CN110583903A - 一种多苞桉桉树精油及其复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用 - Google Patents
一种多苞桉桉树精油及其复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K36/61—Myrtaceae (Myrtle family), e.g. teatree or eucalyptus
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种多苞桉桉树精油及其复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用,所述多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂包括多苞桉桉树精油和菌含量不少于5×108 CFU/g的灰色链霉菌HL‑50,其中所述灰色链霉菌HL‑50的保藏编号为CGMCC No.18424,多苞桉桉树精油最主要的有效成分是1,8‑桉叶脑。本发明的多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂制备和使用简单,只需按照0.5‑1.5 kg/吨饲料的用量均匀混合在海水鱼类的食用饲料中并连续投喂4‑10天,即可达到有效地驱离甲壳类动物感染的多种寄生虫和抑菌的作用,且所述复合菌剂无毒无害,适合甲壳类动物长期使用,减少养殖成本,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种多苞桉桉树精油及其复合菌剂在制备用于甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用。
背景技术
精油是从植物的花、叶、茎、根或果实中,通过水蒸气蒸馏法、挤压法、冷浸法或溶剂提取法提炼萃取的挥发性芳香物质,其中大多数的比重比水轻,相对密度一般在0.8~1.17。精油对热和光照敏感,因此需要贮存于深色容器和阴凉处,并且精油因为其自身具有的特殊香气以及可溶于有机溶剂的特点,现在多用于保养品以及芳香疗法中,但植物精油功能多种多样,除具有传统的调香、舒缓与振奋精神的作用外,还具有抗菌、防痉挛、促生长、促进细胞新陈代谢及细胞再生功能、增强免疫力、抗氧化等功效,甚至还可以改善畜禽产品品质。而在精油中有一类为木质类精油,萃取自木质类植物,比如檀香、雪松、桦木、香柏木、沉香、桉树等。
其中,桉树是桃金娘科桉树属植物的统称,大多数为高大的乔木,灌木很少,且具有丰富的药用价值,而市面上常见的桉树精油多来源于高大乔木类桉树,但这种桉树精油色泽很浅,感官不浓稠,气味冲但不持久,最终会影响精油的使用效果。而在澳大利亚分布着一种小叶桉(多苞桉),其生长在非常干旱的沙土地环境中,会比一般的蓝桉含有更多的桉树脑成分且提取率较高,用多苞桉生产的精油不仅含量高、品质好,是珍贵的医用级原料,还可以广泛地用于抗菌和驱虫领域。
在水产动物养殖时,由于清塘不彻底、水质管理不好、预防不到位等原因会引起各种寄生虫和细菌,从而导致直接或间接给整个水产养殖业带来了巨大的损失。为了维持养殖的效益,抗菌杀虫药成了水产养殖的刚需产品。但传统的药品为了单纯追求立竿见影的效果,会出现重金属超标、药物用量不稳定等情况,从而破坏水质的稳定、损伤水产动物的健康并降低其免疫力,严重的还会直接导致死亡事件的发生,最终降低了生产效益,也给消费者带来了安全隐患。因此,制备一款天然、健康、对水产动物安全的杀菌驱虫药变得非常重要。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术上的缺陷和不足,本发明提供了一种多苞桉桉树精油及其复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物的驱虫剂中的应用,所述复合制剂既能达到杀菌驱虫效果,又不会影响水生动物健康,安全性极高。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供了一种多苞桉桉树精油在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用。
进一步的:所述多苞桉桉树精油由多苞桉桉树叶制得,包含以下组分:1,8-桉叶脑、β-甲基异丙基苯、柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、松油烯-4-醇、别香橙烯、α-松油醇、P-甲基异丙基苯、双丙酮醇、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、α-水芹烯、α-萜烯、γ-萜烯、粘醛、香芹酮、水芹醛、4-喈烯、蓝桉烯和β-桉叶油醇。
进一步的:所述多苞桉桉树精油的制备过程包括以下步骤:
(1)多苞桉桉树叶分别经水洗塔、烘干机、粉碎机处理后,获得多苞桉桉树叶碎;
(2)步骤(1)的多苞桉桉树叶碎分别进入水蒸气蒸馏釜、冷凝器和油水分层器后,获得多苞桉桉树精油原油;
(3)步骤(2)的多苞桉桉树精油原油经过固定床吸附干燥器进一步去除水分后,进入减压精馏塔去除杂质油后获得多苞桉桉树精油。
本发明还提供了所述的多苞桉桉树精油的复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用。
进一步的:所述多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂包括多苞桉桉树精油和灰色链霉菌HL-50。
进一步的:所述灰色链霉菌HL-50的保藏编号为CGMCC No.18424。
进一步的:所述灰色链霉菌HL-50的菌含量不少于5×108 CFU/g。
进一步的:所述甲壳类动物包括:对虾、龙虾、梭子蟹、白蟹、大闸蟹和口虾蛄。
进一步的:所述驱虫剂能够杀死下列寄生虫:微孢子虫、鱼鲺、肺吸虫和曼氏裂头蚴。
进一步的:所述多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂的应用方法为:将所述苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂以0.5-1.5 kg/吨饲料的用量均匀混合在甲壳类动物的食用饲料中,连续投喂4-10天。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明使用澳大利亚多苞桉桉树为原料,其成分天然,不影响甲壳类动物摄食和生长,无毒、无副作用,不影响养殖水质,因此制备的多苞桉桉树精油油品质量更好,具有更好的驱虫效果,且可以长时间持续发挥作用。
(2)本发明将所述的多苞桉桉树精油与灰色链霉菌HL-50制成的复合菌剂可以有效地驱离甲壳类动物感染的多种寄生虫,所述复合菌剂不仅可以驱虫,还可以有效抑制动物肠道以及生存环境的有害菌群的繁殖,减少细菌感染,进而提高甲壳类动物的生长性能,且使用安全、不产生任何毒副作用,制备简单、对环境友好,且使用范围广泛,效果更好,因此节约养殖成本,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明中的多苞桉桉树精油的制备工艺流程图。
图2为本发明中的多苞桉桉树精油的具体成分表。
图3为本发明分离得到的灰色链霉菌HL-50在高氏合成一号琼脂培养基上的菌落照片。
图4为所述多苞桉桉树精油应用于南美白对虾上的实验结果;其中图4A显示对虾腹部全白;图4B为使用复合菌剂后的对虾腹部透明,肝胰腺清晰,胃肠食物充盈。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
一、多苞桉桉树精油的制备
本发明中的多苞桉桉树精油的制备工艺流程如图1所示,首先将澳大利亚多苞桉桉树叶放入水洗塔清洗后,放到烘干机中烘干,再于粉碎机中粉碎后分别进入水蒸气蒸馏釜、冷凝器和油水分层器中分离油相和水相,其中水相进入乙醚萃取器分离出废水,含有乙醚的液体进入乙醚回收塔中回收乙醚,将回收的乙醚和油相液体添加到固体床吸附干燥器进一步去除油相中的水分,最后将油相液体加入到减压精馏塔中精馏以此去除杂质油后便得到多苞桉桉树精油。
本实施例中制备出的多苞桉桉树精油保存在密封、不透光的容器中并避光放置。随后对多苞桉桉树精油进行色谱分析,检测出的具体成分如图2所示。由两张图可以看出在多苞桉桉树精油中质量含量最多的成分为1,8-桉树脑(83.8%),该成分也是本发明多苞桉桉树精油中最主要的有效成分,具有明显的抗菌和驱虫的效果,其他的成分有β-甲基异丙基苯(3.43%)、柠檬烯(2.5%)、α-蒎烯(1.8%)、别香橙烯(1.08%)、松油烯-4-醇(0.88%)、α-松油醇(0.58%)、蓝桉烯(0.54%)、P-甲基异丙基苯(0.51%)等。
二、灰色链霉菌HL-50的筛选分离与鉴定
1、灰色链霉菌HL-50的筛选
以土壤为样品,将土壤和无菌水混匀混匀制成土壤的10-1稀释液,然后分别制取10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5稀释液。分别取10-3、10-4、10-5稀释液涂布于高氏合成一号琼脂培养基上,在30℃恒温培养7d,选取明显的菌落进行多次纯化后得到单菌落,命名为HL-50,置于高氏合成一号琼脂斜面培养基中保存。所述高氏合成一号琼脂培养基的配方为:KNO3 1g,可溶性淀粉20g,K2HPO4 0.5g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g,NaCl 0.5g,FeSO4 0.01g,琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.2。如图3所示,所述菌株HL-50在高氏合成一号琼脂培养基的菌落生物学特性为:菌落呈圆形,面积较小、中间稍有突起,浅土黄色,菌落表面微绒状、不透明,气生菌丝生长丰盛,呈乳白色。该菌株生长温度为16℃~40℃,最适宜生长温度是24℃~35℃,生长pH值是4~9,最适宜生长pH 是6~8。
2、灰色链霉菌HL-50的16S rRNA序列测定
提取所述菌株HL-50的基因组DNA,并以此为模板,使用16S rRNA通用引物进行PCR扩增,获得16S rRNA扩增序列后测序,所得核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示,将该序列进行Blast比对,结果显示菌株HL-50与GenBank基因库中灰色链霉菌Streptomyces griseus同源性最高,因此判定菌株HL-50为灰色链霉菌。
将筛选到的灰色链霉菌HL-50进行菌种保藏,保藏单位:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC);地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所;保藏日期:2019年8月27日;灰色链霉菌Streptomyces griseus的保藏编号为CGMCC No.18424。
三、多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂的制备
将上述多苞桉桉树精油与菌含量不少于5×108 CFU/g的灰色链霉菌HL-50混匀后制成桉树精油复合菌剂。多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂在使用时,以0.5-1.5 kg/吨饲料的用量混合在甲壳类动物的食用饲料中,按正常的饲养管理来进行投喂,连续投喂4-10天。
实施例2
江苏射阳外塘养殖南美白对虾,3.5万尾/亩,5月中旬出现对虾生长慢,摄食量小,腹部不透明,空肠空胃,肝胰腺模糊不清的现象,个别已经完全发白,呈现出对虾微孢子虫的典型症状。采用实施例1制备的多苞桉桉树精油1 kg拌1吨饲料,按正常的饲养管理来进行,连续投喂7日,每天投喂3次。7日后,再次检查对虾的情况。如图4所示,饲喂初期,大腹部不透明,空肠空胃,肝胰腺模糊,微孢子虫的典型症状;饲喂7天后,肠道和胃有食物,肝胰腺变清晰,体色转通透,说明多苞桉桉树精油对南美白对虾具有明显的驱虫效果。
实施例3
浙江宁波养殖梭子蟹,在梭子蟹成熟期前发现蟹鳍底部具有体积很小、会蠕动、淡红色的寄生虫,经显微镜检测确认为肺吸虫。即刻采用本发明制备的多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂1kg拌1吨梭子蟹饲料,并按正常的饲养管理来进行,连续投喂10日,每天投喂3次。10日后,再次检查梭子蟹的情况。结果显示在饲喂初期,梭子蟹鳍底出现淡红色且体积小的肺吸虫;饲喂10天后,梭子蟹鳍底的肺吸虫消失,说明多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂对梭子蟹具有明显的驱虫效果。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
序列表
<110> 山东龙昌动物保健品有限公司
<120> 一种多苞桉桉树精油及其复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
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<211> 1475
<212> DNA
<213> 灰色链霉菌(Streptomyces griseus)
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acgaacgctg gcggcgtgct taacacatgc aagtcgaacg atgaagcctt tcggggtgga 60
ttagtggcga acgggtgagt aacacgtggg caatctgccc ttcactctgg gacaagccct 120
ggaaacgggg tctaataccg gataacactc tgtcccgcat gggacggggt taaaagctcc 180
ggcggtgaag gatgagcccg cggcctatca gcttgttggt ggggtaatgg cctaccaagg 240
cgacgacggg tagccggcct gagagggcga ccggccacac tgggactgag acacggccca 300
gactcctacg ggaggcagca gtggggaata ttgcacaatg ggcgaaagcc tgatgcagcg 360
acgccgcgtg agggatgacg gccttcgggt tgtaaacctc tttcagcagg gaagaagcga 420
gagtgacggt acctgcagaa gaagcgccgg ctaactacgt gccagcagcc gcggtaatac 480
gtagggcgca agcgttgtcc ggaattattg ggcgtaaaga gctcgtaggc ggcttgtcac 540
gtcggatgtg aaagcccggg gcttaacccc gggtctgcat tcgatacggg ctagctagag 600
tgtggtaggg gagatcggaa ttcctggtgt agcggtgaaa tgcgcagata tcaggaggaa 660
caccggtggc gaaggcggat ctctgggcca ttactgacgc tgaggagcga aagcgtgggg 720
agcgaacagg attagatacc ctggtagtcc acgccgtaaa cgttgggaac taggtgttgg 780
cgacattcca cgtcgtcggt gccgcagcta acgcattaag ttccccgcct ggggagtacg 840
gccgcaaggc taaaactcaa aggaattgac gggggcccgc acaagcagcg gagcatgtgg 900
cttaattcga cgcaacgcga agaaccttac caaggcttga catataccgg aaagcatcag 960
agatggtgcc ccccttgtgg tcggtataca ggtggtgcat ggctgtcgtc agctcgtgtc 1020
gtgagatgtt gggttaagtc ccgcaacgag cgcaaccctt gttctgtgtt gccagcatgc 1080
ccttcggggt gatggggact cacaggagac tgccggggtc aactcggagg aaggtgggga 1140
cgacgtcaag tcatcatgcc ccttatgtct tgggctgcac acgtgctaca atggccggta 1200
caatgagctg cgatgccgcg aggcggagcg aatctcaaaa agccggtctc agttcggatt 1260
ggggtctgca actcgacccc atgaagtcgg agttgctagt aatcgcagat cagcattgct 1320
gcggtgaata cgttcccggg ccttgtacac accgcccgtc acgtcacgaa agtcggtaac 1380
acccgaagcc ggtggcccaa ccccttgtgg gagggagctg tcgaaggtgg gactggcgat 1440
tgggacgaag tcgtaacaag gtagccgtac cggaa 1475
Claims (10)
1.一种多苞桉桉树精油在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多苞桉桉树精油在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用,其特征在于:所述多苞桉桉树精油由多苞桉桉树叶制得,包含以下组分:1,8-桉叶脑、β-甲基异丙基苯、柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、松油烯-4-醇、别香橙烯、α-松油醇、P-甲基异丙基苯、双丙酮醇、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、α-水芹烯、α-萜烯、γ-萜烯、粘醛、香芹酮、水芹醛、4-喈烯、蓝桉烯和β-桉叶油醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多苞桉桉树精油在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用,其特征在于:所述多苞桉桉树精油的制备过程包括以下步骤:
(1)多苞桉桉树叶分别经水洗塔、烘干机、粉碎机处理后,获得多苞桉桉树叶碎;
(2)步骤(1)的多苞桉桉树叶碎分别进入水蒸气蒸馏釜、冷凝器和油水分层器后,获得多苞桉桉树精油原油;
(3)步骤(2)的多苞桉桉树精油原油经过固定床吸附干燥器进一步去除水分后,进入减压精馏塔去除杂质油后获得多苞桉桉树精油。
4.含有权利要求1所述的多苞桉桉树精油的复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用,其特征在于:所述多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂包括多苞桉桉树精油和灰色链霉菌HL-50。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用,其特征在于:所述灰色链霉菌HL-50的保藏编号为CGMCC No.18424。
7.根据权利要求6所述的多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用,其特征在于:所述灰色链霉菌HL-50的菌含量不少于5×108 CFU/g。
8.权利要求1所述的多苞桉桉树精油或者权利要求3所述的复合菌剂在用于制备甲壳类动物驱虫剂中的应用,其特征在于:所述甲壳类动物包括:对虾、龙虾、梭子蟹、白蟹、大闸蟹和口虾蛄。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:所述驱虫剂能够杀死下列寄生虫:微孢子虫、鱼鲺、肺吸虫和曼氏裂头蚴。
10.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:所述多苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂的应用方法为:将所述苞桉桉树精油复合菌剂以0.5-1.5 kg/吨饲料的用量均匀混合在甲壳类动物的食用饲料中,连续投喂4-10天。
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