CN110564777A - 糖尿病疾病模型犬的建立方法 - Google Patents
糖尿病疾病模型犬的建立方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过基因编辑技术制备糖尿病模型犬的方法,以及获得的糖尿病模型犬,糖尿病模型犬的细胞和组织。所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)利用基因编辑技术获得GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬受精卵;以及(2)将GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬的一侧输卵管内从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通过基因编辑技术建立糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,获得的糖尿病疾病模型犬,以及糖尿病疾病模型犬的细胞和组织。
背景技术
犬是目前基础医学研究和教学中最常用的实验动物之一,尤其在生理、药理和病理生理学等实验研究中起着重要作用。通过对犬进行全基因组测序分析,共计确定约1.93万个基因,其中约1.8万个基因与人类已知基因相同,其基因组与人类的相似度高于小鼠等其他实验动物。犬在遗传性疾病方面与人类也极为相似,癌症、心脏病、聋哑、失明和免疫性神经系统疾病等360多种遗传疾病与人类相同,适于作为人类疾病研究的模式动物。而且,犬的遗传性疾病较少,实验重复性好,血液循环和神经系统发达,消化系统及内脏与人相似,在毒理方面的反应与人类比较接近,尤其适合药理、循环生理、眼科、毒理、外科学等研究。另外犬性格温顺容易调教,经短期训练能很好地配合实验,被国际医学、生物学界公认为较理想的实验用犬。
目前常用的制备犬疾病模型的方法主要包括:饲喂法、机械损伤法及免疫学方法等。但是,因为饲喂法、机械损伤法和免疫学法均是在健康动物基础上,采用特殊的方法诱导其出现疾病表型,因此存在无法出现疾病表型、表型持续时间较短或无法模拟人类疾病症状等问题。而采用基因工程的方法对犬基因组进行基因敲除或转基因修饰,其疾病症状为原发症状,表型持续时间长,并且具有可遗传性。
糖尿病是继心血管疾病及肿瘤后的第三大疾病。目前,全世界糖尿病患者已超过4亿,中国糖尿病患者已超过1亿。在中国,随着生活水平的提高,不健康饮食和缺乏运动使得糖尿病患病率在过去的二十多年中呈爆炸式增长,其中II型糖尿病占到90%,且呈现出青少年化的发病趋势,严重影响人民的身心健康与生活质量。II型糖尿病又称非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,患者自身能产生胰岛素,但细胞无法对其做出应答,造成胰岛素相对缺乏,其诱发因素繁多而且复杂。
其中,青少年发病的成年型糖尿病(maturity-onset diabetes of the young,MODY)是一种最普遍的单基因遗传性糖尿病,由与β细胞功能相关的基因突变引起,以常染色体显性遗传,25岁前发病和多代同堂的家族糖尿病史为特征。目前,发现至少有13种MODY亚型,MODY1~13,其相关的致病基因及临床分子特征如表1所示,13种亚型中MODY1、MODY2、MODY3和MODY5最常见。其中MODY2(maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2)是由GCK基因失活突变引起的,由GCK基因编码的葡萄糖激酶(Glucokinase,GCK)催化葡萄糖转化为6-磷酸葡萄糖,是葡萄糖代谢过程中的第一个限速酶,也是葡萄糖浓度感受器,在调节血液葡萄糖浓度中起着关键作用。MODY具有显性遗传、发病年龄早等特点。单个GCK基因失活突变可致中度高血糖症,双基因失活突变会出现严重的高血糖症且出生后就表现出明显的症状。GCK基因突变率在人群中约为0.1%,在青少年糖尿病中所占比例较大,且大多数为单基因突变,占到MODY患者的10-60%。截至目前,已在1441个家庭中发现620种突变,大多数家庭来自英国、法国和西班牙;同样,在日本MODY2也是最普遍的一个亚型,在中国的发病率相对小些。
MODY2在青少年糖尿病中比较常见,一般在25岁前表现出临床症状。常见的情况是单个GCK基因突变,双基因突变较少,具有临床症状的突变基本发生在保守区域内。目前,MODY2糖尿病患者主要以胰岛素注射治疗为主,尚未有其它治疗方法的报道。另外,MODY2的临床特征与I型糖尿病类似,在初期诊断中经常被误诊,因此,进一步开展MODY2的研究和治疗具有非常重要的临床意义。然而,关于MODY2的发病机理的研究还很有限,还存在很多尚未得到解答的难题:(1)在葡萄糖代谢过程中通过上调己糖激酶表达能否弥补GCK基因突变缺陷;(2)MODY2患者高血糖症状是由肝脏中GCK基因突变造成的还是由β细胞中GCK基因突变造成的;(3)其它组织器官中GCK基因缺失是否会对血糖浓度产生影响;(4)干细胞治疗或是基因修复治疗对MODY2患者是否有效果。然而,要回答这些问题,首先就需要建立糖尿病疾病动物模型。
1995年Andrew Grupe等构建了小鼠的GCK基因敲除模型,并证明由胰腺β细胞分泌的葡萄糖激酶在维持血糖浓度的平衡中起了关键的作用。小鼠模型虽然拥有较大优势,但其与人亲缘关系较远,寿命短、体型小,生理解剖特征等与人类差异较大,难以准确模拟疾病的发生及治疗过程。相比于小鼠,大动物模型能更准确地模拟人类疾病,但目前还缺乏MODY2疾病的大动物模型,从而在一定程度上限制了MODY2干细胞治疗、基因治疗和药物筛选的研究。犬是药物临床前试验的最佳动物,也是理想的模式动物,构建犬MODY2糖尿病疾病模型将为开展MODY2糖尿病干细胞治疗、基因修复治疗和药物筛选提供动物模型,从而为人MODY2糖尿病的临床治疗提供重要的临床前试验依据,将对人MODY2糖尿病的治疗和研究具有非常重要的意义。因此利用最新的基因组编辑技术制备SHANK3敲除犬意义重大。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种经基因编辑技术建立GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,所述方法包括针对犬GCK基因序列选择打靶位点,构建BE3表达载体,载体经验证有效后体外转录mRNA,然后采用胞质注射的方式将mRNA注射入犬受精卵中,再将胚胎移植入冲卵母犬体内,从而制备GCK基因敲除模型犬。本发明还涉及所建立的GCK基因敲除糖尿病模型、及其组织和细胞。
第一方面,本发明提供了用于建立GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)利用基因编辑技术获得GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬受精卵;以及(2)将GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬的一侧输卵管内从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬。
所述步骤(1)中的基因编辑技术包括:BE3,CRISPR/Cas9,TALEN和ZFN。
第二方面,本发明提供了用于建立GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)根据犬的GCK基因序列,针对外显子2序列确定打靶位点;(2)根据步骤(1)确定的打靶位点合成sgRNA序列,然后将合成的序列与骨架载体连接构建sgRNA打靶载体;(3)将sgRNA打靶载体体外转录获得sgRNA的RNA,将BE3体外转录为mRNA;(4)将步骤(3)获得的sgRNA的RNA,将BE3的mRNA混合后胞质内注射到犬的受精卵中;以及(5)将犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬一侧输卵管内,从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬。
优选地,针对GCK基因外显子2的序列确定打靶位点。
优选地,对GCK基因外显子2的序列进行插入、删除、置换和/或添加等修饰。
优选地,对GCK基因外显子2的序列进行点突变修饰。
优选地,根据GCK基因序列设计1个打靶位点,所述打靶位点序列为:5’-GGATGCAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)。
优选地,根据所述打靶位点序列合成的sgRNA序列及其互补序列为:
F:CACCGggatgcagagggagatggcg(SEQ ID NO:8)和
R:AAACcgccatctccctctgcatccC(SEQ ID NO:9)。
优选的,所述骨架载体为构自Addgene公司的T7-gRNA。
优选地,所述步骤(5)中将犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬出血较少的一侧输卵管内。
第三方面,本发明提供了用于建立GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)根据犬的GCK基因序列,针对外显子2序列确定打靶位点;(2)根据步骤(1)确定的打靶位点合成sgRNA序列,然后将合成的序列与骨架载体连接构建sgRNA打靶载体;(3)将sgRNA打靶载体体外转录获得sgRNA的RNA,将BE3体外转录为mRNA;(4)将步骤(3)获得的sgRNA的RNA和BE3的mRNA混合后胞质内注射到犬体细胞中,然后将犬体细胞核移植到犬去核卵母细胞中;以及在步骤(5)中将犬去核卵母细胞移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬的一侧输卵管内,从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬。
第四方面,本发明提供了犬GCK基因点突变型糖尿病模型,所述GCK基因点突变打靶载体是由针对GCK基因外显子2中的打靶位点序列设计的sgRNA序列以及骨架载体构成。
优选地,所述外显子为犬GCK基因外显子2。优选地,所述骨架载体为购自Addgene的T7-gRNA。
优选地,所述打靶位点序列为:
5’-GGATGCAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)。
优选地,根据所述打靶位点序列合成的sgRNA序列及其互补序列为:
F:CACCGggatgcagagggagatggcg(SEQ ID NO:8)和
R:AAACcgccatctccctctgcatccC(SEQ ID NO:9)。
第五方面,本发明提供了由第一方面至第三方面任一项的方法获得的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的体细胞、组织和器官。
优选地,所述体细胞、组织和器官包含SEQ ID NO:2所示的如下序列:5’-GGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:2)。
优选地,所述体细胞、组织和器官包含SEQ ID NO:3所示的如下序列:GCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAG(SEQ ID NO:3)。
优选地,所述体细胞、组织和器官包含SEQ ID NO:4所示的如下序列:GAGCTACAAAGGGGGAGCTGCCACCTGCACCCCCCAGCATGCCTCGGCCACTGCATTTGGGGGCTGCTCTTGGAACTCTGCTGCTCTAACTTTTCAACTGGTCCTAACTGGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGGTCATCTTGGGCCCAGGCCAGAGGGCAAAGGACACTCCCGGTGTGTGCAGGGAGGGCCTGACTTGGCTGCCACAGGCCCCCAGCCCACCCAGCTTCCCCCCACCCCGTGCAGGCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAGGTACCGCGTCCCTGGGCCCCAGCAGGGAAGGCCAGCCTAGGTCCTTGCAGCCATGGGCTGGTTCTCACCCGAGCTCCGTGCCAGCCCCGCCCTGGCATCTTCACCGCCTTGGGGAAACTGGCTTTGTGCATCTTGCAATAGGAAATTTGTTCTCAGGCTCAGCCCAATCCTGACCCTGCGCTGTTTCACTAGGTCTTTCCTTGGAACCTGGGCTTGCAGTGGCTTCAGTCCAAGGCAGCGGCTGCCCACTGAGCTCCCCAGTTCACCTTTGACCTCTTCCACAGTTGACTCTGGGGTCCCCTGGTACCTGGGGTCAGCAGCCCCCTGTCCAGCTCCTCTGATCCCCCCACTCCGTCCTCTCCTCCTCTTCCTGATCTTGGGGTCCTGCTGGGCAGCACCCCGAGGCTAATGCACTTCTCACTGTGTCTGCAGAAGTCGGGGACTTCCTCTCCCTGGACCTGGGCGGCACCAACTTCAG(SEQ ID NO:4)。
优选地,所述体细胞为分类命名为GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬比格犬皮肤成纤维细胞:GCK-KO-190619,保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号(邮政编码100101),保藏号为CGMCCNo.18305,保藏日期为2019年7月23日。
第六方面,本发明提供了用于检测包含SEQ ID NO:2(5’-GGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’)所示序列片段的基因组序列的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的引物对,所述引物对针对如下所示的序列进行设计:GAGCTACAAAGGGGGAGCTGCCACCTGCACCCCCCAGCATGCCTCGGCCACTGCATTTGGGGGCTGCTCTTGGAACTCTGCTGCTCTAACTTTTCAACTGGTCCTAACTGGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGGTCATCTTGGGCCCAGGCCAGAGGGCAAAGGACACTCCCGGTGTGTGCAGGGAGGGCCTGACTTGGCTGCCACAGGCCCCCAGCCCACCCAGCTTCCCCCCACCCCGTGCAGGCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAGGTACCGCGTCCCTGGGCCCCAGCAGGGAAGGCCAGCCTAGGTCCTTGCAGCCATGGGCTGGTTCTCACCCGAGCTCCGTGCCAGCCCCGCCCTGGCATCTTCACCGCCTTGGGGAAACTGGCTTTGTGCATCTTGCAATAGGAAATTTGTTCTCAGGCTCAGCCCAATCCTGACCCTGCGCTGTTTCACTAGGTCTTTCCTTGGAACCTGGGCTTGCAGTGGCTTCAGTCCAAGGCAGCGGCTGCCCACTGAGCTCCCCAGTTCACCTTTGACCTCTTCCACAGTTGACTCTGGGGTCCCCTGGTACCTGGGGTCAGCAGCCCCCTGTCCAGCTCCTCTGATCCCCCCACTCCGTCCTCTCCTCCTCTTCCTGATCTTGGGGTCCTGCTGGGCAGCACCCCGAGGCTAATGCACTTCTCACTGTGTCTGCAGAAGTCGGGGACTTCCTCTCCCTGGACCTGGGCGGCACCAACTTCAG(SEQ ID NO:4)。
优选地,所述引物对的序列如下:
GCK-CBE-S2-F:5’GGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGG 3’(SEQ ID NO:5);
GCK-CBE-S2-R:5’GAGGAGGAGAGGACGGAGT 3’(SEQ ID NO:6)。
第七方面,本发明提供了用于检测包含SEQ ID NO:2(GGATG TAGAGGGAGATGGCG)所示序列的基因组序列的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含针对SEQ ID NO:4或SEQ ID NO:3所示序列设计的引物对。
优选的,所述引物对的序列如下:
GCK-CBE-S2-F:5’GGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGG 3’(SEQ ID NO:5);
GCK-CBE-S2-R:5’GAGGAGGAGAGGACGGAGT3’(SEQ ID NO:6)。
第八方面,本发明提供了由第一方面至第三方面任一项的方法获得的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬。
犬GCK基因共包含8个外显子。本发明在其第2外显子处进行基因打靶。
GCK基因第2外显子野生型序列为:GCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGAC TTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGCAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAG(SEQ ID NO:7)。
点突变之后的序列为:GCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGAT GCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGA TGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAG(SEQ ID NO:3)。
除第2外显子外,在犬GCK基因其他外显子的任意序列处进行基因打靶,也可能达到诱发犬发生糖尿病表型,从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的目的。
母犬阴道有血性分泌物流出时即判断为处于发情前期,然后采集血液检测血清中孕酮浓度,当孕酮浓度达到4-7ng/mL时可以确定为排卵期,排卵后48-72h卵母细胞发育至第二次减数分裂中期。为获得处于I细胞期的原核胚胎,需在排卵后48h进行自然交配,经过18h的体内受精,冲取受精胚胎。
冲胚时,首先暴露卵巢及子宫的宫管结合部,将带有圆形前端的金属注射针从卵巢囊的裂口处插入输卵管伞部,然后将针管与输卵管伞部结扎固定;然后在位于宫管结合部的输卵管处,将采血针穿刺入输卵管中,用10mL含有10%胎牛血清HEPES缓冲的TCM199培养基(HM,GIBCO,11150)冲洗输卵管,冲卵液有输卵管伞部结扎的注射针处流出并收集到10mL离心管中。双侧输卵管均采用该方法进行冲卵。
本发明利用基因编辑技术,根据犬GCK基因序列的外显子选择打靶位点序列,并且根据打靶位点序列构建了sgRNA打靶载体和BE3表达载体,载体经验证有效后,体外转录为mRNA,然后采用胞质注射的方式将mRNA注射入犬受精卵中,然后将犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬的一侧输卵管内,从而制备GCK基因点突变型糖尿病疾病模型犬。这是世界上首次成功获得了GCK基因点突变型糖尿病疾病模型犬。
犬与人类关系密切,生活在相同的环境中,基因相似性极大,在遗传学上相对简单,糖尿病是犬常见的内分泌病,因此犬是糖尿病的良好模式动物。本研究通过对犬GCK基因第二外显子进行点突变,模拟了人类糖尿病的遗传缺陷,制备了人类糖尿病模型犬。利用该方法制备的糖尿病模型犬是世界上第一例糖尿病模型犬,能够有效弥补小鼠糖尿病模型动物的缺陷,同时在基因缺陷模式上与人类具有较高的相似性,可用于人类糖尿病治疗新技术的研究,新药研发及其发病机制的研究。为推动糖尿病的研究,尤其是糖尿病药物的筛选奠定基础。
缩略语和关键术语定义:
ICI:胞质内注射,是指通过显微操作,利用显微注射针将基因注射到受精卵胞质内。
附图说明
图1图示了GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬与野生型靶位点区域的PCR产物测序结果比对。其中,190619、190627、190628、190761均为GCK点突变型糖尿病模型犬,WT为野生型犬。
图2图示了190627和190628的同窝野生型190625和190626与野生型WT(非同窝)靶位点区域的PCR产物测序结果比对。
图3是本发明制备的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的照片。其中,左侧为GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬190627,右侧为同窝野生型对照190626。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及说明书附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步描述。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不是用于限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例:
(1)GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬的制备
GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬的制备包括如下步骤:
1)根据犬GCK基因序列,针对外显子2的序列确定打靶位点序列;
2)根据步骤(1)确定的打靶位点序列合成sgRNA序列,然后将合成的序列与骨架载体连接构建sgRNA打靶载体;
3)将sgRNA打靶载体体外转录,从而获得sgRNA的RNA,以及将BE3体外转录为mRNA;
4)采用现有的比格犬皮肤成纤维细胞进行细胞转染及筛选,将筛选获得的细胞克隆提取基因组DNA,采用靶位点特异引物进行PCR,将PCR产物进行测序,根据测序的基因突变结果,计算该载体的打靶效率;
5)将步骤(3)获得的sgRNA的RNA和CBE3的mRNA混合后胞质内注射到犬受精卵中;以及
6)将犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬出血较少的一侧输卵管内。
根据测序获得的犬GCK基因序列信息,设计针对犬GCK基因外显子2的sgRNA的表达载体,共设计1个打靶位点,实现对打靶位置的点突变。在本实施例中的打靶位点序列为:5’-GGATGCAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’
(SEQ ID NO:1)。
在本实施例中步骤2)中合成的sgRNA序列及其互补序列(含退火后粘性末端序列)为:
F:CACCGggatgcagagggagatggcg(SEQ ID NO:8)和
R:AAACcgccatctccctctgcatccC(SEQ ID NO:9)。
构建载体时,先将合成好的靶点序列退火,与BbsI酶切的PX330进行连接;PCR扩增sgRNA的表达框扩增,并纯化回收,所用引物序列为SS72:AAGGATGCAA caattgcatgtgagggcctatttccca(SEQ ID NO:10)和SS73-2:ATGCAAGTGC caattggccatttgtctgcagaattgg(SEQ ID NO:11);再用MfeI-HF分别酶切扩增产物和pCBE3,纯化回收酶切产物,然后进行连接,测序验证,正确即构建成功。转化扩增并提取质粒。PCR扩增PCBE3质粒的打靶位点并回收PCR产物,利用体外转录试剂盒对PCR产物进行体外转录;根据所需的注射浓度稀释分装mRNA,置于-80℃保存;受精卵注射时分装好的Cas9与打靶位点的gRNA的mRNA按1:1体积混合即可用于受精卵胞质注射。
具体来说,首先对pBE3-EGFP的质粒进行线性化,反应体系为30μg质粒,5μL限制性内切酶BSAI,10μl的10×buffer及ddH2O,总体积为100μL。然后加入100μL酚:仿:异戊醇(25:24:1)纯化线性化质粒DNA,12,000g离心5分钟;吸取50μl上清至Rnase的1.5mL离心管中,加入1/10体积醋酸钠和3倍体积无水乙醇沉淀质粒DNA,12,000g离心5分钟,弃上清,尽量吸弃残留的上清,加150μL的70%乙醇洗涤质粒,12,000g离心5min;空气中干燥3-5分钟,用15μL无RNase的ddH2O溶解DNA,测定浓度。
体外转录mRNA试剂盒法(Ambion):体外转录体系为:1μg线性化质粒DNA,10μL的2×NTP/CAP,2μL的10×Buffer,2μL的RNA合成酶及ddH2O,总体积为20μL。混匀后37℃孵育1小时,加入1μL的TRUBO DNA酶,消化质粒模板,37℃孵育30min。然后将20μL体外转录产物,20μL的poly(A)聚合酶及无核酸酶ddH2O混合,配制总体积为100μL的体外转录mRNA加polyA体系,37℃孵育1小时。孵育后,向反应体系中加入350μL结合缓冲液,吹吸混匀;然后加入250μL无水乙醇,混合均匀;再将样品转移到mRNA纯化柱中,10,000g室温离心1分钟;弃掉滤液,空柱离心1分钟将蛋白质等杂质洗掉;然后将柱子放入一个新的离心管中,加入50μLRNA洗脱液到柱子中央位置,盖好盖子65℃孵育10分钟,10,000g室温离心1分钟;检测RNA的质量及浓度。将CRISPR的sgRNA与BE3的mRNA进行混合,使sgRNA的终浓度为20ng/μL、BE3的终浓度为200ng/μL,然后进行胞质注射。
将构建完成的gRNA与BE3质粒共转至犬皮肤成纤维细胞,然后采用G418进行筛选。筛选获得的细胞克隆提取DNA作为模板,采用引物GCK-CBE-S2-F:GGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGG(SEQ ID NO:5)和GCK-CBE-S2-R:GAGGAGGAGAGGACGGAGT(SEQ ID NO:6)进行PCR,扩增sgRNA识别切割靶点上下游共计660bp的DNA片段。将PCR扩增得到的目的片段进行DNA测序,判断载体的打靶效率。经过转染、筛选及PCR产物测序,结果显示打靶位点的点突变效率为60%,可用于GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬的制备。
共计10只自然发情的比格母犬,作为受精卵供体同时作为胚胎移植受体进行实验。所有母犬均采集血液检测血液中孕酮浓度,当孕酮浓度达到4-7ng/ml时可以确定为排卵期,排卵后48小时进行自然交配,然后采用手术法冲取受精胚胎,10只母犬累计获得受精卵53枚。收集受精卵后,采用含有0.1%透明质酸酶的TCM199培养基脱去卵丘颗粒细胞,然后放入HM微滴中,放到装有显微操作仪的倒置显微镜上。利用显微注射针吸取含有sgRNA和Cas9的混合液,然后注射入受精卵的胞质中。胞质注射完成后,将胚胎装入胚胎移植管中,选择冲胚出血较少一侧的输卵管,将胚胎移植管中的胚胎从伞部注射入输卵管内。
幼犬出生后,采集耳组织及尾组织用于鉴定。组织块在离心管内剪碎后,再加入蛋白酶K,于56℃水浴裂解1-3小时。然后用移液枪吸取Genomic Lysis Buffer 700μL,加入裂解体系,上下颠倒混合均匀,10,000g,离心1min。用移液器吸取上清液至纯化柱,10,000g离心,室温静置1min,离心1min。换取新的收集管,向离心柱内加入200μL的DNApre-washbuffer,10,000g离心,室温静置1min,离心1min,弃废液。向离心柱中加入400μL的g-DNA清洗缓冲液,10,000g离心,室温静置1min,弃废液。将纯化柱和收集管重新离心,10,000g,离心2min。将纯化柱更换至新的1.5ml离心管中,加入50μL的洗脱缓冲液洗脱DNA,室温放置2min。12,000rpm离心1min,得到的溶液为犬基因组DNA。
以犬基因组DNA作为模板进行PCR,引物为GCK-CBE-S2-F:GGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGG(SEQ ID NO:5)和GCK-CBE-S2-R:GAGGAGGAGAGGACGGAGT(SEQ ID NO:6),扩增sgRNA识别切割靶点上下游共计660bp的DNA片段。将PCR扩增得到的目的片段进行DNA测序,与测序获得的犬GCK基因序列进行比对,判断GCK基因的突变类型。
经过测序及序列信息比对,13只幼犬中有4只在靶位点处发生了点突变。
每天早上8点同时测定阳性(突变)犬和同窝野生型犬的血糖浓度:1、将血糖试纸插入血糖仪(三诺牌)2、用采血针刺幼犬耳缘静脉;3、渗出血滴;4、将试纸条反应区口对准血滴,虹吸吸入;5、保持静置至血糖仪发出“哗”声,显示血糖值。每天早上8点还同时测定阳性(突变)犬和同窝野生型犬的体重。
表1:胚胎移植汇表
上表1中,编号为190625和190626的犬为突变犬190627和190628的同窝野生型。
表2:GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬的特征基因序列与同窝野生型以及野生型的对比
犬编号 | 基因序列 | 基因类型 |
190619 | 5’-GGATG<u>T</u>AGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’ | 突变型序列 |
190627 | 5’-GGATG<u>T</u>AGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’ | 突变型序列 |
190628 | 5’-GGATG<u>T</u>AGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’ | 突变型序列 |
190761 | 5’-GGATG<u>T</u>AGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’ | 突变型序列 |
190625 | 5’-GGATG<u>C</u>AGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’ | 野生型序列 |
190626 | 5’-GGATG<u>C</u>AGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’ | 野生型序列 |
WT | 5’-GGATG<u>C</u>AGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’ | 野生型序列 |
参见图1,其中显示了4只点突变犬和1只野生型犬在点突变位点附近107个核苷酸序列的比对,其中W表示尾部的细胞,E表示耳部的细胞,WT表示野生型犬的细胞。可以看出,190619,190627,190628和190761相对于野生型WT都发生了点突变。WT是不同窝野生型犬。
(a)190619号犬:
犬编号为190619的体细胞为分类命名为GCK基因点突变的比格犬皮肤成纤维细胞:GCK-KO-190619,其保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号(邮政编码100101),保藏号为CGMCC No.18305,保藏日期为2019年7月23日。
具体而言:
犬GCK基因第2外显子靶位点部分野生型序列为:
5’-GGATGCAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)
编号为190619的犬点突变后的序列为:
5’-GGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:2)。
以GCK-CBE-S2-F和GCK-CBE-S2-R作为鉴定引物,用于PCR产物回收测序,从而确定具体突变的序列:
GCK-CBE-S2-F:GGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGG(SEQ ID NO:4);和GCK-CBE-S2-R:GAGGAGGAGAGGACGGAGT(SEQ ID NO:5)。
(b)参见下表2显示了编号为190619,190627,190628和190761的点突变糖尿病模型犬,以及野生型犬190625和190626的每日早上8点血糖和体重的测量结果:
从图1和图2可以看出,GCK基因点突变犬190619,190627,190628和190761在点突变位点附近显示相同的基因序列,与190627和190628同窝的野生型犬190625和190626与不同窝作为对照的野生型WT在与点突变位点附近对应的序列显示相同的基因序列。
从上述结果可以看出,本发明制备的GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬190619,190627,190628和190761与同窝野生型相比均表现出糖尿病表型,而且这四只GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬的基因型一样。可以看出,本发明成功构建了GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 北京希诺谷生物科技有限公司
<120> 糖尿病疾病模型犬的建立方法
<130> RYP1910386.0
<160> 11
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Canis lupus
<400> 1
ggatgcagag ggagatggcg 20
<210> 2
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Canis lupus
<400> 2
ggatgtagag ggagatggcg 20
<210> 3
<211> 163
<212> DNA
<213> Canis lupus
<400> 3
gcagagcaga tcctggcgga cttccagatg caggaggcgg acttgaagaa ggtgatgcgg 60
cggatgtaga gggagatggc gcggggcctg cggctggaga cccacgagga ggccagcgtg 120
aagatgctgc ccacctacgt gcgctccacc ccagaaggct cag 163
<210> 4
<211> 880
<212> DNA
<213> Canis lupus
<400> 4
gagctacaaa gggggagctg ccacctgcac cccccagcat gcctcggcca ctgcatttgg 60
gggctgctct tggaactctg ctgctctaac ttttcaactg gtcctaactg gtcatttgag 120
atgaggggtc atcttgggcc caggccagag ggcaaaggac actcccggtg tgtgcaggga 180
gggcctgact tggctgccac aggcccccag cccacccagc ttccccccac cccgtgcagg 240
cagagcagat cctggcggac ttccagatgc aggaggcgga cttgaagaag gtgatgcggc 300
ggatgtagag ggagatggcg cggggcctgc ggctggagac ccacgaggag gccagcgtga 360
agatgctgcc cacctacgtg cgctccaccc cagaaggctc aggtaccgcg tccctgggcc 420
ccagcaggga aggccagcct aggtccttgc agccatgggc tggttctcac ccgagctccg 480
tgccagcccc gccctggcat cttcaccgcc ttggggaaac tggctttgtg catcttgcaa 540
taggaaattt gttctcaggc tcagcccaat cctgaccctg cgctgtttca ctaggtcttt 600
ccttggaacc tgggcttgca gtggcttcag tccaaggcag cggctgccca ctgagctccc 660
cagttcacct ttgacctctt ccacagttga ctctggggtc ccctggtacc tggggtcagc 720
agccccctgt ccagctcctc tgatcccccc actccgtcct ctcctcctct tcctgatctt 780
ggggtcctgc tgggcagcac cccgaggcta atgcacttct cactgtgtct gcagaagtcg 840
gggacttcct ctccctggac ctgggcggca ccaacttcag 880
<210> 5
<211> 19
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Artificial Sequence
<400> 5
ggtcatttga gatgagggg 19
<210> 6
<211> 19
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Artificial Sequence
<400> 6
gaggaggaga ggacggagt 19
<210> 7
<211> 163
<212> DNA
<213> Canis lupus
<400> 7
gcagagcaga tcctggcgga cttccagatg caggaggcgg acttgaagaa ggtgatgcgg 60
cggatgcaga gggagatggc gcggggcctg cggctggaga cccacgagga ggccagcgtg 120
aagatgctgc ccacctacgt gcgctccacc ccagaaggct cag 163
<210> 8
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Artificial Sequence
<400> 8
caccgggatg cagagggaga tggcg 25
<210> 9
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Artificial Sequence
<400> 9
aaaccgccat ctccctctgc atccc 25
<210> 10
<211> 37
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Artificial Sequence
<400> 10
aaggatgcaa caattgcatg tgagggccta tttccca 37
<210> 11
<211> 37
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> Artificial Sequence
<400> 11
atgcaagtgc caattggcca tttgtctgca gaattgg 37
Claims (21)
1.用于建立糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)利用基因编辑技术获得GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬受精卵;以及(2)将GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬的一侧输卵管内从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,所述步骤(1)中的基因编辑技术包括:BE3,CRISPR/Cas9,TALEN和ZFN。
3.用于建立GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)根据犬的GCK基因序列,针对外显子2序列确定打靶位点;(2)根据步骤(1)确定的打靶位点合成sgRNA序列,然后将合成的序列与骨架载体连接构建sgRNA打靶载体;(3)将sgRNA打靶载体体外转录获得sgRNA的RNA,将BE3体外转录为mRNA;(4)将步骤(3)获得的sgRNA的RNA以及BE3的mRNA混合后胞质内注射到犬的受精卵中;以及(5)将犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬一侧输卵管内,从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病模型犬。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,针对GCK基因外显子2的序列确定打靶位点,对外显子2中的序列进行插入、删除、置换和/或添加修饰,优选地,所述修饰为点突变修饰。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,根据GCK基因序列设计1个打靶位点,所述打靶位点序列为:5’-GGATGCAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)。
6.根据权利要求4的方法,根据所述打靶位点序列合成的sgRNA序列及其互补序列为:
F:CACCGggatgcagagggagatggcg(SEQ ID NO:8);和
R:AAACcgccatctccctctgcatccC(SEQ ID NO:9)。
7.根据权利要求3的方法,所述步骤(5)中将犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬出血较少的一侧输卵管内。
8.用于建立GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:(1)根据犬的GCK基因序列,针对外显子2序列确定打靶位点;(2)根据步骤(1)确定的打靶位点合成sgRNA序列,然后将合成的序列与骨架载体连接构建sgRNA打靶载体;(3)将sgRNA打靶载体体外转录获得sgRNA的RNA,将BE3体外转录为mRNA;(4)将步骤(3)获得的sgRNA的RNA和BE3的mRNA混合后胞质内注射到犬体细胞中,然后将犬体细胞核移植到犬去核卵母细胞中;以及在步骤(5)中将犬去核卵母细胞移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬的一侧输卵管内,从而制备GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬。
9.犬GCK基因点突变打靶载体,所述犬GCK基因点突变打靶载体由sgRNA序列以及骨架载体构成,所述sgRNA序列是针对犬GCK基因外显子中打靶位点的序列设计的,优选地,所述外显子为犬GCK基因外显子2。
10.根据权利要求9的犬GCK基因点突变打靶载体,所述sgRNA序列及其互补序列为:
F:CACCGggatgcagagggagatggcg(SEQ ID NO:8)和
R:AAACcgccatctccctctgcatccC(SEQ ID NO:9)。
11.由权利要求1-8任一项的方法获得的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的体细胞、组织和器官。
12.根据权利要求11的体细胞、组织和器官,其特征在于包含SEQ ID NO:2所示的如下序列:
5’-GGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:2)。
13.根据权利要求11的体细胞、组织和器官,其特征在于包含SEQ ID NO:3所示的如下序列:
GCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAG(SEQ ID NO:3)。
14.根据权利要求11的体细胞、组织和器官,其特征在于包含SEQ ID NO:4所示的如下序列:
GAGCTACAAAGGGGGAGCTGCCACCTGCACCCCCCAGCATGCCTCGGCCACTGCATTTGGGGGCTGCTCTTGGAACTCTGCTGCTCTAACTTTTCAACTGGTCCTAACTGGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGGTCATCTTGGGCCCAGGCCAGAGGGCAAAGGACACTCCCGGTGTGTGCAGGGAGGGCCTGACTTGGCTGCCACAGGCCCCCAGCCCACCCAGCTTCCCCCCACCCCGTGCAGGCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAGGTACCGCGTCCCTGGGCCCCAGCAGGGAAGGCCAGCCTAGGTCCTTGCAGCCATGGGCTGGTTCTCACCCGAGCTCCGTGCCAGCCCCGCCCTGGCATCTTCACCGCCTTGGGGAAACTGGCTTTGTGCATCTTGCAATAGGAAATTTGTTCTCAGGCTCAGCCCAATCCTGACCCTGCGCTGTTTCACTAGGTCTTTCCTTGGAACCTGGGCTTGCAGTGGCTTCAGTCCAAGGCAGCGGCTGCCCACTGAGCTCCCCAGTTCACCTTTGACCTCTTCCACAGTTGACTCTGGGGTCCCCTGGTACCTGGGGTCAGCAGCCCCCTGTCCAGCTCCTCTGATCCCCCCACTCCGTCCTCTCCTCCTCTTCCTGATCTTGGGGTCCTGCTGGGCAGCACCCCGAGGCTAATGCACTTCTCACTGTGTCTGCAGAAGTCGGGGACTTCCTCTCCCTGGACCTGGGCGGCACCAACTTCAG(SEQ ID NO:4)。
15.根据权利要求11-14任一项的体细胞,其特征在于为分类命名为GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬比格犬皮肤成纤维细胞:GCK-KO-190619,其保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号(邮政编码100101),保藏号为CGMCC No.18305,保藏日期为2019年8月19日。
16.用于检测包含SEQ ID NO:2(5’-GGATGTAGA GGGAGATGGCG-3’)所示序列片段的基因组序列的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的引物对,所述引物对针对如下所示的序列进行设计:
GAGCTACAAAGGGGGAGCTGCCACCTGCACCCCCCAGCATGCCTCGGCCACTGCATTTGGGGGCTGCTCTTGGAACTCTGCTGCTCTAACTTTTCAACTGGTCCTAACTGGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGGTCATCTTGGGCCCAGGCCAGAGGGCAAAGGACACTCCCGGTGTGTGCAGGGAGGGCCTGACTTGGCTGCCACAGGCCCCCAGCCCACCCAGCTTCCCCCCACCCCGTGCAGGCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAGGTACCGCGTCCCTGGGCCCCAGCAGGGAAGGCCAGCCTAGGTCCTTGCAGCCATGGGCTGGTTCTCACCCGAGCTCCGTGCCAGCCCCGCCCTGGCATCTTCACCGCCTTGGGGAAACTGGCTTTGTGCATCTTGCAATAGGAAATTTGTTCTCAGGCTCAGCCCAATCCTGACCCTGCGCTGTTTCACTAGGTCTTTCCTTGGAACCTGGGCTTGCAGTGGCTTCAGTCCAAGGCAGCGGCTGCCCACTGAGCTCCCCAGTTCACCTTTGACCTCTTCCACAGTTGACTCTGGGGTCCCCTGGTACCTGGGGTCAGCAGCCCCCTGTCCAGCTCCTCTGATCCCCCCACTCCGTCCTCTCCTCCTCTTCCTGATCTTGGGGTCCTGCTGGGCAGCACCCCGAGGCTAATGCACTTCTCACTGTGTCTGCAGAAGTCGGGGACTTCCTCTCCCTGGACCTGGGCGGCACCAACTTCAG(SEQ ID NO:4)。
17.用于检测包含SEQ ID NO:2(5’-GGATGTAGA GGGAGATGGCG-3’)所示序列片段的基因组序列的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的引物对,所述引物对针对如下所示的序列进行设计:
GCAGAGCAGATCCTGGCGGACTTCCAGATGCAGGAGGCGGACTTGAAGAAGGTGATGCGGCGGATGTAGAGGGAGATGGCGCGGGGCCTGCGGCTGGAGACCCACGAGGAGGCCAGCGTGAAGATGCTGCCCACCTACGTGCGCTCCACCCCAGAAGGCTCAG(SEQ ID NO:3)。
18.根据权利要求16或17的引物对,所述引物对的序列如下:
GCK-CBE-S2-F:5’GGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGG 3’(SEQ ID NO:5);和GCK-CBE-S2-R:5’GAGGAGGAGAGGACGGAGT 3’(SEQ ID NO:6)。
19.用于检测包含SEQ ID NO:2(GGATG TAGAGGGAGATGGCG)所示序列的基因组序列的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含针对SEQ ID NO:4或SEQ IDNO:3所示序列设计的引物对。
20.根据权利要求19的试剂盒,所述引物对的序列如下:
GCK-CBE-S2-F:5’GGTCATTTGAGATGAGGGG 3’(SEQ ID NO:5);和GCK-CBE-S2-R:5’GAGGAGGAGAGGACGGAGT 3’(SEQ ID NO:6)。
21.由权利要求1-8任一项的方法获得的GCK基因点突变糖尿病疾病模型犬。
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Denomination of invention: Establishment of diabetes disease model in dogs Effective date of registration: 20230717 Granted publication date: 20210910 Pledgee: Beijing Chenguang prosperity financing Company limited by guarantee Pledgor: BEIJING SINOGENE BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980048528 |