CN110583915A - 一种螳螂人工饲料及其制作方法和饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种螳螂人工饲料及其制作方法和饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明提供螳螂人工饲料的配方及其设备方法和饲养方法,包括按重量百分比配置以下原料:水:60%‑65%、鸡蛋液:13%‑20%、多维葡萄糖:4%、蝇蛆粉:5%‑8%、蚕蛹粉:5%‑8%、蜂蜜:0.65%、蜂王浆:0.65%、山梨酸:0.15%、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯:0.15%、抗坏血酸:0.30%、琼脂:1.00%‑1.50%;并且将鸡蛋液、多维葡萄糖、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸与步骤1中水的30%‑40%(质量)混合,得到匀浆液;本发明的一种螳螂人工饲料配方,及其制作方法和饲养方法,适宜螳螂幼虫生长发育和成虫产卵繁殖,解决螳螂饲养过程中螳螂自残严重,幼虫成活率低,成虫生殖力较弱的难题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于昆虫饲养技术领域,尤其涉及螳螂人工饲料的配方及其制备方法和饲养方法。
背景技术
螳螂属直翅目螳螂科,是一类重要的资源昆虫。1.螳螂若虫和成虫均为肉食性、具有捕食周期长、食量大、食虫种类多等特点,是农林业害虫的重要天敌。2.螳螂卵鞘和成虫均可入药。药用卵鞘为桑螵鞘,具有很高的医用价值。3.螳螂除了在生物防治方面有广泛的应用之外,现已成为动物行为学、生理学、生态学、细胞生物学、分子生物学等学科研究的模式昆虫之一,引起越来越多的关注。4.一些体色鲜艳,形态特异的螳螂种类具有较高的观赏价值,因此螳螂的人工饲养有广阔的应用前景,但是,在螳螂的人工饲养过程中存在问题是:
1.是利用鲜活昆虫饲养螳螂即低龄若虫用果蝇或蚜虫饲养,大龄和成虫用蝗虫等饲养,费力费时,工作量大,饲养成本高。
2.利用配制人工饲料饲养。由于饲料不充分营养不全面,且饲料成分种类繁多,配置复杂,存在着幼虫成活率低,螳螂成虫自残现象严重,雌螳螂生殖力较弱等问题,很难实现规模化饲养。饲养螳螂自残主要是雌雄成虫配对时产生雌吃雄的现象,无法完成交配,影响产卵,无法扩大种群数量,产生这一原因主要是饲料成分营养不全,营养不平衡,雌成虫饱食感不强。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种螳螂人工饲料配方,及其制作方法和饲养方法,适宜螳螂幼虫生长发育和成虫产卵繁殖,解决螳螂饲养过程中螳螂自残严重,幼虫成活率低,成虫生殖力较弱的难题。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种螳螂人工饲料配方的制备方法,是按照以下步骤制备的:
步骤1.按重量百分比配置以下原料:
水:60%-65%、鸡蛋液:13%-20%、多维葡萄糖:4%、蝇蛆粉:5%-8%、蚕蛹粉:5%-8%、蜂蜜:0.65%、蜂王浆:0.65%、山梨酸:0.15%、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯:0.15%、抗坏血酸:0.30%、琼脂:1.00%-1.50%。
步骤2.将鸡蛋液、多维葡萄糖、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸与步骤1中水的30%-40%(质量)混合,得到匀浆液。
步骤3.将琼脂和剩余的水加热,在100℃条件下溶解得到琼脂液;
步骤4.将步骤2得到的匀浆液和步骤3得到的琼脂液混合搅拌,得到人工饲料。
螳螂人工饲料,采用螳螂人工饲料配方的制备方法制备而成。
螳螂人工饲料饲养螳螂的方法,包括以下步骤:
1.卵的孵化管理:
将螳螂卵鞘单个放在灭菌后的直径为9.8cm,高4.1cm经过消毒加有湿润卷纸的塑料盒中,然后放入培养箱,保持27.5-28.5℃条件下孵化,每天检查一次,加洁净水在盒内卷纸上保湿,知道卵鞘孵化。
2.幼虫饲养方法:
将刚孵的螳螂20头放入长×宽×高为17cm×10cm×9cm四周蒙细铁丝网的饲料笼中放置培养箱27.5-28.5℃静养24小时后加入螳螂人工饲料,若虫羽化后将成虫放入成虫饲养笼中饲养。
3.成虫饲养方法:
将羽化的成虫一雌一雄配对放入规格为长×宽×高=8cm×7cm×6cm饲养笼中,放入吸水后的脱脂棉球作为供给水源及保持湿润度,每天换吸水脱脂棉球和添加人工饲料,待成虫产卵后,取出卵块放入塑料盒中孵化或放入5℃冰箱保存。
本发明的有益效果:
1.水:满足螳螂对水分的要求,也是适应螳螂螳螂咀嚼式口器的需要,对水的来源汲取有特殊限制。
鸡蛋液:为市集鸡蛋,满足螳螂对动物蛋白质的需要,是蛋清和蛋白的混合液。
多维葡萄糖:购自重庆和平制药有限公司。用于提供螳螂生长发育中所需的碳水化合物及最重要的维生素成分。
蝇蛆粉:购自苍蝇之家,提供螳螂对动物蛋白质的需要。
蚕蛹粉:购自大山开心农场,提供螳螂对动物蛋白质的需要。
蜂蜜:购自一品虫坊蜂制品公司,促进螳螂生长过程中的生长发育。
山梨酸:用于防腐作用,购自成都科龙化学试剂厂。
琼脂:用于饲料成型,防止饲料不失水分,用时便于螳螂取食,购自成都科龙化学试剂厂。
2.本发明中匀浆机的转速为10000~12000rpm,(高速匀浆利于饲料成分充分粉碎及拌匀,增强饲料成分均匀性更利于螳螂取食,增加幼虫成活率)。
匀浆机为JJ-2型组织捣碎匀浆机,金坛市荣华仪器制造有限公司。
3.发明有益效果体现:1、饲料成分构成简单,实用,营养较平衡,利于螳螂生长发育及繁殖,且成本较低。2、配制饲料过程简单,容易保存。
4.饲料成分来源广,容易购买或者自制。
5.现有技术中的配方有三种:
a.配方1食用明胶2%-6%,纯牛奶30%-35%,饲料级鱼粉3%-5%,西红柿4%-6%,鸡蛋清20%-25%,葡萄糖4%-6%,去皮蚕蛹28%-33%,复合维生素:0.05-0.1%:本发明配方的组分为:水、鸡蛋液、多维葡萄糖、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸、琼脂。与配方1相比由于明胶作为饲料提供给蝗虫食用时,需要对明胶加热,食用明胶30℃以上易溶化,低龄幼虫易粘上,影响成活率。
b.还有配方2如蚯蚓50-70分,血粉6-13份、玉米秸秆粉10-20份、维生素0.1-0.6份、防腐剂0.1-0.5,蜂蜜5-12份。本发明配方的组分为:水、鸡蛋液、多维葡萄糖、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸、琼脂。与配方2相比,配方2不具备螳螂取食的良好物理性状,不利于饲料保湿,易干,影响螳螂取食。
c.还有配方3:水130g、鸡杂35g、猪血15g、黄粉从干粉20g、蟑螂粉25g、牛肉膏、蜂蜜、猕猴桃浓缩汁水3g、青苹果浓缩汁3g、奶酪5g、山药粉3g、魔芋粉6g、鱼腥草粉8g、琼脂20g、维生素b i0.1 g、维生素B0.1 g、维生素B2.0g、烟酸0.15g、铬酵母0.1g、微晶纤维素0.2g、硬脂酸镁0.12g、二氧化硅0.15g、滑石粉0.3g、甘草粉3g。本发明配方的组分为:水、鸡蛋液、多维葡萄糖、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸、琼脂。与配方3相比,配方3组成复杂,添加多种植物性成分造成营养不平衡,不利于肉食性昆虫(螳螂)生长发育且增加饲养成本。
本发明根据螳螂的生活习性,对螳螂的饲料配方提出肉食性蛋白成分,降低雌性螳螂的饥饿感,避免雌雄交配时的自相残杀现象。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
步骤1.称量以下重量的组分:
水:200g、鸡蛋液:40g、蝇蛆粉:21g、蚕蛹粉:20g、多维葡萄糖:12g、蜂蜜:2g、蜂王浆:2g、山梨酸:0.5g、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯:0.5g、抗坏血酸:1g、琼脂4g。
步骤2.将鸡蛋液、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、多维葡萄糖、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸与步骤1中水质量的30%-40%混合,得到匀浆液。
步骤3.将琼脂和剩余的水加热至100℃条件,得到琼脂液。
步骤4.将步骤3中得到的琼脂液与步骤2的匀浆液混合搅拌,得到人工饲料。
实施例2.
步骤1.称量以下重量的组分:
水190g、鸡蛋液50g、蝇蛆粉25g、蚕蛹粉15g、多维葡萄糖12g、蜂蜜2g、蜂王浆2g、山梨酸0.5g、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯:0.5g、抗坏血酸:1g、琼脂3.8g。
步骤2.将鸡蛋液、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、多维葡萄糖、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸与步骤1中水质量的30%-40%混合,得到匀浆液。
步骤3.步骤3.将琼脂和剩余的水加热至100℃条件,得到琼脂液。
步骤4.将步骤3中得到的琼脂液与步骤2的匀浆液混合搅拌,得到人工饲料。
实施例3.
步骤1.称量以下重量的组分:
水180g、鸡蛋液60g、蝇蛆粉15g、蚕蛹粉25g、多维葡萄糖12g、蜂蜜2g、蜂王浆2g、山梨酸:0.5g、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯:0.5g、抗坏血酸:1g、琼脂:3.6g。
步骤2.将鸡蛋液、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、多维葡萄糖、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸与步骤1中水质量的30%-40%混合,得到匀浆液。
步骤3.将琼脂和剩余的水加热至100℃条件,得到琼脂液。
步骤4.将步骤3中得到的琼脂液与步骤2的匀浆液混合搅拌,得到人工饲料。
对比例1.
步骤1.称量以下重量的组分:
水100g、鲜猪肝40g、蚜虫粉20g、豆粉:5g、蔗糖20g、琼脂:3g、酵母片:1g。
步骤2.将鲜猪肝、蚜虫粉、豆粉、豆粉、蔗糖、酵母片与步骤1中水质量的30%-40%混合,得到匀浆液。
步骤3.将琼脂和剩余的水加热至100℃条件,得到琼脂液。
步骤4.将步骤3中得到的琼脂液与步骤2的匀浆液混合搅拌,得到人工饲料。
对比例2
用活体昆虫方法进行饲养:1-2龄的蚜虫进行饲养,2龄以后改用蝗虫饲养。
在同一饲养器具和同等条件下用实施例1-3,对比例1制作的人工饲料分别饲养螳螂每容器放入一只螳螂幼虫共30杯,每处理设5个重复每天观察2次,8:00和18:00,计算其幼虫成虫率,成虫羽化率,将各处理得到的成虫单雌雄配对放入成虫饲养笼中喂养,每天记录成虫死亡数,待成虫产卵后每天记录产卵数计算成虫寿命及成虫产卵量,最后的幼虫成活率,成虫羽化率,成虫寿命,成虫单雌产卵量,4个指标来综合评价各组饲料的饲养效率。
表1
幼虫成活率 | 成虫产卵数 | 单虫产卵块数 | 单块卵粒数 | |
实施例1 | 52.3% | 68.3% | 2.8 | 103.2 |
实施例2 | 53.8% | 67.5% | 2.5 | 97.5 |
实施例3 | 51.9% | 69.82% | 2.7 | 95.4 |
对比例1 | 21.83% | 19.72% | 1.5 | 62.3 |
对比例2 | 38.74% | 58.37% | 2.3 | 85.8 |
从表一结果得知,本发明方法螳螂人工饲料饲养的幼虫成活率,成虫产卵数,单虫产卵块数,单块卵粒数,其幼虫成活率,成虫产卵虫数,单虫产卵块数,单块卵粒数均高于对比例,也高于对照组用蚜虫,蝗虫饲养的螳螂幼虫成活率,成虫产卵数,单虫产卵块数,单块卵粒数,与对比例1相比具有配制简单,原料易得的特点,与对照相比具有省工省力,效率提高,更易于规模化饲养,同时本发明添加了蜂王浆和蜂蜜,使螳螂的幼虫成活率,成虫产卵数,单虫产卵块数,单块卵粒数明显提高。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种螳螂人工饲料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,是按照以下步骤制备的:
步骤1.按重量百分比配置以下原料:
水:60%-65%、鸡蛋液:13%-20%、多维葡萄糖:4%、蝇蛆粉:5%-8%、蚕蛹粉:5%-8%、蜂蜜:0.65%、蜂王浆:0.65%、山梨酸:0.15%、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯:0.15%、抗坏血酸:0.30%、琼脂:1.00%-1.50%;
步骤2.将鸡蛋液、多维葡萄糖、蝇蛆粉、蚕蛹粉、蜂蜜、蜂王浆、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、抗坏血酸与步骤1中水的30%-40%(质量)混合,得到匀浆液;
步骤3.将琼脂和剩余的水加热,在100℃条件下溶解得到琼脂液;
步骤4.将步骤2得到的匀浆液和步骤3得到的琼脂液混合搅拌,得到人工饲料。
2.螳螂人工饲料,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1的螳螂人工饲料配方的制备方法制备而成。
3.螳螂人工饲料饲养螳螂的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.卵的孵化管理:
将螳螂卵鞘单个放在灭菌后的直径为9.8cm,高4.1cm经过消毒加有湿润卷纸的塑料盒中,然后放入培养箱,保持27.5-28.5℃条件下孵化,每天检查一次,加洁净水在盒内卷纸上保湿,知道卵鞘孵化;
步骤2.幼虫饲养方法:
将刚孵的螳螂20头放入长×宽×高为17cm×10cm×9cm四周蒙细铁丝网的饲料笼中放置培养箱27.5-28.5℃静养24小时后加入螳螂人工饲料,若虫羽化后将成虫放入成虫饲养笼中饲养;
步骤3.成虫饲养方法:
将羽化的成虫一雌一雄配对放入规格为长×宽×高=8cm×7cm×6cm饲养笼中,放入吸水后的脱脂棉球作为供给水源及保持湿润度,每天换吸水脱脂棉球和添加人工饲料,待成虫产卵后,取出卵块放入塑料盒中孵化或放入5℃冰箱保存。
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