A kind of high temperature resistant composite nano fiber filters membrane preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of air filtration, and film preparation side is filtered more particularly to a kind of high temperature resistant composite nano fiber
Method.
Background technology
With the high speed development of industrial technology, the heavy industry such as material, metallurgy, chemical industry, electric power field generates a large amount of high temperature cigarettes
Gas forms the finely ground particles being largely suspended in the air, and is the main source of air pollution, seriously affects people’s lives matter
Amount.It develops a kind of air-filtering membrane suitable for high-temperature flue gas and has become the research emphasis that Current air pollution administers field.
Electrostatic spinning sprays manufacturing technology as easy micro-nano structure, is compatible with its simple for process, easy to operate, material
The advantages that property is good becomes the nanofiber manufacturing technology of mainstream.Electrospun nano-fibers material source is extensive, is easy to carry out
Surface is modified, and electro spinning nanometer fiber membrane good penetrability, aperture is small, hole connectivity is good, is more easy to and organic gas and sub-micron
Grade particle combines, and plays the role of good adsorbing separation.At present, Electrospun nano-fibers filtering material has been successfully applied to
Highly effective air purification air field, multiple research institutions and research team the experiment proved that nanofiber for organic gas and micro-nano powder
Dirt has good catharsis (Liu C, Hsu P C, Lee H W, et al.Transparent air filter for
high-efficiency PM2.5capture[J].Nature communications,2015,6:6205)。
As a kind of new material, inorganic ceramic fiber such as Al2O3Fiber, SiC fibers etc. have been widely used in high temperature
Filed of flue gas purification.Compared with traditional filtrate, the specific surface of fiber filtering is big, and aperture is small, and porosity is high, and small particle is polluted
Composition granule has better rejection effect.And inorganic ceramic has good mechanical strength, superior chemical stability and good
Good high temperature resistance (preparation of Liu Wei, Cui Yuanshan, Jin Jiang high-temperature flue gas purification ceramic fiber tubes and performance [J] environment
Engineering journal, 2012,6 (9):3248-3252).At present, the preparation method of inorganic ceramic fiber mainly includes solvent-thermal process
Method, chemical vapour deposition technique, extrusion, super fine sintering process, colloidal sol --- gel method etc., but the presence of these methods is set
Standby complicated, the problems such as cost is higher, and the fibre diameter prepared is larger, stick to each other easily occurs, the problems such as uniformity is poor, limit
Its application in the filtering of high-temperature flue gas finely ground particles is made.
Inorganic ceramic nano fibrous membrane, which is prepared, using electrostatic spinning technique has become novel fire resistant air-filtering membrane
Novel means, but there is the shortcomings that film forming bad mechanical property, and the material that high temperature resistance is good in single inorganic ceramic tunica fibrosa
The cost of material of material such as SiC fibers is higher.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide can improve the mechanical performance of filter membrane, prolong the service life, reinforcing fiber film it is resistance to
A kind of high temperature resistant composite nano fiber filtering membrane preparation method of high-temperature behavior.
The present invention includes the following steps:
1) macromolecule polymer solution is prepared;
In step 1), the specific method for preparing macromolecule polymer solution can be:Fire resistant polymer is polymerize
Object powder is dissolved in organic solvent, and after stirring, secure satisfactory grades sub- polymer solution;The high molecular polymer powder is included but not
It is limited to the fire resistant polymers polymer such as PVDF, PPS, PES, PTFE.
2) high polymer fiber base material is prepared;
It is described to prepare high polymer fiber base material in step 2), electrostatic spinning apparatus, specific method can be used
For:High voltage electric field is formed between spinning nozzle and collecting board using high voltage power supply, high-voltage power cathode is connected with spinning nozzle,
Plate earthing is collected in cathode connection;Macromolecule polymer solution is injected into spinning nozzle, after liquid supply speed stabilization, opens high pressure
Power supply generates polymer solution stretching action and forms jet stream injection, volatilizees by solvent, jet stream curing, is obtained on collecting board
High molecular polymer nano fibrous membrane, the base material as composite filtering film;
Single nozzle, more nozzles, needleless nozzle, the needleless nozzle can be used in spinning nozzle in the electrostatic spinning apparatus
The needleless nozzle such as line electrode, drum electrode, threaded rod electrode can be used;The high voltage power supply can be DC power supply or AC power;
The nozzle is adjustable to 10~30cm of distance between plates is collected;
The method for preparing high polymer fiber base material can be the fibers preparation side such as solution electrospinning or melting electrospinning
Method.
3) Al is prepared2O3Precursors of Fibers solution;
In step 3), the preparation Al2O3The specific method of Precursors of Fibers solution can be:Aluminium salt is dissolved in acetone
As the precursor solution of aluminium, and the ethanol solution containing PVP is added in, using mixed solution as preparation Al2O3Before nanofiber
Drive liquid solution;The aluminium salt includes but not limited to aluminium acetylacetonate, aluminum acetate, aluminum nitrate etc.;
4) Al is prepared using electrostatic spinning apparatus2O3Fibrous layer;
It is described that Al is prepared using electrostatic spinning apparatus in step 4)2O3The specific method of fibrous layer can be:Pass through step
2) the Advance in Manufacture of Nano-fibers by Electrospinning film, and 1~6h of heat treatment, polymer are carried out under the conditions of 1000~1500 DEG C
It decomposes, Al is formed through high-temperature oxydation2O3Fibrous layer;
5) SiC Precursors of Fibers solution is prepared;
In step 5), it is described prepare SiC Precursors of Fibers solution specific method can be:By Polycarbosilane (PCS), gather
Nitrogen silane or ethyl orthosilicate are dissolved in formation hydrophobicity micelle, PVP in toluene and are dissolved in the water, and two kinds of solution mixing are as system
Standby high temperature resistant Al2O3The precursor solution of nanofiber;
6) SiC fibrous layers are prepared;
In step 6), electrostatic spinning apparatus can be used in the preparation SiC fibrous layers, prepares the specific side of SiC fibrous layers
Method can be:By Advance in Manufacture of Nano-fibers by Electrospinning film step 2) described, it is non-fusible that 6h progress is aoxidized under the conditions of 190 DEG C
Processing, then carries out heat treatment 1~6h under the conditions of 1000~1500 DEG C, and PCS is decomposed to obtain SiC nanofibers, be obtained super resistance to
High Temperature SiC layers of nanofibers;
7) step 3) and step 4) are repeated, prepares upper strata Al2O3High-temperature resistant fiber layer;
8) step 1) and step 2) are repeated, prepares upper strata high molecular polymer base material;
9) high temperature resistant composite nano fiber filter membrane is prepared.
In step 9), the specific method of the preparation high temperature resistant composite nano fiber filter membrane can be:To step 2),
4), 6), 7), 8) obtained by nano fibrous membrane stand for 24 hours at room temperature after hot-pressing processing is carried out under the conditions of 100~150 DEG C,
Combined strength bination is improved, obtains high temperature resistant composite nano fiber filter membrane;Each tunic thickness of composite nano fiber filter membrane can root
Factually high temperature resistant demand in border is adjusted.
Filter membrane complex method can be used after 5 layers of tunica fibrosa form a film respectively carry out hot pressing it is compound, also can be to Al2O3Before/SiC
It drives after body fiber first carries out Compound Heat Treatment and obtains high-temperature resistant fiber layer, then compound with the progress hot pressing of organic polymer base material;Institute
It can be PVDF-Al to state composite membrane2O3-SiC-Al2O3- PVDF structures or PVDF-SiC-Al2O3- SiC-PVDF structures, and
And different fiber layer thicknesses can be adjusted according to high temperature resistant demand.
The present invention provides a kind of including high molecular polymer base material, Al2O3High-temperature resistant fiber layer, SiC thermostable fibrous layers
High temperature resistant composite nano fiber filter membrane preparation method, wherein Al2O3As the material of main part of high temperature resistant filter membrane, and SiC
The introducing of thermostable fibrous layer can further improve the high-temperature resistant result of filter membrane, can be by Electrospun nano-fibers filter membrane
Application field extend to the fields such as high-temperature flue gas purification.
The present invention is molded by the composite stereo of organic high temperature-resistant nano fibrous membrane and inorganic ceramic nano fibrous membrane and improved
The mechanical performance of filter membrane, prolongs the service life, and the effectively high temperature resistance of reinforcing fiber film, and electrostatic spinning technique is promoted to exist
The application of high-temperature flue gas purification filtration art.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is PVDF-Al2O3-SiC-Al2O3- PVDF composite nano-fiber membrane schematic diagrames.
Fig. 2 is Al2O3-SiC-Al2O3Complex fire resistant layers of nanofibers schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is PVDF-SiC-Al2O3- SiC-PVDF composite nano-fiber membrane schematic diagrames.
Fig. 4 is SiC-Al2O3- SiC complex fire resistant layers of nanofibers schematic diagrames.
Fig. 5 is PVDF high molecular polymer base materials SEM figures prepared by electrostatic spinning.
Fig. 6 is Al prepared by electrostatic spinning2O3High-temperature resistant fiber layer SEM schemes.
Fig. 7 is SiC thermostable fibrous layers SEM figures prepared by electrostatic spinning.
1.PVDF high molecular polymers base material in figure;2.Al2O3High-temperature resistant fiber layer;3.SiC thermostable fibrous layers;
4.Al2O3High-temperature resistant fiber layer;5.PVDF high molecular polymer base materials;6.PVDF high molecular polymer base materials;The super resistance to height of 7.SiC
Warm fibrous layer;8.Al2O3High-temperature resistant fiber layer;9.SiC thermostable fibrous layers;10.PVDF high molecular polymer base materials.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
1st, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 1 is prepared, as shown in figure 5, the base material as composite filtering film;
2nd, by Al2O3Precursor fibre carries out 1~6h of heat treatment under the conditions of 1000~1500 DEG C, and polymer decomposes, through height
Temperature oxidation forms Al2O3Fibrous layer 2, as shown in Figure 6;
The 3rd, SiC precursor fibres under the conditions of 190 DEG C are aoxidized to 6h carry out cure treatment, later at 1000~1500 DEG C
Under the conditions of carry out heat treatment 1~6h, PCS decomposes to obtain SiC nanofibers, thermostable SiC layers of nanofibers 3 is obtained, such as Fig. 7
It is shown;
4th, by Al2O3Precursor fibre carries out 1~6h of heat treatment under the conditions of 1000~1500 DEG C, and polymer decomposes, through height
Temperature oxidation forms Al2O3Fibrous layer 4;
5th, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 5, the base material as composite filtering film are prepared;
6th, after 5 layers of nano fibrous membrane obtained by preceding step are stood for 24 hours at room temperature under the conditions of 100~150 DEG C into
Row hot-pressing processing improves combined strength bination, obtains composite nano-fiber membrane, as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
1st, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 1, the base material as composite filtering film are prepared;
The 2nd, SiC precursor fibres under the conditions of 190 DEG C are aoxidized to 6h carry out cure treatment;
3rd, by Al2O3Precursor fibre 2, SiC precursor fibres 3, Al2O3After precursor fibre 4 is stood for 24 hours at room temperature
Hot-pressing processing is carried out under the conditions of 100~150 DEG C, carries out 1~6h of heat treatment under the conditions of 1000~1500 DEG C later, is passed through
The processes such as polymer decomposition, high-temperature oxydation, obtain complex fire resistant Al2O3/ SiC fibrous layers, as shown in Figure 2;
4th, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 5, the base material as composite filtering film are prepared;
5th, after 3 layers of nano fibrous membrane obtained by preceding step are stood for 24 hours at room temperature under the conditions of 100~150 DEG C into
Row hot-pressing processing improves combined strength bination, obtains composite nano-fiber membrane, as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 3
1st, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 6, the base material as composite filtering film are prepared;
The 2nd, SiC precursor fibres under the conditions of 190 DEG C are aoxidized to 6h carry out cure treatment, later at 1000~1500 DEG C
Under the conditions of carry out heat treatment 1~6h, PCS decomposes to obtain SiC nanofibers, obtains thermostable SiC layers of nanofibers 7;
3rd, by Al2O3Precursor fibre carries out 1~6h of heat treatment under the conditions of 1000~1500 DEG C, and polymer decomposes, through height
Temperature oxidation forms Al2O3Fibrous layer 8;
The 4th, SiC precursor fibres under the conditions of 190 DEG C are aoxidized to 6h carry out cure treatment, later at 1000~1500 DEG C
Under the conditions of carry out heat treatment 1~6h, PCS decomposes to obtain SiC nanofibers, obtains thermostable SiC layers of nanofibers 9;
5th, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 10, the base material as composite filtering film are prepared;
6th, after 5 layers of nano fibrous membrane obtained by preceding step are stood for 24 hours at room temperature under the conditions of 100~150 DEG C into
Row hot-pressing processing improves combined strength bination, obtains composite nano-fiber membrane, as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 4
1st, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 6, the base material as composite filtering film are prepared;
The 2nd, SiC precursor fibres under the conditions of 190 DEG C are aoxidized to 6h carry out cure treatment;
3rd, by SiC precursor fibres 7, Al2O3Precursor fibre 8, SiC precursor fibres 9 stand for 24 hours at room temperature after
Hot-pressing processing is carried out under the conditions of 100~150 DEG C, carries out 1~6h of heat treatment under the conditions of 1000~1500 DEG C later, by poly-
The processes such as object decomposition, high-temperature oxydation are closed, obtain complex fire resistant SiC/Al2O3Fibrous layer, as shown in Figure 4;
4th, PVDF high molecular polymers nano fibrous membrane 10, the base material as composite filtering film are prepared;
5th, after 3 layers of nano fibrous membrane obtained by preceding step are stood for 24 hours at room temperature under the conditions of 100~150 DEG C into
Row hot-pressing processing improves combined strength bination, obtains composite nano-fiber membrane, as shown in Figure 3.