CN110565194B - Composite fiber, short fiber and filter material - Google Patents
Composite fiber, short fiber and filter material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110565194B CN110565194B CN201910913755.3A CN201910913755A CN110565194B CN 110565194 B CN110565194 B CN 110565194B CN 201910913755 A CN201910913755 A CN 201910913755A CN 110565194 B CN110565194 B CN 110565194B
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- fiber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/54—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of unsaturated nitriles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite fiber, a short fiber and a filter material, and belongs to the field of fiber filter materials, wherein the composite fiber comprises a polyacrylonitrile fiber matrix (8) and an inorganic belt (9), the inorganic belt (8) is composed of inorganic nano particles, the surfaces of the inorganic nano particles are covered with metal, the inorganic belt extends along the length direction of the composite fiber, and the length of the inorganic belt is the radial length of the composite fiber and is positioned in the middle of the radial section of the fiber in the radial direction of the composite fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite fiber filter materials.
Background
The filter materials are mainly divided into two categories, one category is granular materials for filtering inlet water in water treatment equipment, and the granular materials generally refer to quartz sand, gravel, anthracite, cobblestone, manganese sand, magnetite filter materials, shell filter materials, foam filter beads, porcelain sand filter materials, ceramsite, garnet filter materials, medical stone filter materials, sponge iron filter materials, activated alumina balls, zeolite filter materials, volcanic rock filter materials, granular activated carbon, fiber balls, fiber bundle filter materials, comet type fiber filter materials and the like. The other is a physically separate filter media, mainly comprising filter cloth, filter mesh, filter cartridge, filter paper and most recently membranes. The latter generally adopts a multilayer structure, and each layer is combined by bonding and other modes, but the existing bonding is not firm on one hand, and other substances are easily introduced to the bonding on the other hand, so that the filtering effect is influenced, and the bonding by glue and the like also easily blocks gaps among fibers, so that the filtering performance is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the composite fiber comprises a polyacrylonitrile fiber matrix and an inorganic belt, wherein the inorganic belt is composed of inorganic nano particles, the surfaces of the inorganic nano particles are covered with metal, the inorganic belt extends along the length direction of the composite fiber, and the length of the inorganic belt is the radial length of the composite fiber and is positioned in the middle of the radial section of the fiber in the radial direction of the composite fiber.
As an improvement, the inorganic nano-particles are silicon carbide or silicon nitride, and the particle size is 50-500 nanometers.
As an improvement, the metal covering the surface of the inorganic nano-particles is one or a mixture of more of iron, aluminum, copper and silver.
As an improvement, the weight ratio of the inorganic belt in the composite fiber is 1-5%.
The invention also discloses a short fiber prepared from the composite fiber and the improved composite fiber thereof, wherein the length of the short fiber is 5-50 mm, and the diameter of the short fiber is 5-20 mu m.
The invention also discloses a filter material, which comprises:
the first fiber net and the second fiber net are respectively doped with the short fibers, the first fiber net and the second fiber net are attached and bonded, the short fibers in the first fiber net and the second fiber net are mutually entangled, the first fiber net and the second fiber net have good fluffiness and connection performance, the first fiber net and the second fiber net are made of polyimide fibers, and the density of the first fiber net and the second fiber net is 30-200 g/M2.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a nozzle;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A1 of FIG. 1
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite fiber;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite fiber;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of components of a filter media;
FIG. 6 is a drawing of a process for spinning and staple fiber preparation
The labels in the figure are: 1-a first liquid conveying channel, 11-a first liquid inlet, 2-a second liquid conveying channel, 21-a second liquid inlet, 3-a nozzle opening, 4-inorganic charged particles, 5-a first electrode plate, 6-a second electrode plate, 7-a metering pump, 8-a polyacrylonitrile fiber matrix, 9-an inorganic belt, 10-a first fiber net, 11-a second fiber net and 12-short fibers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: this example discloses a composite fiber, as shown in fig. 3, which comprises a polyacrylonitrile fiber matrix 8 and an inorganic band 9, fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the fiber viewed from the side, and it can be seen that an inorganic band 9 is formed in the middle of the fiber, the inorganic band 9 is composed of inorganic nanoparticles, the inorganic nanoparticles are aggregated with each other, and the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles is covered with metal. The inorganic tape extends along the length of the composite fiber in the radial direction of the composite fiber, and as shown in fig. 4, the width of the inorganic tape is the radial length of the composite fiber and is located at the center of the radial cross section of the fiber.
In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic nanoparticles are silicon carbide or silicon nitride, the particle size is 50-200 nm, the silicon carbide and silicon nitride have high rigidity and low thermal expansion coefficient, and can provide high strength for the fibers, the particle size enables the silicon carbide or silicon nitride to be densely gathered, the strength of the fibers is improved, and the strength of the fibers is reduced if the inorganic particles are too loose.
In a preferred embodiment, the metal coated on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles is a mixture of one or more of iron, aluminum, copper and silver, especially iron or aluminum, so that the cost is low and the surface is easy to form negative electricity. The mass content of the composite fiber inorganic tape of the present example is 1% to 5%, preferably 5%.
The embodiment also discloses a short fiber prepared from the composite fiber, the length of the short fiber is 5 mm-50 mm, the diameter of the short fiber is 5-20 μm, and the short fiber is prepared by cutting or stretch breaking the composite fiber.
The invention also discloses a filter material, which comprises a first fiber net 10 and a second fiber net 11, wherein the first fiber net 10 and the second fiber net 11 are respectively doped with the short fibers 12, the first fiber net and the second fiber net are bonded in a bonding way, as shown in fig. 5, the short fibers in the first fiber net and the short fibers in the second fiber net are mutually entangled, the first fiber net and the second fiber net have good fluffiness and connection performance, and as shown in fig. 5, the first fiber net 10 and the second fiber net 11 have good fluffiness and connection performanceThe first fiber web and the second fiber web both adopt polyimide fibers, and the density of the first fiber web and the second fiber web is 30-200g/M2Compared with the traditional fiber, the short fiber of the invention has certain shaping performance and high tensile strength due to the reinforcing effect of the inorganic belt in the short fiber, on one hand, the short fiber is not easy to be pulled apart when being wound, and on the other hand, the wound short fiber is not easy to be separated, so that the short fiber of the invention can enhance the bonding strength between the first fiber net and the second fiber net and is not easy to tear, and the short fiber has certain rigidity, so that the short fiber can play a skeleton role in the first fiber net and the second fiber net, the fluffiness of the first fiber net and the second fiber net is increased, and the filtering effect is improved.
The composite fiber and the filter material thereof prepared by the invention have higher high temperature resistance, and the inorganic belt in the middle of the fiber plays a role of a framework, so that the surface part of the fiber begins to melt at higher temperature, such as approaching the melting temperature, but the middle inorganic belt can ensure that the composite fiber and the filter material keep enough rigidity and can exert performance.
The short fibers in the filter material prepared by the method have the function similar to that of a thread gluing, and due to the rigidity of the short fibers, the first fiber net and the second fiber net can be firmly attached without introducing new substances such as glue and the like, so that the problem that the glue blocks gaps to influence the filtration and the air permeability is solved.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 6, this example discloses a spinning method of the above composite fiber, in which the fiber is spun to have a layer of inorganic nano-ribbon in the middle, the inorganic nano-material is gathered in the middle of the fiber to form a reinforced layer, and the outer layer of the fiber does not contain inorganic material, so that the fiber has strong strength and maintains the softness of the fiber. Specifically, the spinning method of the fiber of the present invention is as follows:
1) dissolving polyacrylonitrile polymer with molecular weight of 6000-1000 in a dimethylacetamide solvent to form a second spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the second spinning solution is 30-40%;
2) preparing inorganic nano particles. The preparation method of the inorganic particles comprises the following steps: firstly, forming a suspension gas by inorganic nano-particles and inert gas, then introducing the suspension gas into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum furnace contains iron vapor, the iron vapor is condensed and covered on the surfaces of the inorganic nano-particles when meeting the inorganic nano-particles and is precipitated, and the precipitated mixture also comprises part of acceptable impurities, such as iron nano-particles and the like,
3) taking 100 parts of second spinning solution, mixing and stirring 1-2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the second spinning solution to fully mix the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the second spinning solution; secondly, adding 5-10 parts of precipitated inorganic particles into the second spinning solution, stirring by using ultrasonic waves, carrying out surface modification on the nanoparticles by using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to form negative electricity on the surface metal of the nanoparticles, and uniformly dispersing the negatively charged nanoparticles in the spinning solution to further form a first spinning solution;
4) conveying the first spinning solution into a first liquid conveying channel, conveying the second spinning solution into a second liquid conveying channel, applying an electric field perpendicular to the flowing direction of the first spinning solution to the first liquid conveying channel to enable charged micelles in the first spinning solution to gather at the edge of the first liquid conveying channel, and controlling the flow rates of the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution to enable the flow rates of the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution to be the same or not more than 10% of error;
4) mixing a first spinning solution in a first liquid conveying channel and a second spinning solution in a second liquid conveying channel at a nozzle opening, wherein a charged micelle in the first spinning solution is positioned in the middle of the two spinning solutions after the two spinning solutions are mixed, and the mixed spinning solutions are sprayed out from a nozzle to form a nascent fiber;
5) carrying out post-treatment on the nascent fiber, and enabling the nascent fiber to pass through a first temperature area and a second temperature area, wherein the temperature of the first temperature area is 1-5 ℃ higher than the glass transition temperature of polyacrylonitrile, and the temperature of the second temperature area is 5-8 ℃ lower than the melting temperature; and then performing conventional traction and the like.
Besides the surface modification of step 3, the nanoparticles may also be surface modified by other conventional surfactants.
The first spinning solution described in this embodiment passes through an electric field in the spinning process, the direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the first spinning solution, and under the action of the electric field, the charged nanoparticles of the first spinning solution move towards one side of the first liquid delivery channel and are collected at one side, as shown in fig. 1, the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution in which the nanoparticles are collected are mixed, and the nanoparticles are collected at the middle of the mixed spinning solution. As shown in fig. 2, which is a cross-sectional view of a-a1 observed, it can be seen that inorganic nanobelts are gathered in the middle of the dope in the nozzle opening after passing through the electric field and mixing with the second dope, so that the strength of the fiber is improved while maintaining the fiber flexibility. The invention can be used for preparing filter materials and reinforcing short fibers used between filter material layers.
The properties of the modified fiber prepared as described above are as follows:
example 3: the present embodiment discloses a spinning nozzle and a spinning apparatus for spinning the above composite fiber, as shown in fig. 1, the spinning nozzle includes:
a first liquid delivery passage 1 for delivering a first spinning solution to a nozzle opening 3, the first spinning solution having inorganic charged particles 4 dispersed therein, the inorganic charged particles being inorganic nanoparticles,
a second liquid delivery passage 2 which delivers the second spinning liquid to the nozzle opening 3;
a nozzle opening 3 for collecting the spinning solutions collected from the first and second liquid supply paths, respectively, and performing discharge spinning;
be equipped with the electric field of the first spinning liquid flow direction of perpendicular to on the first infusion way, the electric field can apply in first infusion way 1 and make inorganic charged particle 4 in the first infusion way gather towards the edge of first infusion way to make inorganic charged particle be located the centre of nozzle opening after the first spinning liquid in first infusion way and the second spinning liquid in second infusion way mix, and then make and be equipped with inorganic particle area in the middle of nozzle opening spun cellosilk, wherein the size and the length of electric field according to spinning needs automatically regulated with can be in first infusion way 1 with the edge that inorganic charged particle removed first infusion way 1 can.
In order to apply an electric field to the first infusion channel, as shown in fig. 1, a first electrode plate 5 and a second electrode plate 6 are provided on the spinning nozzle, and the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a power supply to form the electric field between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The widths of the two electrode plates are equal to or larger than the widths of the first infusion channel and the second infusion channel so as to enable the charged particles in the first infusion channel to be in an electric field. The electrode plates can be made of the existing common materials such as iron, copper, aluminum and the like, and the thickness is set according to the convention requirement.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first electrode sheet 5 is located at the outer layer of the first infusion channel, and the second electrode sheet is located at the outer side of the second infusion channel. In other embodiments, the two motor blades are only positioned on two sides of the first infusion channel.
As shown in fig. 1, the sectional area of the nozzle opening from the mixing point of the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution (the plane a-a1 in fig. 1) to the nozzle opening (the plane B-B1 in the figure) of the nozzle opening is reduced in sequence, and the O-electricity in the figure smoothly transitions the mixing point of the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution, and in a more preferred embodiment, the second liquid feeding channel smoothly transitions to the O-point, so that the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution can be smoothly mixed.
In spinning, the flow rates of the first and second spinning solutions need to be the same or nearly the same, so in a preferred embodiment, the first and second feed lines are provided with metering pumps 7 for controlling the flow rate of the second spinning solution, and the metering pumps 7 can be controlled to control the liquid flows through the first and second feed lines.
As shown in figure 1, a first liquid inlet 11 is arranged on the first liquid conveying channel, a second liquid inlet 21 is arranged on the second liquid conveying channel, a first spinning solution flows into the first liquid inlet, and a second spinning solution flows into the second liquid inlet.
The invention also discloses spinning equipment, which comprises a spinning equipment body and the fiber spinning nozzle, wherein the spinning equipment body is used for conveying spinning solution to the fiber spinning nozzle, and the spinning equipment body is conventional technology and not shown in the figure.
Claims (4)
1. A composite fibre, characterized in that the composite fibre comprises a polyacrylonitrile fibre matrix (8) and an inorganic tape (9), the inorganic tape (9) consisting of inorganic nanoparticles, the surface of which is covered with metal, the inorganic tape extending in the length direction of the composite fibre, the length of the inorganic tape being the radial length of the composite fibre and being located in the middle of the radial cross-section of the fibre in the radial direction of the composite fibre;
the inorganic nano particles are silicon carbide or silicon nitride, and the particle size of the inorganic nano particles is 50-500 nanometers;
the metal covering the surface of the inorganic nano-particles is one or a mixture of more of iron, aluminum, copper and silver;
the spinning method of the composite fiber comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving polyacrylonitrile polymer in dimethylacetamide solvent to form second spinning solution,
2) forming a suspended gas by the inorganic nano-particles and an inert gas, and then introducing the suspended gas into a vacuum melting furnace, wherein the vacuum melting furnace contains metal vapor, and the metal vapor is condensed and covered on the surfaces of the inorganic nano-particles when meeting the inorganic nano-particles and is precipitated;
3) mixing and stirring the second spinning solution and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, then adding the precipitated inorganic nanoparticles into the mixed solution, stirring by using ultrasonic waves, carrying out surface modification on the inorganic nanoparticles by using the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose so as to form negative electricity on metal on the surfaces of the inorganic nanoparticles, and uniformly dispersing the inorganic nanoparticles with the negative electricity in the mixed solution to further form a first spinning solution;
4) conveying the first spinning solution into a first liquid conveying channel, conveying the second spinning solution into a second liquid conveying channel, applying an electric field perpendicular to the flowing direction of the first spinning solution to the first liquid conveying channel to enable charged micelles in the first spinning solution to gather at the edge of the first liquid conveying channel, and controlling the flow rates of the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution to enable the flow rates of the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution to be the same or not more than 10% of error;
5) mixing a first spinning solution in a first liquid conveying channel and a second spinning solution in a second liquid conveying channel at a nozzle opening, wherein a charged micelle in the first spinning solution is positioned in the middle of the two spinning solutions after the two spinning solutions are mixed, and the mixed spinning solutions are sprayed out from a nozzle to form a nascent fiber;
6) and carrying out post-treatment on the nascent fiber.
2. The composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic tape in the composite fiber is 1% to 5%.
3. A staple fiber produced from the conjugate fiber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the staple fiber has a length of 5 mm to 50mm and a diameter of 5 to 20 μm.
4. A filter material, comprising: the first fiber net and the second fiber net are respectively doped with the short fibers of claim 3, the first fiber net and the second fiber net are attached and bonded, the short fibers in the first fiber net and the second fiber net are mutually entangled, the first fiber net and the second fiber net have good fluffiness and connection performance, the first fiber net and the second fiber net both adopt polyimide fibers, and the density of the first fiber net and the second fiber net is 30-200g/m2。
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| CN201910913755.3A CN110565194B (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Composite fiber, short fiber and filter material |
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| CN110565194B true CN110565194B (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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Citations (6)
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| CN1465549A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-07 | 厦门大学 | Procesxs for producing continuous silicon carbide fibre by skin and core double-composition fibre method |
| CN101184873A (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2008-05-21 | 奥特拉斯技术有限公司 | Multi-component fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of manufacturing thereof |
| CN102352548A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2012-02-15 | 浙江理工大学 | Method for preparing SiC/C nano-fiber membrane by electrostatic spinning |
| CN105230146A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2016-01-06 | 韩国生产技术研究院 | Comprise electromagnetic wave shielding plate and the manufacture method thereof of the carbon composite fibre manufactured by Electrospun operation |
| CN107308728A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-03 | 浙江笨鸟科技有限公司 | For the filter medium from gas stream filtering particulate material |
| CN107338644A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-10 | 北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院 | A kind of electric field induction photoreduction metal ion synchronously prepares the technology of nanofiber |
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2019
- 2019-09-25 CN CN201910913755.3A patent/CN110565194B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1465549A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-07 | 厦门大学 | Procesxs for producing continuous silicon carbide fibre by skin and core double-composition fibre method |
| CN101184873A (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2008-05-21 | 奥特拉斯技术有限公司 | Multi-component fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of manufacturing thereof |
| CN102352548A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2012-02-15 | 浙江理工大学 | Method for preparing SiC/C nano-fiber membrane by electrostatic spinning |
| CN105230146A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2016-01-06 | 韩国生产技术研究院 | Comprise electromagnetic wave shielding plate and the manufacture method thereof of the carbon composite fibre manufactured by Electrospun operation |
| CN107338644A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-10 | 北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院 | A kind of electric field induction photoreduction metal ion synchronously prepares the technology of nanofiber |
| CN107308728A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-03 | 浙江笨鸟科技有限公司 | For the filter medium from gas stream filtering particulate material |
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Effective date of registration: 20200324 Address after: 236600 No. 66 industrial park, Chengguan Town, Taihe County, Fuyang, Anhui Applicant after: Hua Ruiwang industry Co.,Ltd. of Anhui Province Address before: 610000 Wuhou District, Chengdu, South Ring Road, No. 1, No. 1, Sichuan Applicant before: Zhang Biao |
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Denomination of invention: A composite fiber and short fiber and filter material Effective date of registration: 20220902 Granted publication date: 20200424 Pledgee: Anhui Taihe rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd. Pledgor: Hua Ruiwang industry Co.,Ltd. of Anhui Province Registration number: Y2022980014408 |