CN110592510B - Method for electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloy. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, sampling on a titanium alloy material to be treated, and observing the orientation of a primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material through a metallographic microscope; step 2, counting the volume percentage and the size distribution condition of a primary alpha phase in a material metallographic phase, and determining electromagnetic impact treatment parameters according to the content and the size distribution condition of the primary alpha phase; step 3, clamping the titanium alloy material to be treated on electric pulse treatment equipment, and under the protection of inert gas, introducing pulse current along the extension direction of the primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material to perform electromagnetic impact treatment, wherein the frequency of the pulse current is 0-100 Hz, and the current density is 20-600A/mm2The number of pulses is 1-100, and the material is cooled to room temperature after the treatment. The method further spheroidizes the primary alpha phase in the titanium alloy, and the crystal grains become finer. The method is energy-saving, environment-friendly and less in time consumption, and can achieve the effect which cannot be achieved by the traditional deformation heating treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloy.
Background
Compared with materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, steel and the like, the titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, good fatigue resistance, low thermal conductivity, small linear expansion coefficient and the like, wherein the alpha + beta type titanium alloy has excellent comprehensive mechanical property relative to the alpha type and the beta type, can be used for a long time below 500 ℃, has higher high-temperature strength, plasticity, creep resistance and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to manufacturing key parts such as aeroengine blades, wheel discs, shafts, airplane structural parts, butt bolts and the like. The microstructure mainly comprises: bimodal, widmannstatten, basket and equiaxed. The equiaxed structure is characterized in that a lamellar beta-phase structure is distributed on a primary alpha-phase matrix, and compared with other structures, the equiaxed structure has good reduction of area, notch sensitivity resistance and thermal stability, but has slightly poor fracture toughness and crack expansion resistance. However, the performance of equiaxed titanium alloy is greatly influenced by the volume fraction, morphology and grain size of its primary alpha phase. The primary alpha phase which is usually fine and tends to be uniformly distributed in a spherical shape has a strengthening effect, and is beneficial to improving the comprehensive mechanical capability of the primary alpha phase.
The equiaxed structure of the prior titanium alloy can be obtained by generally performing deformation heat treatment on a material in a two-phase region or a near-beta region. The morphology and the grain size of the primary alpha phase mainly depend on the factors such as the deformation amount, the deformation rate, the heat treatment temperature and the like. In most cases, the primary α phase obtained after the actual workpiece is machined is not in an "equiaxial" state, but the primary α phase elongates in the direction of deformation to form a large number of long-strip-shaped primary α phases. In addition, the traditional heat treatment process has large energy consumption and long treatment time, and the primary alpha phase cannot be further spheroidized. The invention patent with publication number CN 103898428B provides a method for spheroidizing flaky alpha in a mixed structure of a near-alpha titanium alloy by repeated annealing, which is characterized in that the near-alpha titanium alloy is heated to 50-60 ℃ below the phase transition temperature, the temperature is kept for a certain time, then air cooling annealing is carried out, and the flaky alpha phase is cut into short rods after repeated times, so that the titanium alloy structure is spheroidized. The method can only spheroidize the flaky alpha, the primary alpha is not obviously changed, the flaky alpha phase grows during spheroidizing, the purpose of refining the structure is not achieved, and the method has long treatment time and higher energy consumption.
The invention patent with the publication number of CN 106756692B provides a two-pass forging method for improving the nodularity of the layer structure of a TC4 titanium alloy sheet. According to the method, the TC4 titanium alloy is heated to 800-900 ℃, then is subjected to double forging and then is subjected to annealing heat treatment at 500-600 ℃ for 6-12 h, and the purpose of spheroidizing the lamellar structure in the TC4 titanium alloy in a small deformation amount is achieved. The method effectively improves the nodularity of the TC4 titanium alloy lamellar structure, but the method has relatively complex process flow, large energy consumption and low production efficiency, and the targeted object is only the lamellar structure in the TC4 titanium alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for electromagnetic impact strengthening of titanium alloy, which is used for further spheroidizing primary alpha phase in the titanium alloy and enabling crystal grains to become finer. The method is energy-saving, environment-friendly and less in time consumption, and can achieve the effect which cannot be achieved by the traditional deformation heating treatment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for electromagnetic shock strengthening of titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1, sampling on a titanium alloy material to be treated, and observing the orientation of a primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material through a metallographic microscope;
step 2, counting the volume percentage and the size distribution condition of a primary alpha phase in a material metallographic phase, and determining electromagnetic impact treatment parameters according to the content and the size distribution condition of the primary alpha phase;
step 3, clamping the titanium alloy material to be treated on electric pulse treatment equipment, and under the protection of inert gas, introducing pulse current along the extension direction of the primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material to perform electromagnetic impact treatment, wherein the frequency of the pulse current is 0-100 Hz, and the current density is 20-600A/mm2The number of pulses is 1-100, and the material is cooled to room temperature after the treatment.
According to the scheme, a vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the system, and then inert gas is introduced for electromagnetic pulse treatment.
According to the scheme, the vacuum degree is 4000-6000 Pa; the inert gas is argon. Because the titanium alloy can react with oxygen in the air violently at the temperature of over 600 ℃, the materials can be prevented from being oxidized in the processing process by vacuumizing and introducing argon during the processing.
According to the scheme, the titanium alloy material to be treated is wrapped by heat-insulating cotton and then is subjected to electromagnetic impact treatment. The temperature rise is very fast during the pulse electromagnetic impact treatment, if the pulse electromagnetic impact treatment is placed in the air, the heat dissipation is fast, although the phase change temperature is reached, the obvious phase change is difficult to occur due to the short maintaining time. The temperature is regulated and controlled by the heat preservation cotton, so that a better treatment effect is achieved.
According to the scheme, the material is placed in heat-insulating cotton to be cooled to room temperature after pulse treatment.
According to the scheme, the electromagnetic impact strengthening treatment is cyclic electric pulse treatment. The process flow is shown in figure 2. The purpose of this multiple repetition is to allow more complete conversion of the local alpha phase to the beta phase.
According to the scheme, the repetition times are more than 3 times, generally 3-6 times, and are determined according to the process requirements.
According to the scheme, the included angle between the pulse current direction and the extension direction of the primary alpha phase is less than 15 degrees.
When the electromagnetic impact treatment is carried out, the direction of current is noticed, pulse current is conducted along the extension direction of the primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material, and particularly, when the included angle between the direction of the current and the extension direction of the primary alpha phase is less than 15 degrees, the good effects of spheroidizing and refining the structure can be achieved. This is mainly due to the fact that the electrical conductivity of the α phase in the bimodal tissue is greater than that of the β phase, and when current flows along the elongation direction of the nascent α phase, a "narrow" region of the nascent α phase in the tissue forms a current concentration, resulting in a local high temperature, where the α phase is converted into the β phase, thereby cutting the nascent α phase along its length direction, changing the original elongated nascent α phase into a spherical shape, and changing one of the original phases into a plurality of smaller α phases.
Due to the material state and the composition element difference of the alpha + beta type titanium alloy, the volume percentage of the primary alpha phase and the size distribution thereof are different. The volume percentage of the primary alpha phase and the size distribution thereof influence the process parameters during the electromagnetic impact treatment. The invention can select the technological parameters during the electromagnetic impact treatment according to the volume percentage and the size distribution of the primary alpha phase, generally speaking, when other conditions are fixed, the higher the volume percentage of the primary alpha phase is, the lower the used treatment current density is, and the more the pulse number is; when other conditions are fixed, the larger the size of the primary alpha phase, the lower the frequency of the pulse current to be used for the treatment and the larger the number of treatments.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can further spheroidize, refine and refine the nascent alpha phase to achieve good treatment effect. Thereby further improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic shock treatment apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a method for rapid spheroidizing of α + β type titanium alloy by electric pulse;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic image of an α + β type titanium alloy structure before treatment;
FIG. 4 is a gold phase diagram of the structure of the alpha + beta type titanium alloy after electric treatment.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the invention by way of a few specific examples:
example 1
The TC11 titanium alloy of the material selected in this example was implemented as follows:
step 1, firstly, cutting a sample of 6mm multiplied by 20mm on a material to be processed, grinding, polishing and corroding all surfaces of the sample, and then observing the metallographic structure of the sample under a metallographic microscope. From the figure, the direction of the primary alpha phase 'long axis' can be determined, and therefore the current direction in the pulse electromagnetic impact treatment can be determined.
Step 2, counting the volume percentage of a primary alpha phase in a metallographic phase of the material to be 43% by using image-pro software; the average size of the primary alpha phase was 12.3. mu. m.times.7.8. mu.m.
And 3, wrapping the TC11 titanium alloy material to be processed by using heat-preservation cotton, and exposing two end faces, namely a left end face and a right end face in the example, which need to be electrified. Then the material is clamped on the pulse electromagnetic impact processing equipment shown in figure 1, so that the left end face and the right end face of the material are in good contact with the upper pole head and the lower pole head of the equipment.
Step 4, vacuumizing the argon protection box by using a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum degree is 6000 Pa;
step 5, introducing argon to protect the material from being oxidized during treatment;
and 6, determining the corresponding current size to be 5000-8000A according to the size of the sample, wherein the frequency of the pulse current is 10-40 Hz, and the number of the electromagnetic impact treatment pulses is 3-8. After the magnetic shock treatment, the sample was held in place and allowed to cool to room temperature.
And 7, repeating the operation of the step 6 for six times.
After the completion, the material is taken out and placed under a metallographic microscope to observe the microstructure of the material, and as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the original massive primary alpha phase is broken and becomes more equiaxial. Statistical analysis using image-pro software revealed that the mean size of the nascent alpha phase was 8.5. mu. m.times.7.2. mu.m, and the aspect ratio of the nascent alpha phase changed from 1.5 to 1.2.
Example 2
The TC4 titanium alloy of the material selected in this example was implemented as follows:
step 1, firstly, cutting a sample of 8mm multiplied by 10mm on a material to be processed, grinding, polishing and corroding all surfaces of the sample, and then observing the metallographic structure of the sample under a metallographic microscope. From the figure, the direction of the "long axis" of the primary alpha phase can be determined, and thus the direction of the current in the pulsed electromagnetic shock treatment can be determined.
Step 2, counting the volume percentage of a primary alpha phase in a metallographic phase of the material to be 39% by using image-pro software; the average size of the primary alpha phase was 10.8. mu. m.times.6.3. mu.m.
And 3, wrapping the TC4 titanium alloy material to be processed by using heat-preservation cotton, and exposing two end faces, namely a left end face and a right end face in the example, which need to be electrified. Then the material is clamped on a pulse electromagnetic impact processing device, so that the left end face and the right end face of the material are in good contact with the upper pole head and the lower pole head of the device.
Step 4, vacuumizing the argon protection box by using a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum degree is 4000 Pa;
step 5, introducing argon to protect the material from being oxidized during treatment;
and 6, determining the corresponding current size to be 8000A-12000A according to the size of the sample, wherein the frequency of the pulse current is 40 Hz-80 Hz, and the number of the electromagnetic impact treatment pulses is 40-60. After the magnetic shock treatment, the sample was held in place and allowed to cool to room temperature.
And 7, repeating the operation of the step 6 for three times.
After the material is taken out, the microstructure of the material is observed under a metallographic microscope, and the phenomenon that the original massive primary alpha phase is broken and becomes more equiaxial can be found.
Example 3
The TC21 titanium alloy of the material selected in this example was implemented as follows:
step 1, firstly, cutting a sample of 5mm multiplied by 12mm on a material to be processed, grinding, polishing and corroding all surfaces of the sample, and then observing the metallographic structure of the sample under a metallographic microscope. From the figure, the "long axis" direction of the primary alpha phase can be determined, and thus the direction of the current at the time of the pulsed electromagnetic shock treatment can be determined.
Step 2, counting the volume percentage of a primary alpha phase in a metallographic phase of the material to be 49% by using image-pro software; the average size of the primary alpha phase was 14.8. mu. m.times.8.3. mu.m.
And 3, wrapping the TC21 titanium alloy material to be processed by using heat-preservation cotton, and exposing two end faces, namely a left end face and a right end face in the example, which need to be electrified. Then the material is clamped on a pulse electromagnetic impact processing device, so that the left end face and the right end face of the material are in good contact with the upper pole head and the lower pole head of the device.
Step 4, vacuumizing the argon protection box by using a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum degree is 4000 Pa;
step 5, introducing argon to protect the material from being oxidized during treatment;
and 6, determining the corresponding current size to be 2000-4000A according to the size of the sample, wherein the frequency of the pulse current is 20-30 Hz, and the number of the electromagnetic impact treatment pulses is 40-50. After the magnetic shock treatment, the sample was held in place and allowed to cool to room temperature.
And 7, repeating the operation of the step 6 for seven times.
After the material is taken out, the microstructure of the material is observed under a metallographic microscope, and the phenomenon that the original massive primary alpha phase is broken and is more equiaxial can be found.
The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby. That is, all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (7)
1. A method for electromagnetic shock strengthening of titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, sampling on a titanium alloy material to be treated, and observing the orientation of a primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material through a metallographic microscope;
step 2, counting the volume percentage and the size distribution condition of a primary alpha phase in a material metallographic phase, and determining electromagnetic impact treatment parameters according to the content and the size distribution condition of the primary alpha phase;
step 3, clamping the titanium alloy material to be treated on electric pulse treatment equipment, under the protection of inert gas, introducing pulse current along the extension direction of the primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material, and performing circulating electromagnetic impact treatment to further spheroidize and refine the primary alpha phase in the titanium alloy, wherein the frequency of the pulse current is 0-100 Hz, and the current density is 20-600A/mm2The number of pulses is 1-100, after the treatment, the material is cooled to room temperature,
the elongation direction along the primary alpha phase of the titanium alloy material is as follows: the included angle between the pulse current direction and the elongation direction of the primary alpha phase is less than 15 degrees.
2. The method of electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that: and vacuumizing the system by using a vacuum pump, and then introducing inert gas to perform electromagnetic pulse treatment.
3. The method of electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloys according to claim 2, characterized in that: the vacuum degree is 4000-6000 Pa; the inert gas is argon.
4. The method of electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) wrapping the titanium alloy material to be treated with heat-insulating cotton, and then performing electromagnetic impact treatment.
5. The method of electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the pulse treatment, the material was placed in insulated cotton to cool to room temperature.
6. The method of electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of times of repetition of the cyclic electromagnetic impact treatment is 3 or more.
7. The method of electromagnetic impact reinforcement of titanium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of repetitions of the cyclic electromagnetic shock treatment is 3-6.
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| NL2026465A NL2026465B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2020-09-14 | Strengthening method for titanium alloy by electromagnetic shocking treatment |
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| CN111218631B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-20 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing high-strength-and-toughness TC21 titanium alloy gradient structure |
| CN112941441B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-05-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for regulating and controlling local texture of rolled titanium alloy by pulse current |
| CN114951446B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-03-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for regulating and controlling electromagnetic impact composite forming of titanium alloy blade |
| CN116124835B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2024-05-07 | 武汉理工大学 | Nondestructive testing device and evaluation method for damage defect state of component |
| CN116695042B (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2024-05-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Technical method for improving titanium alloy thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact |
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| CN104264086A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-07 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Method for promoting phase change strengthening and toughening of two-phase titanium alloy strip by using pulse current and strip |
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