CN110581364B - Polarization tracker for communication in motion - Google Patents
Polarization tracker for communication in motion Download PDFInfo
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- CN110581364B CN110581364B CN201910796841.0A CN201910796841A CN110581364B CN 110581364 B CN110581364 B CN 110581364B CN 201910796841 A CN201910796841 A CN 201910796841A CN 110581364 B CN110581364 B CN 110581364B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
- H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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Abstract
The invention provides a polarization tracker for communication in motion, which comprises a quadrature mode coupler, a polarization selector and a stepping motor, wherein the quadrature mode coupler sequentially comprises an upper waveguide structure block, a middle waveguide structure block and a lower waveguide structure block from top to bottom. The upper waveguide structure block, the middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block are connected to form a first channel and a second channel which are parallel to each other. The center of the bottom surface, which is arranged on the middle waveguide structure block and is close to the tail end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, is provided with a through hole, a cylindrical medium block is arranged in the through hole, the center of the cylindrical medium block is provided with a first probe, the first probe is a cylindrical metal probe, and the input end, which is close to the second rectangular waveguide cavity, is provided with a polarization torsion structure. A medium rotor is arranged in the polarization selector, one end of the medium rotor is provided with a second probe, and the second probe is a Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe. The polarization tracker has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in processing and assembly and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a polarization tracker for communication in motion.
Background
The communication in motion is the short term of a satellite ground station communication system in motion, and specific objects of the communication in motion include moving carriers such as vehicles, ships, planes and the like. The communication in motion can realize real-time tracking of the satellite platform in the motion process of the mobile carrier, and the multimedia information including images, sounds and the like is transmitted without interruption. At present, most Ku and C frequency band satellites adopt a linear polarization mode, and in the process of moving a mobile carrier relative to a synchronous satellite, on one hand, the maximum gain direction of an antenna is required to be always aligned with the satellite, and on the other hand, the linear polarization direction of a mobile communication antenna is required to be dynamically adjusted, so that the matching with the polarization direction of the satellite antenna is ensured.
The main mode of changing the polarization angle of the high-profile circular aperture reflecting surface antenna is to directly rotate a linear polarization feed source. The low-profile flat panel array antenna cannot use the same polarization adjustment method as the reflection surface antenna, and the in-motion flat panel array antenna can only change the polarization direction of the antenna by means of a polarization tracker. Currently, low profile flat panel array antennas are more widely used, and polarization trackers are the key device therein.
Polarization trackers are divided into active and passive two kinds, the principle of active polarization trackers is simple, the tracking time is short, but the active polarization trackers can only be used at the receiving end of an antenna due to low power capacity. The passive polarization tracker can be used for a receiving end and a transmitting end, and has gradually replaced an active linear polarization tracker due to the characteristics of low loss, high power capacity, testability and the like.
The standing wave of the existing passive polarization tracker is usually smaller than 1.25, the two output arms are required to be parallel and have consistent phase, and the isolation of the two arms is below-36 dB. Although the passive polarization tracker can meet the use requirements of most communication-in-motion systems, the passive polarization tracker still has the defects of complex structure and difficult processing of part of key parts.
For example, chinese patent No. CN 105098360A discloses a novel polarization tracker comprising a quadrature mode coupler, a signal input or output port, a rotating rotor, a dielectric screw sleeve and a motor. The novel polarization tracker has the following problems and disadvantages: 1. the communication between the upper and lower straight arm waveguides of the orthogonal mode coupler is required to depend on the combined action of a plurality of waveguide matching blocks and coupling pins penetrating through the two side walls of the waveguide cavity, so that the structure is complex and the isolation of the two arms is not facilitated; 2. the U-shaped probe is required to be formed after three times of bending, and the bent probe is required to meet high processing precision, so that the cost and the manufacturing difficulty of the die are increased, and the qualification rate of the probe is affected.
For example, chinese patent No. CN 106450759A discloses a compact linear polarization tracker comprising an equiphase quadrature mode coupler, a stepper motor drive assembly, a rotating quadrature mode coupler, an L-shaped waveguide rotary joint. The polarization tracker has the following problems and disadvantages: 1. the polarization tracker is provided with a plurality of gears and bearing structures, has a plurality of parts and complex structure, is complex in assembly process and has high cost; 2. the output double arms of the polarization tracker are different in directions; 3. the stepping motor drives the L-shaped waveguide rotary joint to drive the rotary orthogonal mode coupler to rotate, so that seamless tracking of linear polarization signals is realized, parts which move relatively during working are more, abrasion among all parts is easy to cause after the polarization tracker works for a long time, and the conduction and tracking effects of electromagnetic signals are affected.
In view of this, there is a need for an improvement in the polarization tracker of the prior art to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polarization tracker for communication in motion, which is mainly applied to a communication in motion antenna for Ku frequency band satellite communication. In the aspect of electrical performance, the standing wave ratio, the phase consistency, the isolation and other performances are good; in the aspect of structure, the polarization tracker has simple structure and easy processing, and electromagnetic signals in the inner cavities of the two rectangular waveguides are output in parallel and in the same direction. Meanwhile, the polarization tracker can be applied to satellite communication antennas in other frequency bands through equal scaling.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a polarization tracker for communication in motion comprises a quadrature mode coupler, wherein the quadrature mode coupler comprises an upper waveguide structure block, a middle waveguide structure block and a lower waveguide structure block from top to bottom in sequence. The upper waveguide structure block, the middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block are connected through bolts to form a whole, so that the structure of the orthogonal mode coupler is simple. The upper waveguide structure block and the middle waveguide structure block are connected to form a first channel with one end open, and a first rectangular waveguide cavity is arranged in the first channel. The middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block are connected to form a second channel with two open ends, a second rectangular waveguide cavity and a first rectangular waveguide cavity are arranged in the second channel, the second rectangular waveguide cavity is communicated with the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the first rectangular waveguide cavity is positioned at the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity. The front end port of the first channel and the front end port of the second channel have the same cross-sectional size, the first channel is parallel to the second channel, and the second rectangular waveguide cavity is positioned right below the first rectangular waveguide cavity. The first channel is parallel to the second channel, so that electromagnetic wave signals entering the first rectangular waveguide cavity through the first channel and electromagnetic wave signals entering the second rectangular waveguide cavity through the second channel can be kept parallel.
In order to facilitate communication between the first channel and the second channel, electromagnetic wave signals in the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide are coupled and conveyed into the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide, a through hole is formed in the middle waveguide structure block and close to the center of the bottom surface of the tail end of the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide, a cylindrical medium block is arranged in the through hole and perpendicular to the first channel and the second channel, a first probe is arranged in the center of the cylindrical medium block, and the first probe is a cylindrical metal probe. Electromagnetic wave signals entering the first rectangular waveguide cavity are coupled and conveyed to the input end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity through the cylindrical medium block and the cylindrical metal probe.
And the input end close to the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide is provided with a polarization torsion structure, and the polarization torsion structure comprises a first polarization torsion structure positioned on the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block and a second polarization torsion structure positioned on the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block. The first polarization torsion structure comprises a first polarization torsion groove and a first polarization torsion bulge which are arranged in parallel, the second polarization torsion structure comprises a second polarization torsion groove and a second polarization torsion bulge which are arranged in parallel, and the first polarization torsion structure and the second polarization torsion structure are rotationally symmetrical at 180 degrees along the central line of the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block. The polarization torsion structure is used for polarization-rotating the electromagnetic wave signal input into the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide by 90 degrees and inputting the electromagnetic wave signal into the input end of the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide.
In order to mix electromagnetic wave signals input into the first rectangular waveguide cavity and the second rectangular waveguide cavity of the first rectangular waveguide cavity and output the mixed electromagnetic wave signals, the polarization tracker further comprises a polarization selector, and the polarization selector comprises a square-round transition and a T-shaped base. The square-round transition is internally provided with 1 input channel, the input channel is connected with the output end of the first square waveguide cavity, the T-shaped base is internally provided with an output channel, and the input channel and the first square waveguide cavity are vertical to the output channel.
A medium rotor is further arranged in the polarization selector, one end of the medium rotor is provided with a second probe, and the second probe is a Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe. The other end of the second probe is positioned in the circular waveguide cavity of the input channel, and the center lines of the medium rotor and the second probe are coincident with the center line of the circular waveguide cavity. The other end of the medium rotor is connected with a stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the medium rotor to rotate so that the second probe rotates 360 degrees. The medium rotor and the second probe rotate, when the coupled energy is maximum, the state matched with the satellite antenna is corresponding, and on the basis, the polarization tracking function of the receiving end can be completed through a matched servo feedback system.
The first rectangular waveguide cavity comprises a first rectangular waveguide groove and a second rectangular waveguide groove, the first rectangular waveguide groove is arranged on the lower end face of the upper waveguide structure block, and the second rectangular waveguide groove is arranged on the upper end face of the middle waveguide structure block.
The second rectangular waveguide cavity comprises a third rectangular waveguide groove, a first polarization torsion structure, a fourth rectangular waveguide groove and a second polarization torsion structure, and the third rectangular waveguide groove and the fourth rectangular waveguide groove are in mirror symmetry along the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block.
The square waveguide cavity comprises a fifth rectangular waveguide groove and a sixth rectangular waveguide groove, and the heights of the fifth rectangular waveguide groove and the sixth rectangular waveguide groove are half of the widths. The fifth rectangular waveguide groove is arranged on the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block, the sixth rectangular waveguide groove is arranged on the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block, and the fifth rectangular waveguide groove and the sixth rectangular waveguide groove are in mirror symmetry along the connecting face of the middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block.
Further, rectangular matching steps are further arranged in the first rectangular waveguide inner cavity and the second rectangular waveguide inner cavity, and the rectangular matching steps in the first rectangular waveguide inner cavity are used for raising the height of the waveguide under the condition that transmission matching is not affected so as to avoid a first polarization torsion groove in the middle waveguide structure block, and the upper and lower channels are prevented from being perforated during processing. A rectangular matching step is arranged in the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide, so that the transition from the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide to the size required by the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide is facilitated.
The rectangular matching step in the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide comprises a first rectangular matching step positioned on the lower end face of the upper waveguide structure block and a second rectangular matching step positioned on the upper end face of the middle waveguide structure block. The lowest step surface of the first rectangular matching step and the lowest step surface of the second rectangular matching step are positioned at the front end of the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide, and the highest step surface of the first rectangular matching step is connected with the groove of the first rectangular waveguide and positioned in the same horizontal plane. The highest step surface of the second rectangular matching step is connected with the second rectangular waveguide groove and is positioned in the same horizontal plane, and the first rectangular matching step and the second rectangular matching step are in mirror symmetry along the center line of the input end of the first channel.
The rectangular matching step position in the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide comprises a third rectangular matching step positioned on the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block and a fourth rectangular matching step positioned on the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block. The lowest step surface of the third rectangular matching step is coplanar with the first polarization torsion groove, and the highest step surface of the third rectangular matching step is connected with the fifth rectangular waveguide groove and is positioned in the same horizontal plane. The lowest step surface of the fourth rectangular matching step is coplanar with the second polarized torsion groove, and the highest step surface of the fourth rectangular matching step is connected with the sixth rectangular waveguide groove and is positioned in the same horizontal plane. The third rectangular matching step and the fourth rectangular matching step are in mirror symmetry along the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block.
Preferably, as the number of step levels of the rectangular matching step increases, the impedance transformation is slow, and the matching bandwidth is wider. However, too many stages significantly increase the length of the quadrature mode coupler, so the rectangular matching step is set as a three-stage step.
Further, the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide inner cavity is further provided with a transition matching step, and the transition matching step comprises a first transition matching step positioned on the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block and a second transition matching step positioned on the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block. The first transition matching step and the second transition matching step are in mirror symmetry along the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block and the lower waveguide structure block. The arrangement of the transition matching steps can gradually transition the distance between the two side walls to the size required by the inner cavity of the square waveguide, and the impedance of the frequency band is enabled to realize transition matching through reasonable design, so that reflection is reduced.
The transition matching step and the second transition matching step are positioned on two side walls of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, the lowest step surfaces of the transition matching step and the second transition matching step are coplanar with the side walls of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the highest step surfaces of the transition matching step and the second transition matching step are coplanar with the side walls of the second rectangular waveguide cavity.
As a further improvement of the invention, in order to facilitate the proper adjustment of the connection impedance between the first channel and the second channel, a first adjusting screw is arranged on the middle waveguide structure block and positioned at the center of the tail end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the first adjusting screw is parallel to the first rectangular waveguide cavity. And a second adjusting screw is arranged on the lower waveguide structure block and positioned at the bottom surface of the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, and the second adjusting screw is vertical to the second rectangular waveguide cavity. The arrangement of the first adjusting screw and the second adjusting screw can reduce the precision and cost required by the processing of the orthogonal mode coupler.
After the cylindrical metal probe is inserted, the distance between the cylindrical metal probe and the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide needs to be strictly controlled, the electromagnetic matching is greatly affected, and in order to avoid repeated debugging of the insertion depth of the cylindrical metal probe, the cylindrical metal probe is designed to be of a structure with a large upper part and a small lower part. That is, the cylindrical metal probe comprises a first metal cylinder and a second metal cylinder which are coaxially arranged, the diameter of the first metal cylinder is larger than that of the second metal cylinder, the first metal cylinder is positioned in the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide, the second metal cylinder is positioned in the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide, and when the cylindrical metal probe is installed, the common plane of the first metal cylinder and the second metal cylinder is coplanar with the bottom of the groove of the second rectangular waveguide.
The second probe is a Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe, and the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe comprises a first straight line section, a second straight line section and a third straight line section which are sequentially connected. The diameters of the first straight line segment, the second straight line segment and the third straight line segment are the same and are positioned in the same horizontal plane. The included angle between the first straight line section and the second straight line section is an obtuse angle, and the included angle between the second straight line section and the third straight line section is an acute angle. The Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe is arranged, so that bending times of probe processing can be reduced, the difficulty of probe processing is reduced, and the qualification rate of the probe is improved.
Furthermore, rounded transitions are arranged between the first straight line section and the second straight line section and between the second straight line section and the third straight line section.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the first channel and the second channel of the orthogonal mode coupler are communicated only by the cylindrical dielectric block and the cylindrical metal probe, and the orthogonal mode coupler is simple in structure and convenient to process and assemble. On the basis, the electromagnetic wave signal input ports of the first channel and the second channel are parallel and in the same direction, so that the first channel and the second channel are convenient to directly connect with the duplexer, and the distance between the electromagnetic wave signal input ports of the first channel and the second channel is short, so that the overall layout of the orthogonal mode coupler is more compact.
2. The first adjusting screw and the second adjusting screw are arranged, so that the connection impedance between the first channel and the second channel can be properly adjusted, mismatching caused by machining errors is corrected, and the precision and cost required by machining are reduced.
3. The performance of the polarization tracker such as bandwidth, insertion loss and the like is not lower than that of products in the background of the prior art, and the performance such as standing-wave ratio and port isolation is superior to that of the prior art.
4. The medium rotor can rotate 360 degrees in the T-shaped base, and is directly connected with the stepping motor through the key slot, so that any gear transmission structure is not needed, the transmission precision is high, the cost is low, and the seamless tracking of the satellite polarization direction can be realized.
5. According to the invention, the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe is adopted for the second probe to replace the traditional U-shaped probe, the bending times of the second probe are changed from 3 times to 2 times, the processing difficulty of the second probe is reduced, and the qualification rate of the probe is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarization tracker according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the quadrature mode coupler of the polarization tracker of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the lower end face of the upper waveguide block of the quadrature mode coupler of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an upper end surface of a middle waveguide block of the quadrature mode coupler of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the lower end of a middle waveguide block of the quadrature mode coupler of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an upper end face of a lower waveguide block of an orthomode coupler according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the position of a second set screw in an orthomode coupler according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical dielectric block and a first probe of an orthomode coupler according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a polarization selector of the polarization tracker of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polarization selector of the polarization tracker of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a polarization selector according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a T-base of a polarization selector of the present invention on a side of the polarization selector adjacent to a stepper motor;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a T-shaped base of a polarization selector of the present invention on a side near the transition of a square circle;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the dielectric rotor of the polarization selector of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a second probe of the polarization selector of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a stepper motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a simulation result of standing-wave ratio of the public port when the angle between the second probe and the broad surface of the first channel is 180 degrees in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a simulation result of standing-wave ratio of the public port when the angle between the second probe and the broad surface of the first channel is 90 degrees in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a simulation result of the standing-wave ratio of the public port when the angle between the second probe and the broad surface of the first channel in the embodiment 1 is 45 degrees;
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the insertion loss of the first channel and the isolation of the first channel from the second channel in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the second channel insertion loss and the isolation of the second channel from the first channel in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 22 shows the phase difference between the first channel and the second channel in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the invention, and functional, method, or structural equivalents and alternatives according to the embodiments are within the scope of protection of the invention by those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a polarization tracker for in-motion communication, which includes a quadrature mode coupler 1, a polarization selector 2, and a stepping motor 3.
The quadrature mode coupler 1 includes an upper waveguide block 11, a middle waveguide block 12, and a lower waveguide block 13 in this order from top to bottom as shown in fig. 2. The upper waveguide structure block 11, the middle waveguide structure block 12 and the lower waveguide structure block 13 are connected through bolts to form a whole, so that a three-port network is formed. The upper waveguide structure block 11 and the middle waveguide structure block 12 are connected to form a first channel with an opening at one end, the first channel is provided with an electromagnetic wave signal input port A, and a first rectangular waveguide inner cavity is arranged in the first channel. The middle waveguide structure block 12 and the lower waveguide structure block 13 are connected to form a second channel with two open ends, a second rectangular waveguide cavity and a first square waveguide cavity are arranged in the second channel, the second rectangular waveguide cavity is communicated with the first square waveguide cavity, the first square waveguide cavity is positioned at the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, the front end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity is provided with an electromagnetic wave signal input port B, and the tail end of the first square waveguide cavity is provided with an electromagnetic wave signal first output port C. The first channel is parallel to the second channel, and the second rectangular waveguide cavity is located directly below the first rectangular waveguide cavity. The cross-sectional dimensions of the front end port of the first channel and the front end port of the second channel are the same (i.e., the cross-sectional dimensions of the electromagnetic wave signal input port a and the electromagnetic wave signal input port B are the same). The first channel is parallel to the second channel, so that an electromagnetic wave signal a1 entering the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide through the first channel and an electromagnetic wave signal b1 entering the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide through the second channel can be kept parallel.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first rectangular waveguide cavity includes a first rectangular waveguide groove 112 and a second rectangular waveguide groove 1202, the first rectangular waveguide groove 112 is disposed on the lower end face of the upper waveguide structure block 11, and the second rectangular waveguide groove 1202 is disposed on the upper end face of the middle waveguide structure block 12.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the second rectangular waveguide cavity includes a third rectangular waveguide groove 1206, a first polarization torsion structure, a fourth rectangular waveguide groove 131, and a second polarization torsion structure. The third rectangular waveguide groove 1206 and the fourth rectangular waveguide groove 131 are mirror-symmetrical along the connection surface of the middle waveguide block 12 and the lower waveguide block 13.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the square waveguide cavity includes a fifth rectangular waveguide groove 1211 and a sixth rectangular waveguide groove 137, and the heights of the fifth rectangular waveguide groove 1211 and the sixth rectangular waveguide groove 137 are half of the widths. The fifth rectangular waveguide groove 1211 is provided on the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block 12, the sixth rectangular waveguide groove 137 is provided on the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block 13, and the fifth rectangular waveguide groove 1211 and the sixth rectangular waveguide groove 137 are mirror-symmetrical along the connection face of the middle waveguide structure block 12 and the lower waveguide structure block 13.
And rectangular matching steps are also arranged in the inner cavities of the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rectangular matching step in the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide includes a first rectangular matching step 111 located at the lower end face of the upper waveguide structure block 11, and a second rectangular matching step 1201 located at the upper end face of the middle waveguide structure block 12. The lowest step surface of the first rectangular matching step 111 and the second rectangular matching step 1201 is located at the front end of the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide, and the highest step surface of the first rectangular matching step 111 is connected with the first rectangular waveguide groove 112 and located in the same horizontal plane. The highest step surface of the second rectangular matching step 1201 is connected with the second rectangular waveguide groove 1202 and is located in the same horizontal plane, and the first rectangular matching step 111 is the same as the second rectangular matching step 1201.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the rectangular matching step position in the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide includes a third rectangular matching step 1209 located at the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block 12, and a fourth rectangular matching step 134 located at the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block 13. The lowest step face of the third rectangular matching step 1209 is coplanar with the first polarization twist groove 1207, and the highest step face of the third rectangular matching step 1209 is connected with the fifth rectangular waveguide groove 1211 and is located in the same horizontal plane. The lowest step face of the fourth rectangular matching step 134 is coplanar with the second polarized twist groove 132, and the highest step face of the fourth rectangular matching step 134 is connected with the sixth rectangular waveguide groove 137 and is located in the same horizontal plane. The third rectangular matching step 1209 and the fourth rectangular matching step 134 are mirror-symmetrical along the connection surface of the middle waveguide structure block 12 and the lower waveguide structure block 13.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity is further provided with a transition matching step, which includes a first transition matching step 1210 located on the lower end surface of the middle waveguide structure block 12, and a second transition matching step 135 located on the upper end surface of the lower waveguide structure block 13. The first transition matching step 1210 and the second transition matching step 135 are mirror-symmetrical along the connection surface of the middle waveguide block 12 and the lower waveguide block 13. The transition matching step 1210 and the second transition matching step 135 are located on two sidewalls of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, and the lowest step surfaces of the transition matching step 1210 and the second transition matching step 135 are coplanar with the sidewalls of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the highest step surfaces of the transition matching step 1210 and the second transition matching step 135 are coplanar with the sidewalls of the second rectangular waveguide cavity.
The rectangular matching steps and the transition matching steps are preferably three-stage steps, and the width and the height of each stage of the rectangular matching steps can be the same or different.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to facilitate appropriate adjustment of the connection impedance between the first channel and the second channel, a first adjusting screw 1203 is provided on the middle waveguide block 12 and located at the center of the end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the first adjusting screw 1203 is parallel to the first rectangular waveguide cavity. As shown in fig. 7, a second adjusting screw 136 is arranged on the lower waveguide structure block 13 and positioned at the bottom surface of the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, and the second adjusting screw 136 is perpendicular to the second rectangular waveguide cavity. The provision of the first adjusting screw 1203 and the second adjusting screw 136 can reduce the accuracy and cost required for processing the quadrature mode coupler 1.
In order to facilitate the communication between the first channel and the second channel, the electromagnetic wave signal a1 entering the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide through the electromagnetic wave signal input port A is coupled and conveyed into the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide. As shown in fig. 8, a through hole is formed in the bottom surface of the middle waveguide structure block 12 and close to the end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, a cylindrical dielectric block 1205 is disposed in the through hole, the cylindrical dielectric block 1205 is perpendicular to the first channel and the second channel, a first probe is disposed in the center of the cylindrical dielectric block 1205, and the first probe is a cylindrical metal probe 1204. Electromagnetic wave signals entering the first rectangular waveguide cavity are coupled and conveyed to the input end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity through the cylindrical dielectric block 1205 and the cylindrical metal probe 1204. The cylindrical metal probe 1204 is preferably a first metal cylinder and a second metal cylinder coaxially arranged, the diameter of the first metal cylinder is larger than that of the second metal cylinder, the first metal cylinder is positioned in the first rectangular waveguide cavity, the second metal cylinder is positioned in the second rectangular waveguide cavity, and the connection transition surface of the first metal cylinder and the second metal cylinder is tightly attached to the cylindrical dielectric block 1205. In this embodiment, the distance between the first metal cylinder and the end of the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide is 0.25 λg, the center line of the second adjusting screw 136 is located in the symmetry plane of the second transition matching step 135 and perpendicular to the bottom surface, and the distance between the center line of the second adjusting screw 136 and the center line of the cylindrical metal probe 1204 is about 0.25 λg.
In order to facilitate the electromagnetic wave signal B1 entering the second rectangular waveguide cavity through the electromagnetic wave signal input port B to enter the first rectangular waveguide cavity after being twisted by 90 degrees. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a polarization torsion structure is disposed near the input end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, the polarization torsion structure includes a first polarization torsion structure located at the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block 12, and a second polarization torsion structure located at the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block 13, the first polarization torsion structure includes a first polarization torsion groove 1207 and a first polarization torsion protrusion 1208 that are disposed in parallel, the second polarization torsion structure includes a second polarization torsion groove 132 and a second polarization torsion protrusion 133 that are disposed in parallel, and the first polarization torsion structure and the second polarization torsion structure are rotationally symmetrical along the center line 180 ° of the connecting face of the middle waveguide structure block 12 and the lower waveguide structure block 13. The polarization torsion structure is used for polarization-rotating the electromagnetic wave signal input into the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide by 90 degrees and inputting the electromagnetic wave signal into the input end of the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide. In this embodiment, the widths of the first polarization twist groove 1207 and the second polarization twist groove 132 are slightly wider than the widths of the first polarization twist protrusion 1208 and the second polarization twist protrusion 133, (i.e., the widths of the first polarization twist groove 1207 and the second polarization twist groove 132 are the same and are each greater than 1/2 of the width of the cavity of the second rectangular waveguide, and the widths of the first polarization twist protrusion 1208 and the second polarization twist protrusion 133 are the same and are each less than 1/2 of the width of the cavity of the second rectangular waveguide), and the lengths of the second polarization twist groove 132, the second polarization twist protrusion 133, the first polarization twist groove 1207, and the first polarization twist protrusion 1208 (i.e., the length direction of the cavity of the second rectangular waveguide) are all the same.
Wherein, the electromagnetic wave signal a and the electromagnetic wave signal b entering the first square waveguide cavity are orthogonal to each other in the first square waveguide cavity, and are output into the polarization selector 2 through the electromagnetic wave signal first output port C.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the polarization selector 2 includes a square-round transition 21, a second probe, a dielectric rotor 23, a matching piston 24, and a T-shaped base 25, and the polarization selector 2 is a 2-port network, and includes 1 input channel and 1 output channel, the input channel has an electromagnetic wave input port D, the electromagnetic wave input port D is identical in size and coincides with the electromagnetic wave signal first output port C, and the output channel has an electromagnetic wave signal second output port E. The input channel is connected with the output end of the first square waveguide cavity, and the input channel and the first square waveguide cavity are perpendicular to the output channel.
As shown in fig. 11, the square-round transition 21 is processed with: the interface slot 211, the square waveguide 212 and the circular waveguide 213 are arranged in the square waveguide 212, a second square waveguide cavity is arranged in the circular waveguide 213, and the central lines of the interface slot 211, the square waveguide 212 and the circular waveguide 213 are coincident. A circle of protrusions are arranged at the first electromagnetic wave signal output port C of the orthogonal mode coupler 1, and the first electromagnetic wave signal output port C of the orthogonal mode coupler 1 is inserted into the interface slot 211 to realize connection of the orthogonal mode coupler 1 and the polarization selector 2. The inner side length of the square waveguide 212 is longer than the inner side length of the electromagnetic wave signal first output port C, and the diameter of the circular waveguide 213 is longer than the inner side length of the square waveguide 212. Meanwhile, in order to facilitate smooth transition from the square waveguide 212 to the circular waveguide 213, rounded corners are provided at the inner peripheral top corners of the square waveguide 212.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the T-shaped base 25 includes a vertical cubic metal block 251 and a horizontal flange 252, and a central line of the smallest surface of the cubic metal block 251 coincides with a central symmetry line of the flange 252. The center of the T-shaped base 25 is provided with a coaxial annular bulge 253, a first through hole 254, a cylindrical bulge 256 and a second through hole 257, the T-shaped base 25 is also provided with a rectangular waveguide cavity 255 perpendicular to the axes of the annular bulge 253, the first through hole 254, the cylindrical bulge 256 and the second through hole 257, the rectangular waveguide cavity 255 coincides with and penetrates through the center lines of the cube metal block 251 and the flange plate 252, the rectangular waveguide cavity 255 at one end of the flange plate 252 is provided with an electromagnetic wave signal second output port E, and the rectangular waveguide cavity 255 at one end far away from the flange plate 252 is provided with a matching piston 24. The matching piston 24 has a cubic shape, and the largest surface thereof has the same size as the rectangular waveguide cavity 255 of the T-shaped base 25, and the matching piston 24 is inserted into the rectangular waveguide cavity 255 at an end remote from the flange 252 and is movable up and down.
The first via 254 and the second via 257 are internally and penetratingly provided with a dielectric rotor 23, as shown in fig. 14, the dielectric rotor 23 comprises a second cylinder 232, a key slot 234 is machined in the center of one end of the second cylinder 232, and two cutting surfaces of the key slot 234 are symmetrical along the central axis of a concentric circle; the other end of the second cylinder 232 is provided with a coaxial first cylinder 231, the diameter of the first cylinder 231 is smaller than that of the second cylinder 232, a blind hole 233 is milled in the center of the first cylinder 231, and the depth of the blind hole 233 is about 0.25 lambdag. Specifically, the diameter of the first via 254 is equal to the diameter of the first cylinder 231 of the media rotor 23, and the diameter of the second via 257 is equal to the diameter of the second cylinder 232 of the media rotor 23.
One end of the medium rotor 23 is provided with a second probe, namely, the blind hole 233 is internally inserted with the second probe, the other end of the second probe is positioned in the circular waveguide cavity of the input channel, and the center lines of the medium rotor 23 and the second probe are coincident with the center line of the circular waveguide cavity. As shown in fig. 15, the second probe is a Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22, and the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22 includes a first straight line segment 221, a second straight line segment 222, and a third straight line segment 223, which are sequentially connected. The first straight line segment 221, the second straight line segment 222 and the third straight line segment 223 have the same diameter and are positioned in the same horizontal plane. The included angle between the first straight line segment 221 and the second straight line segment 222 is an obtuse angle, and the included angle between the second straight line segment 222 and the third straight line segment 223 is an acute angle. The Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22 can reduce the bending times of the second probe processing, reduce the difficulty of the second probe processing and improve the qualification rate of the second probe. Preferably, rounded transitions are provided between the first straight line segment 221 and the second straight line segment 222, and between the second straight line segment 222 and the third straight line segment 223.
The other end of the medium rotor 23 is connected with a stepping motor 3, as shown in fig. 16, the stepping motor 3 comprises a rotating shaft 31 and a motor body 32, one end of the rotating shaft 31 is inserted into the motor body 32, the other end is processed into a flat key shape and is inserted into a key slot 234 of the medium rotor 23, and the size of the flat key at the end of the rotating shaft 31 is consistent with the size of a key slot 211 of the medium rotor 23. The stepper motor 3 drives the dielectric rotor 23 to rotate, so that the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22 rotates 360 degrees.
In the present invention, except for the cylindrical dielectric block 1205 and the dielectric rotor 23, all the other parts are made of metal conductive materials.
The working frequency of the polarization tracker is as follows: the polarization tracker is suitable for other frequency bands in an equal scaling mode from 12.25GHz to 12.75 GHz.
The working principle of the polarization tracker of the invention is as follows:
when the polarization tracker works in a receiving state, an electromagnetic wave signal input port A and an electromagnetic wave signal input port B become input ports, an electromagnetic wave signal second output port E becomes output ports, the electromagnetic wave signal input port A and the electromagnetic wave signal input port B respectively receive two orthogonal polarization components (a component and B component) on an antenna, and the electromagnetic wave signal input port A couples electromagnetic waves of the a component to an inlet end of an inner cavity of a first square waveguide through the combined action of a cylindrical dielectric block 1205 and a cylindrical metal probe 1204 and forms an electromagnetic wave a1 with an electric field direction parallel to the electromagnetic wave signal second output port E;
the electromagnetic wave of the B component input through the electromagnetic wave signal input port B is rotated by 90 ° by the combined action of the first polarization torsion groove 1207 and the second polarization torsion groove 132 and the first polarization torsion protrusion 1208 and the second polarization torsion protrusion 133 to be directly input into the inlet end of the inner cavity of the first square waveguide and form an electromagnetic wave B1 with the electric field direction perpendicular to the electromagnetic wave signal second output port E. a1 and b1 are orthogonal to each other and exist simultaneously in the first rectangular waveguide cavity formed by the fifth rectangular waveguide groove 1211 and the sixth rectangular waveguide groove 137 together. Then, the a1 and the b1 are converted into the electromagnetic wave c1 in the circular waveguide 213 through the square-round transition 21, and the proportion of the a1 and the b1 is correspondingly changed according to the polarization direction of the received wave, so that the polarization direction of the c1 in the circular waveguide section is changed, and on the basis that only the electromagnetic wave with the electric field direction parallel to the symmetrical section of the Z-shaped probe can be received by the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22 and coupled into the electromagnetic wave signal second output port E, the rotating shaft 31 of the stepping motor 3 drives the medium rotor 23 and the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22 to jointly rotate for 360 degrees to obtain the rotation angle with the maximum energy, the state matched with the satellite antenna is corresponding, and the polarization tracking function of the receiving end can be completed through a matched servo feedback system.
The linear polarization tracking of the transmitting frequency band is reciprocal to the linear polarization tracking of the receiving frequency band, and according to the orthogonality requirement of the receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves, if the receiving end polarization tracker is in a polarization matching state at a certain moment, the direction of the corresponding transmitting antenna Z-shaped probe is vertical to the direction of the receiving end Z-shaped probe at the moment.
Now, taking a polarization tracker used in Ku receiving frequency band as an example, the electromagnetic wave signal input port a and the electromagnetic wave signal input port B of the orthogonal mode coupler 1 are both 19.5mm×9.525mm in size, the distance between the center points of the two is 14.525mm, and the size of the electromagnetic wave signal first output port C is 14.1mm×14.1mm.
In the first channel, the first rectangular matching step 111 and the second rectangular matching step 1201 are the same in size, the three-stage steps are 11.3mm×0.7mm, 9mm×0.9mm and 9×0.9mm in length and height from low to high, the depth of the first rectangular waveguide groove 112 is 2.5mm, the distance from the electromagnetic wave signal input port A to the tail end of the first channel is 64.3mm, and the radius of a machined fillet in the first channel is 3mm.
In the second channel, the distance from the electromagnetic wave signal input port B to the edges of the first polarization twist groove 1207 and the first polarization twist protrusion 1208 is 17.8mm, the widths of the first polarization twist groove 1207 and the first polarization twist protrusion 1208 are 10.9mm and 6.6mm, respectively, and the lengths thereof are 6mm. The third rectangular matching step 1209 has three steps of length and height dimensions from low to high of 6mm×0.81mm, 4.4mm×0.5mm, and 7.5mm×0.4mm, respectively, and the first transition matching step 1210 has three steps of length and height dimensions from high to low of 10.84×0.76mm, 11.28mm×1.19mm, and 24mm×0.35mm, respectively. The radius of the machined fillet in the second channel is 2mm. The common centerline of the cylindrical dielectric block 1205 and the cylindrical metal probe 1204 is 60.04mm from port a.
The first adjusting screw 1203 and the second adjusting screw 136 are respectively in the specification of M1.6X8 in GB/T73-85, the central symmetry line of the first adjusting screw 1203 is 4.4mm away from the bottom surface of the third rectangular waveguide groove 1206, and the distance between the central symmetry line of the second adjusting screw 136 and the central symmetry line of the cylindrical metal probe 1204 is 5.88mm.
The interface slot 211 of the polarization selector 2 has dimensions 17.1mm x 1.5mm, the square waveguide 212 has dimensions 15.5mm x 7.5mm, the radius of the four rounded corners is 3mm, and the circular waveguide 213 has dimensions phi 17.5mm x 17.2mm. The angle between the first straight line segment 221 and the second straight line segment 222 in the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22 is 105 °, and the angle between the second straight line segment 222 and the third straight line segment 223 is 60 °.
The first cylinder 231 of the media rotor 23 has a dimension phi 3.5mm x 2mm, the second cylinder 232 has a dimension phi 5mm x 12mm, the blind holes 233 have a dimension phi 1mm x 6.04mm, and the keyways 234 have a width and depth of 1.5mm x 2mm, respectively.
In the T-shaped base 25, the dimensions of the cubic metal block 251 are 31mm×31mm× 13.525mm, the dimensions of the flange 252 are 38mm×33mm×5mm, the dimensions of the first via 254 are phi 3.5mm, the dimensions of the second via 257 are phi 5mm, the dimensions of the cylindrical bump 256 are phi 22mm×1.5mm, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the rectangular waveguide cavity 255 are 19.5mm×9.525mm. The dimensions of the mating piston 24 are 19.5mm x 9.525mm x 10mm.
The polarization tracker can be designed to fit in the Ku transmit band, i.e., 14-14.5 GHz. Simulation calculation is carried out by adopting HFSS according to the design size, and in the working bandwidth of 12.25 GHz-12.75 GHz, when the angle between the second probe (namely, the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe 22) and the wide surface of the first channel is 180 DEG, 90 DEG and 45 DEG, the simulation result of the public port standing wave ratio is shown in figures 17-19; the first channel insertion loss and the isolation of the first channel to the second channel are shown in fig. 20; the second channel insertion loss and the isolation of the second channel from the first channel are shown in fig. 21. The phase difference between the first channel and the second channel is shown in fig. 22, and the phase difference calculation result between the first channel and the second channel is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Note that: the 12.75GHz phase difference is directly subtracted to-359.55 deg., the phase is 360 deg. as one period, so the final equivalent is-359.55 deg. +360 deg. =0.45 deg..
The standing wave ratio of the polarization tracker of the embodiment is less than 1.15, the insertion loss is less than 0.8dB, the isolation is less than-50 dB, and the phase difference is less than 1.8 degrees.
The parts not described in detail in the present invention are common knowledge to the person skilled in the art.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A polarization tracker for communication in motion comprising a quadrature mode coupler (1), characterized in that: the orthogonal mode coupler (1) sequentially comprises an upper waveguide structure block (11), a middle waveguide structure block (12) and a lower waveguide structure block (13) from top to bottom; the upper waveguide structure block (11) is connected with the middle waveguide structure block (12) to form a first channel with one end open, and a first rectangular waveguide inner cavity is arranged in the first channel; the middle waveguide structure block (12) is connected with the lower waveguide structure block (13) to form a second channel with two open ends, a second rectangular waveguide cavity and a first rectangular waveguide cavity are arranged in the second channel, the second rectangular waveguide cavity is communicated with the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the first rectangular waveguide cavity is positioned at the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide cavity; the front end port of the first channel and the front end port of the second channel have the same cross-sectional size, the first channel is parallel to the second channel, and the second rectangular waveguide cavity is positioned right below the first rectangular waveguide cavity;
A through hole is formed in the middle waveguide structure block (12) and close to the center of the bottom surface of the tail end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, a cylindrical medium block (1205) is arranged in the through hole, the cylindrical medium block (1205) is perpendicular to the first channel and the second channel, a first probe is arranged in the center of the cylindrical medium block (1205), and the first probe is a cylindrical metal probe (1204); electromagnetic wave signals entering the first rectangular waveguide cavity are coupled and transmitted to the input end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity through the cylindrical dielectric block (1205) and the cylindrical metal probe (1204);
a polarization torsion structure is arranged at the input end close to the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide, and comprises a first polarization torsion structure positioned at the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and a second polarization torsion structure positioned at the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block (13); the first polarization torsion structure comprises a first polarization torsion groove (1207) and a first polarization torsion bulge (1208) which are arranged in parallel, the second polarization torsion structure comprises a second polarization torsion groove (132) and a second polarization torsion bulge (133) which are arranged in parallel, and the first polarization torsion structure and the second polarization torsion structure are rotationally symmetrical along the central line of the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and the lower waveguide structure block (13) by 180 degrees; the polarization torsion structure is used for rotating the polarization of the electromagnetic wave input into the second rectangular waveguide cavity by 90 degrees and inputting the electromagnetic wave into the input end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity;
The polarization selector (2) comprises a square-round transition (21) and a T-shaped base (25), 1 input channel is arranged in the square-round transition (21), the input channel is connected with the output end of the first square waveguide cavity, an output channel is arranged in the T-shaped base (25), and the input channel and the first square waveguide cavity are perpendicular to the output channel;
a medium rotor (23) is further arranged in the polarization selector (2), one end of the medium rotor (23) is provided with a second probe, and the second probe is a Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe (22);
the other end of the second probe is positioned in a circular waveguide cavity of the input channel, and the center lines of the medium rotor (23) and the second probe are coincident with the center line of the circular waveguide cavity; the other end of the medium rotor (23) is connected with a stepping motor (3), and the stepping motor (3) drives the medium rotor (23) to rotate so that the second probe rotates by 360 degrees.
2. A polarization tracker for use in communication-in-motion according to claim 1, wherein: the first rectangular waveguide cavity comprises a first rectangular waveguide groove (112) and a second rectangular waveguide groove (1202), the first rectangular waveguide groove (112) is arranged on the lower end face of the upper waveguide structure block (11), and the second rectangular waveguide groove (1202) is arranged on the upper end face of the middle waveguide structure block (12);
The second rectangular waveguide cavity comprises a third rectangular waveguide groove (1206), the first polarization torsion structure, a fourth rectangular waveguide groove (131) and the second polarization torsion structure, and the third rectangular waveguide groove (1206) and the fourth rectangular waveguide groove (131) are in mirror symmetry along the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and the lower waveguide structure block (13);
the square waveguide cavity comprises a fifth rectangular waveguide groove (1211) and a sixth rectangular waveguide groove (137), and the heights of the fifth rectangular waveguide groove (1211) and the sixth rectangular waveguide groove (137) are half of the widths; the fifth rectangular waveguide groove (1211) is arranged on the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block (12), the sixth rectangular waveguide groove (137) is arranged on the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block (13), and the fifth rectangular waveguide groove (1211) and the sixth rectangular waveguide groove (137) are in mirror symmetry along the connecting face of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and the lower waveguide structure block (13).
3. A polarization tracker for use in communication-in-motion according to claim 2, wherein: a rectangular matching step is also arranged in the first rectangular waveguide cavity and the second rectangular waveguide cavity;
The rectangular matching steps in the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide comprise a first rectangular matching step (111) positioned on the lower end face of the upper waveguide structure block (11) and a second rectangular matching step (1201) positioned on the upper end face of the middle waveguide structure block (12); the lowest step surface of the first rectangular matching step (111) and the second rectangular matching step (1201) is positioned at the front end of the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide, and the highest step surface of the first rectangular matching step (111) is connected with the first rectangular waveguide groove (112) and positioned in the same horizontal plane; the highest step surface of the second rectangular matching step (1201) is connected with the second rectangular waveguide groove (1202) and is positioned in the same horizontal plane, and the first rectangular matching step (111) is the same as the second rectangular matching step (1201);
the rectangular matching step in the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide comprises a third rectangular matching step (1209) positioned on the lower end face of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and a fourth rectangular matching step (134) positioned on the upper end face of the lower waveguide structure block (13); the lowest step surface of the third rectangular matching step (1209) is coplanar with the first polarization torsion groove (1207), the highest step surface of the third rectangular matching step (1209) is connected with the fifth rectangular waveguide groove (1211) and is located in the same horizontal plane, the lowest step surface of the fourth rectangular matching step (134) is coplanar with the second polarization torsion groove (132), the highest step surface of the fourth rectangular matching step (134) is connected with the sixth rectangular waveguide groove (137) and is located in the same horizontal plane, and the third rectangular matching step (1209) and the fourth rectangular matching step (134) are in mirror symmetry along the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and the lower waveguide structure block (13).
4. A polarization tracker for communication-in-motion according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rectangular matching steps are three-stage steps.
5. A polarization tracker for use in communication-in-motion according to claim 2, wherein: the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide inner cavity is also provided with a transition matching step, and the transition matching step comprises a first transition matching step (1210) positioned on the lower end surface of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and a second transition matching step (135) positioned on the upper end surface of the lower waveguide structure block (13); the first transition matching step (1210) and the second transition matching step (135) are in mirror symmetry along the connecting surface of the middle waveguide structure block (12) and the lower waveguide structure block (13);
the transition matching step (1210) and the second transition matching step (135) are positioned on two side walls of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, the lowest step surfaces of the transition matching step (1210) and the second transition matching step (135) are coplanar with the side walls of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the highest step surfaces of the transition matching step (1210) and the second transition matching step (135) are coplanar with the side walls of the second rectangular waveguide cavity.
6. A polarization tracker for use in communication-in-motion according to claim 3 or 5, wherein: a first adjusting screw (1203) is arranged on the middle waveguide structure block (12) and positioned at the center of the tail end of the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the first adjusting screw (1203) is parallel to the first rectangular waveguide cavity;
and a second adjusting screw (136) is arranged on the lower waveguide structure block (13) and positioned at the bottom surface of the tail end of the second rectangular waveguide inner cavity, and the second adjusting screw (136) is perpendicular to the second rectangular waveguide inner cavity.
7. A polarization tracker for use in communication-in-motion according to claim 1, wherein: the cylindrical metal probe (1204) comprises a first metal cylinder and a second metal cylinder which are coaxially arranged, the diameter of the first metal cylinder is larger than that of the second metal cylinder, the first metal cylinder is positioned in the inner cavity of the first rectangular waveguide, and the second metal cylinder is positioned in the inner cavity of the second rectangular waveguide.
8. A polarization tracker for use in communication-in-motion according to claim 1, wherein: the Z-shaped cylindrical metal probe (22) comprises a first straight line section (221), a second straight line section (222) and a third straight line section (223) which are sequentially connected, wherein the diameters of the first straight line section (221), the second straight line section (222) and the third straight line section (223) are the same and are positioned in the same horizontal plane;
An included angle between the first straight line section (221) and the second straight line section (222) is an obtuse angle, and an included angle between the second straight line section (222) and the third straight line section (223) is an acute angle.
9. A polarization tracker for use in communication-in-motion according to claim 8, wherein: rounded transitions are arranged between the first straight line segment (221) and the second straight line segment (222) and between the second straight line segment (222) and the third straight line segment (223).
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| US11693166B2 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2023-07-04 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Septumless OMT polarizer |
| CN114122736B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-24 | 华南理工大学 | Omnidirectional coverage broadband circularly polarized multi-beam antenna array |
| CN114335963B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-07 | 广州中雷电科科技有限公司 | Orthogonal mode coupler and design method |
| CN114759335B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-03-31 | 成都天锐星通科技有限公司 | Orthogonal mode coupler and dual linear polarization feed source |
| CN115000663B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-22 | 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 | Terahertz waveguide structure, middle cavity of terahertz waveguide structure, circuit structure and electronic equipment |
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