CN110568521B - Adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device - Google Patents

Adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110568521B
CN110568521B CN201911029043.1A CN201911029043A CN110568521B CN 110568521 B CN110568521 B CN 110568521B CN 201911029043 A CN201911029043 A CN 201911029043A CN 110568521 B CN110568521 B CN 110568521B
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China
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framework
waterproof cloth
ring
outer framework
filter screen
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CN201911029043.1A
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CN110568521A (en
Inventor
王华敬
潘婕妤
李子文
张艳青
路成武
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Shandong Agricultural University
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01WMETEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00Meteorology
    • G01W1/14Rainfall or precipitation gauges

Abstract

The invention relates to an adjustable penetrating rainfall measuring device which comprises an inner framework sleeved and fixed on a trunk and an outer framework which is positioned on the periphery of the inner framework and fixedly arranged, wherein waterproof cloth which is closed along the circumferential direction is fixed on the inner framework and the outer framework, a rainwater channel is formed between the waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the waterproof cloth on the outer framework, a collecting channel communicated with the rainwater channel is also fixedly arranged below the outer framework, and a water outlet of the collecting channel is communicated with a flowmeter. According to the invention, through the rotation of the upper stay bar, the collecting area for collecting rainwater can be increased, and the penetrating rainfall of different trees can be collected and measured; the top elastic filter screen can elastically deform according to the change of the opening angle of the framework, has strong adaptability to trees with different crowns, and prevents falling objects such as fallen leaves from interfering with measurement; the whole structural stability of the fastening locking ring and the supporting rod is enhanced under the condition that the normal growth of the tree is not affected, and the measurement result deviation caused by the interference of factors such as wind power is reduced.

Description

Adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forest hydrologic measurement devices, in particular to an adjustable penetrating rainfall measurement device which is mainly used for measuring the penetrating rainfall of areas with low forest canopy density and is convenient for further calculating the crown retention.
Background
The penetrating rain is the part where the atmospheric precipitation falls to the ground after being trapped by the vegetation canopy in the vegetation coverage area. Different tree species have different proportions of penetrating rain in the atmospheric precipitation. From the ecological hydrology angle of forest, the precipitation falls to the woodland, and part forms trunk stem along the branch, and the part of remaining on the branch and leaf is the crown entrapment, and another part passes branch and leaf clearance and falls to ground, is the penetrating rain. The entrapment of the crown to rainfall is difficult to directly measure due to the influence of the forest canopy density, meteorological factors, plant factors and other aspects; and the existing measuring and penetrating rain device is difficult to adjust the measuring range according to the sizes of crowns of different types of trees, so that the problems of inaccurate penetrating rain measurement, high changing cost, poor practicality and the like are caused, and therefore, the device for adjusting the rainwater collecting area is still lacking at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an adjustable penetrating rainfall measuring device which can be used for measuring the penetrating rainfall of trees with different crowns and sizes in areas with lower forest canopy density.
The invention provides an adjustable penetrating rainfall measuring device, which is realized by the following technical scheme, and comprises an inner framework sleeved and fixed on a trunk and an outer framework which is positioned on the periphery of the inner framework and fixedly arranged, wherein waterproof cloth which is closed along the circumferential direction is fixed on the inner framework and the outer framework, a rainwater channel is formed between the waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the waterproof cloth on the outer framework, a collecting channel communicated with the rainwater channel is also fixedly arranged below the outer framework, and a water outlet of the collecting channel is communicated with a flowmeter.
According to the scheme, the inner framework and the outer framework are used as supporting bodies, waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the outer framework is utilized to form a rainwater channel, penetrating rainwater enters the flowmeter from the collecting channel after passing through the rainwater channel, penetrating rainfall is measured through the flowmeter, according to the water balance principle, the total rainfall subtracts trunk stem flow and penetrating rainfall measured by the device, and then the canopy retention can be calculated, so that accurate data are provided for researching and measuring crown retention of different kinds of trees.
As optimization, a filter screen with an inner ring fixedly connected with the inner framework is arranged in the rainwater channel, and an outer ring of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the inner framework through inclined lacing wires. This optimization scheme is through setting up the filter screen in the rainwater passageway, further prevents the jam of fallen leaves and the influence of small-size animal, improves measuring accuracy, and the inner circle of filter screen and the lower extreme rigid coupling of inner skeleton, the outer lane of filter screen passes through the upper end rigid coupling of oblique lacing wire and inner skeleton, has improved the fixed fastness of filter screen, satisfies the operation requirement when rainfall is great.
As optimization, the outer skeleton is conical with big top and small bottom. According to the optimization scheme, the outer framework is arranged to be conical, the upper part of the outer framework is large, the lower part of the outer framework is small, after penetrating rain enters the rainwater channel from the upper part of the outer framework, the sectional area of the outer framework is gradually reduced, residues of penetrating rain in the rainwater channel and the collecting channel are reduced, and the accuracy of measurement is improved.
As optimization, the outer skeleton comprises a plurality of adjustable skeletons distributed along the circumferential direction, the adjustable skeletons comprise a lower supporting rod, the lower end of which is fixedly connected with the filter screen, and an upper supporting rod, the upper supporting rod is connected with the lower supporting rod through a ratchet mechanism, and the ratchet mechanism allows the upper supporting rod to rotate outwards. This optimizing scheme forms the ectoskeleton of installation waterproof cloth through a plurality of adjustable skeletons, when needs increase receiving area, outwards rotate the vaulting pole can, the staff can be according to required extension area when the preparation, leave the surplus of waterproof cloth between adjustable skeleton to cause excessive stretching to waterproof cloth when outwards rotating the vaulting pole.
As optimization, the ratchet mechanism comprises a fixed shaft fixedly arranged on the lower supporting rod and a rotating sleeve sleeved on the fixed shaft, a ratchet slot is formed in the inner wall of the rotating sleeve, a spring plate extending into the ratchet slot is fixedly arranged on the fixed shaft, and the upper supporting rod is fixedly connected with the rotating sleeve. The elastic sheet of the optimization scheme can be a spring steel sheet, and the spring steel sheet enables the ratchet wheel to rotate in one direction only, namely the adjusting framework can be opened outwards only; when the adjustable framework is subjected to resilience force of the elastic filter screen, the ratchet wheel can not reversely rotate due to the blocking of the elastic sheet, so that the framework can keep the original form and not shrink inwards.
As optimization, the upper stay bar is fixedly connected with support short bars, and each support short bar is connected with an elastic filter screen positioned above the rain inlet of the outer framework. This optimizing scheme is through setting up the elastic filter screen, can take place elastic deformation according to last vaulting pole opening angle change, adapts to the trees of equidimension crown, and adaptability is strong, prevents dropping the thing interference measurement such as fallen leaves simultaneously, but go up welded connection between vaulting pole and the support quarter butt.
As optimization, a plurality of support long rods distributed along the circumferential direction are fixedly connected on the lower supporting rod, and the lower ends of the support long rods are conical embedded into the trunk. This optimization scheme has improved the skid resistance of device through setting up the support stock, makes this device stability better, and the toper lower extreme inlays in the trunk and does not influence trees normal growth.
As optimization, the waterproof cloth of the outer framework is provided with an opening above the filter screen, and the opening is internally provided with a maintenance cloth connected with the waterproof cloth through a zipper. This optimizing scheme is through setting up the opening, makes the staff in time clear up dropping thing on the filter screen, prevents to block up and gathers the passageway, has further improved and has penetrated rainfall measurement's accuracy, overhauls the upper border of cloth piece and waterproof cloth structure as an organic whole, overhauls both sides border and lower border of cloth piece and is connected through the zip fastener with waterproof cloth respectively, opens convenient operation when closing the opening.
As optimization, the inner framework comprises an upper fastening ring and a lower fastening ring which are fastened on the trunk, wherein the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring both comprise a ring body with a fracture and embedded tips fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the ring body, and two ends of the ring body are respectively provided with a through hole. The inner framework of the optimization scheme is fixed on the trunk through the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring, so that the tree trunk is conveniently sleeved with the inner framework, the embedded tip is embedded into the trunk, the reliability of fixation is ensured, and the embedded tip does not influence the growth of the tree; the waterproof cloth at the inner framework is the overhead waterproof cloth, the overhead waterproof cloth is tightly hooped through the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring to be attached to the trunk, and the waterproof cloth Yi Shewan deforms, so that the waterproof cloth can be suitable for the part of the trunk with bending, and the application range is improved.
As the optimization, collect the passageway including the cover locate the interior waterproof cloth circle on the trunk to and the waterproof cloth sealing connection's on the outer skeleton outer waterproof cloth circle, the cavity upper end and the rainwater passageway intercommunication between outer waterproof cloth circle and the interior waterproof cloth circle, the cavity bottom surface between outer waterproof cloth circle and the interior waterproof cloth circle is the arcwall face, and the lower extreme of arcwall face is equipped with the apopore, and the apopore passes through hose intercommunication flowmeter. According to the optimization scheme, the penetrating rain and the stem flow rain of the trunk are separated through the inner waterproof cloth ring, the penetrating rain passes through the cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring, the bottom surface of the cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring is an arc surface, the penetrating rain is prevented from accumulating in the cavity, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the water outlet hole and the flowmeter are communicated through the hose, so that the operation of workers is facilitated.
As optimization, waterproof cloth is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the outer framework, and the waterproof cloth on the two sides is fixed through strong magnetic sheets. The waterproof cloth is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the outer framework of the optimization scheme, the two waterproof cloths are conveniently fixed through the strong magnetic sheets, the integrity of the waterproof cloth is further guaranteed, water leakage of the waterproof cloth caused by the fact that connecting holes are formed in the waterproof cloth is avoided, and the accuracy of measurement is improved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the collecting area for collecting rainwater can be increased by rotating the upper stay bar, so that the penetrating rainfall of different trees can be collected and measured; the top elastic filter screen can elastically deform according to the change of the opening angle of the framework, has strong adaptability to trees with different crowns, and prevents falling objects such as fallen leaves from interfering with measurement; the whole structural stability of the fastening locking ring and the supporting rod is enhanced under the condition that the normal growth of the tree is not affected, and the measurement result deviation caused by the interference of factors such as wind power is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view and an internal perspective view of the present invention, wherein the broken line represents the trunk;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal framework structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper fastening ring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the joint between the upper stay bar and the lower stay bar;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a ratchet mechanism;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tarpaulin of an exoskeleton;
the figure shows:
1. the device comprises an elastic filter screen, 2, a supporting short rod, 3, an adjustable framework, 4, a rainwater collecting area, 5, a ratchet wheel, 6, an opening, 7, a lower fastening ring, 8, a filtering device, 9, a funnel-shaped channel, 10, a bent hook, 11, a rainwater collecting area, 12, a hose, 13, a flowmeter, 14, a supporting long rod, 15, an upper fastening ring, 16, an overhead waterproof cloth, 17, an inclined lacing wire, 18, a filter screen, 19, a ring body, 20, a through hole, 21, an embedded tip, 22, a fixed shaft, 23 and an elastic sheet.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of the scheme, the scheme is explained below through a specific embodiment.
The adjustable penetrating rainfall measuring device as shown in fig. 1 comprises an inverted umbrella-shaped main body, a filtering device 8 and a flowmeter 13, wherein the inverted umbrella-shaped main body comprises a rainwater collecting area 4 at the upper part, a funnel-shaped channel 9 in the middle part and a rainwater collecting area 11, the filtering device 8 comprises a filter screen 18 arranged between the rainwater collecting area 11 and the funnel-shaped rainwater channel, and an elastic filter screen 1 positioned at the top of the inverted umbrella-shaped main body.
The rainwater collecting area 4 comprises an inner framework fixed on the trunk and an outer framework which is arranged on the periphery of the inner framework and fixedly arranged, waterproof cloth which is closed along the circumferential direction is fixed on the inner framework and the outer framework, and a rainwater channel is formed between the waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the waterproof cloth on the outer framework. The waterproof cloth of this embodiment is double-deck waterproof PG cloth to both sides all set up waterproof cloth in the inside and outside of outer skeleton, and the waterproof cloth of both sides is fixed through strong magnetic sheet, and two magnetic sheet gap departments use waterproof glue to seal.
The inner ring of the rainwater channel is fixedly connected with the inner framework, and the outer ring of the filter screen 18 is fixedly connected with the inner framework through inclined lacing wires 17. In order to conveniently clean sundries on the filter screen, an opening 6 positioned on one side of the upper portion of the filter screen is formed in waterproof cloth of the outer framework, an overhaul cloth block connected with the waterproof cloth through a zipper is arranged in the opening, the upper edge of the overhaul cloth block and the waterproof cloth are of an integral structure, and two side edges and the lower edge of the overhaul cloth block are respectively connected with the waterproof cloth through the zipper.
The outer skeleton is conical with big top and small bottom, and can also be in an inverted umbrella shape. The outer skeleton of this embodiment includes a plurality of adjustable skeleton 3 that distribute along circumference, adjustable skeleton 3 includes lower vaulting pole that lower extreme and filter screen outer lane rigid coupling and through ratchet with the last vaulting pole that lower vaulting pole is connected, ratchet allows the outside rotation of last vaulting pole. The ratchet mechanism comprises a fixed shaft 22 fixedly arranged on the lower supporting rod and a rotating sleeve sleeved on the fixed shaft, a ratchet slot is formed in the inner wall of the rotating sleeve, a spring piece 23 extending into the ratchet slot is fixedly arranged on the fixed shaft 22, and the upper supporting rod is fixedly connected with the rotating sleeve. The spring plate is a spring steel plate, and in a normal state, the spring steel plate enables the ratchet wheel to rotate in one direction only, namely the adjusting framework can only be opened outwards; when the adjustable framework is subjected to resilience force of the elastic filter screen, the ratchet wheel can not reversely rotate due to the blocking of the elastic sheet, so that the framework can keep the original form and not shrink inwards. When the outer framework rain inlet is required to be reduced, a worker presses down the elastic sheet to enable the elastic sheet to deviate from the ratchet groove, and then the upper supporting rod is rotated inwards.
The lower stay bar is fixedly connected with a plurality of support long bars 14 distributed along the circumferential direction, the lower ends of the support long bars 14 are conical embedded into the trunk, and the conical embedded into the trunk does not affect the normal growth of the tree.
The upper stay bar is fixedly connected with support short bars 2, and each support short bar 2 is connected with an elastic filter screen 1 positioned above the rain inlet of the outer framework. The elastic filter screen is located rainwater passageway top, prevents that leaf and plug from falling into to the elastic filter screen can take place deformation along with the rotation of last vaulting pole, and adaptability is strong.
The inner skeleton comprises an upper fastening ring 15 and a lower fastening ring 7 which are fastened on the trunk, the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring both comprise a ring body 19 provided with a fracture and an embedded tip 21 fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the ring body, the ring body 19 is made of stainless steel, and two ends of the ring body 19 are respectively provided with a through hole 20. The device is integrally fixed on the trunk through a plurality of fastening rings of the inner framework and a plurality of support long rods outside. The inner framework and the elevated waterproof cloth form a cylinder shape, and the elevated waterproof cloth is fixed at the inner side of the inner framework and is attached to the trunk.
When the screw is used, the screw passes through the through hole, the size of the locking ring is changed by controlling the tightness of the screwed nut, the trunk with different thickness can be firmly fixed, and the part where the through hole is located is folded outwards. The overhead waterproof cloth 16 is fixed on the trunk by an upper fastening ring 15, the upper ends of the diagonal lacing wires 17 on two sides are welded and fixed with the upper fastening ring 15, and the lower ends of the diagonal lacing wires 17 are fixedly connected with the outer ring of the filter screen 18. The inner ring of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the lower end of the lower fastening ring 7 of the inner framework, and the outer ring of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the upper fastening ring 15 through an inclined lacing wire 17. The elevated waterproof cloth 16 is tightly attached to the trunk after being fixed by the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring, so that splashing caused by overlarge rainwater can be effectively prevented, and the elevated waterproof cloth is attached to the trunk, and the measurement result is more accurate.
The funnel-shaped channel 9 and the rainwater collecting area 11 form a collecting channel, the rainwater collecting area 11 at the bottom is an inclined device, the bottom surface is a concave semi-ellipsoidal surface, the collecting channel is communicated with the rainwater channel and is fixedly arranged below the outer framework, the bottom of the collecting channel is of a semi-closed structure, and a water outlet at the lowest part of the collecting channel is communicated with the flowmeter. The lower part of the funnel-shaped channel 9 is provided with a hook 10, the hook 10 is hung on a stainless steel ring body 19, and the ring body 19 is fixed on the trunk. The concrete structure of the collecting channel comprises an inner waterproof cloth ring sleeved on the trunk and an outer waterproof cloth ring in sealing connection with waterproof cloth on the outer framework, wherein the upper end of a cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring is communicated with the rainwater channel, the bottom surface of the cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring is an arc-shaped surface, the lower end of the arc-shaped surface is provided with a water outlet hole, and the water outlet hole is communicated with the flowmeter 13 through the hose 12.
Trunk stem flow is measured to the last diversion trench that installs of trunk on this device, the diversion trench is prior art, installs and makes trunk stem flow measurement not influenced by this device on this device, and uses more complete accurate data with this device cooperation.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features of the present invention that are not described may be implemented by or by using the prior art, which is not described herein again; the above examples and drawings are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. An adjustable penetrating rainfall measuring device which is characterized in that: the device comprises an inner framework sleeved and fixed on a trunk and an outer framework positioned at the periphery of the inner framework and fixedly arranged, wherein waterproof cloth which is closed along the circumferential direction is fixed on the inner framework and the outer framework, a rainwater channel is formed between the waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the waterproof cloth on the outer framework, a collecting channel communicated with the rainwater channel is also fixedly arranged below the outer framework, and a water outlet of the collecting channel is communicated with a flowmeter (13);
a filter screen (18) with an inner ring fixedly connected with the inner framework is arranged in the rainwater channel, and an outer ring of the filter screen (18) is fixedly connected with the inner framework through an inclined lacing wire (17);
the outer framework comprises a plurality of adjustable frameworks (3) distributed along the circumferential direction, the adjustable frameworks comprise lower supporting rods, the lower ends of which are fixedly connected with the filter screen, and upper supporting rods, the upper supporting rods are connected with the lower supporting rods through ratchet mechanisms, and the ratchet mechanisms allow the upper supporting rods to rotate outwards;
the ratchet mechanism comprises a fixed shaft fixedly arranged on the lower stay bar and a rotating sleeve sleeved on the fixed shaft, a ratchet slot is formed in the inner wall of the rotating sleeve, a spring sheet extending into the ratchet slot is fixedly arranged on the fixed shaft, and the upper stay bar is fixedly connected with the rotating sleeve;
the upper stay bar is fixedly connected with support short bars (2), and each support short bar is connected with an elastic filter screen (1) positioned above the rain inlet of the outer framework.
2. An adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device according to claim 1 wherein: the outer framework is conical with big top and small bottom.
3. An adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device according to claim 1 wherein: the lower stay bar is fixedly connected with a plurality of support long bars (14) distributed along the circumferential direction, and the lower ends of the support long bars are conical embedded into the trunk.
4. An adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device according to claim 1 wherein: an opening positioned above the filter screen is arranged on the waterproof cloth of the outer framework, and a maintenance cloth piece connected with the waterproof cloth through a zipper is arranged in the opening.
5. An adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device according to claim 1 wherein: the inner framework comprises an upper fastening ring and a lower fastening ring which are fastened on the trunk, the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring both comprise a ring body with a fracture and embedded tips fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the ring body, and two ends of the ring body are respectively provided with a through hole.
6. An adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device according to claim 1 wherein: the collecting channel comprises an inner waterproof cloth ring sleeved on the trunk and an outer waterproof cloth ring in sealing connection with waterproof cloth on the outer framework, the upper end of a cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring is communicated with the rainwater channel, the bottom surface of the cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring is an arc-shaped surface, a water outlet hole is formed in the lower end of the arc-shaped surface, and the water outlet hole is communicated with the flowmeter through a hose.
CN201911029043.1A 2019-10-28 2019-10-28 Adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device Active CN110568521B (en)

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CN110568521B true CN110568521B (en) 2024-03-26

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CN114609699A (en) * 2022-02-21 2022-06-10 广州辅医氏医疗科技股份有限公司 Telescopic rainfall collector

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