the oxidation resistant layer is broken through, the intermediate layer directly acts on the strip steel;
because the surface of the high-speed friction side guide plate is made of high-temperature strip steel, the surface layer needs to resist oxidation and ablation, and simultaneously, wear-resistant elements such as aluminum oxide, Co and the like are added, so that the high-speed friction side guide plate is a first defense line of a base steel plate and shields the oxidation and ablation loss from diffusing inwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the composite side guide plate adopts a sandwich type three-layer structure, each layer has different functions, and the composite side guide plate material with the function gradient is prepared, so that the composite side guide plate has the functions of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and impact resistance, and the problem that the traditional homogeneous material or a single laser cladding layer cannot have multiple functions at the same time is solved;
2) by adopting the technology of the invention, the service life of the prepared side guide plate is more than 5 times of that of the traditional carbon steel or stainless steel, the difficulty that the side guide plate needs to be frequently replaced and the production rhythm is disturbed in the steel rolling production is solved, the problems of strip steel edge damage, wire drawing, splashing damage of molten particles, steel adhesion and the like in the operation process of the side guide plate are avoided, the production operation efficiency is effectively improved, the energy is saved, and the product quality is improved;
3) the elements such as Cr, Mo, W, AlTi, B, Cu, Si, C and the like are added into the bottom layer material to prepare the high-temperature Ni-based laser cladding material with high toughness and fatigue resistance, so that the problem of high-temperature toughness is solved, and particularly, the toughness of the material is improved by adding an AlTi intermetallic compound phase.
4) The graphene is added into the intermediate layer, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the intermediate layer are improved, the lubricating property of the intermediate layer is improved, the problem of wettability between a nickel matrix and the graphene is solved by adding a proper amount of titanium, and the intermediate layer with high wear resistance and self-lubrication is obtained.
5) The Al2O3 is added into the surface layer material, thereby not only reducing the addition of Co, reducing the cost, improving the ablation resistance and the hardness, but also obtaining the ablation-resistant surface layer.
6) The laser cladding technology is adopted, a large amount of high-temperature metal elements such as W, Mo and Co are added, the high-temperature alloy elements can be melted only under the instantaneous high temperature of laser, and the high-temperature alloy is difficult to melt by the traditional alloy melting method;
7) the alloy material of the invention is added with ceramic phase Al2O3BN, intermetallic compound AlTi and the like, and the ceramic phase and the intermetallic compound have high melting points, and if the ceramic powder is processed by adopting the traditional fusion casting method, the ceramic powder has light density, floats on the surface of an alloy melt and cannot be dispersed in the alloy. The ceramic powder and the metal powder are sprayed out from the powder feeder simultaneously by adopting laser cladding, the ceramic powder is brought into a molten pool after the metal powder is instantly melted under the action of high-temperature laser, and the ceramic powder cannot float and is solidified with the metal powder due to the shallow molten pool, so that the difficulty of adding the ceramic powder by the traditional casting method is solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
Carrying out laser cladding on the functional area of the lateral guide plate by using a 5KW carbon dioxide laser: the designed wear-resistant layer material comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass:
bottom layer, i.e. surface layer, i.e. corrosion resistant alloy layer: cr: 3 percent; mo: 8 percent; w: 9 percent; AlTi: 2 percent; b: 0.1%, Cu: 2%, Si: 1.5%, C: 0.3 percent of nickel, and the balance of nickel, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.05 mm;
intermediate layer, i.e. wear-resistant alloy layer: BN: 1 percent; cu: 3 percent; ti: 0.5%, MoS2: 0.5% of graphene (C)n): 0.3 percent; the balance of Ni; the thickness of the middle layer is 1.0 mm;
surface layer, i.e. corrosion resistant alloy layer: co: 8 percent; cr: 5 percent; ti: 0.3% of Al2O3: 0.3 percent; the balance being Ni, the thickness of the surface layer being 0.8 mm.
The laser cladding side guide plate processing method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a No. 45 steel plate as a steel plate base material;
2) carrying out surface pretreatment on a steel plate base material: cleaning oxide skin on the surface of the side guide plate, cleaning surface pits, wherein the oxide skin on the surface can be cleaned by a steel wire brush or an acid washing method, and the surface pits are cleaned by a machining method;
3) carrying out laser processing on the base material of the side guide plate steel plate treated in the step 2): adopting a 5KW carbon dioxide gas laser to carry out laser cladding on the side guide plate steel plate base material from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the laser cladding power is 4500W, the diameter of a light spot is 2.0mm, the scanning speed is 700mm/min, and the scrap lapping amount is 0.5 mm;
4) annealing treatment, after laser cladding, performing stress relief annealing post-treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 500 ℃, the annealing time is 30min, and the steel can be put into use after the annealing treatment.
The super wear-resistant material for the side guide plate of the metallurgical hot-rolled coil production line, which is obtained by the embodiment, can meet the following requirements: 1) wear resistance: the service life of the laser cladding layer can reach 10 days; 2) the quality requirement is as follows: the cladding layer is completely metallurgically bonded with the steel plate substrate, has no crack, and has good surface forming quality, smoothness and flatness; 3) high temperature performance: because the cladding layer bears strong friction and abrasion in the service process and gathers a large amount of friction heat, the material can not be softened at high temperature, and the hardness of the material is reduced to be less than HV50 under the environment of 400-; 4) the obtained coating has the best performance under the condition of the component proportion and the process condition.
Example 2
And carrying out laser cladding on the functional area of the lateral guide plate by using a carbon dioxide gas 5KW laser. The designed wear-resistant layer material comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass:
bottom layer, i.e. surface layer, i.e. corrosion resistant alloy layer: cr: 6 percent; mo: 12 percent; w: 10 percent; AlTi: 5 percent; b: 0.6%, Cu: 5%, Si: 3.6%, C: 1.0 percent of nickel, and the rest is nickel, and the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.8 mm;
intermediate layer, i.e. wear-resistant alloy layer: BN: 5 percent; cu: 6 percent; ti: 2% MoS2: 2% of graphene (C)n): 2 percent; the balance of Ni, and the thickness of the middle layer is 0.1 mm;
surface layer, i.e. corrosion resistant alloy layer: co: 15 percent; cr: 20 percent; ti: 1.8% of Al2O3: 1.6 percent; the balance being Ni, the thickness of the surface layer being 1.0 mm.
The laser cladding side guide plate processing method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a 304 stainless steel plate as a steel plate base material;
2) carrying out surface pretreatment on a steel plate base material: cleaning oxide skin on the surface of the side guide plate, cleaning surface pits, wherein the oxide skin on the surface can be cleaned by a steel wire brush or an acid washing method, and the surface pits are cleaned by a machining method;
3) carrying out laser processing on the base material of the side guide plate steel plate treated in the step 2): adopting a 5KW carbon dioxide gas laser to carry out laser cladding on the side guide plate steel plate base material from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the laser cladding power is 3000W, the spot diameter is 3.5mm, the scanning speed is 700mm/min, and the overlap amount is 2 mm;
4) annealing treatment, after laser cladding, performing stress relief annealing post-treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 700 ℃, the annealing time is 120min, and the steel can be put into use after the annealing treatment.
The super wear-resistant material for the side guide plate of the metallurgical hot-rolled coil production line can meet the following requirements: 1) wear resistance: the service life of the laser cladding layer prepared by the process method can reach 15 days; 2) the quality requirement is as follows: the cladding layer is completely metallurgically bonded with the substrate, has no crack, and has good surface forming quality, smoothness and flatness; 3) high temperature performance: because the cladding layer bears strong friction and abrasion in the service process and gathers a large amount of friction heat, the material can not be softened at high temperature, and the hardness of the cladding layer is reduced to be less than HV100 in the environment of 400-; 4) the cladding efficiency is highest and the manufacturing cost is lowest under the condition of the component proportion and the process condition.
Example 3
Carrying out laser cladding on the functional area of the side guide plate by using a carbon dioxide gas 5KW laser, wherein the designed wear-resistant layer is made of alloy elements in percentage by mass:
bottom layer, i.e. surface layer, i.e. corrosion resistant alloy layer: cr: 4.5 percent; mo: 10 percent; w: 9.5 percent; AlTi: 3 percent; b: 0.4%, Cu: 3.5%, Si: 3.0%, C: 0.7 percent of nickel, the balance being nickel, the thickness of the bottom layer being 0.4mm
Intermediate layer, i.e. wear-resistant alloy layer: b isN：2.5%；Cu：4%；Ti：1.2%，MoS2: 1.3%, graphene (C)n): 1.2 percent; the balance of Ni, and the thickness of the middle layer is 0.5 mm;
surface layer, i.e. corrosion resistant alloy layer: co: 11.5 percent; cr: 10 percent; ti: 1.1% of Al2O3: 1.2 percent; the balance being Ni, the thickness of the surface layer being 0.1 mm.
The laser cladding side guide plate processing method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a 202 stainless steel plate as a steel plate base material;
2) carrying out surface pretreatment on a steel plate base material: cleaning oxide skin on the surface of the side guide plate, cleaning surface pits, wherein the oxide skin on the surface can be cleaned by a steel wire brush or an acid washing method, and the surface pits are cleaned by a machining method;
3) carrying out laser processing on the base material of the side guide plate steel plate treated in the step 2): adopting a 5KW carbon dioxide gas laser to carry out laser cladding on the side guide plate steel plate substrate material from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the laser cladding power is 3800W, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the scrap lapping amount is 1 mm;
4) annealing treatment, after laser cladding, performing stress relief annealing post-treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 600 ℃, the annealing time is 60min, and the steel can be put into use after the annealing treatment.
The super wear-resistant material for the side guide plate of the metallurgical hot-rolled coil production line can meet the following requirements: 1) wear resistance: in order to meet the requirements of working conditions, the cladding layer material must have good abrasion resistance, and meanwhile, the hardness of the cladding material cannot be too high so as to avoid damaging the strip steel, and the service life of the laser cladding layer prepared by the process method can reach 13 days; 2) the quality requirement is as follows: in order to ensure that the production line continuously, safely and stably operates, the cladding layer is completely metallurgically combined with the substrate, the cladding layer has no crack, and the surface molding quality is good, smooth and flat; 3) high temperature performance: because the cladding layer bears strong friction and abrasion in the service process and gathers a large amount of friction heat, the material can not be softened at high temperature, and the hardness of the material is reduced to be less than HV75 under the environment of 400-; 4) the cost performance of the obtained coating is highest under the condition of the component proportion and the process condition.
Claims (7)
1. The laser cladding side guide plate comprises a steel plate base body and is characterized by further comprising a laser cladding layer which is sequentially arranged on the steel plate base body from inside to outside:
the high-toughness alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3-6%, Mo: 8-12%, W: 9-10%, AlTi: 2-5%, B: 0.1-0.6%, Cu: 2-5%, Si: 1.5-3.6%, C: 0.3-1.0% and the balance of Ni;
the wear-resistant alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5%, Cu: 3-6%, Ti: 0.5-2% of MoS2: 0.5-2%, graphene: 0.3-2.0% and the balance of Ni;
and a process for the preparation of a coating,
the ablation-resistant alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15%, Cr: 5-20%, Ti: 0.3-1.8% of Al2O3: 0.3-1.6% and the balance of Ni.
2. The laser cladding side guide plate of claim 1, wherein said high toughness alloy layer has a thickness of 0.05-0.8 mm.
3. The laser cladding side guide plate of claim 1, wherein the thickness of said wear-resistant alloy layer is 0.1-1.0 mm.
4. The laser cladding side guide plate of claim 1, wherein said ablation-resistant alloy layer has a thickness of 0.2-1.0 mm.
5. The laser cladding side guide plate of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the steel plate substrate is carbon steel or stainless steel, the thickness of the steel plate substrate is not less than 20mm, and the sum of the three thicknesses of the laser cladding layers is not less than 1.0 mm.
6. The laser cladding side guide processing method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) selecting carbon steel or stainless steel as a steel plate substrate for laser cladding;
2) carrying out surface pretreatment on a steel plate substrate: cleaning oxide skin on the surface of the side guide plate, cleaning surface pits, wherein the oxide skin on the surface can be cleaned by a steel wire brush or an acid washing method, and the surface pits are cleaned by a machining method;
3) carrying out laser processing on the side guide plate steel plate matrix treated in the step 2): adopting a 5KW carbon dioxide gas laser to carry out laser cladding on the side guide plate steel plate substrate from inside to outside in sequence, wherein the laser cladding power is 3000-4500W, the diameter of a light spot is 2-3.5mm, the scanning speed is 500-700mm/min, and the scrap lapping amount is 0.5-2 mm;
4) annealing treatment, after laser cladding, performing stress relief annealing post-treatment, wherein the annealing temperature is 500-700 ℃, the annealing time is 30-120 min, and the steel can be put into use after the annealing treatment.
7. The method for processing a laser cladding side guide plate according to claim 6, wherein in the step 3), laser cladding is directly performed on the surface of the steel plate substrate, and the high-toughness alloy layer, the wear-resistant alloy layer and the corrosion-resistant alloy layer are in a shape of a raised boss on the surface of the steel plate substrate.
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