CN104388930A - Coating structure with sandwich nano ceramic layer and preparation method of coating structure - Google Patents

Coating structure with sandwich nano ceramic layer and preparation method of coating structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104388930A
CN104388930A CN201410751142.1A CN201410751142A CN104388930A CN 104388930 A CN104388930 A CN 104388930A CN 201410751142 A CN201410751142 A CN 201410751142A CN 104388930 A CN104388930 A CN 104388930A
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layer
nano
sandwich
ceramic
coating structure
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CN104388930B (en
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高雪松
肖猛
张涛
刘建涛
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Naijing Zhongke Shenguang Technology Co Ltd
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Naijing Zhongke Shenguang Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of material surface engineering, and particularly relates to a coating structure with a sandwich nano ceramic layer and a preparation method of the coating structure. The coating structure with the sandwich nano ceramic layer disclosed by the invention comprises a transition layer and a ceramic layer, wherein one surface of the transition layer and a base body are in metallurgical bonding; the other surface of the transition layer and the ceramic layer are in metallurgical bonding; the ceramic layer is a sandwich structure ceramic layer; common ceramic layers are arranged on the upper and lower layers; and the nano ceramic layer is arranged in the middle layer. The coating with the sandwich nano ceramic layer has excellent high temperature resistance and relatively good tenacity and malleability, and is wide in use and long in service life. According to the preparation method of the coating structure disclosed by the invention, different coating structures with the sandwich nano ceramic layers can be prepared on various high-temperature alloy surfaces; the method is simple and efficient, and is contributed to reserving the nano characteristics of the coating.

Description

A kind of coating structure and preparation method with sandwich nano ceramics layer
Technical field
The present invention relates to material surface engineering field, be specifically related to a kind of coating structure and the preparation method with sandwich nano ceramics layer.
Background technology
In high-temperature material industry, because the heat resistant requirements of Working environment to material is more and more higher, simple metallic substance can not meet the demands.And simultaneously, stupalith has excellent wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting and high temperature oxidation resistance, but because its fragility is comparatively large, fatigue performance is poor, counter stress and crack-sensitivity, and be difficult to processing, make it apply and be restricted.So ceramic coating is prepared in metallic surface as sealer by people gradually form metal/ceramic composite, the feature of matrix metal and surface ceramic coat is organically combined, plays the comprehensive advantage of two class materials.
Compared with conventional ceramic coatings, nano ceramic coat not only has the advantages such as wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, more overcomes the shortcoming that stupalith fragility is large, and may show and plasticity like class of metal materials, make it become the goal in research of industry-by-industry gradually.But because nano material specific surface area is large, surfactivity is high, very easily grow up preparing in coating procedure, and lose the characteristic of nano material.So prepare nano ceramic coat on high-temperature material surface also there is certain difficulty.Most of nano ceramic coat of current preparation is not the nano ceramic coat in pure meaning in fact, generally all can think to there is nanoparticle phase in micron or sub-micron grain matrix phase.
Current, the methods such as plasma spraying nano ceramics coacervate, laser melting coating nano-ceramic powder are usually used in preparing nano ceramic coat.Because laser has heating, speed of cooling soon, be the Perfected process preparing nano coating, but its controllable ability is poor, so the nano ceramics structure diversification obtained, and surface stress is comparatively large, easily peels off.Process the partially stabilized zirconium white heat barrier ceramic coating (YPSZ) of the yttrium oxide that obtains through electro beam physics vapour deposition (EB-PVD) method, although coating entirety is nano-structure, preparation efficiency is low and cost is very high.Due to above reason, high-temperature nano ceramic coating does not still have substantial technological breakthrough, limits its range of application.Therefore, develop the lower coating again with nano ceramics characteristic of a kind of manufacturing cost and become a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of coating structure and the preparation method with sandwich nano ceramics layer.
The coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer of the present invention, comprise transition layer and ceramic layer, one side and the matrix metallurgical binding of transition layer, another side and ceramic layer metallurgical binding, it is characterized in that: described ceramic layer is sandwich structure ceramic layer, it is two-layer is up and down conventional ceramic layer, and middle layer is nano ceramics layer.
Preferably, described ceramic layer thickness is 150 ~ 600 μm, and wherein conventional ceramic layer thickness is respectively 50 ~ 200 μm, and nano ceramics layer thickness is 50 ~ 200 μm.
Preferably, described nano ceramics layer is made up with nano-ceramic powder mixing scorification of binding agent.Preferred, described binding agent is PVC or PVA.
Preferably, described matrix comprises iron-based, Ni-based, cobalt base superalloy structural part.
Preferably, described transition layer is by the Al of pure Ti powder, Al powder and granularity 20nm 2o 3nano-ceramic powder is according to mass ratio (3.8 ~ 4.5): (4.5 ~ 5.0): the ratio composition of (0.8 ~ 1.2).
Preferably, described transition region thickness is 100 ~ 200 μm.
A kind of preparation method with the coating structure of sandwich nano ceramics layer of the present invention, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) matrix surface is purified, activation treatment;
(2) choose the powder systems meeting the requirement of self-propagating reaction alloy and transition layer performance requriements, Homogeneous phase mixing is as transition layer powder;
(3) transition layer powder is dried, and be pressed into the thin slice of 100 ~ 200 μm of thickness;
(4) nano-ceramic powder and binding agent are carried out mixing, drying, finally carry out Ball milling;
(5) the transition layer powder sheet suppressed is placed on matrix, then on transition layer powder sheet, applies the nano-ceramic powder of the nano-ceramic powder of 50 ~ 200 μm of thickness, the nano-ceramic powder being mixed with binding agent of 50 ~ 200 μm of thickness and 50 ~ 200 μm of thickness successively;
(6) laser scanning is carried out to the bisque on matrix, matrix generates transition layer and ceramic layer simultaneously, obtain the coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer.
Preferably, described laser adopts CO2 laser or Nd:YAG laser.
Preferably, the scan power of described laser is 200 ~ 2000W, is focused into the hot spot of diameter 1 ~ 5mm, sweep velocity 0.1 ~ 3m/min.
The invention provides a kind of coating structure and the preparation method with sandwich nano ceramics layer.This coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer has outstanding high temperature resistance and preferably toughness and ductility, of many uses, long service life.The preparation method with the coating structure of sandwich nano ceramics layer provided by the invention, utilize laser melting and coating technique can prepare different nano ceramic coats at various high-temperature alloy surface from laser self-propagating synthesis technology, and its transition layer and ceramic layer are generated simultaneously, reduce preparation process, enhance productivity, reduce production cost.Meanwhile, the present invention uses sandwich ceramic layer structure, is divided into by ceramic layer three layers to spread powder, the nano-ceramic powder mixed is clipped in the middle of two-layer common nano-ceramic powder through binding agent.Common nano-ceramic powder can be filled into middle nano ceramics layer in cladding process, reduces because binding agent sinters the cavity produced, and makes coating densification, flawless defect; To have again crystal grain tiny for its conventional ceramic layer generated, and is of close texture, the feature of high temperature resistant property excellence, can the nanophase in available protecting middle layer at cladding process.And the excellent characteristics of conventional ceramic layer all right available protecting nano ceramics layer in the use procedure of coating, improve the work-ing life of coating.Adding of binding agent can hinder nano-ceramic particle nucleation again, has ensured that the nano ceramics layer generated has the nanometer character such as good toughness, ductility further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention has the coating structure of sandwich nano ceramics layer;
Fig. 2 is nanometer Al used in the embodiment of the present invention 2o 3micro-structure diagram;
Fig. 3 is the micro-structure diagram of prepared coating in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the heterogeneous microstructure figure of nano ceramics layer in prepared coating in the embodiment of the present invention.
Number in the figure:
1-matrix; 2-transition layer; 3-ceramic layer; 31-conventional ceramic layer; 32-nano ceramics layer.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of coating structure and the preparation method with sandwich nano ceramics layer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.As shown in Figure 1,1 is matrix, and 2 is transition layer, and 3 is ceramic layer, and ceramic layer 3 is sandwich structure, sandwich two-layer be up and down conventional ceramic layer 31, middle layer is nano ceramics layer 32.
According to one embodiment of present invention, TiAl alloy matrix 1 prepares Al 2o 3nano ceramic coat.Concrete operations are as follows:
(1) use acetone and alcohol washes totally to matrix 1, then sandblasting is for subsequent use;
(2) by the Al of pure Ti powder, Al powder and granularity 20nm 2o 3nano-ceramic powder (as shown in Figure 2) in mass ratio routine 4.3:4.7:1 is configured, and obtains transition layer powder through ball mill mixing 50min;
(3) transition layer powder is dried 1h at 100 DEG C, then be pressed into the thin slice of 150 μm of thickness;
(4) by Al 2o 3nano-ceramic powder is put into high energy ball mill and is pulverized, and avoids it to reunite; Rear portion Al will be pulverized simultaneously 2o 3nano-ceramic powder and PVC binding agent carry out mixing, drying, and finally carry out ball milling;
(5) the transition layer powder sheet suppressed is placed on matrix 1, then applies the Al of 100 μm of thickness successively on transition layer powder sheet 2o 3the Al being mixed with PVC binding agent of nano-ceramic powder, 100 μm of thickness 2o 3the Al of nano-ceramic powder and 100 μm of thickness 2o 3nano-ceramic powder;
(6) continuous CO is adopted 2laser, laser power is 1300W, is focused into the hot spot that diameter is 2mm, under the sweep velocity of 1.5m/min, carries out cladding to the bisque on matrix 1, and matrix 1 generates transition layer 2 and ceramic layer 3 simultaneously, obtains having sandwich Al 2o 3the coating of nano ceramics layer.
What obtain according to above-mentioned steps has sandwich Al 2o 3the coating of nano ceramics layer, its coat-thickness is 450 μm, and wherein transition layer 2 is about 150 μm, and ceramic layer 3 is about 300 μm, and in the sandwich structure of ceramic layer 3, upper and lower two-layer conventional ceramic layer 31 is respectively about 100 μm, and middle layer nano ceramics layer 32 is about 100 μm.As shown in Figure 3, metallurgical binding, flawless is between each bed interface of coating, and the nano particle in nano ceramics layer 32 is all less than 100nm (as shown in Figure 4), remain the distinctive characteristic of nano particle, its performance testing index is all higher than equivalent material coating.
Above content is only to the specific embodiment of the present invention example and explanation; what should indicate is; according to conception of the present invention above-mentioned embodiment modified or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute; its function produced do not exceed that specification sheets and accompanying drawing contain yet spiritual time, all should within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. one kind has the coating structure of sandwich nano ceramics layer, comprise transition layer and ceramic layer, one side and the matrix metallurgical binding of transition layer, another side and ceramic layer metallurgical binding, it is characterized in that: described ceramic layer is sandwich structure ceramic layer, it is two-layer is up and down conventional ceramic layer, and middle layer is nano ceramics layer.
2. a kind of coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ceramic layer thickness is 150 ~ 600 μm, wherein conventional ceramic layer thickness is respectively 50 ~ 200 μm, and nano ceramics layer thickness is 50 ~ 200 μm.
3. a kind of coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nano ceramics layer is made up with nano-ceramic powder mixing scorification of binding agent.
4. a kind of coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described binding agent is PVC or PVA.
5. a kind of coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described matrix comprises iron-based, Ni-based, cobalt base superalloy structural part.
6. a kind of coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described transition layer is by the Al of pure Ti powder, Al powder and granularity 20nm 2o 3nano-ceramic powder is according to mass ratio (3.8 ~ 4.5): (4.5 ~ 5.0): the ratio composition of (0.8 ~ 1.2).
7. a kind of coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described transition region thickness is 100 ~ 200 μm.
8. have a preparation method for the coating structure of sandwich nano ceramics layer, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) matrix surface is purified, activation treatment;
(2) choose the powder systems meeting the requirement of self-propagating reaction alloy and transition layer performance requriements, Homogeneous phase mixing is as transition layer powder;
(3) transition layer powder is dried, and be pressed into the thin slice of 100 ~ 200 μm of thickness;
(4) nano-ceramic powder and binding agent are carried out mixing, drying, finally carry out Ball milling;
(5) the transition layer powder sheet suppressed is placed on matrix, then on transition layer powder sheet, applies the nano-ceramic powder of the nano-ceramic powder of 50 ~ 200 μm of thickness, the nano-ceramic powder being mixed with binding agent of 50 ~ 200 μm of thickness and 50 ~ 200 μm of thickness successively;
(6) laser scanning is carried out to the bisque on matrix, matrix generates transition layer and ceramic layer simultaneously, obtain the coating structure with sandwich nano ceramics layer.
9. a kind of preparation method with the coating structure of sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described laser adopts CO 2laser or Nd:YAG laser.
10. a kind of preparation method with the coating structure of sandwich nano ceramics layer according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the scan power of described laser is 200 ~ 2000W, is focused into the hot spot of diameter 1 ~ 5mm, sweep velocity 0.1 ~ 3m/min.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110592580A (en) * 2019-09-29 2019-12-20 上海大陆天瑞激光表面工程有限公司 Laser cladding side guide plate and machining method thereof

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