CN110591946A - 用于清除甲醛的菌株、甲醛清除剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于清除甲醛的菌株,所述菌株在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心的登记入册编号为CGMCC NO.18343。本发明还涉及包含上述用于清除甲醛的菌株的甲醛清除剂及其制备方法。本发明的用于清除甲醛的菌株、甲醛清除剂及其制备方法具有可迅速、彻底地降解甲醛,特别是清除人造板内部残留甲醛,清除效果极佳且不反弹的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及甲醛去除技术,特别涉及一种用于清除甲醛的菌株、甲醛清除剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
根据生态环境部会同卫生健康委制定的《有毒有害大气污染物名录(2018年)》,甲醛高居有毒有害大气污染物名录第二位,早在2006年就被确定为1类致癌物。人造板以木材或其他非木材植物为原料,经一定机械加工分离成各种单元材料后,施加胶粘剂胶合而成的板材。甲醛是制造合成树脂、油漆、塑料和人造纤维的原料,也是人造板工业制造脲醛树脂胶、三聚氰胺树脂胶和酚醛树脂胶的重要原料。普通人造板(包括胶合板、大芯板、中纤板、刨花板、强化地板和复合木地板等)大都使用这些以甲醛为主要原料生产的醛类胶粘剂。这类胶粘剂在板材,以及家具、装修中的大量应用,成为室内甲醛最主要的来源。
甲醛的散发途径有:
1、木材本身在温度和湿度作用下散发极微量的甲醛;
2、脲醛树脂在制胶过程中不可避免地残留一部分游离甲醛向外界散发;
3、人造板在固化过程中,一部分线性树脂未形成网状结构从而分解成自由状甲醛向外界散发;
4、部分固化不完全的树脂在热和水分的作用下发生分解而形成游离甲醛向外散发;
5、室内建筑装饰材料在使用过程中,随着温度、相对湿度及使用时间的延长。不间断的向外界散发甲醛。
即使全部使用合格环保材料装修,也可能由于叠加效应引起甲醛超标。假设在—套80平方米的居室里,使用10张达标的木芯板,也许室内环境中的甲醛含量是合格的,但同样是这套居室,若使用了20张木芯板,那么甲醛含量就会超标。即使全部使用环保建材,一旦过量,就会形成污染。
甲醛半数致死量(大鼠,经口)800mg/kg,其蒸汽能强烈刺激粘膜、具有致癌性、属于高毒物。它能与空气中的离子性氯化物反应生成致癌物质——二氯甲醛醚。甲醛不但能与蛋白质中的氨基结合,使蛋白质变性从而造成对人体的伤害,实际上甲醛对人体的伤害是多方面的,高浓度甲醛对神经系统、免疫系统、肝脏等也有毒害。甲醛对人体的伤害也可以通过多种途径:甲醛可经呼吸道吸收,吸入高浓度甲醛后,会出现呼吸道的严重刺激和水肿、眼刺痛、头痛,也可发生支气管哮喘。皮肤直接接触高浓度甲醛,可引起皮炎、色斑、坏死。
经常吸入少量甲醛,能引起慢性中毒,可以引起慢性呼吸道疾病,黏膜充血、皮肤刺激症、过敏性皮炎角化和脆弱、甲床指端疼痛等症状,甚至引起鼻咽癌。对于女性来说,经常吸入少量甲醛,可能出现女性月经紊乱,孕妇长期吸入可能导致妊娠综合症,引起新生儿体质降低、染色体异常,新生婴儿畸形,甚至死亡。男子长期吸入可导致男子精子畸形、死亡,性功能下降,严重的可导致白血病,气胸,生殖能力缺失,全身症状有头痛、乏力、胃纳差、心悸、失眠、体重减轻以及植物神经紊乱等。长期接触甲醛的人,可以引起鼻腔、口腔、鼻咽、咽喉、皮肤和消化道的癌症。
现有技术中的甲醛清除剂,仍存在甲醛清除效果不佳的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种用于清除甲醛的菌株,可有效清除残留甲醛;
进一步的,提供一种包含上述用于清除甲醛的菌株的甲醛清除剂,以及上述甲醛清除剂的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
用于清除甲醛的菌株,所述菌株在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心的登记入册编号为CGMCC NO.18343。
一种甲醛清除剂,由上述的用于清除甲醛的菌株制备获得。
一种甲醛清除剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将上述的用于清除甲醛的菌株进行活化,然后将活化后的菌株置于含甲醛的微生物培养基中进行培养;
(2)将培养获得的菌悬液进行离心,去除上清液后将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后依次进行重悬和离心,将离心获得的上清液与海藻糖、有机硅、硫酸铁混合,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本申请的用于清除甲醛的菌株具有降解甲醛能力极强的特性,将其应用于清除甲醛,可有效清除残留甲醛,甲醛清除效果极佳,且不反弹。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、所实现目的及效果,以下结合实施方式予以说明。
本发明最关键的构思在于:培养获得上述降解甲醛能力极强的用于清除甲醛的菌株。
本发明提供一种用于清除甲醛的菌株,采用下述方法培养获得:
采用常温常压等离子体诱变机(ARTP)进行枯草芽孢杆菌的诱变,以不同浓度的甲醛培养液作为筛选。将菌悬液稀释100倍后,在无菌条件下吸取10ul滴到ARTP圆形承接片上涂抹均匀,然后将承接片放于射线发射器下方。以氦气为工作气体,仪器参数:氦气流量10L/min,输入功率120W,诱变时间设置为30s,60s,90s,120s,150s,180s,240s。将处理完的样品置于含1ml生理盐水的EP管中,在漩涡震荡器上震荡2min,使菌体从载片上脱落下来,分别取100ul接种于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,获得上述用于清除甲醛的菌株,该菌株具有降解甲醛能力极强的特性,命名为P601。
所述菌株P601保藏于:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC);地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号;保藏日期为:2019年07月26日;种名:枯草芽孢杆菌;拉丁文名称为:Bacillus subtilis;菌株名:P601;保藏编号为:CGMCC NO.18343。
一种甲醛清除剂,由上述的用于清除甲醛的菌株制备获得。
进一步的,所述甲醛清除剂的制备原料还包括海藻糖、有机硅和硫酸铁。
一种甲醛清除剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将上述的用于清除甲醛的菌株进行活化,然后将活化后的菌株置于含甲醛的微生物培养基中进行培养;
(2)将培养获得的菌悬液进行离心,去除上清液后将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后依次进行重悬和离心,将离心获得的上清液与海藻糖、有机硅、硫酸铁混合,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
从上述描述可知,本发明的有益效果在于:
本申请的用于清除甲醛的菌株具有降解甲醛能力极强的特性,将其应用于清除甲醛,可有效清除残留甲醛,甲醛清除效果极佳,且不反弹。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)具体为:将活化后的菌株置于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,其中,活化后的菌株的接种量为1%;培养基体积为200mL;摇瓶培养的温度为28℃,转速为200rpm,培养时间为24h。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)具体为:将培养获得的菌悬液于3000rpm条件下进行第一次离心,第一次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,采用等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将重悬后的菌体液于3000rpm条件下进行第二次离心,第二次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,于3000rpm条件下进行第三次离心,然后于第三次离心获得的上清液中加入0.1-0.3mol/L海藻糖、2-8g/L有机硅和0.02-0.05g/L硫酸铁,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
进一步的,使用时,将获得的所述甲醛清除剂用蒸馏水稀释10倍。
上述制备方法中,加入的硫酸铁用于增强酶的活性;有机硅作为渗透剂使用,可增强产品渗透性,将酶分子送到板材内部,有效清除内部甲醛;海藻糖有利于长期保持酶活性。
由上述描述可知,采用上述具体的制备工艺,可迅速、彻底地降解甲醛,特别是清除人造板内部残留甲醛,效果极佳且不反弹。
本发明的实施例一为:
本实施例的甲醛清除剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用常温常压等离子体诱变机(ARTP)进行枯草芽孢杆菌的诱变,以不同浓度的甲醛培养液作为筛选。将菌悬液稀释100倍后,在无菌条件下吸取10ul滴到ARTP圆形承接片上涂抹均匀,然后将承接片放于射线发射器下方。以氦气为工作气体,仪器参数:氦气流量10L/min,输入功率120W,诱变时间设置为30s,60s,90s,120s,150s,180s,240s。将处理完的样品置于含1ml生理盐水的EP管中,在漩涡震荡器上震荡2min,使菌体从载片上脱落下来,分别取100ul接种于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,获得降解甲醛能力极强的用于清除甲醛的菌株;
(2)将活化后的菌株置于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,其中,活化后的菌株的接种量为1%;培养基体积为200mL;摇瓶培养的温度为28℃,转速为200rpm,培养时间为24h;
(3)将培养获得的菌悬液于3000rpm条件下进行第一次离心,第一次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,采用等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将重悬后的菌体液于3000rpm条件下进行第二次离心,第二次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,于3000rpm条件下进行第三次离心,然后于第三次离心获得的上清液中加入0.3mol的海藻糖、2g的有机硅和0.06g的硫酸铁,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
使用时,将获得的所述甲醛清除剂用蒸馏水稀释10倍即可。
本发明的实施例二为:
本实施例的甲醛清除剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用常温常压等离子体诱变机(ARTP)进行枯草芽孢杆菌的诱变,以不同浓度的甲醛培养液作为筛选。将菌悬液稀释100倍后,在无菌条件下吸取10ul滴到ARTP圆形承接片上涂抹均匀,然后将承接片放于射线发射器下方。以氦气为工作气体,仪器参数:氦气流量10L/min,输入功率120W,诱变时间设置为30s,60s,90s,120s,150s,180s,240s。将处理完的样品置于含1ml生理盐水的EP管中,在漩涡震荡器上震荡2min,使菌体从载片上脱落下来,分别取100ul接种于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,获得降解甲醛能力极强的用于清除甲醛的菌株;
(2)将活化后的菌株置于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,其中,活化后的菌株的接种量为1%;培养基体积为200mL;摇瓶培养的温度为28℃,转速为200rpm,培养时间为24h;
(3)将培养获得的菌悬液于3000rpm条件下进行第一次离心,第一次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,采用等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将重悬后的菌体液于3000rpm条件下进行第二次离心,第二次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,于3000rpm条件下进行第三次离心,然后于第三次离心获得的上清液中加入0.3mol的海藻糖、4g的有机硅和0.04g的硫酸铁,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
使用时,将获得的所述甲醛清除剂用蒸馏水稀释10倍即可。
本发明的实施例三为:
本实施例的甲醛清除剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用常温常压等离子体诱变机(ARTP)进行枯草芽孢杆菌的诱变,以不同浓度的甲醛培养液作为筛选。将菌悬液稀释100倍后,在无菌条件下吸取10ul滴到ARTP圆形承接片上涂抹均匀,然后将承接片放于射线发射器下方。以氦气为工作气体,仪器参数:氦气流量10L/min,输入功率120W,诱变时间设置为30s,60s,90s,120s,150s,180s,240s。将处理完的样品置于含1ml生理盐水的EP管中,在漩涡震荡器上震荡2min,使菌体从载片上脱落下来,分别取100ul接种于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,获得降解甲醛能力极强的用于清除甲醛的菌株;
(2)将活化后的菌株置于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,其中,活化后的菌株的接种量为1%;培养基体积为200mL;摇瓶培养的温度为28℃,转速为200rpm,培养时间为24h;
(3)将培养获得的菌悬液于3000rpm条件下进行第一次离心,第一次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,采用等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将重悬后的菌体液于3000rpm条件下进行第二次离心,第二次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,于3000rpm条件下进行第三次离心,然后于第三次离心获得的上清液中加入0.2mol的海藻糖、6g的有机硅和0.05g的硫酸铁,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
使用时,将获得的所述甲醛清除剂用蒸馏水稀释10倍即可。
本发明的实施例四为:
本实施例的甲醛清除剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用常温常压等离子体诱变机(ARTP)进行枯草芽孢杆菌的诱变,以不同浓度的甲醛培养液作为筛选。将菌悬液稀释100倍后,在无菌条件下吸取10ul滴到ARTP圆形承接片上涂抹均匀,然后将承接片放于射线发射器下方。以氦气为工作气体,仪器参数:氦气流量10L/min,输入功率120W,诱变时间设置为30s,60s,90s,120s,150s,180s,240s。将处理完的样品置于含1ml生理盐水的EP管中,在漩涡震荡器上震荡2min,使菌体从载片上脱落下来,分别取100ul接种于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,获得降解甲醛能力极强的用于清除甲醛的菌株;
(2)将活化后的菌株置于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,其中,活化后的菌株的接种量为1%;培养基体积为200mL;摇瓶培养的温度为28℃,转速为200rpm,培养时间为24h;
(3)将培养获得的菌悬液于3000rpm条件下进行第一次离心,第一次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,采用等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将重悬后的菌体液于3000rpm条件下进行第二次离心,第二次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,于3000rpm条件下进行第三次离心,然后于第三次离心获得的上清液中加入0.1mol的海藻糖、8g的有机硅和0.04g的硫酸铁,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
使用时,将获得的所述甲醛清除剂用蒸馏水稀释10倍即可。
性能测试:
将实施例一至实施例四制备获得的甲醛清除剂分别用于消除人造板中的甲醛。
具体的,参照GB/T17657-1999《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》(甲醛释放量干燥器法测定)中所述方法进行试件测定。取3种不同甲醛释放量的细木工板,裁成50mm*150mm的试件,每种板取3个试件,分别为试件1、试件2和试件3。下述以实施例一至实施例四制备获得的甲醛清除剂为示例,分别用实施例一至实施例四制备获得的甲醛清除剂涂布试件,每个试件涂布2g后,风干24h测定除甲醛效率。将涂布处理的人造板继续密闭7天,测除甲醛持久率。
测定结果依次如下表1-4。
表1
表2
表3
表4
由上表1-4可知,实施例一至实施例四制备获得的甲醛清除剂能有效消除人造板中的甲醛。
综上所述,本发明提供的用于清除甲醛的菌株、甲醛清除剂及其制备方法具有可迅速、彻底地降解甲醛,特别是清除人造板内部残留甲醛,清除效果极佳且不反弹的优点。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等同变换,或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.用于清除甲醛的菌株,其特征在于,所述菌株在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心的登记入册编号为CGMCC NO.18343。
2.一种甲醛清除剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述的用于清除甲醛的菌株制备获得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的甲醛清除剂,其特征在于,所述甲醛清除剂的制备原料还包括海藻糖、有机硅和硫酸铁。
4.一种甲醛清除剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将权利要求1所述的用于清除甲醛的菌株进行活化,然后将活化后的菌株置于含甲醛的微生物培养基中进行培养;
(2)将培养获得的菌悬液进行离心,去除上清液后将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后依次进行重悬和离心,将离心获得的上清液与海藻糖、有机硅、硫酸铁混合,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的甲醛清除剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)具体为:将活化后的菌株置于含100mg/L甲醛的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中进行摇瓶培养,其中,活化后的菌株的接种量为1%;培养基体积为200mL;摇瓶培养的温度为28℃,转速为200rpm,培养时间为24h。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的甲醛清除剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)具体为:将培养获得的菌悬液于3000rpm条件下进行第一次离心,第一次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,采用等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液将获得的菌体液进行重悬,然后将重悬后的菌体液于3000rpm条件下进行第二次离心,第二次离心的时间为5min,去除上清液后,将获得的菌体液进行氮冷冻,将氮冷冻后的菌体液进行研磨破裂,然后溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,于3000rpm条件下进行第三次离心,然后于第三次离心获得的上清液中加入0.1-0.3mol/L海藻糖、2-8g/L有机硅和0.02-0.05g/L硫酸铁,获得所述甲醛清除剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的甲醛清除剂的制备方法,其特征在于,使用时,将获得的所述甲醛清除剂用蒸馏水稀释10倍。
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