CN110576579B - 一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜,所述薄膜为ABA型三层共挤出构造薄膜,其中A层为功能层,B层为有色层,所述A层占总质量分数的15%~25%,包括重量百分比为60%~80%的光学级聚酯粒子,0~10%的聚酯切片,10%~40%的PET抗粘连剂,所述B层占总质量分数的75%~85%,包括重量百分比为20%~85%的光学级聚酯粒子,0%~70%的辅料,7%~15%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母,该薄膜具有良好的隔热性能,抗紫外阻隔率达99%以上,红外阻隔率大于60%,并且该薄膜生产成本较低,制备工艺简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能型薄膜领域,具体地说是一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜及其制备工艺。
背景技术
汽车玻璃上的贴膜具有多种功能,主要作用是挡紫外线、阻隔部分热量以及防止玻璃飞溅导致的伤人、防眩光等情况发生,同时根据太阳膜的单向透视性能,达到保护个人隐私的目的,此外,它也可以减少车内物品以及人员因紫外线照射造成的损伤,通过物理反光,降低车内温度,减少汽车空调的使用,从而降低油耗,节省一部分开支,传统的汽车后档用薄膜大部分采用单层材料,外观为透明薄膜,功能单一,薄膜清晰度不够,影响驾驶员视野,抗紫外线阻隔率不高。
发明内容
本发明提供的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜及其制备工艺,旨在解决现有技术中在透光率较低的情况下,清晰度不高,隔热抗紫外效果较差的不足之处。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜,所述薄膜为ABA型三层构造薄膜,其中A层为功能层,B层为有色层;
所述A层占总质量分数的15%~25%,包括重量百分比为60%~80%的光学级聚酯粒子,0~10%的聚酯切片,10%~40%的PET抗粘连剂;
所述B层占总质量分数的75%~85%,包括重量百分比为20%~85%的光学级聚酯粒子,0%~70%的辅料,7%~15%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母。
各层通过配比制得的材料层,使薄膜具有多种功能,添加隔热抗紫外黑色色母,使薄膜能够有效地隔绝热量,提升薄膜抗紫外线能力,同时该薄膜生产成本较低,并且制备工艺简单。
作为优选,所述A层中所用的PET抗粘连剂无机成分为二氧化硅、碳酸钙、硫酸钡中的一种或多种。
作为优选,所述B层中所用的隔热抗紫外黑色色母为普通黑色色母粒和PET隔热抗紫外剂的共混物,普通黑色色母粒和PET隔热抗紫外剂的质量比例为1:0.25。
作为优选,所述PET隔热抗紫外剂为紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂与光学级PET原料粒子的共混物,紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂为掺锑二氧化锡、氧化铈、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、苯并三唑类衍生物中的一种或多种,所述PET隔热抗紫外剂中包括质量比为96%~98%的光学级聚酯离子、质量比为0.5%~1.5%的紫外阻隔剂、质量比为0.1%~0.5%的红外阻隔剂。
本发明还提供了一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤(10)、制备空心纳米二氧化硅微球:将5g苯乙烯和0.5g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入装有90ml蒸馏水的250ml四口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌,通氮气保护30分钟,然后水浴70℃保温,将5g过硫酸钾1%的水溶液加入四口瓶中,氮气气氛保护下,反应24小时,将2.5g上述聚苯乙烯乳液加入到装有90ml蒸馏水的250ml三口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌,室温条件下将1ml一水合氨加入三口烧瓶中,搅拌30min后,将5ml正硅酸四乙酯50%的乙醇溶液逐滴加入三口烧瓶中,反应7.5小时,将上述反应液离心得到白色固体,将白色固体加入到盛有四氢呋喃的烧杯中,浸泡反应24小时,然后再离心得到白色固体,将再次离心得到的白色固体用丙酮反复洗涤,洗涤后冷冻干燥,得到空心二氧化硅纳米球;
步骤(20)、制备PET抗粘剂:将步骤(10)中得到的空心二氧化硅纳米球添加硅烷偶联剂、抗氧剂、热稳定剂、聚酯树脂,先以400r/min~600r/min的转速混合18min~22min,然后转速调至1500r/min~2000r/min混合10min~15min,再以200r/min~500r/min的转速混合15min~20min,将共混物熔融挤出通过造粒机得到PET抗粘剂;
步骤(30)、制备辅料:收集聚酯生产过程中铸片、切边过程的边角料,将收集的边角料用粉碎机进行粉碎,将粉碎后的材料进行过筛,除去材料中较大的硬质颗粒以及其他杂质粒子,在过筛后的材料中加入抗氧剂、热稳定剂、以及聚酯树脂,先以500r/min~600r/min的转速混合15min~20min,然后转速调至2500r/min~3000r/min混合15min~20min,再以300r/min~400r/min的转速混合15min~20min,将混合好的材料投入双螺杆挤出机进行熔融挤出,将熔融挤出的熔体通过拉伸水冷进行造粒,在挤出造粒后的材料中加入一定比例的增粘剂以及聚酯树脂,然后进行共混过筛,除去造粒过程后粒料团聚混入的较大团块,包装入库得到辅料PET粒子;
步骤(40)、制备PET隔热抗紫外剂:将紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂与光学级PET原料粒子共混,包括质量比为96%~98%的光学级聚酯离子、质量比为0.5%~1.5%的紫外阻隔剂、质量比为0.1%~0.5%的红外阻隔剂,通过熔融挤出造粒得到PET隔热抗紫外剂;
步骤(50)、将A层和B层原料通过吸料系统送至相应的料仓内,通过计量泵控制主挤出机和辅挤出机挤出熔体质量比为75~85:25~15,各原料在主挤出机和辅挤出机中经270℃~285℃熔融、抽真空,再经精度为15um的过滤器过滤,除去原料熔体中的水分、低聚物和杂质后作为主挤熔体和辅挤熔体,所得主挤熔体和辅挤熔体在ABA型三层模头中汇合熔融挤出,熔融温度为270℃~290℃,所用过滤器精度为15um~25um,所述模头温度为268℃~285℃;
步骤(60)、将挤出的熔体通过静电附片的方式贴附到冷鼓表面进行铸片,冷鼓温度设定为25℃~30℃,所得铸片厚度为160um~860um,经牵引进入纵拉区进行纵向拉伸形成薄膜,纵拉后的薄膜经在线涂布后进入横拉区进行横向拉伸形成薄膜;
步骤(70)、将步骤(60)所得的薄膜进入牵引系统进行测厚反馈、展平、除静电和收卷,获得厚度为12μm~20μm的聚酯薄膜。
作为优选,所述步骤(60)中纵拉区可分为预热段、拉伸段和冷却定型段,预热段温度为65℃~75℃,拉伸段温度为70℃~80℃,冷却定型段温度为25℃~45℃,纵向拉伸倍率设定为3.2~3.6。
作为优选,所述步骤(60)中横拉区可分为预热段、拉伸段、定型段和冷却段,预热段温度为85℃~105℃,拉伸段温度为100℃~130℃,定型段温度为200℃~240℃,冷却段温度为35℃~60℃,横向拉伸倍率设定为3.6~4.0。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜,该薄膜在透光率较低的情况下,具有十分优异的清晰度,提供给驾驶者更好的视野,该薄膜抗紫外阻隔率达99%以上,红外阻隔率大于60%,隔热抗紫外效果好,此外该薄膜生产成本较低,制备工艺简单,具有较好的使用价值。
附图说明
以下附图仅用于使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,并非是对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明的技术方案获得其它附图。
以下结合附图和示例对本发明做进一步详细说明:
图1为采用本发明制备的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步描述,以下示例仅是示例性的,并非是对本发明的限制。
如图1所示,本发明提供的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜,所述薄膜为ABA型三层构造薄膜,其中A层1为功能层,B层2为有色层;
所述A层1占总质量分数的15%~25%,包括重量百分比为60%~80%的光学级聚酯粒子,0~10%的聚酯切片,10%~40%的PET抗粘连剂;
所述B层2占总质量分数的75%~85%,包括重量百分比为20%~85%的光学级聚酯粒子,0%~70%的辅料,7%~15%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母。
各层通过配比制得的材料层,使薄膜具有多种功能,添加隔热抗紫外黑色色母,使薄膜能够有效地隔绝热量,提升薄膜抗紫外线能力,同时该薄膜生产成本较低,并且制备工艺简单。
所述A层1中所用的PET抗粘连剂无机成分为二氧化硅、碳酸钙、硫酸钡中的一种或多种。
所述B层2中所用的隔热抗紫外黑色色母为普通黑色色母粒和PET隔热抗紫外剂的共混物,普通黑色色母粒和PET隔热抗紫外剂的质量比例为1:0.25。
所述PET隔热抗紫外剂为紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂与光学级PET原料粒子的共混物,紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂为掺锑二氧化锡、氧化铈、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、苯并三唑类衍生物中的一种或多种,所述PET隔热抗紫外剂中包括质量比为96%~98%的光学级聚酯离子、质量比为0.5%~1.5%的紫外阻隔剂、质量比为0.1%~0.5%的红外阻隔剂。
本发明还提供了一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤(10)、制备空心纳米二氧化硅微球:将5g苯乙烯和0.5g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入装有90ml蒸馏水的250ml四口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌,通氮气保护30分钟,然后水浴70℃保温,将5g过硫酸钾1%的水溶液加入四口瓶中,氮气气氛保护下,反应24小时,将2.5g上述聚苯乙烯乳液加入到装有90ml蒸馏水的250ml三口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌,室温条件下将1ml一水合氨加入三口烧瓶中,搅拌30min后,将5ml正硅酸四乙酯50%的乙醇溶液逐滴加入三口烧瓶中,反应7.5小时,将上述反应液离心得到白色固体,将白色固体加入到盛有四氢呋喃的烧杯中,浸泡反应24小时,然后再离心得到白色固体,将再次离心得到的白色固体用丙酮反复洗涤,洗涤后冷冻干燥,得到空心二氧化硅纳米球;
步骤(20)、制备PET抗粘剂:将步骤(10)中得到的空心二氧化硅纳米球添加硅烷偶联剂、抗氧剂、热稳定剂、聚酯树脂,先以400r/min~600r/min的转速混合18min~22min,然后转速调至1500r/min~2000r/min混合10min~15min,再以200r/min~500r/min的转速混合15min~20min,将共混物熔融挤出通过造粒机得到PET抗粘剂;
步骤(30)、制备辅料:收集聚酯生产过程中铸片、切边过程的边角料,将收集的边角料用粉碎机进行粉碎,将粉碎后的材料进行过筛,除去材料中较大的硬质颗粒以及其他杂质粒子,在过筛后的材料中加入抗氧剂、热稳定剂、以及聚酯树脂,先以500r/min~600r/min的转速混合15min~20min,然后转速调至2500r/min~3000r/min混合15min~20min,再以300r/min~400r/min的转速混合15min~20min,将混合好的材料投入双螺杆挤出机进行熔融挤出,将熔融挤出的熔体通过拉伸水冷进行造粒,在挤出造粒后的材料中加入一定比例的增粘剂以及聚酯树脂,然后进行共混过筛,除去造粒过程后粒料团聚混入的较大团块,包装入库得到辅料PET粒子;
步骤(40)、制备PET隔热抗紫外剂:将紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂与光学级PET原料粒子共混,包括质量比为96%~98%的光学级聚酯离子、质量比为0.5%~1.5%的紫外阻隔剂、质量比为0.1%~0.5%的红外阻隔剂,通过熔融挤出造粒得到PET隔热抗紫外剂;
步骤(50)、将A层1和B层2原料通过吸料系统送至相应的料仓内,通过计量泵控制主挤出机和辅挤出机挤出熔体质量比为75~85:25~15,各原料在主挤出机和辅挤出机中经270℃~285℃熔融、抽真空,再经精度为15um的过滤器过滤,除去原料熔体中的水分、低聚物和杂质后作为主挤熔体和辅挤熔体,所得主挤熔体和辅挤熔体在ABA型三层模头中汇合熔融挤出,熔融温度为270℃~290℃,所用过滤器精度为15um~25um,所述模头温度为268℃~285℃;
步骤(60)、将挤出的熔体通过静电附片的方式贴附到冷鼓表面进行铸片,冷鼓温度设定为25℃~30℃,所得铸片厚度为160um~860um,经牵引进入纵拉区进行纵向拉伸形成薄膜,纵拉后的薄膜经在线涂布后进入横拉区进行横向拉伸形成薄膜;
步骤(70)、将步骤(60)所得的薄膜进入牵引系统进行测厚反馈、展平、除静电和收卷,获得厚度为12μm~20μm的聚酯薄膜。
所述步骤(60)中纵拉区可分为预热段、拉伸段和冷却定型段,预热段温度为65℃~75℃,拉伸段温度为70℃~80℃,冷却定型段温度为25℃~45℃,纵向拉伸倍率设定为3.2~3.6。
所述步骤(60)中横拉区可分为预热段、拉伸段、定型段和冷却段,预热段温度为85℃~105℃,拉伸段温度为100℃~130℃,定型段温度为200℃~240℃,冷却段温度为35℃~60℃,横向拉伸倍率设定为3.6~4.0。
示例1,B层2原料为85%的光学级聚酯粒子、15%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母;A层1原料为60%的光学级聚酯粒子、40%的PET抗粘连剂。
示例2,B层2原料为58.5%的光学级聚酯粒子、30%的辅料、11.5%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母;A层1原料为60%的光学级聚酯粒子、40%的PET抗粘连剂。
示例3,B层2原料为40%的光学级聚酯粒子、50%的辅料、10%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母;A层1原料为60%的光学级聚酯粒子、40%的PET抗粘连剂。
示例4,B层2原料为22.5%的光学级聚酯粒子、70%的辅料、7.5%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母;A层1原料为60%的光学级聚酯粒子、40%的PET抗粘连剂。
对比例1,该对比例与示例1~3不同之处仅在于制备双向拉伸聚酯薄膜的B层2原料为85%的光学级聚酯粒子、15%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母;A层1原料为90%的光学级聚酯粒子、10%的聚酯切片,其余原料与原料用量及制备工艺和条件均与示例1~3相同。
将上述示例1~3所制备的薄膜和对比例1制备的薄膜的性能进行检测,测试方法如下:
(1)雾度/透光测试:根据国家标准GB/T2410检测薄膜清晰度;
(2)紫外和红外阻隔率:使用LS182太阳膜测试仪进行检测;
(3)表面能测试:根据国家标准GB/T14216测试薄膜表面张力大小。
示例1~3与对比例1的测试结果如表1所示,
表1
由表1可知,在透光率相同的情况下,所制得的薄膜雾度逐渐增大,示例1和示例3所制得的薄膜的抗紫外阻隔率均达到99.5%以上,示例1~3和对比例1所制得的薄膜的红外阻隔率均大于60%,可见本发明提供的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜具有良好的隔热性和抗紫外、红外能力,并且该薄膜生产成本较低,制备工艺简单。
以上仅为本发明的优选示例实施方式,旨在体现本发明的突出技术效果和优势,并非是对本发明的技术方案的限制。本领域技术人员应当了解的是,一切基于本发明技术内容所做出的修改、变化或者替代技术特征,皆应涵盖于本发明所附权利要求主张的技术范畴内。
Claims (5)
1.一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜,其特征在于,所述薄膜为ABA型三层共挤出构造薄膜,其中A层为功能层,B层为有色层;所述A层占总质量分数的15%~25%,包括重量百分比为60%的光学级聚酯粒子,40%的PET抗粘连剂;
所述B层占总质量分数的75%~85%,包括重量百分比为85%的光学级聚酯粒子,15%的隔热抗紫外黑色色母;
其中,所述A层中所用的PET抗粘连剂无机成分为空心纳米二氧化硅微球;
所述B层中所用的隔热抗紫外黑色色母为普通黑色色母粒和PET隔热抗紫外剂的共混物;
所述PET隔热抗紫外剂为紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂与光学级PET原料粒子的共混物,紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂为掺锑二氧化锡、氧化铈、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、苯并三唑类衍生物中的一种或多种,所述PET隔热抗紫外剂中包括质量比为96%~98%的光学级聚酯粒子、质量比为0.5%~1.5%的紫外阻隔剂、质量比为0.1%~0.5%的红外阻隔剂;
所述薄膜抗紫外阻隔率达99%以上,红外阻隔率大于60%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜,其特征在于,普通黑色色母粒和PET隔热抗紫外剂的质量比例为1:0.25。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(10)、制备空心纳米二氧化硅微球:将5.0g苯乙烯和0.5g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入装有90ml蒸馏水的250ml四口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌,通氮气保护30分钟,然后水浴70℃保温,将5.0g过硫酸钾1%的水溶液加入四口瓶中,氮气气氛保护下,反应24小时,将2.5g上述聚苯乙烯乳液加入到装有90ml蒸馏水的250ml三口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌,室温条件下将1ml一水合氨加入三口烧瓶中,搅拌30min后,将5ml正硅酸四乙酯50%的乙醇溶液逐滴加入三口烧瓶中,反应7.5小时,将上述反应液离心得到白色固体,将白色固体加入到盛有四氢呋喃的烧杯中,浸泡反应24小时,然后再离心得到白色固体,将再次离心得到的白色固体用丙酮反复洗涤,洗涤后冷冻干燥,得到空心二氧化硅纳米球;
步骤(20)、制备PET抗粘剂:将步骤(10)中得到的空心二氧化硅纳米球添加硅烷偶联剂、抗氧剂、热稳定剂、聚酯树脂,先以400r/min~600r/min的转速混合18min~22min,然后转速调至1500r/min~2000r/min混合10min~15min,再以200r/min~500r/min的转速混合15min~20min,将共混物熔融挤出通过造粒机得到PET抗粘剂;
步骤(30)、制备辅料:收集聚酯生产过程中铸片、切边过程的边角料,将收集的边角料用粉碎机进行粉碎,将粉碎后的材料进行过筛,除去材料中较大的硬质颗粒以及其他杂质粒子,在过筛后的材料中加入抗氧剂、热稳定剂、以及聚酯树脂,先以500r/min~600r/min的转速混合15min~20min,然后转速调至2500r/min~3000r/min混合15min~20min,再以300r/min~400r/min的转速混合15min~20min,将混合好的材料投入双螺杆挤出机进行熔融挤出,将熔融挤出的熔体通过拉伸水冷进行造粒,在挤出造粒后的材料中加入一定比例的增粘剂以及聚酯树脂,然后进行共混过筛,除去造粒过程后粒料团聚混入的较大团块,包装入库得到辅料PET粒子;
步骤(40)、制备PET隔热抗紫外剂:将紫外、红外吸收阻隔剂与光学级PET原料粒子共混,包括质量比为96%~98%的光学级聚酯粒子、质量比为0.5%~1.5%的紫外阻隔剂、质量比为0.1%~0.5%的红外阻隔剂,通过熔融挤出造粒得到PET隔热抗紫外剂;
步骤(50)、将A层和B层原料通过吸料系统送至相应的料仓内,通过计量泵控制主挤出机和辅挤出机挤出熔体质量比为75~85:25~15,各原料在主挤出机和辅挤出机中经270℃~285℃熔融、抽真空,再经精度为15um的过滤器过滤,除去原料熔体中的水分、低聚物和杂质后作为主挤熔体和辅挤熔体,所得主挤熔体和辅挤熔体在ABA型三层模头中汇合熔融挤出,熔融温度为270℃~290℃,所用过滤器精度为15um~25um,所述模头温度为268℃~285℃;
步骤(60)、将挤出的熔体通过静电附片的方式贴附到冷鼓表面进行铸片,冷鼓温度设定为25℃~30℃,所得铸片厚度为160um~860um,经牵引进入纵拉区进行纵向拉伸形成薄膜,纵拉后的薄膜经在线涂布后进入横拉区进行横向拉伸形成薄膜;
步骤(70)、将步骤(60)所得的薄膜进入牵引系统进行测厚反馈、展平、除静电和收卷,获得厚度为12μm~20μm的聚酯薄膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(60)中纵拉区可分为预热段、拉伸段和冷却定型段,预热段温度为65℃~75℃,拉伸段温度为70℃~80℃,冷却定型段温度为25℃~45℃,纵向拉伸倍率设定为3.2~3.6。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种汽车后档用隔热抗紫外黑色透明薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(60)中横拉区可分为预热段、拉伸段、定型段和冷却段,预热段温度为85℃~105℃,拉伸段温度为100℃~130℃,定型段温度为200℃~240℃,冷却段温度为35℃~60℃,横向拉伸倍率设定为3.6~4.0。
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