CN110567996A - Transmission imaging detection device and computer tomography system using same - Google Patents

Transmission imaging detection device and computer tomography system using same Download PDF

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CN110567996A
CN110567996A CN201910887156.9A CN201910887156A CN110567996A CN 110567996 A CN110567996 A CN 110567996A CN 201910887156 A CN201910887156 A CN 201910887156A CN 110567996 A CN110567996 A CN 110567996A
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CN110567996B (en
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方正
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]

Abstract

The invention provides a transmission imaging detection device, which is used for acquiring a projection drawing of a detected object on a conveyor belt and is characterized by comprising an X-ray projection drawing imaging device and a laser shielding sensing device, wherein the detected object horizontally moves on the conveyor belt to pass through the X-ray projection drawing imaging device and the laser shielding sensing device, the laser shielding sensing device judges that the detected object enters a detection area, and the X-ray projection drawing imaging device acquires projection drawing data of the detected object entering the detection area. The transmission imaging detection device of the invention can complete the data acquisition required by the real-time imaging of the CT slice image by combining the translational motion of the measured object. The invention also provides a computer tomography system applying the transmission imaging detection device, and the real-time reconstruction, storage and display of the CT slice image are finally realized through bus data transmission and cluster operation.

Description

Transmission imaging detection device and computer tomography system using same
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial on-line nondestructive testing, in particular to an X-ray real-time transmission imaging detection device and a computer tomography real-time imaging system.
Background
Computed Tomography (CT) is widely used in the medical and industrial non-destructive testing fields. Since CT slice imaging requires a large amount of projection data acquisition and a complex algorithm implementation, it is one of the research focuses in this field to increase the speed of CT imaging. Researchers make efforts to improve the speed of CT imaging from the aspects of hardware architecture, algorithm implementation and the like, but at present, no equipment entity or design capable of really realizing clear slice image imaging exists.
The conventional computer tomography can finish multi-angle projection image sampling only by rotary motion, and cannot realize slice image real-time imaging. In the current global multi-light source multi-detector CT system, the imaging planes of all light sources and detectors are superposed and form a certain angle with each other in the same plane, and the disadvantage of the framework mode is that: (1) the X-ray light source comprises a bulb tube, a high-voltage generator and other components, the detector comprises photosensitive materials, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a data interface circuit and other parts, the space in one circumference is limited, and on the premise that the diameter cannot be infinitely increased, too many light source/detector groups are difficult to accommodate in engineering design; (2) if the light source is assumed to be a mass point and the line array detector is assumed to be a line segment, as the number of light source/detector groups increases, the effective detection field angle of each light source/detector group decreases, and the area imaged by the CT slice image also decreases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an X-ray transmission imaging detection device and a computer tomography real-time imaging system, which can effectively solve the problems. And finally realizing real-time reconstruction, storage and display of the CT slice images through bus data transmission and cluster operation.
The invention is realized by the following steps: a transmission imaging detection device is used for acquiring a projection drawing of a measured object on a conveying belt and comprises an X-ray projection drawing imaging device and a laser shielding sensing device, wherein the measured object horizontally moves on the conveying belt to penetrate through the X-ray projection drawing imaging device and the laser shielding sensing device, the laser shielding sensing device judges that the measured object enters a detection area, and the X-ray projection drawing imaging device acquires projection drawing data of the measured object entering the detection area.
As a further improvement, the X-ray projection image imaging device comprises an X-ray light source and an X-ray line array detector, the laser shielding sensing device comprises a laser emitter and a laser receiver, the X-ray light source and the line array detector are located on two sides of the thickness of the conveyor belt, and the laser emitter and the laser receiver are located on two sides of the width of the conveyor belt.
As further improvement, K X-ray light sources and X-ray line array detectors form K groups of X-ray projection image imaging devices, K laser transmitters and laser receivers form K groups of laser shielding sensing devices, and the K groups of X-ray projection image imaging devices and the laser shielding sensing devices are sequentially arranged along the translation motion direction of the measured object.
As a further improvement, the plane formed by the center of each group of X-ray light sources and the effective photosensitive line segments of the line array detector is a projection image imaging light path plane, and the K projection image imaging light path planes are not coplanar and are parallel to each other; the connecting line of the X-ray light source and the line array detector is a central axis, and the K central axes are not coplanar and form a certain angle with each other.
As a further improvement, the projection image imaging light path plane and the central axis are both perpendicular to the translational motion direction of the measured object.
As a further improvement, the scanning angle intervals on the circumference covered by the K central axes include a full scanning angle interval or a short scanning angle interval: wherein the full scanning angle interval is 2 pi radian; the short scan is pi +2 gamma radians.
A computer tomography system is used for imaging a projection image acquired by a transmission imaging detection device and comprises the transmission imaging detection device, and a cluster workstation and a graphic workstation which are connected with the transmission imaging detection device.
As a further improvement, the detection signal of the laser shielding sensing device is reported to the cluster workstation through a control bus; the data collected by the X-ray linear array detector is uploaded to a cluster workstation through a data bus; the cluster workstation uploads the collected projection data to the graphic workstation through a transmission bus, and the graphic workstation carries out projection image reconstruction and display.
As a further improvement, the center of the X-ray light source projects to a plane perpendicular to the motion direction of the measured object, all projections are distributed on a circle with O as the center, and the radius of the circle is defined as R; if the centers of all the X-ray detectors 12 are projected onto a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the object to be measured, the projections are distributed on a circle with O as the center, and the radius of the circle is defined as P, the image magnification calculation formula of the projection imaging system is as follows: and Q is D/R, wherein D is R + P, namely the distance from the center of the X-ray light source to the center of the detector.
As a further refinement, the update frequency of the projection plot is equal to the sampling frequency of a single line array detector.
The invention relates to a real-time transmission imaging detection device, which is characterized in that a plurality of groups of X-ray projection imaging systems are sequentially arranged along the translation motion direction of a detected object, and the whole detection process has no any rotation motion unlike the conventional CT. When the tested object passes through all projection imaging systems, the computer tomography real-time imaging is realized, and the refresh frequency of the slice image can reach the sampling frequency of a single detector.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an object under test on a conveyor belt;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the transmission imaging detection apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the laser emitter of the transmission imaging detection apparatus of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the placement of the laser receiver shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the X-ray source and line array detector shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a right side view of the X-ray source and line array detector shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the laser blocking sensor apparatus shown in FIG. 2 being unable to detect a measured object;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the laser blocking sensor apparatus shown in FIG. 7 detecting a measured object;
FIG. 9 is a system block diagram of a computed tomography system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
the apparatus and method disclosed in the present invention can be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The invention provides a transmission imaging detection device, in particular to an X-ray real-time transmission imaging detection device which is mainly applied to industrial online nondestructive detection and can also carry out real-time tomography on biological tissues. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the transmission imaging detection apparatus 10 is used for detecting a measured object 200 on a conveyor belt 100. The conveyor belt 100 drives the object 200 to move horizontally at a velocity v, the direction of v is defined as the z direction, the direction along the vertical line is defined as the y direction, the direction perpendicular to the v horizontal direction is defined as the x direction, and the sequence of the x, y and z axes meets the right-hand spiral rule, specifically, the direction is shown in the figure.
Wherein, the length of conveyer belt 100 is L, and thickness is TH, and the width is W the conveyer belt 100 is divided into K section along its length L within range, sets up a transmission formation of image detection device in every K section within range, so forms K transmission formation of image detection device.
Referring to fig. 2, each transmission imaging detection apparatus 10 includes an X-ray light source 11, an X-ray line array detector 12, a laser emitter 13, and a laser receiver 14, so that K X-ray light sources, K X-ray line array detectors, K laser emitters, and K laser receivers are required to be installed on the entire conveyor belt 100. Let the length of the nth segment in L direction be R (n), where n is an integer belonging to [1, K ]. The length L of the conveyor belt 100 is the effective imaging interval length. The X-ray light source 11 and the X-ray line array detector 12 form an X-ray projection image imaging device 40.
Specifically, when the translation speed v of the object 200 is 0.2m/s and the sampling frequency f of the X-ray detector is 20Hz, the distance s between the planes of adjacent slices in tomography is 0.2/20 and 0.01m is 10 mm. The length of R (n) must be set to an integer multiple of s, where n ∈ [1, K ] is an integer. The distance between adjacent slice image planes can be adjusted by changing two parameters of the translation speed of the measured object and the sampling frequency of the detector, and the calculation formula is that the translation speed of the measured object is divided by the sampling frequency of the detector.
The positional relationship and the installation relationship of the transmission imaging detection apparatus 10 with the conveyor belt 100 and the object 200 to be measured will be described below. Please refer to fig. 2 again, which is a schematic diagram of the installation of the n-th stage of the transmission imaging detection apparatus 10 on the conveyor belt 100, wherein n e [1, K ] is an integer. The imaging optical path of the X-ray source 11 and the line array detector 12 of the nth segment is in the xy plane. The line connecting the centers of the laser transmitter 13 and the laser receiver 14 is parallel to the x-axis. Further, the X-ray source 11 and the line array detector 12 are located on both sides of the thickness TH of the conveyor belt 100, and the laser emitter 13 and the laser receiver 14 are located on both sides of the width W of the conveyor belt 100.
Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5 in combination, fig. 3 is a front view of the laser emitter 13, fig. 4 is a front view of the laser receiver 14, the front view defined in this embodiment is a perspective view seen along the X direction, and fig. 5 is a front view of the X-ray source 11 and the line array detector 12. The line array detector 12 may be a line detector and an arc detector.
Please refer to fig. 6, which is a right side view of the X-ray source 11 and the line array detector 12, and the right side view in this embodiment is a perspective view looking along the direction opposite to z. The length of the line array detector 12 is a, the length of the X-ray source 11 to the midpoint of the line array detector 12 is D, and a connecting line between the centers of the X-ray source 11 and the line array detector 12 is perpendicular to the line array detector 12. The angle between the line array detector and the x-axis is theta, where theta is n alpha, and alpha is the rotation step angle of the CT projection image sampling. The center of rotation should be close to the center of the object 200 to be measured at the point O. When the CT system is designed to be in a full scanning mode, alpha is 2 pi/K; when the CT system is designed for short scan mode, α ═ pi +2 γ)/K. The calculation formula is that when the line array detector selects X-Scan P01040614, a is 614mm, and the distance D from the X-ray source to the center of the detector is designed to be 2000mm, the maximum fan angle γ is 0.1523 radian, which is converted into 8.727 degrees, where arctan 614/(2 × 2000). When the CT system is designed in full scan mode, and K is set to 128, the rotation step angle is pi/64 radians, namely 2.8125 degrees; when the CT system is designed for short scan mode, with K set to 128, the rotational step angle is 0.0269 radians, 1.5426 °. The XRB80N100 integrated fan-beam X-ray source is selected for system design. Let the length of the distance R from the light source center to the rotation center O be 1250mm, and the formula Q/R2000/1250 is 1.6 times according to the magnification of the system.
defining a plane formed by the center of each group of X-ray light sources 11 and the effective photosensitive line segments of the line array detector 12 as a projection image imaging light path plane, wherein the K projection image imaging light path planes are not coplanar and are parallel to each other; and defining a connecting line between the centers of each group of the X-ray light source 11 and the line array detector 12 as a central axis, and then the K central axes are not coplanar and form a certain angle with each other. The projection image imaging light path plane and the central axis are both vertical to the translational motion direction of the measured object.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the laser emitter 13 and the laser receiver 14 form a laser shielding sensing device 20, specifically, when the nth segment has no entity of the measured object 200, the laser emitted by the laser emitter 13 linearly propagates into the photosensitive area of the laser receiver 14, as shown in fig. 7; when there is a body of the measured object 200 in the nth segment, the laser emitted from the laser transmitter 13 is blocked and cannot propagate into the photosensitive area of the laser receiver 14, as shown in fig. 8. Judging the basis of the entity of the tested object 200 entering the nth segment detection area, namely the moment of the mutation from fig. 7 to fig. 8; the evidence for judging that the entity of the object 200 moves out of the nth segment of the detection area is the moment of the sudden change from fig. 8 to fig. 7. The laser blocking sensing device may be used in OMRON's E3JK-TR 12-L-D.
The transmission imaging detection device 10 of the invention arranges the X-ray light source 11 and the X-ray line array detector 12 in turn along the translation motion direction of the measured object 200, and projection image imaging light path planes of all the X-ray light source 11 and the X-ray line array detector 12 are parallel to each other and are all perpendicular to the translation direction of the measured object 200. The connecting lines of the centers of the X-ray light source 11 and the X-ray line array detector 12 of the adjacent groups form a certain angle with each other. The measured object 200 moves along a straight line and sequentially passes through each projection image imaging light path plane to complete the multi-angle projection image data acquisition required by CT reconstruction. The reconstruction software can display in real time the slice images for which all acquisition of projection data has been completed. The computer tomography system is suitable for use with flow lines and conveyor belts. When the translation speed of the measured object is v and the sampling frequency of the X-ray detector is f, the distance s between the planes of the adjacent slices is v/f.
The invention also provides a computer tomography system 30 applying the transmission imaging detection device 10. Referring to fig. 9, the data link is designed in a bus architecture mode due to the large amount of information collected from the X-ray projection data image and the large amount of calculation for reconstructing the slice image. The computer tomography system 30 comprises the transmission imaging detection apparatus 10, a cluster workstation 31 and a graphics workstation 32. Wherein, the detection signal of the K-path laser shielding sensing device 20 is reported to the cluster workstation 31 through the control bus 33; the data acquired by the K sets of X-ray line array detectors 12 are also uploaded to the cluster workstation 31 via the data bus 34. The cluster workstation 31 is responsible for acquiring projection data, preprocessing the projection data (such as denoising, taking logarithm to remove background, filtering, etc.), and then uploading the processed data to the graphics workstation 32 through the transmission bus 35, where the graphics workstation 32 performs final CT slice reconstruction, display, and data storage.
Referring to fig. 6, if all the centers of the X-ray sources are projected onto a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the object 200, all the projections are distributed on a circle with a center at O, and the radius of the circle is defined as R; if all the centers of the X-ray detectors 12 are projected onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of motion of the object 200 to be measured, all the projections are also distributed on a circle centered at O, and the radius of the circle is defined as P. Then the image magnification calculation formula of the projection imaging system is: q is D/R, where D is R + P, i.e. the distance from the center of the X-ray source 11 to the center of the detector 12.
The number of projections K is an important parameter of the computed tomography real-time imaging system. The projection pattern sampling angle interval is 2 pi radians (i.e., 360 deg. of a complete circle) when the system is set to the full scan mode, and pi +2 gamma radians (slightly larger than half a circle, gamma being the fan angle of the fan beam CT) when the system is set to the short scan mode. K X-ray light sources/detector groups are arranged in a length range with the length L along the direction of the conveyor belt 100, the length of each group of detectors and light sources along the moving direction of the conveyor belt is R, R is a constant according to the conventional design, but in order to avoid universality, the length of each section is R (n), wherein n belongs to [1, K ] and is a positive integer. The R (n) s may be equal or different, but must be integral multiples of the spacing s of the planes of adjacent slices, and are all greater than or equal to the minimum length Umin necessary to mount the X-ray source and detector.
each R (n) interval may be provided with a set of laser shielding sensing devices 20, which are composed of 1 laser light source and 1 laser receiver, and are used to detect whether the detected sample enters or leaves the sensing interval. Therefore, the accumulated error of the conveyor belt displacement sensing can be effectively reduced. If a laser shielding sensing device is to be additionally installed, R (n) is required to be greater than or equal to Umin + Vmin, wherein Vmin is the minimum length for installing a laser light source and a laser receiver.
defining a connecting line of the light source and the detector center of each group as a central axis d (i), wherein the central axes d (i) and d (i +1) of adjacent groups form an angle alpha, alpha is a rotation stepping angle of a projection diagram in CT reconstruction, and i belongs to [1, K-1] and is a positive integer. The central axes may also be arranged out of order, but must cover all of the projection view sampled circumferential angles. For example, when K is 8, α is pi/4, and the included angle between the central axis d (i) and the vertical line is θ, the conventionally designed θ angles from d (1) to d (8) should be sequentially pi/4, pi/2, 3 pi/4, pi, 5 pi/4, 3 pi/2, 7 pi/4, and 2 pi; it can also be designed unconventionally as 2 π, π/2, π, 3 π/2, π/4, 5 π/4, 3 π/4, 7 π/4. The unconventional designs have a variety of permutation and combination sequences, which are not listed here.
The laser shielding sensing device 20 and the X-ray projection image imaging device 40 are K groups: wherein, the output signals of the K groups of laser shielding sensing devices 20 are transmitted to the cluster workstation 31 through the control bus 33; the output signals of the K groups of X-ray projection imaging devices 40 are transmitted to the cluster workstation 31 via the data bus 34. The cluster workstation 31 is responsible for all data acquisition and preprocessing work, the preprocessed data are uploaded to the graphic workstation 32 through the transmission bus 35, and the graphic workstation 32 reconstructs and displays a CT slice image. Both cluster workstation 31 and graphics workstation 32 utilize GPU parallel processing to increase the speed of operation. The whole data acquisition, processing, reconstruction, storage and display are all flow line type processes, and the slice images are updated all the time in real time.
The data of the control bus 33 and the data bus 34 are refreshed in real time, the data processed by the cluster workstation 31 are directly transmitted to the graphic workstation 32 through the transmission bus 35, and the slice image displayed by the graphic workstation 32 is updated in real time. To match the speed of the projected graph sampling, both cluster workstation 31 and graphics workstation 32 use GPU parallel processing to increase the speed of operation. When the sampling frequency of each X-ray line array sensor is set to 20Hz, the slice refresh frequency of the graphics workstation 32 will also be able to reach 20 Hz.
The invention relates to a real-time transmission imaging detection device 10, which is characterized in that a plurality of groups of X-ray projection imaging systems 40 are sequentially arranged along the translation movement direction of a measured object 200, and the whole detection process has no rotation movement unlike the conventional CT. When the measured object 200 passes through all the projection imaging systems 40, the computer tomography real-time imaging is realized, the refresh frequency of the slice image can reach the sampling frequency of a single detector, and the method can be applied to the fields of nondestructive testing and radiographic images.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The transmission imaging detection device is used for acquiring a projection drawing of a measured object on a conveying belt and is characterized by comprising an X-ray projection drawing imaging device and a laser shielding sensing device, wherein the measured object horizontally moves on the conveying belt to penetrate through the X-ray projection drawing imaging device and the laser shielding sensing device, the laser shielding sensing device judges that the measured object enters a detection area, and the X-ray projection drawing imaging device acquires projection drawing data of the measured object entering the detection area.
2. the transmission imaging detection device of claim 1, wherein the X-ray projection image imaging device comprises an X-ray light source and an X-ray line array detector, the laser shielding sensing device comprises a laser emitter and a laser receiver, the X-ray light source and the line array detector are located on two sides of the thickness of the conveyor belt, and the laser emitter and the laser receiver are located on two sides of the width of the conveyor belt.
3. the transmission imaging detection device according to claim 2, wherein K X-ray light sources and X-ray line array detectors constitute K sets of X-ray projection image imaging devices, K laser emitters and laser receivers constitute K sets of laser shielding sensing devices, and the K sets of X-ray projection image imaging devices and the laser shielding sensing devices are sequentially arranged along a translational motion direction of the object to be measured.
4. The transmission imaging detection device of claim 3, wherein the plane formed by the center of each set of X-ray light source and the effective photosensitive line segments of the line array detector is a projection image imaging light path plane, and the K projection image imaging light path planes are not coplanar and are parallel to each other; the connecting line of the X-ray light source and the line array detector is a central axis, and the K central axes are not coplanar and form a certain angle with each other.
5. The transmission imaging detection device of claim 4, wherein the projection imaging optical path plane and the central axis are both perpendicular to the translational motion direction of the measured object.
6. The transmission imaging detection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the scanning angle intervals on the circumference covered by the K central axes include a full scanning angle interval or a short scanning angle interval: wherein the full scanning angle interval is 2 pi radian; the short scan is pi +2 gamma radians.
7. A computed tomography system for imaging a projection view acquired by a transmission imaging detection device, the computed tomography system comprising the transmission imaging detection device of any one of claims 1-6, and a cluster workstation and a graphics workstation connected to the transmission imaging detection device.
8. the computer tomography system of claim 7, wherein the detection signal of the laser shielding sensing device is reported to the cluster workstation through a control bus; the data collected by the X-ray line array detector are uploaded to the cluster workstation through a data bus; the cluster workstation uploads the collected projection data to the graphic workstation through a transmission bus, and the graphic workstation reconstructs a projection image.
9. The computed tomography system of claim 8 wherein the X-ray source center projects onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of motion of the object under test, all projections being distributed on a circle centered at O, the circle having a radius defined as R; if the centers of all the X-ray detectors 12 are projected onto a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the object to be measured, the projections are distributed on a circle with O as the center, and the radius of the circle is defined as P, the image magnification calculation formula of the projection imaging system is as follows: and Q is D/R, wherein D is R + P, namely the distance from the center of the X-ray light source to the center of the detector.
10. A computer tomography system according to claim 8, wherein the update frequency of the projection map is equal to the sampling frequency of a single line array detector.
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