CN110573247A - 吸附剂和包装材料 - Google Patents

吸附剂和包装材料 Download PDF

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CN110573247A
CN110573247A CN201880021245.9A CN201880021245A CN110573247A CN 110573247 A CN110573247 A CN 110573247A CN 201880021245 A CN201880021245 A CN 201880021245A CN 110573247 A CN110573247 A CN 110573247A
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adsorbent
packaging material
pore volume
paper
moah
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H·贝斯廷
G·赫茨尔
A·迈耶夫霍弗
F·鲁夫
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Clariant International Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂、所述吸附剂用于生产包含所述吸附剂的包装材料或容器的用途、生产所述包装材料或容器的方法以及相应的包装材料和容器。

Description

吸附剂和包装材料
本发明涉及适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂、所述吸附剂用于生产包含所述吸附剂的包装材料或容器的用途、所述包装材料或容器的生产方法以及相应的包装材料和容器。
在从再生纸制造卡纸板时,新闻纸被用作原材料之一。大多数常规使用的报纸油墨含有矿物油。由于它们不能在回收过程中被移除到足够的程度,故它们存在于由再生卡纸板制成的食品包装中。其他可能的污染途径有来自食品加工厂的润滑剂、收集机器或矿物油的废气,其在制造或包装工艺过程中用作润滑剂或脱模剂。检测到的矿物油混合物由饱和烃和芳烃组成。
饱和烃为开链和环状饱和烃(MOSH)。缩写MOSH代表“矿物油饱和烃”。芳烃被称为MOAH,即“矿物油芳烃”。MOAH由主要是烷基化芳烃的复杂混合物组成。
在具有大表面的干食品如面粉、粗粒小麦粉(semolina)、大米、面包屑和早餐谷物的情况下,食品尤其可能被来自包装的矿物油所污染(European Food Research andTechnology Vol.232,Number 1,175-182)。然而,在其他食品如巧克力中也发现了MOSH和MOAH化合物。
短链饱和烃(MOSH)会被身体吸收并可沉积和积聚在某些器官中。从动物实验研究已知,这样的矿物油混合物可导致在肝脏和淋巴结中的积聚及对肝脏和淋巴结的损伤(EFSA Journal 2012;10(6):2704)。印刷颜色中物质混合物的精确组成,尤其是含有芳烃(MOAH)的级分,是未知的。构成MOAH级分的主要为烷基化芳烃的复杂混合物包括致癌物质。
防止食物产品的MOSH和MOAH污染的一种途径是使用基于原生纤维的纸或卡纸板,然而,鉴于自然资源的可持续管理,这是不可取的。另一选择是使用无矿物油的印刷颜色,这将大大增加初始纸/卡纸板材料的生产成本并还可能需要立法机关的一般规定。
第三种选择是在包装的结构中实施功能屏障。到目前为止,已测试了由铝、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、金属化或涂覆的聚合物膜或者含有聚酰胺或乙烯-乙烯醇层的多层膜组成的内袋形式的功能屏障结构。已发现,铝和合适的塑料基的袋使迁移率保持低于0.2-0.5mg/kg食品的检测限(EFSA Journal 2012;10(6):2704),然而,这种形式的额外包装的实施将大大增加生产成本并且出于环境原因是不可取的。另外,一些内袋直到相应食物产品的保质期结束才起到有效的屏障作用。
在DE 10 2011 105761中,活性炭被整合到卡纸板中并起到过滤材料的作用以防止MOSH和MOAH化合物向食物产品中的主动迁移。活性炭的一大缺点是粉尘爆炸和可燃性的高风险,这需要精细且昂贵的安全规定。另外,活性炭会导致包装材料变黑和因此变色并限制回收选择。
因此,需要一种价格低廉且可易于整合到包装材料中但对MOSH和MOAH化合物也显示出优异且长期的屏障功能的材料。
因此,本发明的发明人已着手于开发一种材料的任务,该材料可被整合在包装材料中以减少或甚至避免MOSH和MOAH化合物向食物产品中的迁移。该任务通过适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂实现,其特征在于:
(i)比表面积为140至700m2/g;和/或
(ii)20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.1至1.2ml/g;和/或
(iii)总孔隙体积为0.25至1.2ml/g。
本发明的材料还提供了以下益处:其可易于整合到标准纸和卡纸板生产工艺中而不大幅增加生产成本并提供优异的回收机会。
在本发明中,术语“适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂”(以下也称“吸附剂”)涉及能够可逆或不可逆地结合此类化合物的任何物质。其它“适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂”是指能够将来自气体、液体或溶解固体的原子、离子或分子粘附到其表面的任何物质。吸附是一种基于表面的过程。在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,吸附剂选自膨润土、绿坡缕石、皂石、海泡石、混合层皂石/蜡蛇纹石(kerolite)、天然和合成硅酸铝及它们的混合物。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,吸附剂为酸活化的吸附剂。酸活化的方法是本领域技术人员公知的并优选通过使吸附剂与HCl、H2SO4或有机酸如柠檬酸接触来进行,特别优选通过向吸附剂上喷射3至5重量%酸的水溶液来进行。
在本发明中,称为“MOSH”的化合物为开链和环状饱和烃(MOSH)并包含石蜡和环烷烃。称为“MOAH”的化合物包括本领域技术人员称为烷基化芳烃的任何化合物。它们或者直接源自矿物油或者源自精炼过程中芳族化合物的水合。
在本发明中,术语和测定方法“比表面积”已在实施例1中说明。任何特征在于比表面积为140至700m2/g的吸附剂应理解为适于根据本发明吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,其中优选180至650的比表面积,特别优选190至630m2/g的比表面积,进一步优选200至600m2/g的比表面积,其中最优选210至550m2/g的比表面积。
在本发明中,术语和测定方法“20至的孔隙的孔隙体积”已在实施例1中说明。任何特征在于20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.10至1.20ml/g的吸附剂应理解为适于根据本发明吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,其中优选20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.20至1.20ml/g,特别优选20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.22至1.15ml/g,进一步优选20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.24至1.10ml/g或20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.24至1.00ml/g,其中最优选20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.24至0.90ml/g。
在本发明中,术语和测定方法“总孔隙体积”已在实施例1中说明。任何特征在于总孔隙体积为0.25至1.20ml/g的吸附剂应理解为适于根据本发明吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,其中优选总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g,特别优选总孔隙体积为0.30至1.00ml/g,进一步优选总孔隙体积为0.35至0.98ml/g或总孔隙体积为0.40至0.90ml/g,其中最优选总孔隙体积为0.40至0.80ml/g。
优选的吸附剂特征在于比表面积为140至700m2/g,20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.10至1.20ml/g,总孔隙体积为0.25至1.20ml/g。
更优选的吸附剂特征在于比表面积为180至650m2/g、20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.20至1.20ml/g、总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g。
特别优选的吸附剂特征在于比表面积为190至630m2/g、20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.22至1.15ml/g、总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g。
进一步优选的吸附剂特征在于比表面积为200至600m2/g、20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.22至1.15ml/g、总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g。
还优选的吸附剂特征在于比表面积为200至600m2/g、20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.24至1.10ml/g、总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g。
甚至更优选的吸附剂特征在于比表面积为210至550m2/g、20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.22至1.15ml/g、总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g。
最优选的吸附剂特征在于比表面积为210至550m2/g、20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.22至1.15ml/g、总孔隙体积为0.30至1.00ml/g。
在本发明中,术语和测定方法“湿筛残渣”(wet sieve residue)已在实施例1中说明。任何特征在于90%至100%的湿筛残渣小于53μm的吸附剂应理解为适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,其中优选95%至100%的湿筛残渣小于53μm,最优选98%至100%的湿筛残渣小于53μm。进一步优选95%至100%的湿筛残渣小于45μm,特别优选95%至100%的湿筛残渣小于25μm。
在本发明中,术语和测定方法“含水量”已在实施例1中说明。任何特征在于含水量为5至30重量%的吸附剂应理解为适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,其中优选8至25重量%的含水量,最优选10至20重量%的含水量。
在本发明中,术语和测定方法“溶胀能力”已在实施例1中说明。任何特征在于溶胀能力小于15ml/2g的吸附剂应理解为适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂。优选溶胀能力小于10ml/2g。
本发明的另一方面涉及包含至少一种如本申请中所定义的吸附剂的包装材料。术语“包装材料”是本领域技术人员已知的并且是指适于封闭或保护产品以便分配、贮存、销售和使用的任何材料。在本发明中,术语“包装材料”特别是指适于生产用于食物产品的容器和包装、特别是生产用于干食物产品的包装和容器的任何纸、衬板、纸板或卡纸板或瓦楞卡纸板材料。
在本发明中,术语“纸”是指通过将源自木材、碎布或草的纤维素浆的湿纤维压制在一起并将它们干燥成柔性片材而产生的薄材料。
在本发明中,“卡纸板”(或“纸板”)为基于厚纸的材料,根据ISO标准,克重高于224g/m2
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,包装材料为多层材料并包含至少两层材料,优选2至10层、进一步优选2至8层、最优选2至5层卡纸板、纸板和/或纸材料。包装材料还可包含不同材料的层和/或涂层,如铝或塑料或蜡材料。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,包装材料包含至少一个包含如本申请中所定义的吸附剂的层和至少一个由再生或非再生纸、再生或非再生纸板或再生或非再生卡纸板材料制成或者包含再生或非再生纸、再生或非再生纸板或再生或非再生卡纸板材料的层。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,包含所述至少一种吸附剂的层包含1至25重量%的所述至少一种吸附剂,优选2至20重量%,进一步优选5至16重量%,最优选6至15重量%(相对于纤维材料的重量)。
在另一个特别优选的实施方案中,包装材料包含至少一个层,其中所述至少一个层包含再生纸和/或卡纸板材料和至少一种如本发明中所定义的吸附剂。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,包含所述至少一种吸附剂的层包含0.001至3重量%的助留剂。在本发明中,术语“助留剂”是指在造纸机的湿端中添加以改善纸的形成过程中纤维、细颗粒和填料的保留的任何物质。助留剂也可用来改善其他造纸化学品、包括施胶剂和淀粉的保留。用作助留剂的典型化学品有聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(polydadmac)。减少所需助留剂的量是有利的,因为许多这些化合物会对环境产生负面影响并且它们还会提高包装材料的总生产成本。本发明吸附剂的又一个益处在于——尽管具有高表面积——保证顺利生产和高质量纸或纸板材料所需的助留剂的量可保持在恒定水平并且不增加。助留剂的用量可因此限制在0.001至3重量%或0.001至2重量%,甚至0.01至1.5重量%(相对于纤维和吸附剂材料的重量)。
本发明的再一方面涉及一种容器,其包含如本申请中所定义的包装材料。
在一个优选的实施方案中,包装材料的所述至少一个包含所述至少一种吸附剂的层位于容器的内部和所述至少一个包含再生纸的层之间,和/或所述至少一种吸附剂与再生纸位于同一层中。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,容器为用于食物或饲料产品的容器,优选干食物产品,例如但不限于面条、面粉、淀粉或豆类蔬菜、干乳制品或甜食如巧克力。
本发明的另一方面涉及本发明的吸附剂用于制造如本申请中所定义的包装材料或如本申请中所定义的容器的用途。
本发明的另一方面涉及生产包装材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供纤维材料和水的浆料;
(b)添加1至25重量%的至少一种如权利要求1至6中任一项所定义的吸附剂;
(c)排出浆料;
(d)干燥所排出的浆料。
本发明中使用的术语“浆料”因此应理解为包括任何包含至少一种呈液体形式的组分并包含0.01至40重量%的至少一种固体的组合物。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述至少一种吸附剂以固体含量为15至35重量%、100rpm下Brookfield粘度为约1000mPas的浆料的形式添加。“添加”可根据本领域技术人员已知的适合于本发明目的的任何方法进行。
本发明中使用的术语“排出”应理解为包括本领域技术人员已知的适合于本发明方法的任何方法,如通过使用土工织物或筛子进行排出。
本发明中使用的术语“干燥”应理解为包括本领域技术人员已知的适合于本发明方法的任何方法,如通过使用经加热的圆筒或干燥圆筒进行干燥。
下文中描述了本发明方法的特别优选的实施方案,其不应理解为在任何方面限制本发明。应理解,不管以下特别优选的实施方案是怎样的,前面定义的特征的任何组合都在本发明的范围内。
特别优选的实施方案1
适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,特征在于:
(i)比表面积为180至650m2/g;和/或
(ii)20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.20至1.20ml/g;和/或
(iii)总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g。
特别优选的实施方案2
适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,特征在于:
(i)比表面积为180至650m2/g;和/或
(ii)20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.20至1.20ml/g;和/或
(iii)总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g,
特征还在于,90%至100%的湿筛残渣小于53μm,含水量为5至30重量%,溶胀能力小于15ml/2g。
特别优选的实施方案3
适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,特征在于:
(i)比表面积为210至550m2/g;和/或
(ii)20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.22至1.15ml/g;和/或
(iii)总孔隙体积为0.25至1.10ml/g,
特征还在于,90%至100%的湿筛残渣小于53μm,含水量为5至30重量%,溶胀能力小于15ml/2g。
特别优选的实施方案4
适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,特征在于:
(i)比表面积为190至630m2/g;和/或
(ii)20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.22至1.15ml/g;和/或
(iii)总孔隙体积为0.35至0.98ml/g,
特征还在于,90%至100%的湿筛残渣小于53μm,含水量为5至30重量%,溶胀能力小于15ml/2g。
特别优选的实施方案5
包含至少一个层的包装材料,其中所述至少一个层包含再生纸和/或卡纸板材料和至少一种如特别优选的实施方案1、2、3或4中任一项所定义的吸附剂。
特别优选的实施方案6
包含至少两层卡纸板材料和/或纸的包装材料,其中所述层中的至少之一包含至少一种如特别优选的实施方案1、2、3或4中任一项所定义的吸附剂并且至少一个层包含再生纸和/或卡纸板材料。
特别优选的实施方案7
如特别优选的实施方案5或6中所定义的包装材料,其还包含0.001至3重量%(相对于纤维和吸附剂材料的重量)的助留剂。
特别优选的实施方案8
包含如特别优选的实施方案5、6或7中所定义的包装材料的容器,其中包装材料的所述至少一个包含所述至少一种吸附剂的层位于容器的内部和所述至少一个包含再生纸和/或卡纸板材料的层之间。
特别优选的实施方案9
如特别优选的实施方案1、2、3或4中任一项所定义的吸附剂用于生产如特别优选的实施方案5、6或7中所定义的包装材料或如特别优选的实施方案8中所定义的容器的用途。
特别优选的实施方案10
用于生产包装材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供纤维材料和水的浆料;
(b)添加1至25重量%的至少一种如特别优选的实施方案1、2、3或4中任一项所定义的吸附剂和0.001至3重量%(相对于纤维和吸附剂材料的重量)的助留剂;
(c)排出浆料;
(d)干燥所排出的浆料,
其中所述至少一种吸附剂以固体含量为15至35重量%、100rpm下Brookfield粘度为1000mPas的浆料的形式添加。
实施例
现在通过以下实施例和附图描述本发明。实施例和附图仅出于示意的目的而不应理解为限制本发明。
附图列表
图1示出了瓦楞卡纸板,其包含5个卡纸板材料的层((1),(2),(3),(4),(5))和一个具有额外含量的本发明吸附剂的层(5)。
图2示出了瓦楞卡纸板,其包含3个卡纸板材料的层((6),(7),(8))和一个具有额外含量的本发明吸附剂的层(8)。
图3示出了平卡纸板,其包含4个卡纸板材料的层((9),(10),(11),(12))和一个具有额外含量的本发明吸附剂的层(11)。
实施例1:吸附剂的表征及MOSH和MOAH吸附容量的测定
测定MOSH和MOAH吸附容量的测试如下进行:
使用由用于烃的玻璃贮存容器组成的迁移池,其顶部装配有细金属织物。另外的玻璃盖允许迁移池的气密封闭。
贮存容器用作合成的MOSH/MOAH混合物的储存器,该混合物由Gravex、Total和Edwards公司的矿物油的混合物组成,其MOSH/MOAH比率为80/20。对于实验,称取2.00+/-0.01g烃混合物到储存器中。将金属织物置于储存器上并将1.00+/-0.01g吸附剂均匀分布在织物上。用玻璃盖封闭迁移池并在60℃/大气压下贮存16小时。在这些条件下,烃以气体形式缓慢地移动通过织物并到吸附剂上。
在贮存时间后,将吸附剂定量转移到玻璃烧杯中,加入100ml正己烷(无水正己烷,Sigma-Aldrich)并通过在室温下振摇烧杯2小时来从吸附剂提取烃。通过过滤从吸附剂分离正己烷溶液,并根据德国Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung(BfR)以标题“Bestimmung von Kohlenwasserstoffen aus (MOSH und MOAH)oderKunststoffen(POSH,PAO)in Verpackungsmaterialien und trockenen Lebensmittelnmittels Festphasenextraktion und GC-FID”于2012年4月5日描述和出版的方法分析提取物。该方法的原理是用硝酸银掺杂的硅胶柱将提取物分离成MOSH和MOAH级分并借助气相色谱/火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)对其进行定量测定。双重测定的结果以mg MOSH/MOAH每kg吸附剂记录。
53μm的湿筛残渣如下测定:
在以930rpm搅拌(Pendraulik LD 50搅拌器)下于2分钟内向1500g自来水中加入100g烘箱干燥颜料。以1865rpm继续搅拌18分钟。然后将悬浮液转移到53μm筛子(直径200mm)上并通过流动的自来水在温和敲击下洗涤直至洗涤水澄清。其后将筛子置于超声波浴中达5分钟以破坏颜料附聚体,并再次用自来水洗涤直至洗涤水完全澄清。将带残渣的筛子在干燥箱中干燥直至重量恒定。通过刷子将残渣转移到托盘上并在分析天平上称重。残渣的重量(以克计)对应于其百分数。
含水量如下测定:
称取10g吸附剂到铝托盘上并在干燥箱中于130℃下干燥90分钟至恒重。将样品在干燥器中冷却至室温并在分析天平上测量重量。
含水量(%)=干燥前重量-干燥后重量×10
比表面积如下测定:
用Micrometrics的ASAP 2020型自动氮孔隙率仪通过BET法(使用氮气的单点法,根据DIN 66131)测量比表面积。
孔隙体积如下测定:
在Micromeritics的ASAP 2020(加速表面积和孔隙率测量系统)中根据BJH法(E.P.Barett,L.G.Joyner,P.P.Hienda,J.Am.Chem.Soc.73(1951)373)测量孔隙体积,其在液氮温度(-196℃)下使用氮气并增加氮气分压以覆盖表面和填充颜料/吸附剂的孔隙。测量之前,样品(0.5至1.0g)通过在样品管中于真空下加热至250℃达20小时来完全脱气。冷却至室温后,对包含样品的管称重(以精确测定样品重量)并插入分析仪中。在用液氮冷却至-196℃后,开始用氮气吹扫,而逐步增加分压P/Po直至接近1以保证所有孔隙都被氮填充。系统的软件在减小的孔隙直径范围(2500至约10埃)上记录相应的增量孔隙体积(cm3/g)。将这些增量值加到样品的总孔隙体积中。通过将孔隙直径为500和之间的增量孔隙体积相加来计算中孔的孔隙体积。根据BJH计算平均孔隙直径,单位为埃。
溶胀能力如下测定:
在标有刻度的100ml量筒中装入100ml蒸馏水。用刮刀以0.1至0.2g的小份缓慢加入2.0g颜料。每次加入后,等待颜料沉入圆筒底部,然后继续程序。终止加入后,让颜料溶胀1小时——然后以ml记录溶胀颜料的体积。以ml/2g记录溶胀体积(1小时)。
出于测试目的,将所有吸附剂调节至低于2%的湿筛残渣为53μm且含水量为8至12%。根据本发明的吸附剂(编号4至9)提供比对比例1至3更高的比表面积和总孔隙体积。
表1示出了根据本发明的吸附剂(编号4至9)和现有技术吸附剂(编号1至3)基于所测量参数(参见上文)的比较。
表1:吸附剂的表征
表2的结果显示,高的中孔(20至)和总孔隙体积以及高的比表面积对于吸附剂的性能是必需的。
表2:MOSH/MOAH的吸附
根据本发明的吸附剂显示出MOSH/MOAH-级分<C 25的高吸附。考虑到所应用的测试方法,主要是C 25以下的更具挥发性的烃被流通和因此被吸附。因此,实施例1中未测定C25和C 35之间的级分。然而,考虑到本发明要解决的问题,仅C25以下的级分主要与实际应用相关,因为它们易于从包装材料迁移到产品中。
根据本发明的吸附剂(4至9)每kg吸附剂吸附629和878mg之间的MOSH<C 25,而对比例(1至3)每kg能够吸附360至478mg MOSH<C 25。对于MOAH<C 25,情形类似,其中根据本发明的吸附剂(4至9)能够结合35至61mg/kg,而对比例(1至3)能够结合32至35mg/kg。
实施例2:吸附剂在纸中的性能
纸页的制备
实施例2中证实,实施例1中示出的吸附剂对MOSH/MOAH的良好吸附率在将吸附剂掺入到纸体中后得以保持。本领域众所周知的一个问题是,纸张生产所必需的组分(具有高比表面积的纸填料)常常对助留剂有着高需求,因此吸附剂的比表面和孔隙体积可能随着孔隙被这些化学品堵塞而减小。本发明的吸附剂没有显示出这个问题。
应用以下条件在Rapid-纸页成形器中制备纸页:
纸浆:来自德国卡纸板厂的混合再生纤维
密度:用工厂白水稀释至1%的固体含量
絮凝剂:Gilufloc 40H(聚氯化铝,BK Giulini,40%固体)剂量5kg telquel/mton纸浆
助留剂:Polymin SK(高分子量聚乙烯亚胺,BASF,固体25%)剂量2kg dry/mton纸浆
吸附剂:以30%固体分散在水中;备注:对于膨润土,由于高的颜料粘度,仅可达到15%固体。剂量:纸浆的10%和20%
程序:对于每个试验,用工厂白水新鲜制备纸浆至1%的固体含量。在400rpm的搅拌下,化学品的投配顺序是PAC/吸附剂/助留剂,在每次投配后搅拌时间为1分钟。其后,在Rapid-纸页成形器上以200g/m2(198和202.5g/m2之间)的克数形成直径为20cm的圆形纸页。对纸页进行表征并用来测定MOSH/MOAH吸附/保留潜能。遵循相同的程序但不添加吸附剂来制备基准纸页。
纸张重量的测定
将直径为20cm的圆形纸页在110℃的干燥箱中干燥2至3分钟,然后在分析天平上称重。
纸张重量(g/m2)按:
纸页重量(g)/0,12xπm2计算
灰分含量
在Greiner and Gassner GmbH的焚烧管中在高达1100℃的温度下于纯氧气氛中(焚烧时间5分钟)测量灰分含量并以纸质量的%表示。其中掺入了吸附剂的纸页与无吸附剂的基准之间的灰分含量差异直接给出保留在纸页中的吸附剂的量。
MOSH/MOAH迁移的测定
使用简单的迁移池,其由不锈钢底板组成,底板上放置有内径为10cm、高1cm的不锈钢环。用另一块与底板相同尺寸的不锈钢板覆盖池。将待测量的纸页(圆形,直径为10cm)放在底板上并覆盖以粗粒小麦粉,粗粒小麦粉用来模拟与纸接触的食物。在用顶板将池封闭后,用顶板覆盖池并在60℃下贮存5天。
使用的纸/粗粒小麦粉比率:
测量面积:πx半径2=3.14x 0.5dm2=0.785dm2
纸:200g/m2=200g/100dm2=2g/dm2
粗粒小麦粉:8.6g在0.785dm2上,对应于11g/dm2
在贮存时间后,将粗粒小麦粉完全转移到玻璃烧杯中,加入250ml正己烷(无水,Sigma-Aldrich)并通过在室温下振摇烧杯2小时来提取MOSH/MOAH。通过过滤与粗粒小麦粉分离后,按照上述BfR-研究所的方法分析MOSH和MOAH。以μg/kg记录MOSH/MOAH值。
表3示出了克重为200+/-2.5g/m2的测试纸页。未添加吸附剂的基准的灰分含量记录为25.0%。针对10%和20%的掺入水平计算吸附剂的剂量。如从表3可见,实现了7.0至7.5%(“剂量10%”)和13.5至14.5%(“剂量20%”)的掺入水平,这对应于约70%的良好填料保留。
表3:测试纸页的表征
表4总结了吸附剂对MOSH和MOAH从再生纸向粗粒小麦粉中的迁移的影响。在基准试验(编号1)中,在贮存时间后检测到80μg/g的MOSH和27μg/g的MOAH,总共107μg/g。吸附剂的掺入通过吸附和固定减少了MOSH和MOAH的迁移。
表4:MOSH/MOAH的迁移
由于高掺入率(大于20%)的具有高比表面积的吸附剂会损害纸张强度和/或需要非常高的化学品(助留剂、施胶剂)使用量,故本发明的吸附剂的特别优势在于可分别在14.5%的掺入率下实现高达93%的(MOSH和MOAH迁移,所有级分)显著减少和在7.5%的掺入率下实现77%的显著减少。

Claims (15)

1.一种适于吸附MOAH和/或MOSH化合物的吸附剂,其特征在于
(i)比表面积为140至700m2/g;和/或
(ii)20至的孔隙的孔隙体积为0.1至1.2ml/g;和/或
(iii)总孔隙体积为0.25至1.2ml/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸附剂,其特征还在于90%至100%的湿筛残渣小于53μm。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸附剂,其特征在于含水量为5至30重量%。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸附剂,其特征在于溶胀能力小于15ml/2g。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸附剂,其选自膨润土、绿坡缕石、皂石、海泡石、混合层皂石/蜡蛇纹石、天然和合成硅酸铝及它们的混合物。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸附剂,其中所述吸附剂为酸活化的吸附剂。
7.包含至少一种根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的吸附剂的包装材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的包装材料,所述包装材料包含至少一种选自纸或卡纸板材料的组分。
9.根据权利要求7或8中任一项所述的包装材料,所述包装材料包含至少两层卡纸板材料和/或纸。
10.根据权利要求9所述的包装材料,其中所述层中的至少之一包含至少一种根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的吸附剂,并且至少一个层包含再生纸或卡纸板材料。
11.包含根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的包装材料的容器。
12.根据权利要求11所述的容器,其中所述包装材料的所述至少一个包含所述至少一种吸附剂的层位于所述容器的内部和所述至少一个包含所述再生纸和/或卡纸板材料的层之间。
13.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的吸附剂用于生产根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的包装材料或者根据权利要求11或12中任一项所述的容器的用途。
14.一种用于生产包装材料的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供纤维材料和水的浆料;
(b)添加1至25重量%的至少一种根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的吸附剂;
(c)排出所述浆料;
(d)干燥所排出的浆料。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述至少一种吸附剂以固体含量为15至35重量%、100rpm下Brookfield粘度为1000mPas的浆料的形式添加。
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