CN110565634A - Method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing ultra-long steel casing - Google Patents
Method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing ultra-long steel casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110565634A CN110565634A CN201910842059.8A CN201910842059A CN110565634A CN 110565634 A CN110565634 A CN 110565634A CN 201910842059 A CN201910842059 A CN 201910842059A CN 110565634 A CN110565634 A CN 110565634A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
- E02D5/385—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with removal of the outer mould-pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/66—Mould-pipes or other moulds
- E02D5/68—Mould-pipes or other moulds for making bulkheads or elements thereof
Abstract
A method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing an ultra-long steel casing comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a positioning steel casing with the inner diameter larger than the diameter of the designed pile, wherein the embedded depth is more than or equal to 1000mm, and the positioning steel casing and the designed pile are arranged concentrically; 2) punching a first section of hole to the surface of a stable rock stratum within the range of the positioning steel casing, wherein the aperture of the first section of hole is larger than the designed drilling value; 3) selecting an ultra-long steel casing with the diameter smaller than the aperture of the first section of hole and larger than the designed value of drilling, vertically entering the first section of hole and supporting on the surface of a stable rock stratum; 4) continuously punching a second section of hole with the hole diameter being the designed value of the drilling hole into the stable rock stratum to the designed depth; 5) cleaning the hole until the second section of hole meets the design requirement; 6) after the reinforcement cage is hoisted to the designed position, the reinforcement cage is supported on the ultra-long steel casing; 7) carrying out concrete pouring operation; 8) within 2h after the concrete pouring is finished, pulling out the ultra-long steel casing by adopting a vibration hammer at the speed of 1.5 m/min; 9) and pulling out the lower end of the super-long steel protection cylinder to the positioning steel protection cylinder, taking down the vibration hammer, and pulling out the super-long steel protection cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of constructional engineering, in particular to a method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing an ultra-long steel casing.
Background
The geology of coastal areas and the like in China is complex, the sand layer has wide distribution range and large thickness, the rock surface has large fluctuation and high water level, and unfavorable geological conditions such as the development of the sloping rocks and the karst are common. The most economical hole forming mode of engineering projects under the geological conditions is a punched pile pouring system, and in order to avoid hole collapse of a hole pile when a hole channel is too deep or the geology is complex, a whole-course steel casing follow-up mode is generally selected for hole forming. The steel sleeve is left in the foundation after the hole is formed, steel is seriously wasted, and the construction cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing an ultra-long steel casing, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the ultra-long steel casing is pulled out for repeated construction and utilization on the premise of ensuring the quality of a pile body, and the construction cost is effectively reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing an ultra-long steel casing comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a positioning steel pile casing according to the position and the size of a designed pile, wherein the inner diameter of the positioning steel pile casing is larger than the diameter of the designed pile, the embedded depth of the positioning steel pile casing is more than or equal to 1000mm, the positioning steel pile casing is higher than the ground and is arranged concentrically with the designed pile;
2) According to a conventional process, downwards punching a first section of hole within the range of the positioning steel casing to the surface of a stable rock stratum, wherein the aperture of the first section of hole is larger than the designed value of drilling, and when punching the first section of hole, hole wall maintenance is carried out by adopting the conventional process;
3) Selecting an ultra-long steel casing, wherein the diameter of the ultra-long steel casing is smaller than the aperture of the first section of hole and larger than the designed value of drilling, vertically hoisting the ultra-long steel casing by using a crane until the plane position and the verticality are adjusted to be within the standard deviation range, controlling the ultra-long steel casing to enter the first section of hole, and supporting the ultra-long steel casing on the surface of a stable rock stratum;
4) Continuously downwards punching a second section of hole to enter the stable rock stratum to a designed depth, wherein the aperture of the second section of hole is a drilling design value;
5) Cleaning the holes by adopting a reverse circulation slurry placement method of a slurry pump until the sediment thickness, the slurry proportion and the sand content of the second section of holes meet the design requirements;
6) After hole cleaning is finished, hoisting a reinforcement cage to a designed position, and supporting on the ultra-long steel casing;
7) after the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the self-checking hole meets the design requirement, a guide pipe method is adopted for carrying out concrete pouring operation, when pouring is started, the height from the free end of the guide pipe to the bottom of the second section of hole is 0.3-0.5m, the concrete adopts underwater self-compacting concrete, after pouring is started, the guide pipe rises, and the free end of the guide pipe is positioned below the concrete surface;
8) Within 2h after the concrete pouring, the ultra-long steel casing is pulled out slowly by a vibration hammer, the pulling-out speed is controlled to be 1.5m/min, and the concrete surface falling data in the ultra-long steel casing is monitored;
9) And (4) pulling out the lower end of the super-long steel pile casing to a positioning steel pile casing, taking down the vibration hammer, and pulling out the super-long steel pile casing by adopting a crane for carrying away for repeated construction and utilization.
The length of the positioning steel casing in the step 1) is 1.2m, and the inner diameter of the positioning steel casing is 400mm larger than the diameter of the designed pile.
And 2) circularly replacing the deposited slurry generated in the punching process by using low-density slurry when the first section of hole is punched.
and 3) the diameter of the ultra-long steel casing is 200mm smaller than the aperture of the first section of hole.
and 3) when the ultra-long steel casing enters the first section of hole, after the ultra-long steel casing sinks stably due to self weight, hoisting a vibration hammer to the upper end of the ultra-long steel casing and centering, and impacting the ultra-long steel casing to stably support on the surface of a stable rock stratum.
And 5) supplementing the slurry after the sediment thickness is less than 5cm and the slurry pump is used for cleaning the hole by a reverse circulation slurry placement method, keeping the height of the slurry in the first section of hole to be more than 1.5-2m of the underground water level or the surface water level, wherein the specific gravity of the slurry is 1.1-1.2, the sand content is less than 4%, the viscosity is 17-20s, and the pH value of the slurry is 6-8.
And 7) pouring concrete in the concrete pouring operation in the step 7), wherein the poured concrete amount is larger than the designed pouring amount.
and 8) the vibration hammer is an electric vibration hammer.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme to have following beneficial effect:
1. The method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing the ultra-long steel casing can pre-embed the positioning steel casing at the position of the designed pile in advance, so that the pile position is fixed in advance, and the positioning is accurate. In the subsequent repeated punching construction process, the first section of hole and the second section of hole do not deviate, the punching precision is high, repeated radioactive rays of constructors are not needed, and the labor intensity of the constructors is effectively reduced.
2. The method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing the ultra-long steel casing has the advantages that the ultra-long steel casing and the positioning steel casing can be repeatedly constructed and used, and compared with the traditional construction method for once putting the steel casing, the method improves the use times of the steel casing, and effectively saves steel resources and energy.
3. the method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing the ultra-long steel casing has the advantages of high system strength, high rigidity, stable quality of the formed designed pile and better verticality, and effectively meets the construction requirements.
4. The method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing the ultra-long steel casing has the advantages that the embedded depth of the positioning steel casing is more than or equal to 1000mm and is higher than the ground, so that the positioning steel casing is stably positioned, the target is obvious, a constructor can conveniently punch holes within the range of the positioning steel casing, in addition, the section of the positioning steel casing higher than the ground is also used for enclosing and blocking slurry generated by punching, and a slurry pump is conveniently arranged.
5. The method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing the ultra-long steel casing has the advantages that when the concrete is poured, the height from the free end of the guide pipe to the bottom of the second section of hole is 0.3-0.5m, so that the poured concrete extrudes mud deposited in the second section of hole and the first section of hole, the quality of the poured concrete is ensured, after the pouring is started, the guide pipe rises, the free end of the guide pipe is positioned below the concrete surface, and the pouring pressure of the concrete is reduced on the premise of keeping the mud smoothly extruded.
6. The method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing the ultra-long steel casing comprises the steps of adopting a vibration hammer to pull out the ultra-long steel casing at a low speed within 2 hours after concrete pouring, controlling the pulling-out speed to be 1.5m/min, using the vibration hammer to pull out the ultra-long steel casing and hammer the ultra-long steel casing at the same time, and if the pulling-out speed is too low, although concrete can be effectively tamped, the risk that the ultra-long steel casing cannot be pulled out due to concrete solidification exists, and if the pulling-out speed is too high, the tamping time for the concrete is too short, so that the defects of gaps, cracks and the like of the formed concrete can be caused, and the formed pile body is scrapped when the concrete is serious.
the following further description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention.
In the attached drawing, 1 is a positioning steel casing, 2 is a first section of hole, 3 is an ultra-long steel casing, and 4 is a second section of hole.
Detailed Description
in the invention, the construction method which is not marked adopts the conventional construction method in the building field for construction, and the raw material which is not marked with specific cost usually adopts the conventional raw material in the building field.
example one
Guangzhou north station integrated transportation hub development construction project (first-stage) settling area project
The project is located in the New Huadu district Xinhuajie New street in Guangzhou city, the Guangqing is in the east, the New street is in the west, and the total building area is 45000m2Underground layer, above-ground 30 layers and a frame-shear wall structure. The engineering foundation is a punching cast-in-place pile, which is phi 1000, phi 1200 and phi 1400 respectively, the pile length is 30-65 m, and the pile bottom bearing layer is required to be arranged on a complete slightly weathered rock stratum with the depth of 1000mm-2000mm, wherein the complete slightly weathered rock stratum is not less than 6 m. The statistical number of the over-length piles is confirmed to be as follows: 1000mm, 12 small piles; 1200mm, and 28 piles in small number; 1400mm, 13 piles in small number, and 53 piles in total.
The concrete construction method is as follows:
Firstly, familiarizing with construction drawings, and positioning and lofting according to the position and the size of a pile. And selecting a positioning steel casing, wherein the length of the positioning steel casing is 1.2m, the inner diameter of the positioning steel casing is 400mm larger than the diameter of the corresponding designed pile, the embedded depth is 1000mm, and the positioning steel casing is concentric with the designed pile.
After the positioning steel casing is installed, punching the first section of hole downwards to the surface of the stable rock surface in the range of the positioning steel casing according to a conventional process; the first section of holes have an aperture 200mm greater than the design value of the drilled holes. And (3) when the first section of hole is punched, using slurry with lower density to carry out hole wall maintenance, avoiding collapse, and quickly punching within 5-8 hours to reach a stable rock surface.
And after the first section of hole is in place, selecting an ultra-long steel protective cylinder, wherein the diameter of the ultra-long steel protective cylinder is smaller than the aperture of the first section of hole and is larger than the designed drilling value. And hoisting the ultra-long steel casing onto the platform by using a 150-ton crawler crane, and confirming the hoisting mode of the cable. The overlong steel pile casing is erected and converted into a vertical crane, the track crane lifts the overlong steel pile casing into the guide frame from the side surface, the verticality is adjusted according to the guidance of a measurer, and after the plane position and the verticality are adjusted to a standard deviation value, the track crane slowly puts down the overlong steel pile casing, so that the overlong steel pile casing is sunk to the ground along the guide frame and buried. After the super-long steel pile casing sinks stably due to self weight, the vibration hammer is lifted to the top opening of the super-long steel pile casing, the position of the vibration hammer is adjusted, the gravity center of the vibration hammer is located at the center of the super-long steel pile casing, and the vibration hammer is hammered until the super-long steel pile casing is stably supported on the surface of a stable rock face.
For the hole pile with the supporting depth larger than 16 m, after the ultra-long steel casing is placed down, an organization worker performs welding of the lengthened section, the welding mode adopts butt welding, a lap joint or a welding mode with a cover plate on the side face is not needed, and the requirement of GB50661 is met. The allowable range of appearance defects of the welding seam and the wall thickness (20mm) of the processed square tube, the height C (2-3mm) and the width E (2-3mm) of the welding seam. And after the lengthened section is welded on the ultra-long steel casing, punching according to a general ultra-long steel casing follow-up construction process until a stable rock stratum is constructed.
And after construction to a stable rock stratum, replacing the impact hammer (selecting the impact hammer according to the original designed pile diameter), and punching a second section of hole to the designed pile bottom elevation according to the conventional process, wherein the hole diameter of the second section of hole is the designed value of drilling.
And (4) cleaning the holes by adopting a slurry pump reverse circulation slurry placement method until the sediment thickness, the slurry proportion and the sand content meet the standard requirements.
Manufacturing a steel reinforcement cage: the reinforcement cage is strictly manufactured according to the drawing requirements in sections, and all deviations meet the specifications; the main reinforcement is firmly connected with the stirrup and the reinforcing hoop by spot welding; the number of joints of the main reinforcement on the same section is less than or equal to 50 percent; the staggered length is more than or equal to 35d and not less than 1000 d; controlling the thickness of the protective layer to be 50mm according to design requirements; the length of the lap joint single-side weld between cages is 10 d; and after the reinforcement cage is manufactured, removing welding slag completely. When the steel reinforcement cage is hoisted, the center of a pile hole needs to be aligned, and the steel reinforcement cage is vertically and slowly sunk; after the steel reinforcement cage is transferred to the design position, ensure the cage top and be fixed in on the overlength steel protects a section of thick bamboo with two muscle of hanging under downthehole prerequisite placed in the middle. And after the reinforcing cage is installed, secondary hole cleaning is carried out until the thickness of sediment at the bottom of the hole is less than 5cm, at the moment, attention is paid to timely replenishing slurry, the stable water head height is kept, and the water level in the hole is kept at the underground water level or 1.5-2m above the ground water level so as to prevent any collapse of the drilled hole. The specific gravity of the mud after hole cleaning is generally controlled to be 1.10-1.20, the sand content is less than 4%, the viscosity is 17-20s, and the pH value of the mud is controlled to be 6-8.
the time interval from hole cleaning to concrete pouring is not more than 15 minutes, otherwise, the hole is cleaned again and the sediment thickness is measured again.
after the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the self-checking hole meets the design requirement, the concrete can be poured after supervision, rechecking and approval. The concrete pouring mode adopts 56 m arm support pumps for matched pouring. The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out perfusion operation by adopting a catheter method, and sealing a catheter joint by using an O-shaped sealing ring; when the pouring is started, the height from the free end of the guide pipe to the bottom of the second section hole is 0.3-0.5m, the concrete is self-compacting concrete underwater, after the pouring is started, the guide pipe rises, and the free end of the guide pipe is located below the concrete surface, so that the concrete is ensured to be self-compacting in the pouring process, and the design requirement is met.
in order to ensure that the steel casing can be pulled out, the concrete pouring time of the pile body cannot exceed 2 hours, and the pile body needs to be coordinated with a mixing station in advance to ensure that the supply and preparation of concrete are sufficient; the concrete is continuously poured, and the concrete exchange interval time of each truck is controlled within 5 minutes.
The removal of the ultra-long steel casing is required to be pulled out within 2 hours after the pouring of the cast concrete is finished before the initial setting of the cast concrete. The ultralong steel casing is pulled out at a low speed by adopting the vibration of a vibration hammer, the vibration hammer is driven by a motor, the rotating speed is 1200r/min, the low vibration frequency is 120s, and the vibration force of the vibration hammer is fully utilized and transmitted to a concrete contact surface through the steel casing so as to ensure the expansion and compactness of concrete; the pulling speed is controlled at 1.5m/min, and the concrete surface descending value in the pile casing is monitored at any time and recorded to ensure the diffusion and compaction of concrete.
When the lower end of the super-long steel casing is shifted to the positioning steel casing, the vibrating hammer is taken down to replace the 150t crawler crane, and the super-long steel casing is pulled out and conveyed away. Because the diameter of the pile body is changed (increased by about 20cm) due to the pulling of the ultra-long steel casing, the elevation of the top surface of the concrete is influenced, so that the influence of the pulling of the ultra-long steel casing on the concrete pouring is fully considered in the concrete pouring process, and the ultra-pouring is carried out before the pulling of the ultra-long steel casing to compensate for the influence of the pulling of the casing.
By adopting the method for construction, the problem of failure of punching (hole forming) caused by long-term vibration of a sand layer and collapse after soaking in water is fundamentally solved, repeated filling work is reduced, the construction quality is ensured, the construction is safe, the construction period is saved by 3 months, the progress is greatly improved, and the construction process of the punching cast-in-place pile is simplified. The ultra-long steel casing can be recycled, so that materials such as the steel casing (disposable investment) and the like are saved, and the effects of energy conservation, environmental protection, cost reduction and efficiency improvement are achieved.
after the foundation structure construction is completed, the accessories selected by the ultra-long steel casing system capable of being pulled out in the project are already pulled to a newly opened project for continuous use, so that the construction cost is saved, and the method has high popularization and application values.
example two
Arrangement area project of wide and clear intercity rail transit project (flower city district)
The project is located in the New Huadu district Xinhuajie New street in Guangzhou city, the Guanqing high speed is above east, the New street is above west, and the total building area is 39500m2Underground layer, above-ground 30 layers and a frame-shear wall structure. The foundation of the engineering is a punching cast-in-place pile, which is phi 1000, phi 1200 and phi 1400 respectively, the pile length is 27-69.4 m, and the pile bottom bearing layer is required to be arranged on a complete slightly weathered rock stratum with the depth of 1000mm-3000mm, wherein the complete slightly weathered rock stratum is not less than 7 m. The statistical number of the over-length piles is confirmed to be as follows: 1000mm, 7 piles in small scale;1200mm, 22 piles in small scale; 1400mm, 9 piles in small number, and 38 piles in total. The construction method of the first embodiment is adopted for construction, so that the problem of failure in punching (hole forming) caused by long-term vibration of a sand layer and collapse after soaking in water is fundamentally solved, repeated filling work is reduced, the construction quality is guaranteed, the construction is safe, the construction period is saved by 2 months, the progress is greatly improved, and the construction process of the punching cast-in-place pile is simplified. The drawable ultra-long steel casing can be recycled (the recycling time can reach more than 20 times), the materials of the steel casing (disposable investment) and the like are saved, and the effects of energy conservation, environmental protection, cost reduction and efficiency improvement are achieved.
Claims (8)
1. A method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing an ultra-long steel casing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a positioning steel pile casing according to the position and the size of a designed pile, wherein the inner diameter of the positioning steel pile casing is larger than the diameter of the designed pile, the embedded depth of the positioning steel pile casing is more than or equal to 1000mm, the positioning steel pile casing is higher than the ground and is arranged concentrically with the designed pile;
2) According to a conventional process, downwards punching a first section of hole to the surface of a stable rock stratum within the range of the positioning steel casing, wherein the aperture of the first section of hole is larger than the designed value of drilling, and when punching the first section of hole, hole wall maintenance is carried out by adopting the conventional process;
3) Selecting an ultra-long steel casing, wherein the diameter of the ultra-long steel casing is smaller than the aperture of the first section of hole and larger than the designed value of drilling, vertically hoisting the ultra-long steel casing by using a crane until the plane position and the verticality are adjusted to be within the standard deviation range, controlling the ultra-long steel casing to enter the first section of hole, and supporting the ultra-long steel casing on the surface of a stable rock stratum;
4) Continuously downwards punching a second section of hole to enter the stable rock stratum to a designed depth, wherein the aperture of the second section of hole is a drilling design value;
5) cleaning the holes by adopting a reverse circulation slurry placement method of a slurry pump until the sediment thickness, the slurry proportion and the sand content of the second section of holes meet the design requirements;
6) After hole cleaning is finished, hoisting a reinforcement cage to a designed position, and supporting on the ultra-long steel casing;
7) After the thickness of the sediment at the bottom of the self-checking hole meets the design requirement, a guide pipe method is adopted for carrying out concrete pouring operation, when pouring is started, the height from the free end of the guide pipe to the bottom of the second section of hole is 0.3-0.5m, the concrete adopts underwater self-compacting concrete, after pouring is started, the guide pipe rises, and the free end of the guide pipe is positioned below the concrete surface;
8) Within 2h after the concrete pouring, the ultra-long steel casing is pulled out slowly by a vibration hammer, the pulling-out speed is controlled to be 1.5m/min, and the concrete surface falling data in the ultra-long steel casing is monitored;
9) And (4) pulling out the lower end of the super-long steel pile casing to a positioning steel pile casing, taking down the vibration hammer, and pulling out the super-long steel pile casing by adopting a crane for carrying away for repeated construction and utilization.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the length of the positioning steel casing in the step 1) is 1.2m, and the inner diameter of the positioning steel casing is 400mm larger than the diameter of the designed pile.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 2) circularly replacing the deposited slurry generated in the punching process by using low-density slurry when the first section of hole is punched.
4. the method of claim 1, wherein: and 3) the diameter of the ultra-long steel casing is 200mm smaller than the aperture of the first section of hole.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 3) when the ultra-long steel casing enters the first section of hole, after the ultra-long steel casing sinks stably due to self weight, hoisting a vibration hammer to the upper end of the ultra-long steel casing and centering, and impacting the ultra-long steel casing to stably support on the surface of a stable rock stratum.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 5) supplementing the slurry after the sediment thickness is less than 5cm and the slurry pump is used for cleaning the hole by a reverse circulation slurry placement method, keeping the height of the slurry in the first section of hole to be more than 1.5-2m of the underground water level or the surface water level, wherein the specific gravity of the slurry is 1.1-1.2, the sand content is less than 4%, the viscosity is 17-20s, and the pH value of the slurry is 6-8.
7. the method of claim 1, wherein: and 7) pouring concrete in the concrete pouring operation in the step 7), wherein the poured concrete amount is larger than the designed pouring amount.
8. the method of claim 1, wherein: and 8) the vibration hammer is an electric vibration hammer.
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| CN201910842059.8A CN110565634A (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | Method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing ultra-long steel casing |
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| CN201910842059.8A CN110565634A (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | Method for repeatedly constructing and utilizing ultra-long steel casing |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114277791A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-05 | 中铁十五局集团有限公司 | Method for recycling water and plastic flow stratum pile foundation steel casing |
| CN114351693A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-04-15 | 四川志德岩土工程有限责任公司 | Collapse hole underpinning device for rotary excavating cast-in-place pile and underpinning construction method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114277791A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-05 | 中铁十五局集团有限公司 | Method for recycling water and plastic flow stratum pile foundation steel casing |
| CN114351693A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-04-15 | 四川志德岩土工程有限责任公司 | Collapse hole underpinning device for rotary excavating cast-in-place pile and underpinning construction method |
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Application publication date: 20191213 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |