CN111905573A - Carbon nano composite filter membrane and preparation method and protection device thereof - Google Patents
Carbon nano composite filter membrane and preparation method and protection device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention provides a carbon nano composite filter membrane, a preparation method thereof and a protection device comprising the composite filter membrane. The carbon nano composite filter membrane comprises a first polymer membrane layer, a second polymer membrane layer, a carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer positioned between the first polymer membrane layer and the second polymer membrane layer, a first organic bonding layer positioned between the first polymer membrane layer and the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer, and a second organic bonding layer positioned between the second polymer membrane layer and the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer. Compared with the prior art, the carbon nano composite filter membrane has the advantages that the Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) fiber membrane with the nano-scale diameter and the polymer fiber membrane with the micro-scale diameter are effectively fused, the design of a gradient structure of micro and nano gaps is realized, the prepared carbon nano composite filter membrane is high in strength and strong in adsorption capacity, nano-scale ultrafine particles can be effectively filtered, and the filtering efficiency of the ultrafine particles is extremely high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of filter membrane preparation, in particular to a carbon nano composite filter membrane, a preparation method thereof and a protection device comprising the carbon nano composite filter membrane.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of heat preservation and sealing performance of indoor places such as outgoing, residence, office and the like, the concentration of droplets, microorganisms, viruses and bacteria in the indoor space can also greatly rise, particularly in a close social distance, the mask needs to be worn to effectively prevent the propagation of the microorganisms, the viruses and the bacteria, and the health and the safety of indoor breathing of people are guaranteed to the maximum extent.
Along with the large-scale construction of industrial clean environment and the popularization of human fresh air environment, the high-efficiency filter material with high performance and low wind resistance becomes a key material for controlling energy consumption and ensuring air quality safety in the field.
At present, the mask filter materials on the domestic and foreign markets are mainly divided into two types: one type is to adopt a pure mechanical interception type air filter membrane, such as a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter membrane, the micron-sized Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) of the mechanical interception type mask device is high (wherein the PFE of PM2.5 can reach 99%, and the average PFE efficiency of PM0.3 in practical application is about 95%), the filter membrane has the advantage of no need of electrostatic electret adsorption, but the weak point of the filter membrane is unstable in mechanical property, so that the gap structure is unstable, the stability of filtration is influenced, in order to ensure the safety of filtration, the submicron level of the gap of the filter membrane is needed, so the filter membrane has higher cost and is usually used for filtering dust as a main purpose application scene. The other type is an electrostatic adsorption type filter membrane constructed by melt-blown polypropylene (PP) fibers or PP composite fiber materials, the electrostatic adsorption type filter membrane can perform pure mechanical interception type filtration to a certain extent, but the mechanical interception efficiency is not high (wherein the PFE value of PM0.3 can only reach 75%, and the average PFE efficiency of PM0.3 in practical application is about 55%), however, after the adsorption type filter membrane is treated by an electrostatic electret mode, the PFE of PM0.3 can reach more than 95%, but the high standard requirement that the PFE is not less than 99.97% is still difficult to achieve. Therefore, the market is always eagerly seeking new materials to construct a new generation of energy-saving and environment-friendly filter material with higher filtering efficiency and full filtering function (both inorganic non-metal particles and oily particles have high-efficiency filtering capability), so as to solve the pain point problem of the products in the mask industry and meet the healthy breathing and good living demands of the masses of people.
In the fields of industrial semiconductor clean rooms and human-living fresh air equipment, the currently used high-efficiency filter material is mainly nano-grade glass fiber, the filter material has high filtering efficiency (the average PFE of PM0.3 can reach 99.9%), but the filter material has the biggest defects of high cost, large filtering resistance and high energy consumption. Therefore, in the field of industrial and human-living fresh air, new materials are urgently sought to construct a new-generation energy-saving and environment-friendly filter material with high filter efficiency, low filter resistance and stable function so as to solve the problem of high operating cost of an industrial clean room and a human-living fresh air system, and meet the requirements of high-precision industrial large-scale cost control and the requirements of health breathing and beautiful life of people.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that an efficient filtering device in the prior art needs high-value PFE and element balance with minimum respiratory resistance, the invention provides a carbon nano composite filter membrane and a preparation method thereof. The filter material also has the advantages of uniform and stable structure and designable structure, and can be produced in large batch and popularized and applied.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a carbon nano composite filter membrane is provided, which includes a first polymer membrane layer, a second polymer membrane layer, a carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer located between the first polymer membrane layer and the second polymer membrane layer, a first organic adhesive layer located between the first polymer membrane layer and the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer, and a second organic adhesive layer located between the second polymer membrane layer and the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer.
Furthermore, the thickness of the carbon nanotube fiber film layer in the carbon nano composite filter membrane is 10-100nm, and the gap is 1-10 nm. Optionally, the carbon nanotube fiber film layer is formed by laminating single-layer or multi-layer carbon nanotubes, and the thickness of the single-layer carbon nanotube is 3-10 nm.
Further, in the carbon nano composite filter membrane layer, optionally, melt-blown PP film layers are stacked on two sides of the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer, the melt-blown PP film layers are respectively formed by stacking single-layer or multi-layer melt-blown PP, and the thickness of the single-layer melt-blown PP is 10-25 μm.
Further, the first polymer film layer and the second polymer film layer are independently porous films of polypropylene PP, polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, and have a void size of 0.1 to 1 μm, and a thickness of 5 to 10 μm, respectively.
Further, the first organic adhesive layer and the second organic adhesive layer are independently formed of granular ethylene, propylene or a mixed component thereof, and have a grain diameter (thickness) of 5 to 20 μm, respectively.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a carbon nanotube fiber film precursor, drawing carbon nanotubes into a carbon nanotube film with the thickness of 3-10nm by a physical method, and overlapping the carbon nanotube film and a melt-blown polypropylene micron film in a crossed manner according to process requirements to form a PP-CNT- … CNT- … -CNT-PP multilayer composite film which is used as the carbon nanotube fiber film precursor;
simultaneously preparing a first polymer film, a second polymer film, first organic particles and second organic particles respectively;
(2) uniformly sticking the first organic particles on the surface of the first polymer film to form a first organic bonding layer precursor, and uniformly sticking the second organic particles on the surface of the second polymer film to form a second organic bonding layer precursor;
(3) adhering the carbon nanotube fiber membrane precursor between the first organic adhesive layer precursor and the second organic adhesive layer precursor to form a carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor;
(4) and (4) carrying out high-temperature high-pressure treatment on the carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor prepared in the step (3), and then cooling to room temperature to prepare the carbon nano composite filter membrane. Preferably, in the step (4), the high-temperature high-pressure treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 413K-493K, the pressure is 0.1-1MPa, and the treatment time is 5-180 s.
In the step (1), the carbon nanotube fiber film precursor is formed by alternately laminating a single-layer or multi-layer carbon nanotube film and a melt-blown polypropylene (PP) micron film.
The total thickness of the carbon nanotube film in the carbon nanotube fiber film precursor is 10-100nm, and the size of the gap is 1-10 nm; the total thickness of the melt-blown polypropylene micron film in the carbon nano tube fiber film precursor is 20-50 mu m, and the size of the gap is 0.1-1 mu m.
According to another aspect of the invention, a protective device is provided, which comprises the carbon nano composite filter membrane.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing filter membrane, the invention realizes the high-temperature and high-strength compounding of the carbon nanotube fiber membrane and the micron polymer membrane by compounding the carbon nanotube material and the polymer membrane with the micron gaps, and the obtained nano microstructure thin film has the characteristic of gradient distribution of the gap in the thickness direction and has the characteristic of designable gap. Not only construct nanometer size space (the space size is little, reaches 1nm), can control the film thickness in nanometer space in 100nm thickness range moreover, can guarantee like this that the gaseous molecule of nanometer membrane both sides realizes high efficiency mass exchange, can effectively filter simultaneously and become solid particle and aerogel granule (microorganism, bacterium and virus) 0.1 micron. The carbon nano composite filter membrane has high integral strength, high filtration efficiency and uniform structure. The carbon nano composite filter membrane has high Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) and high bacteria organic particle filtration efficiency (BFE), and can be widely applied to masks for various dust protection, pollen allergy protection, medical protection and virus protection, and high-efficiency filters for fresh air space systems and industrial clean rooms.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carbon nanocomposite filter membrane according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM picture of a carbon nanofiber layer prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the whole carbon nano composite filter membrane prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an SEM picture of a PP layer of a carbon nano composite filter membrane prepared in example 4 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The carbon nanotube material has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific surface area, good hydrophobicity and the like, and the key is that the carbon nanotube film with macroscopic large area can be formed by physical film drawing, and the performance and the preparation process of the carbon nanotube have been widely researched since the carbon nanotube is discovered in 1991. The nano composite filter membrane also provides a key nano material for realizing a nano composite filter membrane with a high-efficiency filter function.
The carbon nano composite filter membrane of the invention adopts a carbon nano tube fiber membrane as one of the main components. The carbon nanotube fiber film is an ultra-high purity, self-supporting super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) film, has high specific strength, large specific surface area, a single-layer film thickness of less than twenty nanometers, and is hydrophobic.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a carbon nano composite filter membrane, which includes a first polymer membrane layer, a second polymer membrane layer, a carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer located between the first polymer membrane layer and the second polymer membrane layer, a first organic adhesive layer located between the first polymer membrane layer and the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer, and a second organic adhesive layer located between the second polymer membrane layer and the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer.
The first polymer film layer and the second polymer film layer can be the same or different, can be independently PP, PTFE or a composite film thereof, and respectively have a gap with the size of 0.1-1 μm and the thickness of 5-10 μm.
The carbon nanotube fiber film layer is formed by superposing single-layer or multi-layer carbon nanotubes, and the thickness of the single-layer carbon nanotube is 3-10 nm. Preferably, the total thickness of the carbon nanotube fiber film layer is 10-100nm, and the gap is 1-10 nm. Wherein, the diameter of the single carbon nano tube is 3-10nm, and the length is 10-800 μm. In the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer, an interactive nano-grid structure is formed among the carbon nanotubes, so that gas molecules can penetrate through the interactive nano-grid structure, and solid particles or aerogel molecules cannot penetrate through the interactive nano-grid structure.
If the total thickness of the carbon nanotube fiber film layer exceeds 100nm, the filtration resistance of the carbon nanotube fiber film layer is affected due to the increase of the air resistance of the radially superposed interface of the plurality of carbon nanotubes.
The first organic adhesive layer and the second organic adhesive layer may be the same or different, may be independently formed of organic particles selected from ethylene, propylene or a mixed component thereof in a granular form, and have a thickness of 5 to 20 μm, respectively.
The organic particles forming the organic adhesive layer have a particle size of about 5 to 20 μm. The organic particles are uniformly distributed on the polymer film layer and are used for bonding the carbon nanotube fiber film layer and the polymer film layer.
The carbon nano composite filter membrane provided by the invention comprises the layers with different materials and thicknesses, so that a gap gradient is formed in the thickness direction. The carbon nanotube fiber film layer in the innermost layer has the smallest gap (between 1nm and 10 nm) and gradually increases towards the outer layer, and the gap in the polymer film substrate layer is 0.1 to 1 mu m. Liquid and aerogel particles are basically intercepted by the polymer film layers with micron gaps, nano particles cannot penetrate through the carbon nanotube fiber film layers with the nanometer gaps, and gas molecules can penetrate through the carbon nanotube fiber film layers with low resistance; therefore, the gas molecules realize high-efficiency mass exchange at the interface of the carbon nano composite filter membrane, and the solid particles, the liquid particles and the aerogel particles are effectively adsorbed and confined, so that the carbon nano composite filter membrane cannot penetrate through the gas molecules.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane, including the steps of:
(1) preparing a carbon nano tube fiber membrane precursor, and simultaneously preparing a first polymer membrane, a second polymer membrane, first organic matter particles and second organic matter particles respectively;
(2) uniformly sticking the first organic particles on the surface of the first polymer film to form a first organic bonding layer precursor, and uniformly sticking the second organic particles on the surface of the second polymer film to form a second organic bonding layer precursor;
(3) adhering the carbon nanotube fiber membrane precursor between the first organic adhesive layer precursor and the second organic adhesive layer precursor to form a carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor;
(4) and (4) carrying out high-temperature high-pressure treatment on the carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor prepared in the step (3), and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon nano composite filter membrane.
Further, in the step (1), the carbon nanotube fiber film precursor is formed by laminating single-layer or multi-layer carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are preferably super-ordered high purity carbon nanotubes prepared by chemical vapor deposition, the carbon nanotubes having the requirements as described above.
Furthermore, the multi-layer lamination process of the carbon nanotube fiber film is carried out in a clean space, so that each layer of carbon nanotube film is crossed, laminated, pressed and formed, the total thickness is 10-100nm, and the gap is 1-10 nm. According to the requirements, melt-blown PP film layers are superposed on two sides of the carbon nano tube fiber film, the melt-blown PP film layers are formed by superposing single-layer or multi-layer melt-blown PP, and the thickness of the single-layer melt-blown PP is 10-25 mu m.
Further, the step (2) is as follows: uniformly sticking organic particles on the surface of the polymer film with micron gaps.
Specifically, the organic particles are uniformly adhered to the surface of the polymer film with micron pores by screen printing. By controlling the screen printing aperture, the thickness of the organic bonding layer can be adjusted.
Further, in the step (4), the high-temperature high-pressure treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 413K-493K, the pressure is more than 0.1-1MPa, and the treatment time is 5-180 s. Through the high-temperature high-pressure treatment, organic matter particles form an organic bonding layer, so that the carbon nano tube film layer and the polymer film layer are tightly combined, and the large-size carbon nano composite filter membrane with the gradient nano gaps can be realized.
The filtration apparatus constructed using the carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane constructed according to the present invention has not only high particle filtration efficiency (PFE over 99%) but also high bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE over 99%).
The filtering device can completely meet the high performance requirements of medical masks, civil masks and air management systems. It is also important that the filter apparatus can be used in any local or time-saving environment.
In the same principle, the carbon nano tube has high specific strength, high length-diameter ratio and hydrophobicity, so that the air management device manufactured by the carbon nano composite filter membrane cannot breed harmful bacteria or microorganisms due to long-term work, is particularly suitable for being used for a fresh air management system and a semiconductor clean room high-efficiency filter system, has wide adaptability, and can greatly improve the energy-saving performance and the safety performance of the air management system.
The super-ordered carbon nanotube (SACNT) material can draw a nano-gap film with a macroscopic size of more than kilometer level, so that the nano-composite filter material is constructed by adopting the super-ordered carbon nanotube to further manufacture a high-efficiency filter device, the material technology is mature, the device principle is correct, the raw material source is rich, the cost is controllable, the product performance is excellent, and the product technical index has market lead; in downstream industry product application, the application performance index of the SACNT film is excellent, and the application resources of the future product market are rich.
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The conditions used in the examples may be further adjusted according to the specific product, and the conditions used in the experiments are not generally indicated.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available.
The invention provides a carbon nano composite filter membrane and a preparation method thereof, and the specific embodiment is as follows.
Example 1:
a carbon nano composite filter membrane comprises an upper layer of polymer membrane layer and a lower layer of polymer membrane layer with micron gaps, a carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer positioned between the polymer membrane layers, and an organic bonding layer positioned between the polymer membrane layer and the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer, as shown in figure 1.
The preparation process of the carbon nano composite filter membrane is as follows:
(1) firstly, preparing a high-purity single-layer carbon nanotube prepared by a CVD method, wherein the diameter of a single carbon nanotube is 3nm, the length of the single carbon nanotube is 300 mu m, the thickness of a single-layer carbon nanotube fiber film is 3nm, and a carbon nanotube fiber film precursor with the gap of 2nm and the thickness of 15nm is formed by repeatedly overlapping 5 layers of carbon nanotube fiber films; at the same time, a PTFE polymer film having a gap of 1 μm and a thickness of 10 μm and organic particles of propylene having a particle size of 5 μm were prepared.
(2) The organic acrylic particles are uniformly adhered to the surface of the polymer film layer by adopting a screen printing method (the diameter of a mesh is 7 mu m) to form an organic bonding layer precursor.
(3) And then adhering the carbon nanotube fiber membrane precursor between two organic adhesive layer precursors to form the gradient carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor.
(4) And (3) heating the gradient carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor prepared in the step (3) to 423K by using a hot roller, pressurizing to 1MPa, treating and fusing for 10 seconds, cooling to room temperature, and relieving pressure to obtain the carbon nano composite filter membrane with the total thickness of 30 mu m, wherein the thickness of the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer is 15nm, and the gap is 2 nm.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the carbon nano composite filter membrane comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, preparing a high-purity single-layer carbon nanotube prepared by a CVD method, wherein the diameter of a single carbon nanotube is 10nm, the length of the single carbon nanotube is 800 microns, the thickness of a single-layer carbon nanotube fiber film is 10nm, and a carbon nanotube fiber film precursor with the gap of 1nm and the thickness of 80nm is formed by repeatedly overlapping 8 layers of carbon nanotube fiber films; at the same time, a PTFE polymer film having a gap of 0.1 μm and a thickness of 10 μm and organic particles of propylene having a particle size of 10 μm were prepared.
(2) Uniformly sticking the acrylic organic particles on the surface of the polymer film layer by adopting a screen printing (the diameter of a mesh is 50 mu m) mode to form an organic bonding layer precursor.
(3) And then adhering the carbon nanotube fiber membrane precursor between two organic adhesive layer precursors to form the gradient carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor.
(4) And (3) heating the gradient carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor prepared in the step (3) to 433K by using a hot roller, pressurizing to 1MPa, treating and fusing for 10 seconds, cooling to room temperature, and relieving pressure to obtain the carbon nano composite filter membrane with the total thickness of 30 mu m, wherein the thickness of the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer is 80nm, and the gap is 1 nm.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the carbon nano composite filter membrane comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, preparing a high-purity single-layer carbon nanotube prepared by a CVD method, wherein the diameter of a single carbon nanotube is 7nm, the length of the single carbon nanotube is 700 mu m, the thickness of a single-layer carbon nanotube fiber film is 7nm, and a carbon nanotube fiber film precursor with the gap of 1nm and the thickness of 70nm is formed by repeatedly overlapping 10 layers of carbon nanotube fiber films; at the same time, a PTFE polymer film having a gap of 5 μm and a thickness of 10 μm and polyethylene organic particles having a particle size of 20 μm were prepared.
(2) Uniformly sticking polyethylene organic particles on the surface of the polymer film layer by adopting a screen printing (the diameter of a mesh is 30 mu m) mode to form an organic bonding layer precursor.
(3) And then adhering the carbon nanotube fiber membrane precursor between two organic adhesive layer precursors to form the gradient carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor.
(4) And (3) heating the gradient carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor prepared in the step (3) to 413K by using a hot roller, pressurizing to 1MPa, treating and fusing for 5 seconds, cooling to room temperature, and relieving pressure to obtain the carbon nano composite filter membrane with the total thickness of 50 mu m, wherein the thickness of the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer is 70nm, and the gap is 1 nm.
Fig. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the carbon nanofiber membrane layer of the inner layer of the gradient-type carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane synthesized in example 3, which shows that the voids of the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer of the innermost layer are within 1 nm.
Fig. 3 shows an SEM photograph of PP fibers in the carbon nanofiber membrane layer of the inner layer of the gradient carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane synthesized in example 3, which shows that the porosity of PP fibers in the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer of the innermost layer is within 1 μm.
Example 4:
in this example, the carbon nanotube fiber film precursor has a single carbon nanotube with a diameter of 5nm and a length of 500 μm, a single carbon nanotube fiber film has a gap of 50nm and a thickness of 5nm, and a layer of melt-blown PP film with a thickness of 50 μm is respectively laminated on both sides of the carbon nanotube fiber film, and the other conditions are the same as those in example 3.
The carbon nano composite filter membrane with the total thickness of 150 mu m, the thickness of the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer of 50nm and the gap of 1nm is obtained.
Fig. 4 shows an SEM photograph of the whole of the gradient type carbon nano composite filter membrane synthesized in example 4, which shows that the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer is fused and compounded to the polymer membrane layer through the organic adhesive layer at high temperature and high pressure.
For examples 1-4, the particle filtration efficiency of the carbon nano composite filter membrane was determined according to the national standards GB 2626-2019 respiratory protection article-self-priming filtration type particulate-preventing respirator and GB/T32610-2016 technical Specification for daily protective mask; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the carbon nano composite filter membrane prepared by the invention has high particle filtration efficiency, small respiratory resistance and high bacteria filtration efficiency.
In conclusion, the carbon nano tube fiber with the nano-pores and the polymer film with the micro-pores are orderly assembled, so that the high-temperature and high-strength compounding of the carbon nano tube fiber film and the polymer film with the micro-pores is realized, and the obtained carbon nano composite film with the nano-microstructure has the characteristic of gradient distribution of the porosity in the thickness direction and has the characteristic of designable porosity. Not only the nanoscale gap (the gap size is small and can be within 1nm at least) is constructed, but also the thickness of the carbon nanofiber membrane in the nanoscale gap can be controlled within the thickness range of 10-100nm, so that the effective interception and adsorption of nanoparticles (including inorganic nonmetallic particles, oily particles, microorganisms, aerogel bacteria and viruses) can be guaranteed, and the efficient gas quality exchange of the nanofilm can be guaranteed. The carbon nano composite filter membrane has high integral strength, high filtering efficiency and stable and uniform structure, and can be used for various medical masks, civil masks, air management systems and industrial clean environment high-efficiency filtering devices.
The above experiments are only preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A carbon nano composite filter membrane is characterized by comprising a first polymer membrane layer, a second polymer membrane layer, a carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer positioned between the first polymer membrane layer and the second polymer membrane layer, a first organic bonding layer positioned between the first polymer membrane layer and the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer, and a second organic bonding layer positioned between the second polymer membrane layer and the carbon nano tube fiber membrane layer.
2. The carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane is 50 to 100 μm, and the voids of the carbon nanotube fiber membrane layer are 1 to 10 nm.
3. The carbon nanocomposite filter membrane according to claim 1, wherein the first polymer membrane layer and the second polymer membrane layer are independently of polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene material, and have a thickness of 5-10 μm and a void of 0.1-1 μm, respectively.
4. The carbon nanocomposite filter membrane according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotube fiber film layer is formed by fusing a carbon nanotube material and polypropylene, the carbon nanotube material comprises single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the diameter of the carbon nanotube material is 3-10 nm.
5. The carbon nanocomposite filter membrane according to claim 1, wherein the first organic adhesive layer and the second organic adhesive layer are independently formed of granular polyethylene, polypropylene, or mixed granules thereof, and have a thickness of 5 to 20 μm, respectively.
6. The preparation method of the carbon nano composite filter membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a carbon nanotube fiber film precursor, drawing carbon nanotubes into a carbon nanotube film, wherein the thickness of the carbon nanotube film is 3-10nm, and overlapping the carbon nanotube film and a melt-blown polypropylene micron film in a crossed manner according to process requirements to form a PP-CNT- … CNT- … -CNT-PP multilayer composite film; simultaneously preparing a first polymer film, a second polymer film, first organic particles and second organic particles respectively;
(2) uniformly sticking the first organic particles on the surface of the first polymer film to form a first organic bonding layer precursor, and uniformly sticking the second organic particles on the surface of the second polymer film to form a second organic bonding layer precursor;
(3) adhering the carbon nanotube fiber membrane precursor between a first organic adhesive layer precursor and a second organic adhesive layer precursor to form a carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor;
(4) and (4) carrying out high-temperature high-pressure treatment on the carbon nano composite filter membrane precursor prepared in the step (3), and then cooling to room temperature to prepare the carbon nano composite filter membrane.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the carbon nanotube fiber film precursor is formed by cross-laminating a single-layer or multi-layer carbon nanotube film and a melt-blown polypropylene micro film.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the carbon nanotube thin film in the carbon nanotube fiber membrane precursor has a total thickness of 10 to 100nm and a void size of 1 to 10 nm; the total thickness of the melt-blown polypropylene micron film in the carbon nano tube fiber film precursor is 20-50 mu m, and the size of the gap is 0.1-1 mu m.
9. The method for preparing a carbon nanocomposite filtration membrane according to claim 6, wherein in the step (4), the high-temperature high-pressure treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 413K-493K, the pressure is 0.1-1MPa, and the treatment time is 5-180 s.
10. A guard comprising the carbon nanocomposite filter membrane of any of claims 1 to 5.
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