CN110568521A - Adjustable type penetration rainfall measuring device - Google Patents

Adjustable type penetration rainfall measuring device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110568521A
CN110568521A CN201911029043.1A CN201911029043A CN110568521A CN 110568521 A CN110568521 A CN 110568521A CN 201911029043 A CN201911029043 A CN 201911029043A CN 110568521 A CN110568521 A CN 110568521A
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China
Prior art keywords
waterproof cloth
framework
support rod
adjustable
filter screen
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CN201911029043.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110568521B (en
Inventor
王华敬
潘婕妤
李子文
张艳青
路成武
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Shandong Agricultural University
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01WMETEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00Meteorology
    • G01W1/14Rainfall or precipitation gauges

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device which comprises an inner framework and an outer framework, wherein the inner framework is sleeved and fixed on a trunk, the outer framework is positioned at the periphery of the inner framework and is fixedly arranged, waterproof cloth which is closed along the circumferential direction is fixed on the inner framework and the outer framework, a rainwater channel is formed between the waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the waterproof cloth on the outer framework, a collecting channel communicated with the rainwater channel is fixedly arranged below the outer framework, and a water outlet of the collecting channel is communicated with a flowmeter. According to the invention, through the rotation of the upper support rod, the collection area for collecting rainwater can be adjusted to be large, and the penetration rainfall of different trees can be collected and measured; the elastic filter screen at the top can be elastically deformed according to the change of the opening angle of the framework, so that the adaptability to trees with different crown sizes is high, and meanwhile, falling objects such as fallen leaves and the like are prevented from interfering measurement; the fastening locking ring and the supporting rod both enhance the stability of the whole structure under the condition of not influencing the normal growth of trees and reduce the deviation of the measuring result caused by the interference of factors such as wind power and the like.

Description

Adjustable type penetration rainfall measuring device
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of forest hydrological measuring devices, in particular to an adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device which is mainly used for measuring penetration rainfall in areas with low forest canopy density and facilitating further calculation of crown interception.
Background
rain penetration is the part of the ground where atmospheric precipitation falls after being trapped by vegetation canopies in vegetation covered areas. Different trees have different proportions of penetrating rain in atmospheric precipitation. From the perspective of forest ecology and hydrology, precipitation falls into forest land, one part of precipitation forms trunk and stem flow along the branches, the part remaining on the branches and leaves is intercepted by the crowns, and the other part of precipitation passes through gaps between the branches and leaves and falls onto the ground, namely penetration of rain. The interception of the crown to rainfall is influenced by various aspects such as forest canopy density, meteorological factors, plant self factors and the like, so that the direct measurement is difficult; and the existing rain penetration determination device is difficult to adjust the measurement range according to the sizes of the crowns of different types of trees, so that the problems of inaccurate rain penetration measurement, high change cost, poor practicability and the like are caused, and a device capable of adjusting the rainwater collection area is still lacked at present.
Disclosure of Invention
aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device, which can be applied to measuring the penetration of rainfall on trees with different crown sizes in areas with lower forest canopy density.
the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides an adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device, which comprises an inner framework and an outer framework, wherein the inner framework is sleeved and fixed on a trunk, the outer framework is positioned at the periphery of the inner framework and is fixedly arranged, waterproof cloth which is closed along the circumferential direction is fixed on the inner framework and the outer framework, a rainwater channel is formed between the waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the waterproof cloth on the outer framework, a gathering channel communicated with the rainwater channel is fixedly arranged below the outer framework, and a water outlet of the gathering channel is communicated with a flowmeter.
According to the scheme, the inner framework and the outer framework are used as supporting bodies, the waterproof cloth on the inner framework and the outer framework is used for forming the rainwater channel, penetrating rain enters the flow meter through the collecting channel after passing through the rainwater channel, the penetrating rainfall is measured through the flow meter, and according to the water balance principle, the tree trunk and stem flow and the penetrating rainfall measured by the device are subtracted from the total rainfall, so that the canopy interception is calculated, and accurate data is provided for research and calculation of the tree canopy interception of different types of trees.
Preferably, a filter screen is arranged in the rainwater channel, the inner ring of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the inner framework, and the outer ring of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the inner framework through a diagonal brace. This optimization scheme is through setting up the filter screen in rainwater passageway, and the influence of the jam of further preventing the fallen leaves and toy improves measuring accuracy nature, the inner circle of filter screen and the lower extreme rigid coupling of inner frame, the outer lane of filter screen passes through the upper end rigid coupling of diagonal draw muscle and inner frame, has improved the fixed fastness of filter screen, satisfies the operation requirement when rainfall is great.
Preferably, the outer framework is in a conical shape with a large upper part and a small lower part. According to the optimization scheme, the outer framework is set to be in a conical shape with the large upper part and the small lower part, after penetrating rain enters the rainwater channel from the upper part, the sectional area is gradually reduced, the residue of penetrating rain in the rainwater channel and the collecting channel is reduced, and the measuring accuracy is improved.
Preferably, the outer frame comprises a plurality of adjustable frames distributed along the circumferential direction, each adjustable frame comprises a lower support rod and an upper support rod, the lower support rod is fixedly connected with the filter screen, the upper support rod is connected with the lower support rod through a ratchet mechanism, and the ratchet mechanism allows the upper support rod to rotate outwards. This optimization scheme forms the outer skeleton of installation tarpaulin through a plurality of adjustable skeletons, when needing increase receiving area, outwards rotate the vaulting pole can, the staff can be according to required extension area when the preparation, leaves the surplus of tarpaulin between adjustable skeleton to cause the overstretching to the tarpaulin when preventing outwards rotating the upper vaulting pole.
Preferably, the ratchet mechanism comprises a fixed shaft fixedly arranged on the lower support rod and a rotating sleeve sleeved on the fixed shaft, a ratchet groove is formed in the inner wall of the rotating sleeve, an elastic sheet extending into the ratchet groove is fixedly arranged on the fixed shaft, and the upper support rod is fixedly connected with the rotating sleeve. The elastic sheet of the optimized scheme can be a spring steel sheet, and the spring steel sheet enables the ratchet wheel to rotate only in one direction, namely, the adjusting framework can only open outwards; when the adjustable framework is subjected to the resilience force of the elastic filter screen, the ratchet wheel cannot reversely rotate due to the blocking of the elastic sheet, so that the framework can keep the original shape and cannot contract inwards.
Preferably, the upper support rod is fixedly connected with support short rods, and each support short rod is connected with an elastic filter screen positioned above the rain inlet of the outer framework. This optimization scheme is through setting up elastic filter screen, can change and take place elastic deformation according to last vaulting pole opening angle, adapts to not trees of equidimension crown, and strong adaptability prevents falling leaves etc. simultaneously and drops thing interference measurement, goes up the vaulting pole and supports the weldable connection between the quarter butt.
As optimization, still the rigid coupling has a plurality of support poles along circumference distribution on the lower vaulting pole, support the toper that the stock lower extreme is the embedding trunk. This optimization scheme is through setting up the support stock, has improved the antiskid nature of device, makes this device stability better, and the toper lower extreme inlays in the trunk and does not influence trees normal growth.
As optimization, the waterproof cloth of the outer framework is provided with an opening positioned above the filter screen, and the opening is internally provided with an overhaul cloth block connected with the waterproof cloth through a zipper. This optimization scheme makes the staff in time clear up the junk on the filter screen through setting up the opening, prevents to block up and collects the passageway, has further improved and has penetrated rainfall measurement's accuracy, overhauls the top edge of cloth and waterproof cloth structure as an organic whole, overhauls the both sides border of cloth and lower edge and passes through the zip fastener with waterproof cloth respectively and be connected, convenient operation when opening and closing the opening.
As optimization, the inner frame comprises an upper fastening ring and a lower fastening ring which are fastened on the trunk, the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring respectively comprise a ring body provided with a fracture and an embedded tip fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the ring body, and the two ends of the ring body are respectively provided with a through hole. The inner framework of the optimized scheme is fixed on the trunk through the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring, so that the trunk is conveniently sleeved with the inner framework, the embedded tip is embedded into the trunk, the fixing reliability is ensured, and the embedded tip does not influence the growth of trees; the waterproof cloth of inner frame department is the height waterproof cloth, and through last clamping ring with lower clamping ring with the height waterproof cloth cramp make its and trunk laminating, because the waterproof cloth is easily bent and is out of shape, consequently can be applicable to the trunk and have crooked position to the scope of using has been improved.
As optimization, the collection channel comprises an inner waterproof cloth ring sleeved on the trunk and an outer waterproof cloth ring in sealing connection with waterproof cloth on the outer framework, the upper end of a cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring is communicated with the rainwater channel, the bottom surface of the cavity between the outer waterproof cloth ring and the inner waterproof cloth ring is an arc-shaped surface, the lower end of the arc-shaped surface is provided with a water outlet hole, and the water outlet hole is communicated with the flowmeter through a hose. This optimization scheme will wear through rain and trunk stem flow rain separately through interior waterproof cloth circle, makes to pierce through the cavity of rain between outer waterproof cloth circle and interior waterproof cloth circle and pass through, and the cavity bottom surface between outer waterproof cloth circle and the interior waterproof cloth circle is the arcwall face, has avoided piercing through rain and has gathered in the cavity, has improved measurement accuracy, through hose intercommunication apopore and flowmeter, makes things convenient for the staff to operate.
As optimization, the inner side and the outer side of the outer framework are both provided with waterproof cloth, and the waterproof cloth on the two sides is fixed through a strong magnetic sheet. The waterproof cloth is arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the outer framework of the optimization scheme, the two waterproof cloths are fixed conveniently through the strong magnetic sheets, the integrity of the waterproof cloth is guaranteed, the waterproof cloth is prevented from being leaked due to the fact that the waterproof cloth is connected with the waterproof cloth through the connecting holes, and the accuracy of measurement is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the collection area for collecting rainwater can be adjusted to be large through the rotation of the upper support rod, and the penetration rainfall of different trees can be collected and measured; the elastic filter screen at the top can be elastically deformed according to the change of the opening angle of the framework, so that the adaptability to trees with different crown sizes is high, and meanwhile, falling objects such as fallen leaves and the like are prevented from interfering measurement; the fastening locking ring and the supporting rod both enhance the stability of the whole structure under the condition of not influencing the normal growth of trees and reduce the deviation of the measuring result caused by the interference of factors such as wind power and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention and a perspective view of the inside thereof, wherein the broken lines represent the trunk of a tree;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the inner skeleton structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an upper clamping ring structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a joint between an upper stay bar and a lower stay bar;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a ratchet mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tarpaulin for an outer frame;
Shown in the figure:
1. Elastic filter screen, 2, support the quarter butt, 3, adjustable skeleton, 4, rainwater collecting area, 5, the ratchet, 6, the opening, 7, lower fastening ring, 8, filter equipment, 9, leak hopper-shaped passageway, 10, the crotch, 11, rainwater collecting area, 12, the hose, 13, the flowmeter, 14, support the stock, 15, go up the fastening ring, 16, the waterproof cloth of elevating, 17, the oblique pull muscle, 18, the filter screen, 19, the circle body, 20, pass the hole, 21, the embedding point, 22, the fixed axle, 23, the shell fragment.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is explained below by way of specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the adjustable type penetration rainfall measuring device comprises a reverse umbrella-shaped main body, a filtering device 8 and a flowmeter 13, wherein the reverse umbrella-shaped main body comprises a rainwater collecting area 4 at the upper part, a funnel-shaped channel 9 at the middle part and a rainwater collecting area 11, the filtering device 8 comprises a filtering net 18 arranged between the rainwater collecting area 11 and the funnel-shaped rainwater channel, and an elastic filtering net 1 positioned at the top of the reverse umbrella-shaped main body.
The rainwater collecting area 4 is established the inner frame of fixing on the trunk and is located the outer skeleton of inner frame periphery and fixed setting including the cover, all be fixed with along the closed tarpaulin of circumference on inner frame and the outer skeleton, form the rainwater passageway between the tarpaulin on the inner frame and the tarpaulin on the outer skeleton. The waterproof cloth of this embodiment is double-deck waterproof PG cloth to all set up the waterproof cloth in the inside and outside both sides of outer skeleton, and the waterproof cloth of both sides passes through strong magnetic sheet fixed, and two magnetic sheets gap department use the marine glue to seal.
the inner ring of the rain water channel is fixedly connected with the filter screen 18 of the inner framework, and the outer ring of the filter screen 18 is fixedly connected with the inner framework through the diagonal brace 17. In order to conveniently clean up sundries on the filter screen, the opening 6 located on one side above the filter screen is formed in the waterproof cloth of the outer framework, the overhauling cloth block connected with the waterproof cloth through a zipper is arranged in the opening, the upper edge of the overhauling cloth block and the waterproof cloth are of an integrated structure, and the two side edges and the lower edge of the overhauling cloth block are respectively connected with the waterproof cloth through the zipper.
the outer framework is in a cone shape with a big top and a small bottom, and can also be in an inverted umbrella shape. The outer framework of the embodiment comprises a plurality of adjustable frameworks 3 distributed along the circumferential direction, each adjustable framework 3 comprises a lower support rod and an upper support rod, the lower support rod is fixedly connected with the outer ring of the filter screen, the upper support rod is connected with the lower support rod through a ratchet mechanism, and the ratchet mechanism allows the upper support rod to rotate outwards. The ratchet mechanism comprises a fixed shaft 22 fixedly arranged on the lower support rod and a rotating sleeve sleeved on the fixed shaft, a ratchet groove is formed in the inner wall of the rotating sleeve, an elastic sheet 23 extending into the ratchet groove is fixedly arranged on the fixed shaft 22, and the upper support rod is fixedly connected with the rotating sleeve. The elastic sheet is a spring steel sheet, and under a normal state, the spring steel sheet enables the ratchet wheel to rotate only in one direction, namely the adjusting framework can only open outwards; when the adjustable framework is subjected to the resilience force of the elastic filter screen, the ratchet wheel cannot reversely rotate due to the blocking of the elastic sheet, so that the framework can keep the original shape and cannot contract inwards. When the rain inlet of the outer framework needs to be reduced, a worker presses down the elastic sheet to enable the elastic sheet to be separated from the ratchet groove, and then the upper support rod is rotated inwards.
Still the rigid coupling has a plurality of support stock 14 that distribute along circumference on the lower stay, support 14 lower extremes of stock for the toper of embedding trunk, the toper inlays in the trunk and does not influence the normal growth of trees.
The upper support rod is fixedly connected with support short rods 2, and each support short rod 2 is connected with an elastic filter screen 1 positioned above the rain inlet of the outer framework. The elastic filter screen is positioned above the rainwater channel, leaves and blockage are prevented from falling in, the elastic filter screen can deform along with the rotation of the upper support rod, and the adaptability is high.
The inner frame includes fastening last clamping ring 15 and lower clamping ring 7 on the trunk, go up clamping ring and lower clamping ring and all including the circle body 19 that is equipped with a fracture and rigid coupling in the embedding point 21 of circle body inside wall, circle body 19 is stainless steel material, and the hole 20 has been seted up respectively at the both ends of circle body 19. The whole body of the device is fixed on the trunk through a plurality of fastening rings of the inner framework and a plurality of external long supporting rods. The inner frame and the elevated waterproof cloth form a cylinder shape, and the elevated waterproof cloth is fixed on the inner side of the inner frame and is attached to the trunk.
Pass the screw during use from passing the hole, change the check ring size through the elasticity of control twist nut, all can play firm fixed action to different thickness trunks, pass the outside jack-up of hole place part. The elevated waterproof cloth 16 is fixed on the trunk by an upper fastening ring 15, the upper ends of the diagonal draw bars 17 at two sides are welded and fixed with the upper fastening ring 15, and the lower ends of the diagonal draw bars 17 are fixedly connected with the outer ring of the filter screen 18. The inner ring of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the lower end of the lower fastening ring 7 of the inner framework, and the outer ring of the filter screen is fixedly connected with the upper fastening ring 15 through a diagonal brace 17. The elevated waterproof cloth 16 is tightly attached to the trunk after being fixed by the upper fastening ring and the lower fastening ring, so that splashing and attachment to the trunk caused by overlarge rainwater can be effectively prevented, and the measurement result is more accurate.
Funnel-shaped channel 9 and rainwater are collected district 11 and are constituteed and collect the passageway, and the rainwater of bottom is collected district 11 and is the slope device, and the bottom surface is recessed semi-ellipsoid surface, collect the passageway with rainwater passageway intercommunication, and set firmly in the below of exoskeleton, collect the passageway bottom and be semi-enclosed construction, collect the delivery port intercommunication flowmeter of the lowest department of passageway. The lower part of the funnel-shaped channel 9 is provided with a hook 10, the hook 10 is hung on a stainless steel ring body 19, and the ring body 19 is fixed on the trunk. The concrete structure of gathering the passageway includes that the cover locates the interior waterproof cloth circle on the trunk to and with the outer waterproof cloth circle of waterproof cloth sealing connection on the outer skeleton, cavity upper end and rainwater passageway intercommunication between outer waterproof cloth circle and the interior waterproof cloth circle, the cavity bottom surface between outer waterproof cloth circle and the interior waterproof cloth circle is the arcwall face, and the lower extreme of arcwall face is equipped with the apopore, and the apopore passes through hose 12 intercommunication flowmeter 13.
The stem flow measuring device is characterized in that the stem flow of the stem is measured by installing the cut-off groove on the stem above the device, the cut-off groove is in the prior art, the stem flow measurement is not influenced by the device when the cut-off groove is installed on the device, and the cut-off groove is matched with the device to obtain more complete and accurate data.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An adjustable pierces through rainfall measuring device which characterized in that: establish the inner frame of fixing on the trunk and be located the outer skeleton of inner frame periphery and fixed setting including the cover, all be fixed with along the closed tarpaulin of circumference on inner frame and the outer skeleton, form the rainwater passageway between the tarpaulin on the inner frame and the outer skeleton, the below of outer skeleton still set firmly with the passageway that converges of rainwater passageway intercommunication, converge passageway delivery port intercommunication flowmeter (13).
2. the adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 1, wherein: a filter screen (18) with an inner ring fixedly connected with the inner framework is arranged in the rainwater channel, and an outer ring of the filter screen (18) is fixedly connected with the inner framework through a diagonal brace (17).
3. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 2, wherein: the outer framework is in a conical shape with a large upper part and a small lower part.
4. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 2, wherein: the outer framework comprises a plurality of adjustable frameworks (3) distributed along the circumferential direction, each adjustable framework comprises a lower support rod and an upper support rod, the lower support rod is fixedly connected with the filter screen, the upper support rod is connected with the lower support rod through a ratchet mechanism, and the ratchet mechanism allows the upper support rod to rotate outwards.
5. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 4, wherein: the ratchet mechanism comprises a fixed shaft fixedly arranged on the lower support rod and a rotating sleeve sleeved on the fixed shaft, a ratchet groove is formed in the inner wall of the rotating sleeve, an elastic sheet extending into the ratchet groove is fixedly arranged on the fixed shaft, and the upper support rod is fixedly connected with the rotating sleeve.
6. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 4, wherein: the upper supporting rods are fixedly connected with supporting short rods (2), and each supporting short rod is connected with an elastic filter screen (1) positioned above the rain inlet of the outer framework.
7. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 4, wherein: still the rigid coupling has a plurality of support stock (14) along circumference distribution on the lower stay bar, support the toper that the stock lower extreme is the embedding trunk.
8. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 2, wherein: an opening positioned above the filter screen is arranged on the waterproof cloth of the outer framework, and an overhaul cloth block connected with the waterproof cloth through a zipper is arranged in the opening.
9. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the inner frame includes fastening last retainer ring and lower retainer ring on the trunk, go up the retainer ring and all including the circle body and the rigid coupling that are equipped with a fracture in the embedding point of circle body inside wall down the retainer ring, the both ends of circle body have been seted up respectively and have been passed the hole.
10. The adjustable penetration rainfall measurement device of claim 1, wherein: collect the passageway and locate the interior waterproof cloth circle on the trunk including the cover to and with the outer waterproof cloth circle of waterproof cloth sealing connection on the outer skeleton, cavity upper end and rainwater passageway intercommunication between outer waterproof cloth circle and the interior waterproof cloth circle, the cavity bottom surface between outer waterproof cloth circle and the interior waterproof cloth circle is the arcwall face, and the lower extreme of arcwall face is equipped with the apopore, and the apopore passes through hose intercommunication flowmeter.
CN201911029043.1A 2019-10-28 2019-10-28 Adjustable penetration rainfall measuring device Active CN110568521B (en)

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CN110568521B CN110568521B (en) 2024-03-26

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114609699A (en) * 2022-02-21 2022-06-10 广州辅医氏医疗科技股份有限公司 Telescopic rainfall collector

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080087436A1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2008-04-17 David Charles Baskett Subsea rov retrievable tree cap
JP3147989U (en) * 2008-11-11 2009-01-29 有限会社風大地プロダクツ Rainwater storage tank
CN205656323U (en) * 2016-03-22 2016-10-19 湖南省林业科学院 Automatic survey system of forest hydrology water yield
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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