CN110567815A - precision measurement test device and method for Poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment - Google Patents
precision measurement test device and method for Poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110567815A CN110567815A CN201910904430.9A CN201910904430A CN110567815A CN 110567815 A CN110567815 A CN 110567815A CN 201910904430 A CN201910904430 A CN 201910904430A CN 110567815 A CN110567815 A CN 110567815A
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 139
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/062—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with mechanical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering tests, and relates to a device and a method for precisely measuring the Poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediments, wherein the device comprises a pressure controller, a hydraulic controller, a computer, a triaxial apparatus, a volume compensation system and a high-precision deformation measurement system; the volume compensation system is arranged in the triaxial apparatus and connected with the pressure controller; the high-precision deformation measuring system is arranged outside the triaxial apparatus and is respectively connected with the pressure controller and the hydraulic controller; the computer is respectively connected with the pressure controller and the hydraulic controller. The invention provides a precise measurement test device and method capable of measuring transverse deformation and longitudinal deformation of a sediment soil sample in an in-situ stress state and obtaining the Poisson's ratio of the sediment soil sample, small disturbance to the soil sample and high precision of shallow soft sediment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering tests, and relates to a device and a method for precisely measuring the Poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediments, in particular to a device and a method for obtaining the Poisson's ratio of seabed shallow soft sediments by high-precision measurement testing.
Background
The poisson ratio is an important parameter in geotechnical engineering, is an absolute value of the ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain of a soil sample in an elastic small deformation range, and reflects a constant of the transverse deformation characteristic of a material. At present, there are many methods for measuring the poisson ratio of a soil body, such as a conventional strain gauge method, a digital image technology method, a CT scanning method and an actual measurement wave velocity method. However, the conventional strain gauge method mainly aims at objects with high rigidity, and for general seabed shallow sediment soil bodies with low rigidity, the strain gauge cannot be effectively embedded and fixed on a measured sediment soil sample; the digital image technology method has the problems of liquid refraction in a triaxial confining pressure chamber and numerical value correction of three-dimensional to two-dimensional plane images; the CT scanning method is expensive and is difficult to recover the sediment soil sample to the original stress state for measurement; the actual measurement wave velocity method has very high requirements on sample coupling, and once bubbles are contained in soil, the bubbles can obviously attenuate wave propagation, so that the measurement is inaccurate. Seabed shallow sediment generally has characteristics such as soft structure, intensity low, rigidity is little, atress sensitivity. In the test, if a rubber film is used for wrapping the sample, the rubber film has a restraint effect on the transverse deformation of the sample, and the restraint effect is not negligible for high-precision Poisson ratio measurement. Therefore, for shallow soft deposits, the constraint of the rubber mold must be removed in the test to obtain the poisson ratio.
disclosure of Invention
in order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a precise measurement test device and method which can directly measure the transverse deformation and the longitudinal deformation of a soil sample of a deposit in an in-situ stress state, obtain the Poisson ratio of the soil sample, and have small disturbance and high precision on the soil sample.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a shallow layer soft deposit poisson's ratio's precision measurement test device which characterized in that: the device for precisely measuring the Poisson's ratio of the shallow soft sediment comprises a pressure controller, a hydraulic controller, a computer, a triaxial apparatus, a volume compensation system and a high-precision deformation measurement system; the volume compensation system is arranged in the triaxial apparatus and connected with the pressure controller; the high-precision deformation measuring system is arranged outside the triaxial apparatus and is respectively connected with the pressure controller and the hydraulic controller; and the computer is respectively connected with the pressure controller and the hydraulic controller.
preferably, the triaxial apparatus adopted by the invention comprises a sample base, and a triaxial pressure chamber is made of transparent toughened materials (under the constant temperature condition, the volume is not changed under the pressure of less than 15 MPa); the volume compensation system comprises a compensator connected with the sample base; the top of the compensator is communicated with a pressure controller.
Preferably, the compensator adopted by the invention comprises a compensator valve, a compensator head, a compensator inner cavity, an O-shaped ring, a shaft sleeve, a compensating rod and a bayonet; a compensator inner cavity is arranged in the shaft sleeve; the compensation rod is arranged in the compensator inner cavity of the shaft sleeve and can freely move along the axial direction of the shaft sleeve; the bottom of the compensation rod is connected with the sample base through the bayonet and moves synchronously with the sample base; the compensator valve is communicated with the inner cavity of the compensator through the compensator head; the pressure controller is communicated with the compensator valve; an O-shaped ring is arranged between the compensation rod and the shaft sleeve.
preferably, the high-precision deformation measuring system adopted by the invention comprises a soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device and a soil sample transverse deformation measuring device; the soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the sample base and is connected with the sample base; the hydraulic controller drives the sample base to move up and down along the axial direction of the triaxial apparatus through the soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device; the soil sample transverse deformation measuring device is arranged outside the triaxial apparatus; and the pressure controller is communicated with the soil sample transverse deformation measuring device.
Preferably, the soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device adopted by the invention comprises a lifting column, a displacement sensor and a hydraulic chamber; the hydraulic chamber is connected with the sample base through a lifting column; the hydraulic controller is communicated with the hydraulic chamber and drives the sample base to move up and down along the axial direction of the triaxial apparatus through the hydraulic chamber and the lifting column; the displacement sensor is connected with and parallel to the lifting column; the tip of the displacement sensor abuts against the upper surface of the hydraulic chamber.
preferably, the lifting column used in the present invention has the same cross-sectional area as the compensating rod.
preferably, the soil sample transverse deformation measuring device adopted by the invention comprises a high-resolution CCD camera, a pressure-resistant transparent glass tube, a lifting support and a pressure chamber body variable valve; the high-resolution CCD camera (the size of a pixel point of the CCD camera is less than or equal to 1 mu m) is arranged at the top of the triaxial apparatus through the lifting support; the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube is communicated with the inside of the triaxial apparatus through the pressure chamber variable valve; the pressure controller is communicated with the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube; mineral oil is filled in the triaxial apparatus during operation; the mineral oil overflows from the interior of the triaxial apparatus and is retained in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube to form an oil-water interface; and the lens of the high-resolution CCD camera is aligned to an oil-water interface.
preferably, the triaxial apparatus adopted by the present invention further comprises a triaxial pressure chamber, a pressure chamber base, an oil inlet/outlet, an exhaust hole, an axial stress sensor, a split mold, a support column, a bearing platform and a nut; the triaxial pressure chamber and the pressure chamber base are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form a cavity; an oil inlet/outlet is arranged at the bottom of the pressure chamber base; the top of the triaxial pressure chamber is provided with an exhaust hole; the exhaust hole is provided with a screw cap matched with the end structure of the exhaust hole; the axial stress sensor is arranged at the top of the triaxial pressure chamber; the sample base is arranged in a cavity formed by the triaxial pressure chamber and the pressure chamber base; the split mold is arranged on a sample base; the pressure chamber base is fixed on the bearing platform through a support column; the mineral oil is filled in a cavity formed by the triaxial pressure chamber and the pressure chamber base and overflows from the cavity into the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube.
A method for precisely measuring the Poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Fixing the pressure chamber base; the hydraulic chamber is subjected to pressure relief through a hydraulic controller, and the lifting column is lowered to the bottom; then adjusting the displacement sensor to be in close contact with the salient point on the top of the hydraulic chamber;
2) fixing the split mold on a sample base, and filling the prepared soft sediment soil sample into the split mold; then horizontally fixing the bayonet with the sample base;
3) Mineral oil is introduced from the oil inlet/outlet, when the mineral oil submerges the soil sample, the oil inlet/outlet is closed, then the split mold is loosened and slowly taken out, so that the soft sediment soil sample can maintain the original state;
4) Opening a compensator valve and communicating with a compensator head; installing an O-shaped ring in the shaft sleeve, pushing the compensating rod to the bottom of the shaft sleeve, and closing the compensator valve; adjusting the axial stress sensor to the highest position, and screwing the triaxial pressure chamber on a pressure chamber base; adjusting the axial stress sensor to be in contact with the top of the soil sample; then, a compensating rod in the compensator is put down to be in contact with the bayonet by slowly opening a valve of the compensator;
5) Opening the oil inlet/outlet to continuously introduce mineral oil into the triaxial pressure chamber, inclining for 1-3 degrees when the mineral oil reaches the top of the triaxial pressure chamber, enabling the exhaust hole to be at the highest position point, closing the oil inlet/outlet after exhausting air in the triaxial pressure chamber, and simultaneously sealing the exhaust hole by using a screw cap and then flattening the device; slowly opening the oil inlet/outlet to continuously introduce the mineral oil, enabling the mineral oil to reach the calibrated scale mark on the side wall of the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube, and closing the oil inlet/outlet; adjusting the height of the high-resolution CCD camera on the lifting support to enable the lens of the high-resolution CCD camera to be aligned to an oil-water interface in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube;
6) connecting the compensator valve and the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube with corresponding interfaces of the pressure controller, and opening the compensator valve and the pressure chamber body change valve;
7) setting the pressure value of the pressure controller by a computer, pressurizing the mineral oil in the triaxial pressure chamber, and recovering the sediment soil sample to the stress state in the original position by the confining pressure exerted by the mineral oil; then a computer is provided with a hydraulic controller to adjust the lifting height of the lifting column;
8) Measuring longitudinal strain epsilon of sediment soil sample1and the transverse strain epsilon of the soil sample2(ii) a According to the formula
and calculating to obtain the Poisson ratio v of the sediment soil sample.
preferably, the specific implementation manner of step 8) adopted by the invention is as follows:
In the process of measuring the longitudinal deformation of the sediment soil sample, the lifting column is lifted by the hydraulic chamber to move upwards, and the displacement of the lifting column is measured by a bottom probe of the displacement sensor, so that the longitudinal deformation delta l of the sediment soil sample is obtained;
In the process of measuring the transverse deformation of the sediment soil sample, the change of an oil-water interface in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube on the scale is observed through a high-resolution CCD camera, and the total volume change of the sediment soil sample, namely the volume deformation delta v, is measured; and finally, converting the measured longitudinal deformation and transverse deformation of the sediment soil sample into longitudinal strain and transverse strain, wherein the strain is the ratio of the deformation delta l to the original size l and is expressed by epsilon, namely:
Wherein ε is a dimensionless number, expressed in percent, then:
Wherein:
delta l is the axial deformation of the sediment soil sample in mm;
l is the initial length of the sediment soil sample in mm;
vfirst stageIs the volume change of the sediment soil sample in mm3；
Δ v is the initial volume of the sediment soil sample in mm3；
ε1Is the longitudinal strain of the sediment soil sample;
εvChanging a sediment soil sample body;
ε2transverse strain of the sediment soil sample;
ν is the sediment soil sample poisson ratio.
the invention has the advantages that:
The invention provides a device and a method for precisely measuring the Poisson ratio of shallow soft sediment, wherein the device comprises a pressure controller, a hydraulic controller, a computer, a triaxial apparatus, a volume compensation system and a high-precision deformation measurement system; the volume compensation system is arranged in the triaxial apparatus and connected with the pressure controller; the high-precision deformation measuring system is arranged outside the triaxial apparatus and is respectively connected with the pressure controller and the hydraulic controller; the computer is respectively connected with the pressure controller and the hydraulic controller. The volume compensation system is adopted, so that the volume variation of the soil sample is equal to the volume variation of mineral oil in the triaxial pressure chamber; the triaxial pressure chamber is pressurized by mineral oil, and the deformation constraint effect of the rubber membrane on the soil sample is removed, so that the measurement value can more truly reflect the real deformation state of the soft sediment soil sample; the invention has small disturbance to the sediment soil sample, can recover the sediment soil sample to the original stress state for measurement, removes the influence of the rubber film and has more accurate result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring Poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus provided by the present invention;
wherein, the names corresponding to the figure numbers in the drawings are as follows:
1-a compensator; 11-compensator valves; 12-compensator heads; 13-compensator inner cavity; 14-O-ring; 15-shaft sleeve; 16-a compensation rod; 17-bayonet; 2-high resolution CCD camera; 21-pressure-resistant transparent glass tube; 22-oil-water interface; 23-a lifting support; 24-pressure chamber variable valve; 25-a lifting column; 26-a displacement sensor; 27-a hydraulic chamber; 3-soil sample; 31-a three-axis pressure chamber; 32-axial stress sensor; 33-mineral oil; 34-split molding; 35-sample base; 36-pressure chamber base; 37-oil inlet/outlet; 38-support column; 39-a cushion cap; 40-a screw cap; 41-air vent; 42-triaxial apparatus; 43-a pressure controller; 44-a hydraulic controller; 45-computer.
Detailed Description
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the embodiments and the operation of the present invention is provided with examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The structure, operation and application of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a device for precisely measuring poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment, which comprises a pressure controller 43, a hydraulic controller 44, a computer 45, a triaxial apparatus 42, a volume compensation system and a high-precision deformation measurement system; the volume compensation system is arranged inside the triaxial apparatus 42 and connected to the pressure controller 43; the high-precision deformation measuring system is arranged outside the triaxial apparatus 42 and is respectively connected with the pressure controller 43 and the hydraulic controller 44; the computer 45 is connected to the pressure controller 43 and the hydraulic controller 44, respectively.
Wherein, the volume compensation system is formed into an independent volume compensation system by the compensator 1, the compensator valve 11 and the bayonet 17. The compensator 1 comprises a compensator valve 11, a compensator head 12, a compensator interior 13, an O-ring 14, a bushing 15, and a compensator rod 16. The shaft sleeve 15 of the compensator 1 is arranged inside the triaxial pressure chamber 31, the O-ring 14 is arranged in the shaft sleeve 15, and the compensating rod 16 is positioned in the shaft sleeve15, in the step (a); the compensator valve 11 is arranged at the top of the three-shaft pressure chamber 31, and the compensator valve 11 is communicated with the compensator head 12; the bayonet 17 is mounted on the compensation rod 16. The O-shaped ring 14 seals the inner cavity 13 of the compensator, so that the inner cavity 13 of the compensator and the triaxial pressure chamber 31 are not communicated with each other, and during testing, the pressures in the inner cavity 13 of the compensator and the triaxial pressure chamber 31 can be independently controlled by the pressure controller 43 respectively, so that the compensating rod 16 and the bayonet 17 are always in a tight contact state; wherein the cross-sectional area of the compensating rod 16 is the same as that of the lifting column 25, when the lifting column 25 is pushed to move upwards by the pressure of the hydraulic chamber 27, the bayonet 17 fixed on the sample base 35 can synchronously push the compensating rod 16 to move, so as to eliminate the volume change of the mineral oil 33 caused by the movement of the lifting column 25 into and out of the triaxial pressure chamber 31, namely VRow board＝Vsupplement deviceSo that the change in volume of the mineral oil 33 in the triaxial cell 31 is only related to the change in volume of the sediment soil sample 3 and not to the apparatus itself. The triaxial cell 31 is filled with mineral oil 33, the mineral oil 33 preferably being a transparent incompressible mineral oil.
The high-precision deformation measuring system takes the displacement sensor 26 and the high-resolution CCD camera 2 as measuring means, and can directly measure the longitudinal deformation and the transverse deformation of the sediment soil sample 3 with high precision. The longitudinal deformation of the sediment soil sample is measured by a lifting column 25, a displacement sensor 26 and a hydraulic chamber 27; the transverse deformation of the sediment soil sample is measured by a high-resolution CCD camera 2, a pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21, an oil-water interface 22, a lifting support 23 and a pressure chamber variable valve 24.
In the process of measuring the longitudinal deformation of the sediment soil sample, the displacement sensor 26 is fixed in parallel with the lifting column 25, and meanwhile, a probe at the bottom of the displacement sensor 26 is always in close contact with a salient point at the top of the hydraulic chamber 27; the lifting column 25 is lifted by the hydraulic chamber 27 to move upwards, and the displacement of the lifting column 25 is measured by the bottom probe of the displacement sensor 26, so that the displacement of the soil sample 3, namely the longitudinal deformation delta l, is obtained. In the measurement of the transverse deformation of the soil sample, the height of the high-resolution CCD camera 2 on the lifting support 23 needs to be adjusted to an oil-water interface 22 in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21; the pressure chamber body variable valve 24 is arranged at the top of the triaxial pressure chamber 31, and the interiors are mutually communicated; the pressure-resistant transparent glass 21 is vertically fixed on the top of the pressure chamber variable valve 24; the change of the oil-water interface 22 in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21 on the scale is observed by the high-resolution CCD camera 2, so that the total volume change of the soil sample 3, namely the volume deformation DeltaV, is measured. Wherein the high resolution CCD camera 2; the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21 (quartz transparent pressure-resistant glass tube, inner diameter 2-5 mm, pressure resistance more than or equal to 15MPa) needs to have the characteristics of large rigidity, high pressure resistance and small inner diameter. And finally, converting the measured longitudinal deformation and transverse deformation of the soil sample into longitudinal strain and transverse strain, wherein the strain is the ratio of the deformation delta l to the original size l and is expressed by epsilon, namely:
where ε is a dimensionless number, expressed as a percentage. Thus, there are:
Wherein:
Delta l is axial deformation mm of the sediment soil sample;
l-initial length mm of sediment soil sample;
Vfirst stage-volume change of sediment soil sample mm3；
Delta V-initial volume mm of sediment soil sample3；
ε1-longitudinal strain of the sediment soil sample;
εv-the sediment soil sample body is changed;
ε2-transverse strain of the sediment soil sample;
ν -Poisson's ratio of sediment soil sample.
the triaxial cell system is similar to a conventional geotechnical triaxial cell and consists of a triaxial apparatus 42, an external pressure controller 43 and an external hydraulic controller 44. The triaxial apparatus 42 includes a triaxial pressure chamber 31, an axial stress sensor 32, a sample base 35, a pressure chamber base 36, an oil inlet/outlet port 37, a support column 38, a bearing table 39, a nut 40, and an exhaust hole 41. The pressure chamber base 36 is fixed on a bearing platform 39 by three support columns 38; the oil inlet/outlet port 37 is installed at the lower part of the pressure chamber base 36; fixing the split mold 34 on the sample base 35 to form a cylindrical cavity, and preparing a sediment soil sample 3 in the cylindrical cavity or directly putting the processed sediment soil sample 3 into the cylindrical cavity; the triaxial pressure chamber 31 is connected with a pressure chamber base 36; the axial stress sensor 32 is arranged at the upper part of the triaxial pressure chamber 31; the pipe orifice of the pressure controller 43 is connected with the pressure-resistant transparent glass pipe 21; mineral oil 33 is filled in the whole triaxial pressure chamber 31, and the highest oil-water interface 22 reaches the position 200 mm-300 mm from the bottom end of the glass tube at the scale mark on the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21; the nut 40 is installed on the upper portion of the triaxial cell 31. The mineral oil 33 belongs to a non-infiltration phase fluid, has the characteristic that water and gas are difficult to dissolve mutually, can effectively protect the original state of the sediment soil sample 3, has compressibility far lower than that of water, has small volume change negligibly under the condition of bearing high pressure, and thus meets the requirement of measuring the high-precision body poisson's ratio of the soil sample 3; wherein the screw cap 40 is matched with the exhaust hole 41.
the invention provides a precise measurement test device for the Poisson ratio of shallow soft sediment, which is used for measuring the Poisson ratio of seabed shallow gas-containing soft soil sediment, in the sediment soil sample 3 in the embodiment, the particle size of seabed clay is less than 0.075mm, the water content of dry soil is 2.5%, a method disclosed in the Chinese patent number ZL201310752757.1 entitled "variable pressure controllable gas replacement reaction device and application thereof in preparation of gas-containing soil sample" is used for preparing a remolded gas-containing sediment soil sample by virtue of zeolite, the diameter d is 50mm, the height h is 100mm, the gas content is 1%, the Poisson ratio measurement is carried out according to the following steps, and the whole experiment is carried out under the constant temperature condition:
1) Horizontally fixing the pressure chamber base 36 on a bearing platform 39 by using a supporting column 38; then the hydraulic chamber 27 is relieved of pressure through the hydraulic controller 44, and the lifting column 25 is lowered to the bottom; the readjustment displacement sensor 26 is in close contact with the bump on the top of the hydraulic chamber 27.
2) Fixing the split mold 34 on the sample base 35, and filling the prepared sediment soil sample 3 into the split mold 34; the bayonet 17 is horizontally fixed to the sample base 35.
3) mineral oil 33 is introduced from the oil inlet/outlet 37, when the mineral oil 33 submerges the soil sample 3, the oil inlet/outlet 37 is closed, and then the split mold 34 is loosened and slowly taken out, so that the soft soil sample 3 can maintain the original state.
4) Opening the compensator valve 11 and communicating with the compensator head 12; installing an O-shaped ring 14 in the shaft sleeve 15, pushing the compensating rod 16 to the bottom of the shaft sleeve 15, and closing the compensator valve 11; the axial stress sensor 32 is adjusted to the highest position, and the triaxial pressure chamber 31 is screwed on the pressure chamber base 36; and adjusting the axial stress sensor 32 to be in contact with the top of the soil sample 3, and lowering the compensating rod 16 in the compensator 1 to be in contact with the bayonet 17 by slowly opening the compensator valve 11.
5) Opening the oil inlet/outlet 37 to continuously introduce the mineral oil 33 into the triaxial pressure chamber 31, inclining the device by 1-3 degrees when the mineral oil 33 reaches the top of the triaxial pressure chamber 31, enabling the exhaust hole 41 to be at the highest position point, closing the oil inlet/outlet 37 after exhausting the air in the triaxial pressure chamber 31, and simultaneously sealing the exhaust hole 41 by using a screw cap 40 and then flattening the device; slowly opening the oil inlet/outlet 37 and continuously introducing the mineral oil 33, so that the mineral oil 33 reaches the calibrated scale mark on the side wall of the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21, and closing the oil inlet/outlet 37; the height of the high-resolution CCD camera 2 is adjusted on the lifting support 23, so that the lens of the high-resolution CCD camera 2 is aligned to the oil-water interface 22 in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21.
6) The compensator valve 11 and the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21 are connected to the corresponding interfaces of the pressure controller 43, and the compensator valve 11 and the pressure chamber body change valve 24 are opened.
7) The computer 45 sets the pressure value of the pressure controller 43 to be 50kPa to pressurize the mineral oil 33 in the triaxial pressure chamber 31 (the control software is a mature software operating system), and the confining pressure of the mineral oil 33 is used for restoring the soil sample 3 to the original stress state (surface sediments under the water depth of 5 m); recording the scale value at the oil-water interface 22 in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21 as a volume zero value at the moment; the computer 45 is provided with a hydraulic controller 44 to adjust the lifting height of the lifting column 25.
8) The height change of the lifting column 25 is recorded to be 0.0095mm through the displacement sensor 26; the volume change amount of the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube 21 after the rise of the oil-water interface 22 was observed to be-1883.862 mm by the high-resolution CCD camera 23Substituting the formula II and the formula III to obtain the longitudinal strain and the volume strain of the soil sample 3:
substituting the formula IV and the formula V with the formula IV:
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the utility model provides a shallow layer soft deposit poisson's ratio's precision measurement test device which characterized in that: the device for precisely measuring the Poisson's ratio of the shallow soft sediment comprises a pressure controller (43), a hydraulic controller (44), a computer (45), a triaxial apparatus (42), a volume compensation system and a high-precision deformation measurement system; the volume compensation system is arranged inside the triaxial apparatus (42) and is connected with the pressure controller (43); the high-precision deformation measuring system is arranged outside the triaxial apparatus (42) and is respectively connected with the pressure controller (43) and the hydraulic controller (44); the computer (45) is respectively connected with the pressure controller (43) and the hydraulic controller (44).
2. the apparatus for precisely measuring the poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the triaxial apparatus (42) comprises a sample base (35), and the volume compensation system comprises a compensator (1) connected with the sample base (35); the top of the compensator (1) is communicated with a pressure controller (43).
3. The apparatus for precisely measuring the poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the compensator (1) comprises a compensator valve (11), a compensator head (12), a compensator inner cavity (13), an O-shaped ring (14), a shaft sleeve (15), a compensating rod (16) and a bayonet (17); a compensator inner cavity (13) is arranged in the shaft sleeve (15); the compensation rod (16) is arranged in a compensator inner cavity (13) of the shaft sleeve (15) and can freely move along the axial direction of the shaft sleeve (15); the bottom of the compensating rod (16) is connected with the sample base (35) through a bayonet (17) and moves synchronously with the sample base (35); the compensator valve (11) is communicated with the compensator inner cavity (13) through a compensator head (12); the pressure controller (43) is communicated with the compensator valve (11); an O-shaped ring (14) is arranged between the compensation rod (16) and the shaft sleeve (15).
4. the apparatus for precisely measuring the poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the high-precision deformation measuring system comprises a soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device and a soil sample transverse deformation measuring device; the soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the sample base (35) and connected with the sample base (35); the hydraulic controller (44) drives the sample base (35) to move up and down along the axial direction of the triaxial apparatus (42) through the soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device; the soil sample transverse deformation measuring device is arranged outside the triaxial apparatus (42); the pressure controller (43) is communicated with the soil sample transverse deformation measuring device; the soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device comprises a lifting column (25), and the cross sectional area of the lifting column (25) is the same as that of the compensating rod (16).
5. the apparatus for precisely measuring the poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the soil sample longitudinal deformation measuring device further comprises a displacement sensor (26) and a hydraulic chamber (27); the hydraulic chamber (27) is connected with a sample base (35) through a lifting column (25); the hydraulic controller (44) is communicated with the hydraulic chamber (27) and drives the sample base (35) to move up and down along the axial direction of the triaxial apparatus (42) through the hydraulic chamber (27) and the lifting column (25); the displacement sensor (26) is connected with the lifting column (25) and is parallel to the lifting column; the end of the displacement sensor (26) rests against the upper surface of the hydraulic chamber (27).
6. the apparatus for precisely measuring the poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the soil sample transverse deformation measuring device comprises a high-resolution CCD camera (2), a pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21), a lifting support (23) and a pressure chamber body variable valve (24); the high-resolution CCD camera (2) is arranged at the top of the triaxial apparatus (42) through a lifting support (23); the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21) is communicated with the inside of the triaxial apparatus (42) through a pressure chamber body variable valve (24); the pressure controller (43) is communicated with the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21); the interior of the triaxial apparatus (42) is filled with mineral oil (33) during operation; the mineral oil (33) overflows from the inside of the triaxial apparatus (42) and is kept in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21) and forms an oil-water interface (22); the lens of the high-resolution CCD camera (2) is aligned to an oil-water interface (22).
7. The apparatus for precisely measuring the poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the triaxial apparatus (42) further comprises a triaxial pressure chamber (31), a pressure chamber base (36), an oil inlet/outlet (37), an exhaust hole (41), an axial stress sensor (32), a split mold (34), a support column (38), a bearing platform (39) and a screw cap (40); the three-axis pressure chamber (31) and the pressure chamber base (36) are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form a cavity; an oil inlet/outlet (37) is arranged at the bottom of the pressure chamber base (36); the top of the triaxial pressure chamber (31) is provided with an exhaust hole (41); the exhaust hole (41) is provided with a screw cap (40) matched with the end structure of the exhaust hole (41); the axial stress sensor (32) is arranged at the top of the triaxial pressure chamber (31); the sample base (35) is arranged in a cavity formed by the triaxial pressure chamber (31) and the pressure chamber base (36); the split mold (34) is arranged on a sample base (35); the pressure chamber base (36) is fixed on a bearing platform (39) through a supporting column (38); the mineral oil (33) fills the cavity formed by the triaxial pressure chamber (31) and the pressure chamber base (36) and overflows from the cavity into the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21).
8. A method for precisely measuring the Poisson's ratio of shallow soft sediment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) fixing the pressure chamber base (36); the hydraulic chamber (27) is decompressed through a hydraulic controller (44), and the lifting column (25) is lowered to the bottom; then the displacement sensor (26) is adjusted to be in close contact with the salient point on the top of the hydraulic chamber (27);
2) Fixing the split mold (34) on a sample base (35), and filling the prepared sediment soil sample (3) into the split mold (34); then horizontally fixing the bayonet (17) and the sample base (35);
3) Mineral oil (33) is introduced from the oil inlet/outlet (37), when the mineral oil (33) submerges the sediment soil sample (3), the oil inlet/outlet (37) is closed, then the split mold (34) is loosened and slowly taken out, so that the soft sediment soil sample (3) can maintain the original state;
4) Opening the compensator valve (11) and communicating with the compensator head (12); installing an O-shaped ring (14) in the shaft sleeve (15), pushing the compensating rod (16) to the bottom of the shaft sleeve (15), and closing the compensator valve (11); adjusting the axial stress sensor (32) to the highest position, and screwing the triaxial pressure chamber (31) on the pressure chamber base (26); adjusting the axial stress sensor (32) to be in contact with the top of the soil sample (3); then, a compensating rod (16) in the compensator (1) is put down to be in contact with a bayonet (17) by slowly opening a compensator valve (11);
5) Opening the oil inlet/outlet (37) to continuously introduce mineral oil (33) into the triaxial pressure chamber (31), inclining 1-3 degrees when the mineral oil (33) reaches the top of the triaxial pressure chamber (31), enabling the exhaust hole (41) to be at the highest position point, closing the oil inlet/outlet (37) after exhausting air in the triaxial pressure chamber (31), and simultaneously sealing the exhaust hole (41) by using a screw cap (40); a releveling device; slowly opening the oil inlet/outlet (37) and continuously introducing mineral oil (33) to enable the mineral oil (33) to reach the calibrated scale mark on the side wall of the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21), and closing the oil inlet/outlet (37); the height of the high-resolution CCD camera (2) is adjusted on the lifting support (23), so that the lens of the high-resolution CCD camera (2) is aligned to an oil-water interface (22) in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21);
6) Connecting the compensator valve (11) and the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21) with corresponding interfaces of a pressure controller (43), and opening the compensator valve (11) and the pressure chamber body-to-body valve (24);
7) Setting a pressure value of a pressure controller (43) by a computer (45), pressurizing mineral oil (33) in a triaxial pressure chamber (31), and recovering the sediment soil sample (3) to a stress state in the original position by confining pressure exerted by the mineral oil (33); a computer (45) is provided with a hydraulic controller (44) to adjust the lifting height of the lifting column (25);
8) measuring the longitudinal strain epsilon of the sediment soil sample (3)1And the transverse strain epsilon of the sediment soil sample (3)2(ii) a According to the formulaAnd (4) calculating to obtain the Poisson ratio v of the sediment soil sample (3).
9. the method of claim 8, wherein: the specific implementation manner of the step 8) is as follows:
When longitudinal deformation of the sediment soil sample is measured, the lifting column (25) is lifted to move upwards through the hydraulic chamber (27), and the displacement of the lifting column (25) is measured through a bottom probe of the displacement sensor (26), so that the longitudinal deformation delta l of the sediment soil sample (3) is obtained;
When the transverse deformation of the sediment soil sample is measured, the change of an oil-water interface (22) in the pressure-resistant transparent glass tube (21) on the scale is observed through a high-resolution CCD camera (2), and the total volume change of the sediment soil sample (3), namely the volume deformation delta V, is measured; and finally, converting the measured longitudinal deformation and transverse deformation of the soil sample into longitudinal strain and transverse strain, wherein the strain is the ratio of the deformation delta l to the original size l and is expressed by epsilon, namely:
wherein ε is a dimensionless number, expressed in percent, then:
Wherein:
Delta l is the axial deformation of the sediment soil sample in mm;
l is the initial length of the sediment soil sample in mm;
VFirst stageis the volume change of the sediment soil sample in mm3；
Δ V is the initial volume of the sediment soil sample in mm3；
ε1is the deposit longitudinal strain;
εvChanging a sediment soil sample;
ε2Is the transverse strain of the sediment soil sample;
ν is the sediment soil sample poisson ratio.
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