CN110583896A - 一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料及其方法 - Google Patents
一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料及其方法，所述饲料包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉40～50份、豆粕30～40份、石粉20～30份、膨化玉米30～40份、食盐1～2份、大肠杆菌1～2份、链格孢霉菌2～3份、维生素A0.2～0.3份、磷酸氢钙10～20份、色氨酸0.2～0.4份和精氨酸0.1～0.2份，并公开了使用上述饲料构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的构建方法。本发明通过调整构建高尿酸血症及模型中采用的饲料的成分，得到了构建时间更短、动物模型症状更稳定的模型。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料及其方法，主要用于抗高尿酸药物开发领域。
背景技术
高尿酸血症是由嘌呤代谢异常引起的代谢性疾病，由体内尿酸代谢异常导致尿酸生成增多或者排泄受阻所致。有研究表示，高尿酸血症不仅是常见的代谢性疾病，且与高血压、冠心病、脑卒中等心血管疾病以及代谢综合征等密切相关。高尿酸血症的病发受多种因素的影响，主要有高蛋白高脂肪的饮食习惯、不良的生活习惯、地理环境、性别、年龄、遗传、职业、药物以及各种代谢因素等。随着社会的发展，人们的饮食结构、生活习惯发生了变化，高尿酸血症的患病率在不断地上升，高尿酸血症的病因研究及其治疗药物的研发力度也在不断增加。
其中，通过构建动物模型来研究高尿酸血症的病因及其治疗药物的研发是目前最常用的方法之一，大量学者在构建模型时，存在构建时间较长(一般需要40天左右)和相同方法得到的动物模型的症状相差较大等问题。因此，目前提出一种构建时间较短、得到的动物模型的症状更稳定的高尿酸血症动物模型的构建方法十分有意义。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉40～50份、豆粕30～40份、石粉20～30份、膨化玉米30～40份、食盐1～2份、大肠杆菌1～2份、链格孢霉菌2～3份、维生素A0.2～0.3份、磷酸氢钙10～20份、色氨酸0.2～0.4份和精氨酸0.1～0.2份。
优选地，所述饲料包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉45份、豆粕35份、石粉25份、膨化玉米40份、食盐1份、大肠杆菌2份、链格孢霉菌3份、维生素A0.3份、磷酸氢钙15份、色氨酸0.2份和精氨酸0.1份。
优选地，所述饲料包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉40份、豆粕40份、石粉20份、膨化玉米30份、食盐1份、大肠杆菌1份、链格孢霉菌2份、维生素A0.3份、磷酸氢钙12份、色氨酸0.3份和精氨酸0.2份。
优选地，所述饲料包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉50份、豆粕30份、石粉30份、膨化玉米40份、食盐2份、大肠杆菌2份、链格孢霉菌2份、维生素A0.2份、磷酸氢钙20份、色氨酸0.2份和精氨酸0.2份。
优选地，所述饲料还包括维生素D0.1～0.2份和柠檬酸1～2份。
本发明还提供了一种高尿酸血症鸡模型的构建方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：选取鸡作为模型构建对象，备用；
步骤2：给模型构建对象喂食上述的饲料，喂食20天，喂食的方式采用自由采食。
其中，喂食的20天中，每天提供两次喂水，每次喂水20mL。
优选地，在步骤1中选取的鸡为蛋龄前的鸡。本发明采用蛋龄前的鸡为模型构建对象，其体内同样没有尿酸氧化酶，嘌呤代谢途径与人类相似，最终代谢产物为尿酸。禽类属于卵生动物，哺乳动物属于胎生动物，因此禽类在形成卵外壳时也需要血钙的参与，但是本发明选择蛋龄前鸡，因此也排除了这个影响因素。
有益效果：本发明通过调整构建高尿酸血症及模型中采用的饲料的成分，得到了构建时间更短、动物模型症状更稳定的模型。
附图说明
图1为尿液中结晶的显微形态示意图；
图2为肾病理切片的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整的描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、方案和效果。
实施例1：
一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉45份、豆粕35份、石粉25份、膨化玉米40份、食盐1份、大肠杆菌2份、链格孢霉菌3份、维生素A0.3份、磷酸氢钙15份、色氨酸0.2份、精氨酸0.1份、维生素D0.1份和柠檬酸1份。
实施例2：
一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉40份、豆粕40份、石粉20份、膨化玉米30份、食盐1份、大肠杆菌1份、链格孢霉菌2份、维生素A0.3份、磷酸氢钙12份、色氨酸0.3份和精氨酸0.2份。
实施例3：
一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉50份、豆粕30份、石粉30份、膨化玉米40份、食盐2份、大肠杆菌2份、链格孢霉菌2份、维生素A0.2份、磷酸氢钙20份、色氨酸0.2份和精氨酸0.2份。
实施例4：
选取11羽60天蛋龄前母鸡作为模型构建对象；给模型构建对象喂食实施例1(实施例1中的饲料经测试，其蛋白质、钙、磷、维生素A的含量分别为42.90％、3.78％、0.98％、97.09μg/g)的饲料，喂食20天，喂食的方式采用自由采食，其中，喂食的20天中，每天提供两次喂水，每羽每次喂水20mL；以此作为模型组。
同样选取11羽60天蛋龄前母鸡作为对象，以市售普通饲料喂食20天，采用自由采食的方式，每天提供两次喂水，每羽每次喂水20mL；以此作为对照组。
每天记录模型组和对照组的鸡的状态，与对照组比较，模型组鸡出现精神萎靡，食欲不振情况，羽毛脱落严重，常伏卧，不喜走动，冠髦苍白等，偶有喷嚏情况发生，其粪便较稀且灰白，氨臭味较重。
于第0、10、15、20天对对照组及模型组的鸡进行称重、收集尿液、静脉取血和各指标的测定，并在20天后，将各组鸡进行剖检，比较鸡的淋巴及内脏，并对肾做病理切片进行比较。其中各指标的测试方法和过程如下：
尿液中结晶的显微观察：将收集的尿液静置1000r/min离心5min，分离尿沉渣，并于显微镜下观察形态，记录。
血液生化指标的检测：将取得的静脉血于1000r/min下离心10min，分离血清，分别采用酶比色法、酶法、动力学法、邻甲酚酞络合酮法以及钼酸食盐紫外光度法分别对血清中尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素(UREA)、血清钙(Ca)及血清磷(P)等指标的含量进行测定。
统计学分析方法：采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对实验结果进行统计学分析，实验数据采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示，数据分析方法采用方差分析。
各指标的测试结果如下：
1、体重：随着喂食天数的增加，对照组与模型组的体重逐渐增长，并与喂食时间呈正相关。与对照组相比，同一时期模型组鸡的体重显著性低于对照组(P<0.05)，结果如表1所示。
表1各组鸡不同时期体重变化(x±s,n＝11)
注：与对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01。
2、血尿酸指标：随着喂食天数的增加，模型组的血尿酸水平逐渐上升，与对照组相比，第10天时，并未达到高尿酸血症水平，在第15天和第20天时，模型组的血尿酸水平极显著性升高(P<0.01)，并达到高尿酸血症水平，结果如表2所示。
表2各组鸡不同时期血尿酸结果(x±s,n＝11)
注：与对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01。
3、肌酐与尿素指标：喂食天数为第10、15和20天时，与对照组比较，模型组肾功能的指标Cr和UREA具有极显著性差异(P<0.01)，结果如表3所示。
表3各组鸡不同时期肌酐、尿素结果(x±s,n＝11)
注：与对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01。
4、血清钙与血清磷指标：对照组的血钙水平在第10、15和20天时的差异不显著；模型组的血钙水平从第10天后有下降趋势，在第15天时与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)，但到20天时无明显差异(P>0.05)。在第15和20天时，模型组的血磷水平与对照组比较，有显著性差异(P<0.05)，结果如表4所示。
表4各组鸡不同时期血清钙、血清磷结果(x±s,n＝11)
注：与对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01。
5、尿液中结晶的显微形态：在第10天时，对照组与模型组的尿酸晶体较少，第15天和第20天时，模型组的尿酸食盐晶体明显多于对照组，其形状多为钻石型、长块状，少菱形，较厚，呈淡黄色，如图1所示(放大倍数为100倍)，其中，图1A为对照组第15天的尿液中结晶的显微形态，图1B为对照组第20天的尿液中结晶的显微形态；图1C为模型组第15天的尿液中结晶的显微形态，图1D为对照组第20天的尿液中结晶的显微形态。
6、肾病理切片：解剖发现，与对照组比较，模型组颈部淋巴肿大，胆囊异常肿大，其体积约为对照组的5倍，肝脏偏深褐色、体积小，肾脏稍有肿大、色泽灰白。对肾进行病理切片观察，可见对照组肾小球、肾小管、肾间质完好；模型组出现血管痛风性肉芽肿、肾间质淋巴细胞浸润、肾小球内皮细胞肿胀变性等病变，如图2所示(放大倍数为200倍)。
采用与模型组相同的饲料和方法对另外的11羽60天蛋龄前母鸡进行实验，鸡的状态、症状和各指标的测试量均与本实施例中模型组的基本一致，因此，本发明提出的高尿酸血症鸡模型的构建方法得到的动物模型症状十分稳定。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于构建高尿酸血症鸡模型的饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉40～50份、豆粕30～40份、石粉20～30份、膨化玉米30～40份、食盐1～2份、大肠杆菌1～2份、链格孢霉菌2～3份、维生素A0.2～0.3份、磷酸氢钙10～20份、色氨酸0.2～0.4份和精氨酸0.1～0.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉45份、豆粕35份、石粉25份、膨化玉米40份、食盐1份、大肠杆菌2份、链格孢霉菌3份、维生素A0.3份、磷酸氢钙15份、色氨酸0.2份和精氨酸0.1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉40份、豆粕40份、石粉20份、膨化玉米30份、食盐1份、大肠杆菌1份、链格孢霉菌2份、维生素A0.3份、磷酸氢钙12份、色氨酸0.3份和精氨酸0.2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉50份、豆粕30份、石粉30份、膨化玉米40份、食盐2份、大肠杆菌2份、链格孢霉菌2份、维生素A0.2份、磷酸氢钙20份、色氨酸0.2份和精氨酸0.2份。
5.根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的饲料，其特征在于，还包括维生素D0.1～0.2份和柠檬酸1～2份。
6.一种高尿酸血症鸡模型的构建方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：选取鸡作为模型构建对象，备用；
步骤2：给模型构建对象喂食权利要求1～5任一项所述的饲料，喂食20天，喂食的方式采用自由采食。
7.根据权利要求6所述的构建方法，其特征在于，喂食的20天中，每天提供两次喂水，每次喂水20mL。
8.根据权利要求6所述的构建方法，其特征在于，选取的鸡为蛋龄前的鸡。
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