CN110590384A - 一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110590384A
CN110590384A CN201910932892.1A CN201910932892A CN110590384A CN 110590384 A CN110590384 A CN 110590384A CN 201910932892 A CN201910932892 A CN 201910932892A CN 110590384 A CN110590384 A CN 110590384A
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梁永和
鞠茂奇
聂建华
蔡曼菲
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
Wuhan University of Science and Technology WHUST
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法。其技术方案是：以3～20wt％的钛铁渣颗粒、5～10wt％的刚玉颗粒和10～18wt％的焦炭为骨料，以2～15wt％的钛铁渣细粉、5～10wt％的刚玉细粉、15～25wt％的碳化硅、10～18wt％的粘土、4～8wt％的绢云母、4～8wt％的蓝晶石和6～14wt％的氮化硅铁为基质；先向骨料中加入占骨料和基质之和的4～5wt％的结合剂，搅拌，再加入基质，混合，得预混料；再向预混料中加入占骨料和基质之和的8～11wt％的结合剂，继续搅拌，然后用挤泥机挤压成块，即得高炉出铁口用炮泥。本发明生产成本低，所制制品体积密度小、体积稳定性好、透气性好、耐压强度高和抗侵蚀性能好，能起到修复和维护高炉出铁口的作用。

Description

一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于炮泥技术领域。具体涉及一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法。
背景技术
炮泥是钢铁冶金行业中所必须的耐火材料，如果炮泥质量差，使用时就会产生一系列问题，影响正常生产。故要求炮泥：作业性能好，能使铁口充分填充；体积稳定性好，在服役期间不发生收缩；烧结性能好，能快速烧结产生强度；具有良好的耐渣、铁水侵蚀、冲刷性能以及抗氧化性能。
目前，高炉在向长寿命、高强度冶炼和大型化方向发展，对高炉出铁口用炮泥的质量要求越来越严苛。在控制成本的前提下，炮泥在材质与质量方面不断改进和提高，已从单纯的消耗性耐火材料转向功能性耐火材料。高炉产量提高，渣铁流量增大，出铁口很容易在服役过程中遭到冲刷形成喇叭形，造成出铁口不易维护。因此，开发一种能满足低成本、性能好和维护出铁口的炮泥产品已成为本领域技术人员所关注的问题之一。
钛铁渣作为炉外冶炼法生产钛铁合金产生的炉渣，是一种多物相复合材料，一直被作为固体废弃物堆放。钛铁渣具有导热系数较小、耐磨性高和耐火度高等优良特点，故将钛铁渣加入炮泥耐火材料(王凌云,邱文冬,梁永和.钛铝酸钙对环保炮泥性能的影响[J].冶金与材料,2019(2).)中，能够实现固体废弃物的利用和降低产品成本。但该技术仅从固废利用和降低成本角度考虑，使所钛铁渣中杂质相严重影响炮泥的高温性能。
“一种高炉出铁口用无水炮泥”(CN102898170A)专利技术，以钛白粉、碳化硅、刚玉、氮化硅、莫来石、无钙铬渣以及焦炭为原料，以树脂等为结合剂。该发明虽具有较好的体积密度及强度，但所采用的钛白粉相对昂贵，生产成本过高，同时大量钛白粉的加入会提升炮泥烧结性能，使炮泥在服役过程中出现收缩，轻则导致铁水对出铁口的进一步侵蚀，重则出现漏铁水的情况。
“一种用于维护高炉炉缸的无水炮泥及其制备方法”(CN102603312A)专利技术，该技术以特级矾土、棕刚玉、碳化硅、焦炭、球粘土、绢云母、蓝晶石、钛白粉、氮化硅和碳化钛为原料。该发明采用的碳化钛以及钛白粉虽能提升炮泥的抗侵蚀性能以及抗氧化性能，但其均以高纯原料进行配料，成本过于高昂。
“一种高炉出铁口用无水炮泥及其制备方法”(CN103044040A)专利技术，该技术以棕刚玉、高铝矾土、碳化硅、软质粘土、焦粉、硅石和氮化硅铁为原料，能基本满足出铁口用炮泥的需要，但该发明所述炮泥耐冲刷性能不佳，在服役过程中的损失会使得铁水不断渗入，从而导致出铁口需要频繁维护。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷，目的是提供一种生产成本低的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，用该方法制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥体积密度小、体积稳定性好、透气性好、耐压强度高和抗侵蚀性能好，同时能起到修复和维护出铁口的作用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：以3～20wt％的钛铁渣颗粒、5～10wt％的刚玉颗粒和10～18wt％的焦炭为骨料，以2～15wt％的钛铁渣细粉、5～10wt％的刚玉细粉、15～25wt％的碳化硅、10～18wt％的粘土、4～8wt％的绢云母、4～8wt％的蓝晶石和6～14wt％的氮化硅铁为基质。
先向所述骨料中加入占骨料和基质之和的4～5wt％的结合剂，搅拌8～10min，再加入所述基质，混合，得预混料；再向所述预混料中加入占骨料和基质之和的8～11wt％的所述结合剂，继续搅拌10～12min，然后用挤泥机挤压成块，即得高炉出铁口用炮泥。
所述钛铁渣的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥70.0wt％，TiO2含量≥15.0wt％；其中：所述钛铁渣颗粒的粒径大于1mm且小于等于3mm，所述钛铁渣细粉的粒径为0.044～1mm。
所述刚玉为板状刚玉、白刚玉和棕刚玉中的一种以上，所述刚玉的Al2O3≥95.0wt％；其中：所述刚玉颗粒的粒径大于1mm且小于等于3mm，所述刚玉细粉的粒径为0.044～1mm。
所述焦炭的C含量≥85.0wt％；所述焦炭的粒径为1～3mm。
所述碳化硅的SiC含量≥97.0wt％；所述碳化硅的粒径为0.088～1mm。
所述粘土的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥35.0wtwt％，SiO2含量≥50.0wt％，K2O含量≤1.5wt％；所述粘土的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述绢云母的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥10.0wt％，SiO2含量≥80.0wt％，K2O含量≤1.5wt％；所述绢云母的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述蓝晶石的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥35.0wt％，SiO2含量≥55.0wt％；所述蓝晶石的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述氮化硅铁的Si3N4含量≥75.0wt％；所述氮化硅铁的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述结合剂为热固性液态酚醛树脂、焦油和蒽油的混合物，所述混合物中：热固性液态酚醛树脂∶焦油∶蒽油的质量比为100∶(550～650)∶(250～350)。
由于采用上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
1、本发明以钛铁渣部分替代骨料的刚玉和基质部分的刚玉，钛铁渣的单价远低于刚玉，使得生产成本显著降低；同时还实现了钛铁渣的固废利用，有利于资源化利用和绿色环保。
2、本发明以钛铁渣部分替代骨料中的刚玉和基质部分刚玉，由于含钛化合物的引入，能在高温下生成碳氮化钛，沉积附着在受损伤的出铁口处，使所制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥具有修复和维护出铁口的作用，延长了高炉出铁口的寿命。
3、本发明以钛铁渣部分替代骨料部分的刚玉和基质部分的刚玉，由于钛铁渣中的次晶相为二铝酸钙，二铝酸钙在高温下生成六铝酸钙伴随着体积膨胀，在提高强度的同时抵消粘土等的收缩，使高炉出铁口用炮泥的体积稳定性显著改善。
4、本发明以钛铁渣部分替代骨料部分的刚玉和基质部分的刚玉，钛铁渣相对于刚玉而言，原料空隙较多，使高炉出铁口用炮泥在烧结过程中所产生的各种挥发物能够得到有效的排出，透气性好。
本发明所制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥经检测：体积密度为2.00～2.12g/cm3；抗折强度为6.0～7.0MPa；耐压强度为25.0～33.0MPa；透气度为14～18μm2；马夏值为0.65～0.75MPa；1100℃静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为1.0～5.0％。
因此，本发明生产成本低，所制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥不仅体积密度小、体积稳定性好、透气性好、耐压强度高和抗侵蚀性能好，同时能起到修复和维护高炉出铁口的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述，并非对其保护范围的限制。
为避免重复，先将本具体实施方式所涉及的物料统一描述如下，实施例中不再赘述：
所述钛铁渣的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥70.0wt％，TiO2含量≥15.0wt％；其中：所述钛铁渣颗粒的粒径大于1mm且小于等于3mm，所述钛铁渣细粉的粒径为0.044～1mm。
所述刚玉的Al2O3≥95.0wt％；其中：所述刚玉颗粒的粒径大于1mm且小于等于3mm，所述刚玉细粉的粒径为0.044～1mm。
所述焦炭的C含量≥85.0wt％；所述焦炭的粒径为1～3mm。
所述碳化硅的SiC含量≥97.0wt％；所述碳化硅的粒径为0.088～1mm。
所述粘土的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥35.0wtwt％，SiO2含量≥50.0wt％，K2O含量≤1.5wt％；所述粘土的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述绢云母的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥10.0wt％，SiO2含量≥80.0wt％，K2O含量≤1.5wt％；所述绢云母的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述蓝晶石的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥35.0wt％，SiO2含量≥55.0wt％；所述蓝晶石的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述氮化硅铁的Si3N4含量≥75.0wt％；所述氮化硅铁的粒径≤0.088mm。
所述结合剂为热固性液态酚醛树脂、焦油和蒽油的混合物，所述混合物中：热固性液态酚醛树脂∶焦油∶蒽油的质量比为100∶(550～650)∶(250～350)。
实施例1
一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是：
以3～8wt％的钛铁渣颗粒、8～10wt％的刚玉颗粒和10～12wt％的焦炭为骨料，以12～15wt％的钛铁渣细粉、5～6wt％的刚玉细粉、22～25wt％的碳化硅、16～18wt％的粘土、7～8wt％的绢云母、4～5wt％的蓝晶石和6～8wt％的氮化硅铁为基质。
先向所述骨料中加入占骨料和基质之和的4～5wt％的结合剂，搅拌8～10min，再加入所述基质，混合，得预混料；再向所述预混料中加入占骨料和基质之和的8～11wt％的所述结合剂，继续搅拌10～12min，然后用挤泥机挤压成块，即得高炉出铁口用炮泥。
所述刚玉为板状刚玉、白刚玉和棕刚玉中的一种。
实施例2
一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是：
以8～12wt％的钛铁渣颗粒、7～8wt％的刚玉颗粒和12～14wt％的焦炭为骨料，以8～12wt％的钛铁渣细粉、6～7wt％的刚玉细粉、20～22wt％的碳化硅、14～16wt％的粘土、6～7wt％的绢云母、5～6wt％的蓝晶石和8～10wt％的氮化硅铁为基质。
先向所述骨料中加入占骨料和基质之和的4～5wt％的结合剂，搅拌8～10min，再加入所述基质，混合，得预混料；再向所述预混料中加入占骨料和基质之和的8～11wt％的所述结合剂，继续搅拌10～12min，然后用挤泥机挤压成块，即得高炉出铁口用炮泥。
所述刚玉为板状刚玉、白刚玉和棕刚玉中的任意两种的混合物。
实施例3
一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是：
以12～16wt％的钛铁渣颗粒、6～7wt％的刚玉颗粒和14～16wt％的焦炭为骨料，以5～8wt％的钛铁渣细粉、7～8wt％的刚玉细粉、17～20wt％的碳化硅、12～14wt％的粘土、5～6wt％的绢云母、6～7wt％的蓝晶石和10～12wt％的氮化硅铁为基质。
先向所述骨料中加入占骨料和基质之和的4～5wt％的结合剂，搅拌8～10min，再加入所述基质，混合，得预混料；再向所述预混料中加入占骨料和基质之和的8～11wt％的所述结合剂，继续搅拌10～12min，然后用挤泥机挤压成块，即得高炉出铁口用炮泥。
所述刚玉为板状刚玉、白刚玉和棕刚玉的混合物。
实施例4
一种高炉出铁口用炮泥及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是：
以16～20wt％的钛铁渣颗粒、5～6wt％的刚玉颗粒和16～18wt％的焦炭为骨料，以2～5wt％的钛铁渣细粉、8～10wt％的刚玉细粉、15～17wt％的碳化硅、10～12wt％的粘土、4～5wt％的绢云母、7～8wt％的蓝晶石和12～14wt％的氮化硅铁为基质。
先向所述骨料中加入占骨料和基质之和的4～5wt％的结合剂，搅拌8～10min，再加入所述基质，混合，得预混料；再向所述预混料中加入占骨料和基质之和的8～11wt％的所述结合剂，继续搅拌10～12min，然后用挤泥机挤压成块，即得高炉出铁口用炮泥。
所述刚玉为板状刚玉、白刚玉和棕刚玉中的一种。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
1、本具体实施方式以钛铁渣部分替代骨料的刚玉和基质部分的刚玉，钛铁渣的单价远低于刚玉，使得生产成本显著降低；同时还实现了钛铁渣的固废利用，有利于资源化利用和绿色环保。
2、本具体实施方式以钛铁渣部分替代骨料中的刚玉和基质部分刚玉，由于含钛化合物的引入，能在高温下生成碳氮化钛，沉积附着在受损伤的出铁口处，使所制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥具有修复和维护出铁口的作用，延长了高炉出铁口的寿命。
3、本具体实施方式以钛铁渣部分替代骨料部分的刚玉和基质部分的刚玉，由于钛铁渣中的次晶相为二铝酸钙，二铝酸钙在高温下生成六铝酸钙伴随着体积膨胀，在提高强度的同时抵消粘土等的收缩，使高炉出铁口用炮泥的体积稳定性显著改善。
4、本具体实施方式以钛铁渣部分替代骨料部分的刚玉和基质部分的刚玉，钛铁渣相对于刚玉而言，原料空隙较多，使高炉出铁口用炮泥在烧结过程中所产生的各种挥发物能够得到有效的排出，透气性好。
本具体实施方式所制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥经检测：体积密度为2.00～2.12g/cm3；抗折强度为6.0～7.0MPa；耐压强度为25.0～33.0MPa；透气度为14～18μm2；马夏值为0.65～0.75MPa；1100℃静态坩埚法抗渣实验侵蚀指数为1.0～5.0％。
因此，本具体实施方式生产成本低，所制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥不仅体积密度小、体积稳定性好、透气性好、耐压强度高和抗侵蚀性能好，同时能起到修复和维护高炉出铁口的作用。

Claims (10)

1.一种高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于：以3～20wt％的钛铁渣颗粒、5～10wt％的刚玉颗粒和10～18wt％的焦炭为骨料，以2～15wt％的钛铁渣细粉、5～10wt％的刚玉细粉、15～25wt％的碳化硅、10～18wt％的粘土、4～8wt％的绢云母、4～8wt％的蓝晶石和6～14wt％的氮化硅铁为基质；
先向所述骨料中加入占骨料和基质之和的4～5wt％的结合剂，搅拌8～10min，再加入所述基质，混合，得预混料；再向所述预混料中加入占骨料和基质之和的8～11wt％的所述结合剂，继续搅拌10～12min，然后用挤泥机挤压成块，即得高炉出铁口用炮泥；
所述钛铁渣的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥70.0wt％，TiO2含量≥15.0wt％；其中：所述钛铁渣颗粒的粒径大于1mm且小于等于3mm，所述钛铁渣细粉的粒径为0.044～1mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述刚玉为板状刚玉、白刚玉和棕刚玉中的一种以上，所述刚玉的Al2O3≥95.0wt％；其中：所述刚玉颗粒的粒径大于1mm且小于等于3mm，所述刚玉细粉的粒径为0.044～1mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述焦炭的C含量≥85.0wt％；所述焦炭的粒径为1～3mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述碳化硅的SiC含量≥97.0wt％；所述碳化硅的粒径为0.088～1mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述粘土的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥35.0wtwt％，SiO2含量≥50.0wt％，K2O含量≤1.5wt％；所述粘土的粒径≤0.088mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述绢云母的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥10.0wt％，SiO2含量≥80.0wt％，K2O含量≤1.5wt％；所述绢云母的粒径≤0.088mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述蓝晶石的化学成分为：Al2O3含量≥35.0wt％，SiO2含量≥55.0wt％；所述蓝晶石的粒径≤0.088mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述氮化硅铁的Si3N4含量≥75.0wt％；所述氮化硅铁的粒径≤0.088mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于所述结合剂为热固性液态酚醛树脂、焦油和蒽油的混合物，所述混合物中：热固性液态酚醛树脂∶焦油∶蒽油的质量比为100∶(550～650)∶(250～350)。
10.一种高炉出铁口用炮泥，其特征在于所述高炉出铁口用炮泥是根据权利要求1～9项中任一项所述的高炉出铁口用炮泥的制备方法所制备的高炉出铁口用炮泥。
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