CN110570045A - rose map layout method for heliostat field of tower-type solar thermal power station - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rose diagram layout method for heliostat fields of a tower-type solar thermal power station, belongs to the field of the heliostat fields of a tower-type solar thermal power generation system, and aims to solve the problems that the freedom of the existing circularly staggered heliostat fields is limited, each heliostat is not arranged at the respective optimal position of the heliostat fields, and the heliostat fields are not optimally arranged. The method comprises the following steps: step one, establishing a coordinate system by taking a receiving tower as an original point and setting a dense circular staggered mirror field; step two, dividing the dense circular staggered mirror field into k fan-shaped areas, wherein the central angles of the fan-shaped areas are alpha1,α2...αk(ii) a Step three, independently optimizing the most dense circular staggered mirror fields in each sector area to achieve highest comprehensive light efficiency, wherein the optimization is carried out on the radius of each row of heliostats in any sector areaand (6) adjusting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of a heliostat field of a tower type solar thermal power generation system, and relates to a heliostat field arrangement method.
Background
solar energy has received a great deal of attention as a renewable clean energy source. The tower type solar thermal power generation technology becomes the main direction of future large-scale application of the photo-thermal industry due to the advantages of high heat collection efficiency, high thermal conversion efficiency, high system comprehensive efficiency, large cost reduction space, suitability for large-scale application and the like.
In a tower solar power station, a heliostat reflects and transmits solar rays to an energy absorption tower for solar power generation. The arrangement mode of a plurality of day mirrors in the heliostat field is an important factor influencing the power generation efficiency and the investment cost. The existing heliostat field arrangement modes at present mainly comprise two types:
The first major category: without being limited to a particular pattern, each heliostat is placed in its most efficient position on the principle of maximum efficiency, but considering the thousands of heliostats in the field, this greedy-based selection approach tends to be computationally expensive and does not take into account the path that should be taken for clean maintenance of the field.
The second major category: the layout of the heliostats is carried out according to certain arrangement with specific geometric characteristics, such as circular staggered arrangement, radial arrangement, bionic spiral arrangement, leaf sequence-like arrangement and the like, the regular arrangement mode adopts a few parameters to represent the arrangement of the whole mirror field, and the number of the parameters to be optimized is much less than that of the first class, so that the heliostat layout is more suitable for the actual calculation requirement. The circularly staggered mirror field in the second main category is widely used because of its simplicity and ease of operation. The circular staggered mirror field is a layout formed after radial adjustment is carried out on the basis of the densest circular staggered mirror field, the densest circular staggered mirror field has the highest cosine efficiency, the highest atmospheric attenuation efficiency and the highest overflow efficiency, but the shadow shielding efficiency is the lowest at the moment, so the overall comprehensive optical efficiency of the heliostat field is not high. In order to improve the comprehensive optical efficiency of the mirror field, the radial distance between rows of heliostats needs to be enlarged on the basis of the densest mirror field to reduce the influence of shadow shielding, and the comprehensive optical efficiency of the densest mirror field is greatly improved after the radial distance is enlarged and adjusted.
The arrangement of the most dense circular staggered mirror field is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, mirrors in odd rows and even rows are staggered, the radial distance between every two rows is equal, generally, three regions (regions i, II and iii) are divided from inside to outside along the radial direction, heliostats are arranged from the region i close to one side of the receiving tower, when the distance between two circumferentially adjacent heliostats is enough to place the next heliostat, the mirror arrangement of the region is completed, the arrangement of the next region is started, the most dense circular staggered mirror field is arranged according to the method, and then the most dense circular staggered mirror field is optimized by using the currently disclosed intelligent algorithm, so that the maximum comprehensive optical efficiency is achieved. The intelligent algorithms involved include Genetic algorithms (Genetic Algorithm: GA), evolution strategies (evolution Strategy: ES), Particle Swarm algorithms (Particle Swarm Optimization: PSO), differential evolution algorithms (DE), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and so forth. The core control system of the algorithms is to calculate the comprehensive optical efficiency by combining local sunlight data and taking the coordinates of all heliostats as input quantities, calculate the radially outward adjustment position of each row of heliostats when the comprehensive optical efficiency is highest in an iterative mode, and form a circular staggered mirror field after adjustment as shown in fig. 3. The radial adjustment of the most dense circular staggered mirror field by the algorithms is characterized in that: the heliostat positions in any row are uniformly moved radially outward, and the adjustment has the following disadvantages: due to the difference of illumination angles, all heliostats in the same row cannot achieve better comprehensive optical efficiency by radial adjustment according to a thought, namely the arrangement of the heliostats is limited to the characteristics of an integral arrangement mode, the freedom of arrangement is greatly limited, and each heliostat is not arranged at the respective optimal position, so that the obtained result is not the optimal arrangement.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the freedom of the existing circular staggered mirror field is limited, each heliostat is not arranged at the respective optimal position, and the optimal layout is not realized, and provides a rose diagram layout method for the heliostat field of a tower type solar thermal power station.
The invention relates to a rose diagram layout method of a heliostat field of a tower type solar thermal power station, which comprises the following steps:
Step one, establishing a coordinate system by taking a receiving tower as an original point and setting a dense circular staggered mirror field;
step two, dividing the dense circular staggered mirror field into k fan-shaped areas, wherein the central angles of the fan-shaped areas are alpha1,α2...αk；
and step three, independently optimizing the most dense circular staggered mirror fields in each sector area to achieve the highest comprehensive light efficiency, wherein the optimization is to adjust the radius of each row of heliostats in any sector area.
Preferably, k is 6, and is arranged clockwise from the x + axis, and the central angles of the sector regions are 45 °, 90 °, 45 °, 90 °, and 45 °, respectively.
Preferably, k is 8, and the central angle of each sector is 45 ° from the y + axis.
Preferably, the third step further includes independently optimizing the densest circular staggered mirror field in each sector region by using an intelligent algorithm, wherein the intelligent algorithm is a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm or a differential evolution algorithm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method divides the initial dense circular staggered mirror field into a plurality of sectors, the number of the sectors and the size of the central angle corresponding to each sector are influenced by the latitude and the altitude of the power station and the characteristics of the solar radiation in one year, and the method is determined by technicians in the field according to actual conditions and is not limited to be divided into a plurality of sectors. Within each sector, each row of radii of the heliostats (i.e., the linear distance of the heliostat from the central receiving tower at the same height) is optimized independently, and each row of radii is influenced by the optical efficiency component of the heliostat (cosine efficiency, atmospheric attenuation efficiency, interception efficiency, shadow shielding efficiency). Thus, the problem to be optimized is changed into a high-dimensional problem, the radius of each row of heliostats in each sector is optimized by an intelligent optimization algorithm, the radius of each row is increased within a set range according to the principle of enabling the total comprehensive optical efficiency of the mirror field to be the highest, and the increment of each row of radii in each sector in the final mirror field arrangement is different, so that the whole mirror field presents a layout similar to a rose diagram.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the spatial distribution of the most dense circular staggered mirror field;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the most dense circular staggered mirror field; in the figure, each horizontal line represents a heliostat, and the heliostat is distributed in three areas (I, II and III areas), wherein the heliostat is arranged in 3 rows in the I area and 16 surfaces in each row; heliostat of 4 rows and 32 surfaces of each row in the II area; 6 rows of 64-surface heliostats in each row of the III region;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a circular staggered mirror field optimized based on the densest circular staggered mirror field of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a division of the most dense circular interlaced mirror field into a plurality of sector-shaped regions;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the most dense circular staggered mirror field equally divided into 8 sectors, showing only the I, II, III regions, with no specific heliostats shown;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the method of the present invention after radial adjustment of the most dense circular staggered mirror field, showing only the I, II, III zones, not showing specific heliostats;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a most dense circular staggered mirror field radially adjusted using the method of the present invention, showing a specific heliostat.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
In the first embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and the method for laying out a rose diagram of a heliostat field of a tower-type solar thermal power plant according to the present embodiment includes the following steps:
Step one, establishing a coordinate system by taking a receiving tower as an original point and setting a dense circular staggered mirror field;
And establishing a coordinate system with the receiving tower as an origin, wherein the positive direction of the y axis points to the positive north direction, and the positive direction of the x axis points to the positive east direction.
the process of setting the most dense circular staggered mirror field is prior art, and this embodiment presents a common approach:
Radius R from receiving tower1The heliostats of the I area are arranged at the beginning, and the heliostats of odd and even rows are staggered to reduce the shadow shielding of the rows. Three areas are divided in total along the radial direction: and the I, II and III areas are arranged in the II area and then in the III area after the arrangement of multiple rows of heliostats in the I area is finished.
several parameters involved in the layout process are:
The heliostat has a characteristic length ofWherein LW is heliostat width and LH is heliostat height;
to avoid mechanical impact, the minimum radial spacing between the centers of two adjacent rows of heliostats is Δ RminThe radial spacing of the heliostats between two adjacent rows in the initial circular staggered mirror field is this minimum radial spacing. The radius of the first row of the I-th region mirror field is R1，R1Ht is the height of the receiving tower, and σ is the coefficient of proportionality of the tower height to the first row radius (typically 0.75).
The angular spacing between two circumferentially adjacent heliostats of the first row can be calculated by the following formula:
The angular separation of adjacent heliostats in each row in zone I is equal to this value.
The number of heliostats in the first row in the I-th region can be calculated by the following formula:
Nhel1＝2π/Δaz1＝2πR1/dm。
the azimuthal spacing (in meters) between adjacent heliostats in the same row will gradually increase with increasing row radius. When we can place an additional heliostat between two adjacent heliostats in the same row, this zone is completed and the next zone is turned on.
then the angular spacing between each row of adjacent heliostats in zone II is: Δ az2＝Δaz1/2；
The radius of the first row in the II-th region can then be calculated as
Since the radial increment between successive rows remains constant (Δ R) throughout the regionmin) Thus, the number of rows N in each region can be derived from the following equationrows。
for the I-th region, there are Nrows1＝(R2-R1)/ΔRmin＝R1/ΔRmin≈round(R1/ΔRmin)
The number of rows of heliostats in the second area is as follows:
Nrows2＝(R3-R2)/ΔRmin＝2·R1/ΔRmin
The number of rows of heliostats in the third area is as follows:
Nrows3＝(R4-R3)/ΔRmin＝4·R1/ΔRmin
similarly we can calculate the angular separation between adjacent heliostats in each row of zone III:
Δaz3＝Δaz1/4
The radius of the first row of the III region is:
The heliostat field is designed to improve the efficiency of the field as much as possible. The efficiency of each heliostat in the field is obtained by multiplying the five parts of the rest chord efficiency, the specular reflectivity, the atmospheric transmittance, the receiver overflow efficiency and the shadow shielding effective utilization rate. The specular reflectivity is a constant depending on the material structure of the heliostat, and other efficiencies are affected by factors such as the specific arrangement of the heliostat field, the size of the receiver, and tracking errors of the heliostat, and are not particularly expanded here.
The prior art described above provides the most dense circular staggered mirror field as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Step two, dividing the dense circular staggered mirror field into k fan-shaped areas, wherein the central angles of the fan-shaped areas are alpha1,α2...αk；
Because the illumination conditions of various regions are different, the sun rise and the sun fall of each day cause that the illumination angles of the heliostats arranged in different directions are different, in order to better arrange all the heliostats to the optimal position, a circumference of 360 degrees is divided into k fan-shaped areas, the central angles of the fan-shaped areas can be the same or different, and the dividing number is properly selected according to the local sunlight conditions and the accuracy requirement to be achieved.
And step three, independently optimizing the most dense circular staggered mirror fields in each sector area to achieve the highest comprehensive light efficiency, wherein the optimization is to adjust the radius of each row of heliostats in any sector area.
The third step further comprises the step of independently optimizing the densest circular staggered mirror field in each sector area by adopting an intelligent algorithm, wherein the intelligent algorithm is a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm or a differential evolution algorithm.
In the prior art, the circular staggered heliostat field performs overall radial adjustment on each row of heliostats, and in the embodiment, the radial adjustment is only performed on each row of heliostats within the coverage range of the central angle of the sector, and the sun light in the direction is different from other directions, so that the radius adjustment results of all rows of heliostats in different final sector areas are different, that is, the heliostats can be adjusted to the optimal position as far as possible, so as to obtain the maximized comprehensive optical efficiency.
this is explained below with reference to a specific embodiment.
The height of the receiving tower is 116.7m, the size of the adopted heliostat is 12.3m multiplied by 9.75m, and the first row radius R of the densest round staggered mirror field is obtained according to the formula given above187.5m, the characteristic length dm of the heliostat is 15.7m, the heliostat field is divided into three areas which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the number N of heliostats in each row of the I-th areahel135, region II Nhel270, III-th region Nhel3140; zone I has 6 rows of heliostats, zone II has 12 rows, and zone III has 25 rows. Based on the idea of rose diagram layout sectorization, the embodiment equally divides the densest round staggered mirror field into 8 sectors, and the central angle of each sector is 45 degrees. The heliostat radii in the sectors are independently optimized by an intelligent algorithm recorded in the prior art, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the mirror field is calculated, the optimal value of each row of radii can be obtained by the intelligent optimization algorithm, and the optimized mirror field arrangement is shown in figure 7.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A rose diagram layout method for a heliostat field of a tower-type solar thermal power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one, establishing a coordinate system by taking a receiving tower as an original point and setting a dense circular staggered mirror field;
Step two, dividing the dense circular staggered mirror field into k fan-shaped areas, wherein the central angles of the fan-shaped areas are alpha1,α2...αk；
And step three, independently optimizing the most dense circular staggered mirror fields in each sector area to achieve the highest comprehensive light efficiency, wherein the optimization is to adjust the radius of each row of heliostats in any sector area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein k is 6, and the central angles of the sectors are 45 °, 90 °, 45 °, 90 °, and 45 °, respectively, from the x + axis.
3. the method of claim 1, wherein k is 8, and the sectors are arranged clockwise from the y + axis, and the central angle of each sector is 45 °.
4. The rose diagram layout method for heliostat fields of tower solar thermal power plants of claim 1, wherein the third step further comprises independently optimizing the most dense circular staggered mirror fields in each sector area using an intelligent algorithm, wherein the intelligent algorithm is a genetic algorithm, a simulated annealing algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm or a differential evolution algorithm.
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| WO2024078477A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | 北京中热能源科技有限公司 | Distributed point focusing photo-thermal system |
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