CN110581358A - hollow arc antenna internally arranged in GIS basin-type insulator and design method thereof - Google Patents
hollow arc antenna internally arranged in GIS basin-type insulator and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110581358A CN110581358A CN201910895774.8A CN201910895774A CN110581358A CN 110581358 A CN110581358 A CN 110581358A CN 201910895774 A CN201910895774 A CN 201910895774A CN 110581358 A CN110581358 A CN 110581358A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1254—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of gas-insulated power appliances or vacuum gaps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
Abstract
The invention discloses a hollowed arc antenna arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator and a design method thereof, wherein the antenna comprises an ultrahigh frequency antenna main body arranged at the edge of a metal flange of the GIS basin-type insulator, and the ultrahigh frequency antenna main body is a hollowed arc antenna; the hollow arc-shaped antenna comprises an arc-shaped medium substrate with the same radian as that of the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange, and a ground plate and an antenna patch layer which are respectively laid on two sides of the arc-shaped medium substrate and have the same radian as that of the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange, wherein the antenna patch layer is composed of butterfly-shaped radiation units constructed by self-similar fractal, and the tail ends and the initial ends of the butterfly-shaped radiation units are in seamless connection; the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer without the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is designed to be a hollow structure. According to the hollow arc antenna arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator and the design method thereof, the hollow arc antenna is arranged at the edge of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator, so that the size is small, and the detection frequency band is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of GIS equipment partial discharge detection, in particular to a hollow arc antenna arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator and a design method thereof.
Background
The research of GIS partial discharge detection is always a hot spot of related research at home and abroad, and the traditional ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor for detecting GIS partial discharge can be divided into an external sensor and an internal sensor according to the installation mode. The external sensor is arranged on the surface of the basin-type insulator pouring hole, and has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in installation and easiness in application, but the metal ring is arranged on the surface of the basin-type insulator for packaging, so that ultrahigh frequency signals are shielded, and the detection of the ultrahigh frequency signals by partial discharge is not facilitated. Built-in sensor installs in GIS hand hole or CT lead wire box department, has that the interference killing feature is strong, the high advantage of sensitivity, but installs built-in sensor more complicacy, need open the GIS cavity or install the hand hole on the cavity, causes the equipment seal variation, and then influences the inside insulation level of GIS equipment, and the unable change monitoring position in later stage, detection efficiency is low.
in recent years, the ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor built in the GIS equipment basin-type insulator gradually appears, and the ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor is built in the basin-type insulator, so that the internal space of the GIS equipment can be saved, the airtightness of the GIS equipment is improved, and the sensitivity of an online monitoring device is improved. At present, the research on the uhf antenna built in the GIS device basin-type insulator mainly includes a planar antenna, a circular antenna, an insulator pre-embedded antenna, and the like. The planar antenna has a thin planar structure, a frequency detection bandwidth, high sensitivity and simple manufacture, but is difficult to detect low-frequency signals and is not easy to pour in the basin-type insulator. Although the circular antenna is convenient to pour into the basin-type insulator, the frequency band of the circular antenna is low, the sensitivity of high-frequency components is low, and the partial discharge condition of GIS equipment cannot be effectively reflected. The embedded antenna of the insulator takes the arc-shaped spring electrode embedded in the insulator as a sensor, is convenient to pour like a circular antenna, but has sensitivity close to that of the circular sensor and lower detection sensitivity at about 1 GHz. Chinese utility model patent document with the publication number CN201721243239 discloses a novel totally-enclosed basin insulator of GIS, place the arc uhf antenna sensor of basin insulator gate opening department in including and place the amplifier circuit of gate opening department in, although the structure and the mounted position of uhf sensor have been optimized in above-mentioned design, but can only place metal flange gate opening department in with the uhf antenna in, the position and the quantity of built-in uhf antenna all have very big limitation, the multisensor monitoring and the work of localization of partial discharge can not be carried out, and whole patent does not provide the design method of the uhf sensor who is fit for using, fixed mode and casting process. In summary, at present, the problems of narrow detection frequency band, low sensitivity, unreasonable antenna structure and the like mainly exist in the design of the ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor internally arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator. Therefore, in order to better realize the online monitoring of the partial discharge of the GIS equipment, the arc ultrahigh frequency antenna which is miniaturized, has a wide frequency band, is arranged at the edge of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator and has good antenna characteristics is designed, and the method has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a hollow arc antenna arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator and a design method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
A hollow arc antenna arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator comprises an ultrahigh frequency antenna main body arranged at the edge of a metal flange of the GIS basin-type insulator, wherein the ultrahigh frequency antenna main body is a hollow arc antenna; the hollow arc-shaped antenna and the GIS basin-type insulator are poured together by using epoxy resin; the hollow arc-shaped antenna comprises an arc-shaped medium substrate with the same radian as that of the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange, and a ground plate and an antenna patch layer which are respectively laid on two sides of the arc-shaped medium substrate and have the same radian as that of the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange, wherein the antenna patch layer is composed of butterfly-shaped radiation units constructed by self-similar fractal, and the tail ends and the initial ends of the butterfly-shaped radiation units are in seamless connection; the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is not provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be a hollow structure; and a through hole penetrating through the ground plate, the arc-shaped dielectric substrate and the antenna patch layer is arranged at the central feed point of the hollowed-out arc-shaped antenna and is used for connecting the microstrip feed structure.
Optionally, fretwork arc antenna still includes coupling assembling, coupling assembling includes T type copper and the semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable of taking the fix with screw, has seted up the hole on the GIS basin formula insulator metal flange, T type copper fixed connection is on GIS basin formula insulator pouring die, the semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable of taking the fix with screw includes the fix with screw, semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable and the radio frequency cable adapter that connect gradually, the radio frequency cable adapter with fretwork arc antenna connects, semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable passes the hole, the fix with screw pass through the cross screw with T type copper fixed connection.
Optionally, the characteristic impedance Z of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit0And half apex angle theta0Arm length l0The relationship therebetween satisfies the following formula:
Z0＝120*lncot(θ0/2) (1)
resonant frequency f of the butterfly-shaped radiating elementrThe relation between the structural size of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit satisfies the following formula:
In the formula: λ is the wavelength corresponding to the low-end frequency of the input impedance bandwidth of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, fris the resonant frequency of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, h is the thickness of the dielectric plate of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, XrIs relative dielectric constant, c is light speed in vacuum, H is longitudinal total length of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, w is length of bottom edge of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit1The length of a connecting line of intersection points of the left and right symmetrical parts of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is shown.
Optionally, the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is set to be of an arc-shaped structure, and a size parameter calculation formula of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is as follows:
Wherein l'0the length of the arm of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit under the arc-shaped structure is shown, and R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator;And the arc value of the lower arm length of the plane structure of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit corresponding to the radius R.
The invention also provides a design method of the hollow arc antenna built in the GIS basin-type insulator, which is applied to the hollow arc antenna built in the GIS basin-type insulator and comprises the following steps:
Step 1: determining basic parameters of the hollowed-out arc antenna, wherein the basic parameters comprise a feed mode, an antenna patch layer material, a ground plate material and a dielectric substrate material;
step 2: constructing a butterfly-shaped radiation unit through self-similar fractal: setting the working frequency of a plane butterfly antenna, determining initial structure parameters of the plane butterfly antenna, establishing a plane butterfly antenna model, setting a feed structure at the center of a patch, taking a plane butterfly radiating unit as a basic structure, performing self-similar fractal iteration in a one-dimensional direction by adopting a self-similar fractal mode, selecting a half vertex angle of each initial self-similar fractal butterfly radiating unit as 80 degrees, setting characteristic impedance as 150 ohms, and determining the initial half vertex angle and arm length of the butterfly radiating unit through simulation optimization;
And step 3: calculating the size parameter of the arc-shaped structure of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, wherein the calculation formula of the size parameter of the arc-shaped structure is as follows:
Wherein R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator;The arc value corresponding to the lower arm length of the plane structure of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit under the radius R is obtained;
And 4, step 4: establishing an arc self-similar fractal butterfly antenna model, setting a radiation condition as epoxy resin, and calculating a standing-wave ratio (VSWR) and a return loss (S11) of the antenna under an initial parameter;
And 5: optimizing and adjusting to determine optimal parameters: adjusting the initial parameters according to the simulation result of the step 4, so that the value of the standing-wave ratio VSWR and the value of the return loss S11 of the antenna are minimum within the frequency range of 0.3-3 GHz;
Step 6: modifying the antenna to be a hollow structure, wherein the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is not provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be the hollow structure, the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be the arc-shaped structure, the radiation condition is set to be epoxy resin, and the standing wave ratio VSWR and the return loss S11 of the antenna are calculated under the initial parameters;
And 7: optimizing and adjusting to determine optimal parameters: adjusting the initial parameters according to the simulation result of the step 6, so that the value of the standing-wave ratio VSWR and the value of the return loss S11 of the antenna are minimum within the frequency range of 0.3-3 GHz;
And 8: and manufacturing the hollow arc antenna arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator according to the optimal parameters.
optionally, in step 1, basic parameters of the hollowed-out arc antenna are determined, where the basic parameters include a feed mode, a material of an antenna patch layer, a material of a ground plate, and a material of a dielectric substrate, and specifically include: the feed mode adopts microstrip feed, the antenna patch layer and the ground plate are made of copper, the dielectric substrate is made of epoxy resin, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 4.4.
optionally, in step 2, the determining initial structural parameters of the planar butterfly antenna specifically includes: the initial structure parameters comprise an initial half-vertex angle theta of the plane butterfly-shaped radiation unit1、θ2、θ3and theta4Initial arm length l1、l2、l3And l4；
The determining of the initial half vertex angle and the arm length of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit specifically comprises: initial half apex angle theta1'、θ2'、θ3' and theta4', initial arm length l1'、l2'、l3' and l4', wherein theta1'＝θ1，θ2'＝θ2，θ3'＝θ3，θ4'＝θ4，l1'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l1/2R)]/180，l2'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l2/2R)]/180，l3'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l3/2R)]/180 and l4'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l4/2R)]and R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator.
according to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention provides a hollowed arc antenna built in a GIS basin-type insulator and a design method thereof, wherein the hollowed arc antenna is composed of a butterfly antenna, a self-similar fractal technology is adopted to perform self-similar fractal iteration in a one-dimensional direction for 4 times on a butterfly radiation unit, the size of an ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor is reduced, and the detection frequency band of the ultrahigh frequency antenna is widened; the planar antenna is designed into an arc-shaped structure, so that the ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor is easy to be arranged in the edge of a metal flange of the GIS basin-type insulator, and the hollow design is adopted, so that the pouring difficulty in the actual engineering is solved; the antenna provided by the invention is used as an ultrahigh frequency sensor for detecting GIS partial discharge signals, has the advantages of wide detection frequency band, small volume and the like in the range of 0.3-3 GHz, and has good detection effect and economic characteristics.
drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pouring and fixing structure of a hollow arc antenna embedded in a GIS basin-type insulator in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow arc antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for designing a hollow arc antenna embedded in a GIS basin-type insulator in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the standing-wave ratio in the frequency range of 0.3 to 3GHz according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional gain pattern of a hollowed-out arc antenna built in a GIS basin-type insulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a semi-rigid RF coaxial cable with a screw fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. a semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable with a screw fastener; 2. hollowing out the arc antenna; 3. a T-shaped copper plate; 4. a microstrip feed structure; 5. pouring a mould for the basin-type insulator; 6. a basin insulator metal flange; 1-1, a screw fixer; 1-2, semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable; 1-3, a radio frequency coaxial cable adapter; 1-4, cross screws; 2-1, an antenna patch layer; 2-2, a dielectric substrate; 2-3, a grounding plate; 2-4, through holes; 5-1, opening holes in a casting mold; 6-1 and holes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a hollow arc antenna arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator and a design method thereof.
in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
as shown in fig. 1-2 and fig. 6, the hollow arc antenna built in the GIS basin-type insulator provided by the invention comprises an ultrahigh frequency antenna main body built in the edge of a metal flange 6 of the GIS basin-type insulator, wherein the ultrahigh frequency antenna main body is a hollow arc antenna 2; the hollow arc-shaped antenna 2 and the GIS basin-type insulator are poured together by using epoxy resin; the hollow arc-shaped antenna 2 comprises an arc-shaped dielectric substrate 2-2 with the same radian as the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange, and a ground plate 2-3 and an antenna patch layer 2-1 which are respectively laid on two sides of the arc-shaped dielectric substrate 2-2 and have the same radian as the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange 1, wherein the two sides refer to the front and back of the dielectric substrate, the antenna patch layer 2-1 comprises a butterfly-shaped radiation unit with a 4-order self-similar fractal structure, the antenna patch layer 2-1 is composed of butterfly-shaped radiation units constructed by self-similar fractal, and the tail end and the initial end of each butterfly-shaped radiation unit are in seamless connection; the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer 2-1 without the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is designed to be a hollow structure; and a through hole penetrating through the ground plate 2-3, the arc-shaped dielectric substrate 2-2 and the antenna patch layer 2-1 is arranged at the central feed point of the hollowed arc-shaped antenna 2 and is used for connecting the microstrip feed structure 4.
hollow arc antenna 2 still includes coupling assembling, coupling assembling includes T type copper 3 and take the semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable 1 of screw fixation ware, has seted up hole 6-1 on GIS basin formula insulator metal flange 6, 3 fixed connection of T type copper are on GIS basin formula insulator casting die 5, take the semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable 1 of screw fixation ware including screw fixation ware 1-1, semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable 1-2 and the radio frequency cable adapter 1-3 that connect gradually, radio frequency cable adapter 1-3 with hollow arc antenna 2 is connected, semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable 1-2 passes hole 6-1, screw fixation ware 1-1 through the cross screw with 3 fixed connection of T type copper. The T-shaped copper plate 3 is fixed by a cross screw penetrating through the opening 5-1 of the casting mold. Before the hollow arc antenna built in the GIS basin-type insulator is poured, the pouring position of the ultrahigh frequency antenna is fixed by using a pre-embedded screw copper plate fixing method, a proper antenna position is firstly found along the edge of the basin-type insulator, then the antenna is fixed by using a connecting assembly, the spatial freedom degree of the whole ultrahigh frequency antenna main body is guaranteed to be restricted, and epoxy resin curing is completed by using a metered epoxy resin/curing agent/filler/accelerator system according to a three-section gradual heating method. High-purity bisphenol A epoxy resin CY5995, liquid anhydride curing agent HY5996 and DMP-30 type accelerator are adopted, Al2O3 filler with the diameter of 12 mu m is adopted, and the proportion of m (epoxy resin): m (filler): m (curing agent): heating the measured bisphenol A epoxy resin CY5995 to 100 ℃, adding Al2O3 according to the proportion, uniformly stirring, adding the measured HY5996 curing agent and the measured accelerator DMP-30, and stirring for 10 min. After uniformly stirring, degassing in vacuum for 15min, pouring the mixture into a preheated mould, adopting a three-section gradual heating method, firstly curing at 110 ℃ for 3 hours, secondly curing at 140 ℃ for 6 hours, and finally curing at 180 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain a finished hollow arc antenna product arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator, after the curing is finished, removing redundant copper sheets in a screw fixer, connecting a radio frequency cable adapter of a metal cover plate provided with a signal output connector mounting hole with the screw fixer, fixing the arc metal cover plate on a basin-type insulator metal flange by using screws, and reinforcing the mechanical strength of the signal output connector.
the working frequency band of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is formed by the half vertex angle theta of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit0And arm length l0Determining theta0an increase will decrease the characteristic impedance, but θ0Too large to be beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna, and the general choice in engineering is according to theta0Between 40 and 80 degrees, according to an empirical formula, the characteristic impedance Z of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit0And half apex angle theta0Arm length l0The relationship between them is:
Z0＝120*lncot(θ0/2) (1)
resonant frequency f of butterfly-shaped radiating elementrThe relation between the structural size of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is as follows:
in the formula: λ is the wavelength corresponding to the low-end frequency of the input impedance bandwidth of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, frIs the resonant frequency of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, h is the thickness of the dielectric plate of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, XrIs relative dielectric constant, c is light speed in vacuum, H is longitudinal total length of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, w is length of bottom edge of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit1the length of a connecting line of intersection points of the left and right symmetrical parts of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is shown.
the fractal mode adopts a self-similar fractal mode to perform self-similar fractal iteration on the butterfly-shaped radiation unit for 4 times in the one-dimensional direction, the miniaturization purpose is realized, the vertex angle of each initial self-similar fractal butterfly-shaped radiation unit is initially selected to be 80 degrees, the characteristic impedance is set to be 150 ohms, and the vertex angle and the arm length are designed through simulation optimization to obtain good radiation performance.
The butterfly-shaped radiation unit is set to be of an arc-shaped structure, and the size parameter calculation formula of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is as follows:
wherein l'0The length of the arm of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit under the arc-shaped structure is shown, and R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator;And the arc value of the lower arm length of the plane structure of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit corresponding to the radius R.
as shown in fig. 3, the invention also provides a design method of the hollow arc antenna built in the GIS basin-type insulator, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: determining basic parameters of a hollow arc antenna built in a GIS basin-type insulator, wherein the basic parameters comprise a feed mode, an antenna patch layer material, a ground plate material and a dielectric substrate material;
Step 2: setting the working frequency of a plane butterfly antenna, determining initial structure parameters of the plane butterfly antenna, establishing a plane butterfly antenna model, setting a feed structure at the center of a patch, taking a plane butterfly radiating unit as a basic structure, performing self-similar fractal iteration in a one-dimensional direction by adopting a self-similar fractal mode, preliminarily selecting a half vertex angle of each initial self-similar fractal butterfly radiating unit as 80 degrees, setting characteristic impedance as 150 ohms, and determining the half vertex angle and arm length to obtain good radiation performance through simulation optimization;
and step 3: determining the radian value of the edge of a metal flange of the basin-type insulator, and calculating the size parameter of the fractal butterfly antenna under the arc-shaped structure, wherein the calculation formula of the size parameter under the arc-shaped curved surface is as follows:
Wherein R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator, and the inner diameters of the metal flanges of the basin-type insulators of different voltage classes and different manufacturers are different;Is an arc value l 'corresponding to the arm length under the radius R in a planar structure'0The arm length of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit under the arc-shaped structure is defined;
And 4, step 4: establishing an arc fractal butterfly antenna model, setting a radiation condition as epoxy resin, and calculating a standing-wave ratio (VSWR) and a return loss (S11) of the antenna under an initial parameter;
And 5: optimizing and adjusting to determine optimal parameters: adjusting the initial parameters according to the simulation result of the step 4, so that the values of the standing-wave ratio VSWR and the return loss S11 of the antenna are minimum within the frequency range of 0.3-3 GHz;
step 6: modifying the antenna to be a hollow structure, wherein the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is not provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be the hollow structure, the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be the arc-shaped structure, the radiation condition is set to be epoxy resin, and the standing wave ratio VSWR and the return loss S11 of the antenna are calculated under the initial parameters;
and 7: optimizing and adjusting to determine optimal parameters: adjusting the initial parameters according to the simulation result of the step 6, so that the values of the standing-wave ratio VSWR and the return loss S11 of the antenna are minimum within the frequency range of 0.3-3 GHz;
And 8: and manufacturing the hollow arc antenna arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator according to the optimal parameters.
in step 1, determining basic parameters of the hollowed-out arc antenna, where the basic parameters include a feed mode, a material of an antenna patch layer, a material of a ground plate, and a material of a dielectric substrate, and specifically include: the feed mode adopts microstrip feed, the antenna patch layer and the ground plate are made of copper, the dielectric substrate is made of epoxy resin, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 4.4.
In step 6, when the value of the standing wave ratio VSWR and the value of the return loss S11 of the antenna reach minimum, the obtained parameter is the optimal parameter, otherwise, if not, the parameter needs to be repeatedly adjusted until the value of the standing wave ratio VSWR and the value of the return loss S11 of the antenna reach minimum within the frequency range of 0.3 to 3 GHz.
Taking 252kV GIS basin-type insulators as an example, in step 2, determining initial structural parameters of the planar butterfly antenna, where the initial structural parameters are parameters of a planar self-similar fractal butterfly radiation unit of the antenna patch layer, and include initial half vertex angles θ of the planar fractal butterfly radiation unit1Is 48.7 DEG theta2Is 53.3 DEG theta3Is 53.9 DEG and theta4is 57.9 DEG, the initial armlong dimension l1Is 12mm, l2Is 10.1mm, l3is 8mm and l45.8 mm; initial half vertex angles theta of the arc fractal butterfly-shaped radiation unit1' is 48.7 DEG theta2' is 53.3 DEG theta3' is 53.9 DEG and theta4' 57.9 DEG, initial arm length l1' is 12.04mm, l2' is 10.13mm, l3' is 8.02mm and l4' is 5.80 mm; the structural parameters of the optimized optimal hollowed arc-shaped butterfly antenna in the step 7 comprise the optimal half vertex angles theta of the hollowed arc-shaped butterfly antenna1"is 49.2 degree, theta2"is 53.6 degree, theta3"is 54.1 ° and θ4"57.4 °, optimum arm length l1"12.31 mm,", is2"is 10.43mm,"3"is 8.22mm and l4"5.64 mm.
The parameter table of the hollow arc antenna arranged in the 252kV GIS basin-type insulator is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown in fig. 4, the standing wave ratio VSWR parameter of the antenna is less than 4 in the range of 300MHz to 3GHz, and the antenna has good broadband characteristics and meets the requirements of antenna design. As shown in fig. 5, the antenna has spherical directivity, can receive electromagnetic wave signals from various directions, and has good directivity and gain.
the invention provides a hollowed arc antenna built in a GIS basin-type insulator and a design method thereof, wherein the hollowed arc antenna is composed of a butterfly antenna, a self-similar fractal technology is adopted to perform self-similar fractal iteration in a one-dimensional direction for 4 times on a butterfly radiation unit, the size of an ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor is reduced, and the detection frequency band of the ultrahigh frequency antenna is widened; the planar antenna is designed into an arc-shaped structure, so that the ultrahigh frequency antenna sensor is easy to be arranged in the edge of a metal flange of the GIS basin-type insulator, and the hollow design is adopted, so that the pouring difficulty in the actual engineering is solved; the antenna provided by the invention is used as an ultrahigh frequency sensor for detecting GIS partial discharge signals, has the advantages of wide detection frequency band, small volume and the like in the range of 0.3-3 GHz, and has good detection effect and economic characteristics.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hollow arc antenna arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator comprises an ultrahigh frequency antenna main body arranged in the edge of a metal flange of the GIS basin-type insulator, and is characterized in that the ultrahigh frequency antenna main body is a hollow arc antenna; the hollow arc-shaped antenna and the GIS basin-type insulator are poured together by using epoxy resin; the hollow arc-shaped antenna comprises an arc-shaped medium substrate with the same radian as that of the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange, and a ground plate and an antenna patch layer which are respectively laid on two sides of the arc-shaped medium substrate and have the same radian as that of the edge of the GIS basin-type insulator metal flange, wherein the antenna patch layer is composed of butterfly-shaped radiation units constructed by self-similar fractal, and the tail ends and the initial ends of the butterfly-shaped radiation units are in seamless connection; the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is not provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be a hollow structure; and a through hole penetrating through the ground plate, the arc-shaped dielectric substrate and the antenna patch layer is arranged at the central feed point of the hollowed-out arc-shaped antenna and is used for connecting the microstrip feed structure.
2. The interior fretwork arc antenna who places GIS basin insulator in of claim 1, characterized in that, fretwork arc antenna still includes coupling assembling, coupling assembling includes T type copper and the semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable of taking the fix with screw, has seted up the hole on the GIS basin insulator metal flange, T type copper fixed connection is on GIS basin insulator pouring die, the semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable of taking the fix with screw includes fix with screw, semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable and the radio frequency cable adapter that connects gradually, the radio frequency cable adapter with fretwork arc antenna connects, semi-rigid radio frequency coaxial cable passes the hole, the fix with screw pass through cross screw with T type copper fixed connection.
3. The hollowed-out arc antenna internally arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic impedance Z of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit0And half apex angle theta0Arm length l0The relationship therebetween satisfies the following formula:
Z0＝120*lncot(θ0/2) (1)
Resonant frequency f of the butterfly-shaped radiating elementrThe relation between the structural size of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit satisfies the following formula:
In the formula: λ is the wavelength corresponding to the low-end frequency of the input impedance bandwidth of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, frIs the resonant frequency of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, h is the thickness of the dielectric plate of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, Xris relative dielectric constant, c is light speed in vacuum, H is longitudinal total length of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, w is length of bottom edge of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit1The length of a connecting line of intersection points of the left and right symmetrical parts of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is shown.
4. the hollowed arc antenna internally arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator according to claim 1, wherein the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is arranged in an arc structure, and the calculation formula of the size parameter of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit is as follows:
Wherein l'0the length of the arm of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit under the arc-shaped structure is shown, and R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator;And the arc value of the lower arm length of the plane structure of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit corresponding to the radius R.
5. a design method of a hollow arc antenna arranged in a GIS basin-type insulator is characterized by being applied to the hollow arc antenna arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator in any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprising the following steps:
Step 1: determining basic parameters of the hollowed-out arc antenna, wherein the basic parameters comprise a feed mode, an antenna patch layer material, a ground plate material and a dielectric substrate material;
Step 2: constructing a butterfly-shaped radiation unit through self-similar fractal: setting the working frequency of a plane butterfly antenna, determining initial structure parameters of the plane butterfly antenna, establishing a plane butterfly antenna model, setting a feed structure at the center of a patch, taking a plane butterfly radiating unit as a basic structure, performing self-similar fractal iteration in a one-dimensional direction by adopting a self-similar fractal mode, selecting a half vertex angle of each initial self-similar fractal butterfly radiating unit as 80 degrees, setting characteristic impedance as 150 ohms, and determining the initial half vertex angle and arm length of the butterfly radiating unit through simulation optimization;
And step 3: calculating the size parameter of the arc-shaped structure of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, wherein the calculation formula of the size parameter of the arc-shaped structure is as follows:
Wherein R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator;The arc value corresponding to the lower arm length of the plane structure of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit under the radius R is obtained;
And 4, step 4: establishing an arc self-similar fractal butterfly antenna model, setting a radiation condition as epoxy resin, and calculating a standing-wave ratio (VSWR) and a return loss (S11) of the antenna under an initial parameter;
and 5: optimizing and adjusting to determine optimal parameters: adjusting the initial parameters according to the simulation result of the step 4, so that the value of the standing-wave ratio VSWR and the value of the return loss S11 of the antenna are minimum within the frequency range of 0.3-3 GHz;
Step 6: modifying the antenna to be a hollow structure, wherein the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is not provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be the hollow structure, the part of the surface of the antenna patch layer, which is provided with the butterfly-shaped radiation unit, is designed to be the arc-shaped structure, the radiation condition is set to be epoxy resin, and the standing wave ratio VSWR and the return loss S11 of the antenna are calculated under the initial parameters;
And 7: optimizing and adjusting to determine optimal parameters: adjusting the initial parameters according to the simulation result of the step 6, so that the value of the standing-wave ratio VSWR and the value of the return loss S11 of the antenna are minimum within the frequency range of 0.3-3 GHz;
and 8: and manufacturing the hollow arc antenna arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator according to the optimal parameters.
6. the method according to claim 5, wherein in step 1, basic parameters of the hollow arc antenna are determined, the basic parameters include a feed mode, a material of a patch layer of the antenna, a material of a ground plate and a material of a dielectric substrate, and the method specifically includes: the feed mode adopts microstrip feed, the antenna patch layer and the ground plate are made of copper, the dielectric substrate is made of epoxy resin, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 4.4.
7. The method for designing the hollowed arc antenna internally arranged in the GIS basin-type insulator according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2, the determining of the initial structural parameters of the planar butterfly antenna specifically comprises: the initial structure parameters comprise an initial half-vertex angle theta of the plane butterfly-shaped radiation unit1、θ2、θ3And theta4Initial arm length l1、l2、l3and l4；
The determining of the initial half vertex angle and the arm length of the butterfly-shaped radiation unit specifically comprises: initial half apex angle theta1'、θ2'、θ3' and theta4', initial arm length l1'、l2'、l3' and l4', wherein theta1'＝θ1，θ2'＝θ2，θ3'＝θ3，θ4'＝θ4，l1'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l1/2R)]/180，l2'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l2/2R)]/180，l3'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l3/2R)]/180 and l4'＝2R*[π*sin-1(l4/2R)]And R is the inner diameter of the metal flange of the basin-type insulator.
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| CN111106436A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-05 | 国家电网有限公司 | Symmetric antenna structure based on 2-order Hibert fractal curve |
| CN113422200A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Back reflection multi-frequency-point hollow built-in antenna and design method thereof |
| CN113782961A (en) * | 2021-09-19 | 2021-12-10 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Directional miniaturized multi-frequency-point external antenna and design method thereof |
| CN114122687A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-03-01 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Signal detection antenna, method, system, device, detection equipment and storage medium |
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| CN113782961B (en) * | 2021-09-19 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Directional miniaturized multi-frequency-point external antenna and design method thereof |
| CN114122687A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-03-01 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Signal detection antenna, method, system, device, detection equipment and storage medium |
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