CN107024864A - The layout method and solar generator Tower System of heliostat field - Google Patents
The layout method and solar generator Tower System of heliostat field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107024864A CN107024864A CN201710268331.7A CN201710268331A CN107024864A CN 107024864 A CN107024864 A CN 107024864A CN 201710268331 A CN201710268331 A CN 201710268331A CN 107024864 A CN107024864 A CN 107024864A
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of layout method of heliostat field and solar generator Tower System, the layout method of this heliostat field comprises the following steps：Step S1, determines that the energy reflection efficiency of heliostat, energy block efficiency；Step S2, determines Jing Chang arrangement forms；Step S3, determines mirror field distribution scope；And step S4, determine the arrangement coordinate of each heliostat；The present invention calculates the whole efficiency of heliostat by analyzing the various losses in efficiency that heliostat is produced in energy transport, determines that the efficiency distribution of heliostat is interval, optimizes heliostat arrangement mode, can effectively lift the overall generating efficiency of tower system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of layout method of heliostat field and solar generator Tower System.
Background technology
Tower type solar electricity generation system is one central tower of construction on vacant lot, and a heat collector is installed at its top, with structure
Into centralized thermal tower, around install in a number of heliostat, the heat collector of heliostat aggregation sunshine to tower top, heat collector
Chamber produces high temperature, then receives heat by the working medium inside heat collector and produces high-temperature steam, and pushing turbine generates electricity.
Solar generator Tower System is general by five masters such as reflection mirror array, high tower, heat collector, accumulator, generating set
Partly to constitute, speculum is carried out rearranging reflection mirror array by certain rule.These mirrors, will too from the motion tracking sun
Sunlight correctly projects heat collector window.Heat collector is designed to a side light or surrounding photoreceptor, by reception too
Sunlight is converted into after heat energy, flow media is produced steam in heating dish.A heat part is used for driving electrical power generators, another
Part is stored in accumulator, is used as standby energy during no sunlight.
Tower type solar electricity generation system has the characteristics of light concentrating times are high to be concentrated with energy, easily realizes compared with high workload temperature
Degree, the quantity of heliostat is more, and focusing ratio is bigger, and receiver heat-collecting temperature is higher.Optically focused is done directly by reflection light, side
Method is easy and effective, and area of dissipation is relatively small, and has higher photo-thermal conversion efficiency, meanwhile, tower type solar electricity generation system
Back-end technology can be compatible with existing thermal power station, convenient that thermal power station is transformed, and reduces carbon emission, is expected to the master as solar power generation
Want mode.
The common mirror arrangement mode of current tower system is as shown in Figure 1：
At present, the mirror field distribution of most of tower-type electricity generation system is concentric circles, as shown in Figure 1.In addition, some Jing Chang in order to
Simplify and build difficulty, employ simple linear array.In most tower type solar electricity generation system, central thermal-arrest
Tower is in Jing Chang physical centre.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of layout method of heliostat field, to solve the tower type solar of each geographic latitude
Heliostat field is laid out irrational technical problem in electricity generation system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of arrangement method of heliostat field, comprise the following steps：
Step S1, determines that the energy reflection efficiency of heliostat, energy block efficiency；
Step S2, determines Jing Chang arrangement forms；
Step S3, determines mirror field distribution scope；And
Step S4, determines the arrangement coordinate of each heliostat.
Further, the energy reflection efficiency in the step S1 is suitable to represent by equation below：
；
In formula：For heliostat energy reflection efficiency,For heliostat cosine efficiency,For atmospheric attenuation efficiency,Centered on
Put apart from efficiency,For mirror-reflection efficiency.
Further, the energy in the step S1 blocks efficiency and is suitable to represent by below equation：
；
In formula：Efficiency is blocked for heliostat energy,For sun half angle, pointx、yScope be using Jing Chang centers as origin
The corresponding heliostat flare region of coordinate system set up.
Further, determine that the method for Jing Chang arrangement form comprises the following steps in the step S2：
Energy acceptance efficiency to all heliostats in certain limit is calculated, and generates annual energy acceptance efficiency distribution
Figure, is fitted to Jing Chang arrangements form；Wherein
The annual energy acceptance efficiency of single heliostat is suitable to the energy acceptance efficiency inscribed by it when each in whole year
On the basis of obtained by integral operation, i.e., represented by below equation：
；
In formula：For the annual energy acceptance efficiency of heliostat,For energy reflection efficiency,Efficiency is blocked for energy,DFor
Annual sequence moment day；
It is true to be carried out to Jing Chang arrangement forms by carrying out the calculating of annual energy acceptance efficiency to a range of heliostat
It is fixed；I.e.
The change of correspondence geographic latitude from low to high, Jing Chang efficiency is irised wipe and is divided into：Ellipse, non-centrosymmetry circle and fan
Shape.
Further, geographic latitude from low to high, i.e.,
Near under the line, mirror field distribution is fitted to ellipse；
In mid low latitude region, Jing Chang is fitted to non-centrosymmetry circle, and
In mid latitudes, Jing Chang is fitted to sector.
Further, the method for Jing Chang distribution is determined in the step S3 to be included：
The inside and outside boundary line of heliostat arrangement is cooked up according to annual energy acceptance efficiency distribution figure, to constitute Jing Chang point
Cloth scope.
Further, determine that the arrangement of each heliostat is sat calibration method and included in the step S4：
Step S41, determines the number of rings of heliostat；I.e.
The number of rings of heliostat is suitable to represent by below equation：
；
In formula：For heliostat number of rings,For tower height,WithThe respectively interval maximum of heliostats distribution and minimum
Value,For heliostat width；
Step S42, determines the number of each ring heliostat；I.e.
Number of the heliostat per ring is suitable to represent by below equation：
Wherein：ForThe number of ring heliostat,For heliostat radial direction spacing,ForBetween the adjacent heliostat transverse direction of ring
Away from,For heliostat width.
Another aspect, present invention also offers a kind of solar generator Tower System, including：Pass through described arrangement method meter
Calculate the heliostat field obtained.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows, the layout method and solar generator Tower System of heliostat field of the invention, its
By analyzing the various losses in efficiency that heliostat is produced in energy transport, the whole efficiency of heliostat is calculated, it is determined that fixed
The efficiency distribution of solar eyepiece is interval, optimizes heliostat arrangement mode, can effectively lift the overall generating efficiency of tower system.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is current tower system common mirror arrangement mode；
Fig. 2 is each flow chart of steps of arrangement method of heliostat field proposed by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the annual energy acceptance efficiency distribution schematic diagram of the regional mirror of different latitude；
Fig. 4（a）, Fig. 4（b）And Fig. 4（c）It is mirror field distribution scope schematic diagram；
Fig. 5（a）, Fig. 5（b）And Fig. 5（c）It is heliostats distribution schematic diagram respectively.
In figure：Centralized thermal tower 1, heliostat 2.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further explained in detail.These accompanying drawings are simplified schematic diagram, only with
Illustration illustrates the basic structure of the present invention, therefore it only shows the composition relevant with the present invention.
Tower-type electricity generation belongs to solar energy thermal-power-generating technology, and its rear end technology is similar to thermal power generation, and therefore, system is integrally sent out
The height of electrical efficiency depends on Jing Chang arrangement mode.The present invention is based on, by optimizing heliostat layout, improving reflection
Jing Chang optical efficiency, to lift the generating efficiency of whole tower system.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2 step S1, determines that the energy reflection efficiency of heliostat, energy block efficiency.
Comprise the following steps that：
The energy reflection efficiency of heliostat is determined first, i.e.,
The energy reflection efficiency of heliostat refers to the final energy to collection thermal tower window reflection of heliostat and itself obtained
The ratio between energy, its factor of influence mainly has a surplus string efficiency, atmospheric attenuation efficiency, central point apart from efficiency, mirror-reflection efficiency.Its
In, mirror-reflection efficiency is a constant, is determined by speculum material；Cosine efficiency is to determine the settled date with atmospheric attenuation efficiency
The key factor of mirror energy reflection efficiency；Central point apart from efficiency refer to reflect luminous energy heliostat to collect thermal tower between away from
From the extinction efficiency of generation.
The energy reflection efficiency of heliostat can use below equation（1）Represent：
（1）
In formula：For heliostat energy reflection efficiency,For heliostat cosine efficiency,For atmospheric attenuation efficiency,For in
Heart point apart from efficiency,For mirror-reflection efficiency.
Secondly, determine that heliostat energy blocks efficiency, i.e.,
Due to the presence of sun subtended angle, there are diffusion phenomena in the reflection light of heliostat, may finally exceed centralized thermal tower window
, that is, there is energy and block efficiency in the range of receiving of mouth.
Closer or far from the heliostat of collection thermal tower, the reception that efficiency will greatly reduce energy is blocked.The energy of heliostat
Below equation can be used by blocking efficiency（2）Represent：
(2)
In formula：Efficiency is blocked for heliostat energy,For sun half angle, pointx、yScope be using Jing Chang centers as origin
The corresponding heliostat flare region of coordinate system set up.
Step S2, determines Jing Chang arrangement forms.
Comprise the following steps that：
The arrangement of heliostat finally determined by the energy reflection efficiency of heliostat with blocking the product of efficiency, meanwhile, in order to enter
One step determines Jing Chang form, it is necessary to which each parameters of Jing Chang carry out the calculating of energy acceptance efficiency, the annual energy acceptance effect of generation
Rate is distributed to be fitted mirror form.
The energy acceptance efficiency that the annual energy acceptance efficiency of heliostat can be inscribed when each by it is on annual basis
On obtained by integral operation, can specifically be represented by below equation：
(3)
In formula：For the annual energy acceptance efficiency of heliostat,For heliostat energy reflection efficiency,Cut for heliostat energy
Disconnected efficiency,DFor annual sequence moment day.
Different geographical latitude mirror whole year energy acceptance efficiency distribution schematic diagram such as Fig. 3 of the present invention respectively scheme institute
Show：
With reference to formula 2 and formula 3, the mirror receiving efficiency in different latitude area is calculated, form can be carried out to Jing Chang true
It is fixed.When geographic latitude changes from low to high, as shown in each figures of Fig. 3 Jing Chang efficiency circle ellipse, non-centrosymmetry it is circular and
Converted between sector.Therefore, near under the line, Jing Chang can be fitted to ellipse, such as by area of the latitude within 15 degree
Shown in Fig. 3 (a)；Jing Chang can be fitted to non-centrosymmetry circle by mid low latitude region, latitude in 15 degree to 40 degree of area,
As shown in Fig. 3 (b), Jing Chang can be fitted to sector, shown in such as Fig. 3 (c) by mid latitudes, latitude in the area of 40 to 60 degree.
Step S3, determines mirror field distribution scope.
Comprise the following steps that：
Heliostat should be arranged in high efficiency position, could improve the final efficiency of whole system, therefore, in theory mirror field distribution model
Predetermined efficiency value should be not less than by enclosing the annual energy acceptance efficiency of i.e. heliostat（Calculated value）Comprising scope, but due to mesh
Preceding tower-type electricity generation System Back-end technical efficiency has reached bottleneck, therefore, and the final efficiency of the arrangement position of heliostat should not
Less than the 0.7 of predetermined efficiency value.
Heliostats distribution scope schematic diagram of the present invention such as Fig. 4（a）, Fig. 4（b）And Fig. 4（c）It is shown：
It is determined that during mirror field distribution scope, rule is fitted according to the corresponding Jing Chang of the efficiency distribution of each department, and according to heliostat
Arrangement position final efficiency be not lower than 0.7 condition, can be cooked up in annual energy acceptance efficiency distribution figure
The inner edge boundary line N and outside boundary line M of heliostat, so as to produce the distribution of whole reflection lens group.Near under the line, latitude exists
Area within 15 degree, shown in Jing Chang inner and outer boundary such as Fig. 4 (a)；Mid low latitude region, ground of the latitude at 15 degree to 40 degree
Area, shown in Jing Chang inner and outer boundary such as Fig. 4 (b), mid latitudes, latitude is in the area of 40 to 60 degree, Jing Chang inner and outer boundary
As shown in Fig. 4 (c).
Step S5, determines the arrangement coordinate of each heliostat.
Reserved certain space is needed between heliostat to avoid mechanical collision and reduce light occlusion issue, thus it is determined that
Before the coordinate of each heliostat, it is necessary to first determine heliostat number of rings, and each ring heliostat number.The number of rings of heliostat can
Represented by below equation：
(4)
Wherein：It is tower height for heliostat number of rings,WithThe respectively interval maximum of heliostats distribution and minimum value
A points and B points position i.e. in step 4,For heliostat width.
Number of the heliostat per ring can be represented by below equation：
(5)
Wherein：ForThe number of ring heliostat,For heliostat radial direction spacing,ForBetween the adjacent heliostat transverse direction of ring
Away from,For heliostat width, when latitude is less than 40 degreeIt it is 90 degree for 360 degree, during higher than 40 degree.
Finally, using Jing Chang receiving efficiency center as Jing Chang physical centre, according to mirror form, the number of rings being fitted in advance
Heliostat is arranged with the number of every ring heliostat, Jing Chang layout is completed.
The arrangement coordinate of each heliostat of embodiment 1 is specifically described by specific case.
Following parameter is preset, 3 meters of mirror width, collection thermal tower window width is 6 meters, and 100 meters of thermal-arrest tower height degree is right
Geographic latitude is respectively calculated for 0 degree, 30 degree and 50 degree of area, obtains heliostats distribution schematic diagram such as Fig. 5（a）, Fig. 5
（b）And Fig. 5（c）It is shown.
For the mirror field distribution that geographic latitude is 30 degree of areas, the mirror field distribution model of Mid-low latitude is compareed, according to formula 4
With formula 5, the external boundary and inner boundary scope of relevant parameter and the heliostats distribution in step 4 are substituted into, heliostat is can obtain
Number of rings 17, the quantity per ring heliostat change between 6 to 118, finally, by looking for the mirror form being fitted in advance, number of rings and often
The number arrangement heliostat of ring heliostat, you can Jing Chang layout is completed, shown in such as Fig. 5 (b).By calculating：Equator is attached
Shown in mirror field distribution such as Fig. 5 (a) of near low latitudes；Shown in mirror field distribution such as Fig. 5 (c) of middle high latitude area.
It is clear that having benefited from the high efficiency layout design scheme of heliostat, improve received by whole system too
Positive energy, so as to improve the whole efficiency of tower system.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the present embodiment 2 provides a kind of solar generator Tower System, including：Pass through such as institute of embodiment 1
The arrangement method stated calculates the heliostat field obtained.
Using the above-mentioned desirable embodiment according to the present invention as enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff is complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention' entirely.The technology of this invention
Property scope is not limited to the content on specification, it is necessary to its technical scope is determined according to right.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of arrangement method of heliostat field, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step S1, determines that the energy reflection efficiency of heliostat, energy block efficiency；
Step S2, determines Jing Chang arrangement forms；
Step S3, determines mirror field distribution scope；And
Step S4, determines the arrangement coordinate of each heliostat.
2. arrangement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Energy reflection efficiency in the step S1 is suitable to represent by equation below：
；
In formula：For heliostat energy reflection efficiency,For heliostat cosine efficiency,For atmospheric attenuation efficiency, centered on point
Apart from efficiency,For mirror-reflection efficiency.
3. arrangement method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Energy in the step S1 blocks efficiency and is suitable to represent by below equation：
；
In formula：Efficiency is blocked for heliostat energy,For sun half angle, pointx、yScope be the institute by origin of Jing Chang centers
The corresponding heliostat flare region of coordinate system of foundation.
4. arrangement method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Determine that the method for Jing Chang arrangement form comprises the following steps in the step S2：
Energy acceptance efficiency to all heliostats in certain limit is calculated, and generates annual energy acceptance efficiency distribution
Figure, is fitted to Jing Chang arrangements form；Wherein
The annual energy acceptance efficiency of single heliostat is suitable to the energy acceptance efficiency inscribed by it when each in whole year
On the basis of obtained by integral operation, i.e., represented by below equation：
；
In formula：For the annual energy acceptance efficiency of heliostat,For energy reflection efficiency,Efficiency is blocked for energy,DFor
Annual sequence moment day；
It is true to be carried out to Jing Chang arrangement forms by carrying out the calculating of annual energy acceptance efficiency to a range of heliostat
It is fixed；I.e.
The change of correspondence geographic latitude from low to high, Jing Chang efficiency is irised wipe and is divided into：Ellipse, non-centrosymmetry circle and fan
Shape.
5. arrangement method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
Geographic latitude from low to high, i.e.,
Near under the line, mirror field distribution is fitted to ellipse；
In mid low latitude region, Jing Chang is fitted to non-centrosymmetry circle, and
In mid latitudes, Jing Chang is fitted to sector.
6. arrangement method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
The method of Jing Chang distribution is determined in the step S3 to be included：
The inside and outside boundary line of heliostat arrangement is cooked up according to annual energy acceptance efficiency distribution figure, to constitute Jing Chang point
Cloth scope.
7. arrangement method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
Determine that the arrangement of each heliostat is sat calibration method and included in the step S4：
Step S41, determines the number of rings of heliostat；I.e.
The number of rings of heliostat is suitable to represent by below equation：
；
In formula：For heliostat number of rings,For tower height,WithThe respectively interval maximum of heliostats distribution and minimum
Value,For heliostat width；
Step S42, determines the number of each ring heliostat；I.e.
Number of the heliostat per ring is suitable to represent by below equation：
；
Wherein：ForThe number of ring heliostat,For heliostat radial direction spacing,ForThe adjacent heliostat horizontal spacing of ring,
For heliostat width.
8. a kind of solar generator Tower System, it is characterised in that including：Pass through the arrangement as described in claim any one of 1-7
Method calculates the heliostat field obtained.
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| CN108800618A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-13 | 华西能源工业股份有限公司 | Tower type solar energy thermal power generation mirror field method for arranging and its shadow occlusion efficiency calculation method |
| CN109798678A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-24 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Based on maximal density arrangement and biomimetic type arrangement combinations heliostat field arrangement method |
| CN109813754A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-05-28 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | A kind of System and method for of measurement and optimization heat dump cut-off efficiency |
| CN110570045A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | rose map layout method for heliostat field of tower-type solar thermal power station |
| CN114021444A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 山东电力建设第三工程有限公司 | Method for reducing overflow loss of tower type solar thermal power generation based on PSO algorithm |
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| CN108800618A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-13 | 华西能源工业股份有限公司 | Tower type solar energy thermal power generation mirror field method for arranging and its shadow occlusion efficiency calculation method |
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| CN109813754A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-05-28 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | A kind of System and method for of measurement and optimization heat dump cut-off efficiency |
| CN110570045A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | rose map layout method for heliostat field of tower-type solar thermal power station |
| CN114021444A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 山东电力建设第三工程有限公司 | Method for reducing overflow loss of tower type solar thermal power generation based on PSO algorithm |
| CN114021444B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-04-30 | 山东电力建设第三工程有限公司 | Method for reducing overflow loss of tower type solar thermal power generation based on PSO algorithm |
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Application publication date: 20170808 |