CN110560543A - Spinning forming method of sealing ring with omega-shaped section - Google Patents
Spinning forming method of sealing ring with omega-shaped section Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
A spinning forming method of an omega-section sealing ring divides an omega-section bus into a necking straight edge section and an everting section at two ends of the necking straight edge section, and divides the omega-section bus into a first forming edge and a second forming edge. And sequentially forming a first forming edge and a second forming edge by spinning. The invention utilizes the point-by-point forming mode of spinning to improve the deformability and the forming efficiency of the high-temperature alloy on the numerical control machine tool and effectively controls the forming quality through reasonable process selection. The invention is mainly used for accurately forming the high-temperature alloy thin-wall omega-shaped cross section metal sealing ring for the aero-engine, solves the forming and manufacturing problems of the omega-shaped cross section sealing ring, avoids the human error of an operator, improves the forming precision and the surface quality of the sealing ring, and reduces the processing cost of the die.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of plastic processing, in particular to a method for forming an omega-section sealing ring by using a spinning process.
background
the high-temperature alloy sealing ring with the complex section is a sealing structure which is most widely applied in the industry at present, and is widely applied in the industrial fields of aviation, aerospace, petroleum, nuclear power and the like. The sealing ring with the complex section of the high-temperature alloy comprises an O-shaped, a C-shaped, a U-shaped and other complex section shapes, and the like, wherein the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section has the advantages of good resilience, strong vibration absorption capability, large deformation range, good high vibration following performance, high vibration absorption capability, long service life, good wear resistance and the like, and is particularly suitable for working in severe environments such as high temperature, medium pressure, vibration, strong corrosive media and the like in aviation and aerospace equipment. However, limited by the current forming technology level, aerospace engines still largely adopt V-shaped and U-shaped rings as key sealing elements, and in order to improve the ring performance and the engine reliability, an effective omega-section sealing ring forming method needs to be developed urgently.
at present, two processes are mainly adopted for a forming section of a high-temperature alloy sealing ring with a complex section: hydraulic bulging and roll forming. A great deal of research is carried out in the field of hydraulic bulging of special-shaped section rings by Wanmin of Beijing aerospace university and Zhuyu of China aviation research institute, a single-step movable die internal/external pressure forming method based on hydraulic bulging is provided for M-shaped and W-shaped section rings, deformation characteristics and failure forms of a forming process are analyzed based on numerical simulation, a formed blank and process parameters are optimized, and one-time integral accurate forming of M-shaped and W-shaped complex micro sections is realized (Zhuyu, Wanmin, hydraulic forming research of a complex special-shaped section thin-wall ring piece, aviation bulletin 2012,33(5): 912-919). In the aspect of rolling forming of the complex section ring, nanchang aerospace university studies the distribution situation of stress and strain in the multi-pass rolling process of the thin-wall W-shaped ring by using a finite element method, and studies the influence of key process parameters on the uneven deformation behavior of the W-shaped ring in the rolling process (guokayun, research on the uneven deformation behavior of the multi-pass rolling of the high-temperature alloy complex section ring, nanchang aerospace university 2015). However, the section structure of the thin-wall metal sealing ring with the omega-shaped cross section is complex, the metal sealing ring has a closing-in part and an outward-turning and rolling-up part, and the traditional hydraulic bulging and rolling forming are difficult to form completely. In consideration of the remarkable advantages of the spinning process in the forming aspect of the complex section revolving body part, the invention provides a method for forming the thin-wall omega-shaped cross section metal sealing ring by adopting the spinning process.
The metal spinning process is a technology of machining metal blank sleeved on core mold and rotating with the core mold into some shape point by means of metal plasticity under the action of spinning wheel. Compared with roll forming and hydraulic bulging, the method has the characteristics of good material deformation condition, small total deformation force, low power consumption, wide formed part range and the like. Can process almost all revolving parts with large diameter, small diameter, variable cross section, spherical shape, curved generatrix shape, etc. The model peace chapter points out in the special metal seal research of space shuttle: metal seals of a diameter of more than 38 are suitable for use in spin forming processes (Van Ping Chao, aerospace Metal static seal technology and manufacturing technology, aerospace manufacturing technology, 1999(2): 11-16). The Mongolian plum is used for carrying out relevant research on spinning forming of a stainless steel U-shaped sealing ring, a spinning forming process of a target sealing ring is researched by utilizing a method combining finite element simulation and theoretical analysis, stress-strain distribution characteristics and a metal flow rule in the spinning forming process are obtained, and the fact that the spinning forming of the sealing ring by adopting the spinning method is feasible is pointed out (numerical simulation and process analysis of Mengnian plum and curved bus-shaped part composite spinning forming, Yanshan university, 2005).
it can be seen that the method for forming the sealing ring with the complex cross section by adopting the spinning process is an effective method, however, due to the special structural characteristics of the sealing ring with the omega cross section, such as complex cross section, thin wall, extreme combination of size and dimension, the problem that how to realize accurate spinning forming is a critical solution is urgently needed. And the high-temperature alloy blank is very easy to wrinkle, crack and other defects in the forming process, and the current report on the spinning forming process of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section is rare.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defect that wrinkling and cracking are easy to occur in the forming process of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section in the prior art, the invention provides a spinning forming method of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section.
the specific process of the invention is as follows:
step 1, determining each forming edge of a sealing ring body:
and taking the semicircular section of the sealing ring body and straight line sections positioned on two sides of the semicircular ring body as a necking straight edge section of the sealing ring body, wherein the straight line sections are inclined towards the inner side of the semicircular ring body, a necking-in of the section of the sealing ring body is formed at the tail end of each straight line section, and the width of the necking-in is b. The two ends of the straight edge section of the necking of the sealing ring extend outwards to form arc sections which are outward turning sections.
The sealing ring is divided into a first forming edge and a second forming edge, the first forming edge is a half-necking straight edge section and an outward turning section which are positioned on one side of the splitting surface, and the second forming edge is a half-necking straight edge section and an outward turning section which are positioned on the other side of the splitting surface.
The first forming edge and the second forming edge are in the closing width of the sealing ringAnd a connecting line between the C point and the top end of the semicircular arc of the straight edge section of the necking of the sealing ring is used as a splitting surface, and the axial section of the sealing ring body is obtained by splitting two symmetrical halves.
Step 2, establishing a coordinate system:
And establishing an xoy coordinate system of the sealing ring.
In the xoy coordinate system of the sealing ring, the origin O of the coordinate system is superposed with the C point at the semi-circular arc top end of the necking straight section of the sealing ring, and the C point is used for reaching the necking widthThe direction of the point C is the x-axis direction of the coordinate system, and the tangential direction of the point C is the y-axis direction.
step 3, determining a spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge:
the spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge comprises a necking straight edge section outward spinning forming spinning wheel loading track and an outward turning section inward spinning forming spinning wheel loading track.
The specific process for determining the loading track of the first forming edge wheel comprises the following steps:
Firstly, determining a spinning wheel loading track formed by outward spinning of a necking straight edge section.
I, dividing a processing section:
Equally dividing a half-reduced straight edge section of the first forming edge into a plurality of processing sections from a coordinate origin O; starting points of all the processing sections are one end close to an origin O of a coordinate system; the length of each processing section is m. One for each pass.
II, determining the loading track of the rotary wheel of each processing section:
the necking straight edge section adopts an outward rotation forming mode of film pasting step by step, and the loading track of each processing step rotary wheel is formed by connecting the track of the film pasting section with the involute track of the processing section without film pasting.
when the involute track of each processing section is determined, taking the end point of each processing section of the half-necking straight-side section as a starting point to make an involute of each processing pass, taking the end point of each processing section as a rotation center, rotating the involute of each processing pass by an angle alpha, and obtaining the involute track of each processing section through a formula (1):
Wherein X and Y are respectively the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the involute trace, Xi，Yirespectively representing the x coordinate and the y coordinate of the end point of each processing section; i represents the ith processing stage, i is 1, 2,3 … … z; alpha is the involute rotation angle of each processing section; a is the base circle radius of an involute at an outward rotation stage, a is more than or equal to 3.3d, and d is the diameter of a ring blank; thetaiIs a starting angle of an involute spread angle of an outward rotation stage'ithe final angle of the involute spread angle in the outward rotation stage, and theta is the involute spread angle.
Wherein, the final angle theta of the involute span angle of the outward rotation stage'iobtained from equation (2).
namely:
in the formula IiThe length of the involute trace curve of each processing section.
In the formula, the length l of the involute track curve of each processing sectioniObtained from equation (3). Namely:
li＝si-m×i×(k+1)i (3)
And (3) each time a processing pass is passed, the ring blank of the sealing ring can be elongated by 5-15% along the processing direction, and the increased 5-15% is the pass elongation k.
Considering the elongation k of the blank pass and the curve length s of the loading track of the rotary wheel of the ith processing passiS is determined by equation (4)i：
si＝s(i-1)×(k+1) (4)
In the formula (4), s(i-1)the curve length of the loading track of the rotary wheel for the previous processing pass is s when i is equal to 10(ii) a S is0Is the first forming edge initial length.
And obtaining a specific equation of the involute track of each processing section by the formula, and connecting the obtained involute track of each processing section with the track of the film-attached section to obtain the loading track of the rotary wheel of each processing section.
And secondly, determining the loading track of the inside-out section internal rotation forming spinning wheel.
the loading track of the inside-turning forming spinning wheel of the everting section comprises a pre-forming step spinning wheel loading track and a final forming spinning wheel loading track.
The specific process for determining the loading track of the inside-turning forming spinning wheel of the eversion section comprises the following steps:
I, dividing a processing section:
the everting section is equally divided into a plurality of processing sections, each of which has a length n. The starting point of each processing section is close to the mouth end of the necking straight edge section, and the processing section farthest from the tail end of the necking straight edge section is taken as a first processing section.
II, determining the pre-formed rotary wheel loading track of each processing section:
The everting segment is equally divided into j processing segments, j being 1, 2,3 … … w. The preforming of each processing section is completed by j passes. And an involute is adopted for the pre-forming of each pass of rotating wheel loading track.
When the involute tracks of all the passes are pre-formed, the starting points of all the processing sections of the outward-turning sections are respectively used as the starting points of the involute of all the passes to make the involute of all the passes, the starting points of all the processing sections are used as the rotation centers, and the involute rotation angles a' of all the passes are used for obtaining the involute tracks of all the passes pre-formed by the outward-turning sections through a formula (5).
Wherein X and Y are horizontal and vertical coordinates X 'of an involute curve'j，Y′jX coordinates and y coordinates of the starting point of each processing section respectively; j represents the j-th processing stage, j is 1, 2,3 … … w; a' is the rotation angle of the involute of each pass; and a 'is the base circle radius of the involute in the internal rotation stage, and a' is a/10. Gamma rayjis the starting angle of the involute spread angle, gamma'jis the final angle of the involute spread angle, and gamma is the involute spread angle.
Final angle γ 'of involute spread angle of each processing pass when determining involute trace of each pre-forming pass'jthe value of (c) is obtained from equation (6).
in the formula, gammajAnd (b) taking a 'as a/10, wherein a' is the base radius of the involute in the internal rotation stage as the initial angle of the involute spread angle of each processing pass.
Wherein f isjthe length of the involute track curve of each pass in the pre-forming is adopted. Taking the elongation rate k of each pass of the blank into consideration, and preforming the curve length f of the involute track of each passjis determined by the following formula
fj＝(n+fj-1)×(k+1) (9)
In the formula, n is the length of each processing section. j is the jth pass in the preforming. f. ofj-1is frontA processing pass involute trace curve length.
III, determining the loading track of the final forming spinning wheel:
And taking the final section bus of the outward turning section of the sealing ring body as a spinning wheel loading track of the outward turning section to finish the final forming of the outward turning section. And (3) overlapping the starting point of the rotary wheel loading track of the final forming pass with the starting point of the previous processing section, wherein the curve length of the rotary wheel loading track of the final forming pass is the final length of the outward turning section of the formed piece.
Dispersing the obtained loading track curve of each processing pass rotating wheel formed by outward rotation of the necking straight edge section and the loading track curve of each processing pass rotating wheel formed by inward rotation of the outward turning section into 40-50 point coordinates, and manufacturing the loading track curve of each processing pass rotating wheel into a CNC program by using a rational B spline curve interpolation method. In order to ensure that the curve obtained by the rational B spline curve interpolation method is identical with the original track, the maximum distance between adjacent discrete points is not more than 0.3 mm.
Step 4, determining a second forming edge spinning wheel loading track:
The first forming edge and the second forming edge of the sealing ring are symmetrical, so that the spinning loading tracks determined by the first forming edge and the second forming edge are the same.
Step 5, spin forming a first forming edge:
and (3) fixing the sealing ring blank on a core mold, wherein the first forming edge of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section to be formed extends out of the core mold, and spinning and forming the first forming edge according to the spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge determined in the step 3. The specific process is as follows:
I, outward-rotation forming of a necking straight edge section:
when outward rotation forming is carried out, the rotating wheel acts on the outer surface of the ring blank, and multi-pass gradual closing of the ring blank is realized under the action of compressive stress. The contact point of the surface of the spinning wheel and the ring blank is the processing point of the spinning wheel, the rotating speed of the main shaft during spinning is 5 rad/s-20 rad/s, and the feed rate is 0.1 mm/r-0.9 mm/r.
Processing a first processing section:
and moving the rotary wheel to enable the rotary wheel machining point to coincide with the original coordinate point of the sealing ring, calling an outward rotation CNC (computerized numerical control) program, operating the numerical control machine, enabling the rotary wheel to move according to the first rotary wheel loading track of the determined necking straight edge section by taking the original coordinate point as a starting point, moving to the track end point and then returning to the original coordinate point, and finishing the forming of the first machining section.
processing a second processing section:
and moving the rotary wheel to continuously enable the rotary wheel machining point to coincide with the coordinate origin of the sealing ring, moving according to the determined loading track of the rotary wheel of the second pass of the necking straight edge section, returning to the coordinate origin after moving to the track end point, and finishing the forming of the second machining section.
Processing the remaining processing sections:
and repeating the processes of processing the first processing section and the second processing section to finish the forming of each processing section in sequence. And after the forming is finished, the rotary wheel is moved to leave the ring blank so as to conveniently take out the ring blank. And finishing the outward rotation forming of the first forming edge necking straight edge section.
And II, forming an outward turning section by inward turning.
and in the inward-rotation forming stage, the rotating wheel acts on the inner surface of the ring blank, and outward-turning forming of the ring blank is completed under the action of the rotating wheel. The main shaft rotating speed and the feeding rate are kept consistent with those of the outward spinning forming during the spinning.
i, performing preforming by each processing stage, specifically:
Moving the spinning wheel to move the spinning wheel machining point to everting stage first machining stage starting point coordinate X'1，Y′1Calling an internal rotation CNC numerical control program, operating the numerical control machine, and rotating the wheel to obtain a first machining section starting point coordinate X'1，Y′1moving according to a first-pass rotating wheel loading track of the outward-turning section as a starting point, and finishing the first-pass pre-forming after moving to a track end point; continued movement of the rotary wheel to a second stage start coordinate X'2，Y′2And moving according to the loading track of the second-pass rotating wheel of the outward-turning section by taking the point as a starting point, and finishing the second-pass pre-forming after moving to the end point of the track.
and repeating the forming processes of the first processing section of the outward-turning section and the second processing section of the outward-turning section to sequentially complete the pre-forming of each residual processing section of the outward-turning section.
ii final forming, in particular:
The rotary wheel machining point is moved to the set start point coordinate of the last machining section, in the embodiment, the last machining section is the w-th machining section, and the start point coordinate of the w-th machining section is X'W,Y’wand loading by taking the point as a starting point and taking the generatrix of the final section of the outward-turning section as a loading track of the final forming spinning wheel of the outward-turning section.
And finishing the inward-rotation forming of the outward-turning section of the first forming edge.
Step 6, spin forming a second forming edge:
And (3) turning the sealing ring body by 180 degrees, fixing the first forming edge of the formed sealing ring body on the core mold, and extending the second forming edge of the sealing ring body to be formed outside to finish the installation. The main shaft rotating speed and the feeding rate are kept consistent with those in the step 5 during spinning.
And (5) moving the machining point of the rotary wheel to the origin of coordinates, and repeating the process of spinning and forming the first forming edge in the step 5 to finish spinning and forming the second forming edge.
At this point, the spin forming of the seal ring having the Ω -shaped cross section is completed.
The spinning forming method provided by the invention can be realized on a numerical control machine tool. According to the structural characteristics of the sealing ring, the omega-section bus is divided into a necking straight edge section and an outward turning section at two ends of the necking straight edge section. Because the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section is of a symmetrical structure, the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section can be divided into a first forming edge and a second forming edge along a splitting plane. The splitting surface is a plane which passes through the position of the closing width b/2 of the tail end of the necking straight edge section and is vertical to the axis of the sealing ring. The spinning is carried out in two steps, first a first forming edge is formed by spinning, and then a second forming edge is formed by spinning. Wherein, the straight edge section of the necking adopts outward rotation forming, and the outward turning section adopts inward rotation forming. When the ring blank is rotated outwards, the rotating wheel acts on the outer surface of the ring blank, and when the ring blank is rotated inwards, the rotating wheel acts on the inner surface of the ring blank.
The invention utilizes the point-by-point forming mode of spinning to improve the high-temperature alloy deformability and the forming efficiency, effectively controls the forming quality through reasonable process selection, and realizes the forming of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section. The method is mainly used for accurately forming the high-temperature alloy thin-wall omega-section metal sealing ring for the aero-engine, and solves the forming and manufacturing problems of the omega-section sealing ring.
Compared with the existing forming process of the thin-wall special-shaped section sealing ring, the forming process has the following advantages:
1. because the omega-section sealing ring has the closing-up characteristic, the traditional forming process cannot form the sealing ring, the forming problem of the thin-wall omega-section sealing ring with the closing-up and turning-up structural characteristics is solved by adopting a spinning forming method, and the spinning forming of the omega-section sealing ring is successfully realized;
2. The spinning forming method of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section can be realized on a numerical control machine tool, the operation is simple, the numerical control machine tool can automatically and continuously process after being programmed before processing, and the labor intensity of an operator is greatly reduced; in addition, the automatic processing mode avoids the human error of an operator, the forming precision is improved, and the tolerance of a formed piece can reach IT 8;
3. The spinning forming process is a point-by-point progressive forming technology, improves the material deformation capacity, effectively avoids the forming defects of cracking, wrinkling and the like, improves the surface quality of the sealing ring, and has the surface roughness less than Ra3.2;
4. The method for spinning and forming the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section does not need a special die with a complex forming groove, and reduces the processing cost of the die.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an omega-section seal ring, wherein fig. 1a is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the omega-section seal ring, fig. 1b is a sectional view of the omega-section seal ring, and fig. 1c is a sectional schematic diagram of the omega-section seal ring;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a loading trajectory of a multi-pass spinning roller, wherein fig. 2a is a loading trajectory of the spinning roller in an outward spinning stage, and fig. 2b is a loading trajectory of the spinning roller in an inward spinning stage;
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the first forming edge spin forming of the sealing ring with the section of Ω, wherein FIG. 3a is a schematic drawing of the outward spin forming of the straight edge section of the throat, and FIG. 3b is a schematic drawing of the inward spin forming of the inside-out section;
Fig. 4 is a schematic drawing of the second forming edge spin forming of the sealing ring with the Ω -section, wherein fig. 4a is a schematic drawing of outward spin forming of a necking straight edge section, and fig. 4b is a schematic drawing of inward spin forming of an everting section.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a ring body; 2. a first forming edge; 3. a second forming edge.
Detailed Description
the embodiment is a method for realizing spin forming of a sealing ring by a 16002 double-spindle numerical control machine.
The outer diameter of the sealing ring is 60mm, the wall thickness is 0.3mm, and the sealing ring is made of high-temperature alloy GH 4169. The ring bodies 1 on both sides of the axial section of the sealing ring are mirror-symmetrical. After the sealing ring is axially symmetrically split, the section of the ring body of the sealing ring is approximately in an omega shape.
The specific process of this embodiment is:
step 1, determining each forming edge of a sealing ring body:
And taking the semicircular section of the sealing ring body and straight line sections positioned on two sides of the semicircular ring body as a necking straight edge section of the sealing ring body, wherein the straight line sections are inclined towards the inner side of the semicircular ring body, a necking-in of the section of the sealing ring body is formed at the tail end of each straight line section, and the width of the necking-in is b. The two ends of the straight edge section of the necking of the sealing ring extend outwards to form arc sections which are outward turning sections.
Dividing the sealing ring into a first forming edge 2 and a second forming edge 3. Specifically, the closing width of the sealing ring is usedand a connecting line between the C point and the top end of the semicircular arc of the straight edge section of the necking of the sealing ring is used as a splitting surface, and the axial section of the sealing ring body is split into two symmetrical halves which are a first forming edge 2 and a second forming edge 3 respectively.
The first forming edge is a half-necking straight edge section and an outward turning section which are positioned on one side of the splitting surface, and the second forming edge is a half-necking straight edge section and an outward turning section which are positioned on the other side of the splitting surface.
in this embodiment, the radius of the arc of the straight section of the throat is 2.0mm, and the length is 14 mm. The radius of each eversion segment arc is 1.0mm, and the arc length is 3.0 mm. The total length of the generatrix of the section of the ring body of the sealing ring is 20 mm.
step 2, establishing a coordinate system:
And establishing an xoy coordinate system of the sealing ring, enabling an original point O of the coordinate system to coincide with a point C at the top end of the semicircular arc of the necking straight section of the sealing ring, and taking the direction from the point C to the position of the necking width b/2 as the x-axis direction of the coordinate system and the tangential direction of the point C as the y-axis direction.
Step 3, determining a spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge:
The spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge comprises a necking straight edge section outward spinning forming spinning wheel loading track and an outward turning section inward spinning forming spinning wheel loading track. The specific process for determining the loading track of the first forming edge wheel comprises the following steps:
Firstly, determining a loading track of a rotary wheel formed by outward rotation of a necking straight edge section.
I, dividing a processing section:
dividing a half of the necking straight edge section of the first forming edge into a plurality of processing sections from a coordinate origin O, wherein the starting point of each processing section is one end close to the coordinate system origin O; the length of each processing section is m. One for each pass. In this embodiment, the number of processing stages is six, so the number of processing passes is 6.
II, determining the loading track of the rotary wheel of each processing section:
The necking straight edge section adopts an outward rotation forming mode of film pasting step by step, the loading track of each processing step rotary wheel consists of the track of a film pasting section and the track of an involute of a processing section without a film pasting, and the involute track of each processing section is determined as follows:
Taking the end point of each processing section of the half-necking straight-edge section as a starting point to make an involute of each processing section, taking the end point of each processing section as a rotation center, rotating the involute of each processing pass by an angle alpha, and respectively obtaining an involute track of each processing section through a formula (1):
Wherein X and Y are respectively the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the involute trace, Xi，Yirespectively representing the x coordinate and the y coordinate of the end point of each processing section; i represents the ith processing stage, i is 1, 2,3 … … z; alpha is the involute rotation angle of each processing section; a is the base circle radius of an involute at an outward rotation stage, a is more than or equal to 3.3d, and d is the diameter of a ring blank; thetaiIs a starting angle of an involute spread angle of an outward rotation stage'ithe final angle of the involute spread angle in the outward rotation stage, and theta is the involute spread angle.
In this example, d is 60mm, a is 200mm, and θi0. The involute tracks of all the processing sections are the same in rotation angle alpha and range from 10 degrees to 25 degrees, and the involute tracks of the last processing section are tangent to the tail end of the straight section of the reducing port.
Wherein, the final angle theta of the involute span angle of the outward rotation stage'iObtained from equation (2).
namely:
in the formula, the length l of the involute track curve of each processing sectioniObtained from equation (3). L isiEqual to the curve length s of the loading track of the rotary wheel of each processing sectioniMinus the arc length of the filmed portion of the first forming edge.
Namely:
li＝si-m×i×(k+1)i (3)
And (3) each time a processing pass is passed, the ring blank of the sealing ring can be elongated by 5-15% along the processing direction, and the increased 5-15% is the pass elongation k. In this example, the pass elongation k was 0.1.
Considering the elongation k of the blank pass and the curve length s of the loading track of the rotary wheel of the ith processing passidetermining s by equation (4)i：
si＝s(i-1)×(k+1) (4)
In the formula (4), s(i-1)The curve length of the loading track of the rotary wheel for the previous processing pass is s when i is equal to 10(ii) a S is0is the first forming edge initial length.
the specific track of the involute of each processing section is obtained by the formula, and the track of the film-pasted section is connected with the obtained involute track of each processing section without the film, so that the rotary wheel loading track of each processing section formed by outward rotation of the necking straight section can be obtained.
And secondly, determining the loading track of the inside-out section internal rotation forming spinning wheel.
The loading track of the inside-turning forming spinning wheel of the everting section comprises a pre-forming step spinning wheel loading track and a final forming spinning wheel loading track.
I, dividing a processing section:
The everting section is equally divided into a plurality of processing sections, each of which has a length n. The starting point of each processing section is close to the mouth end of the necking straight edge section, and the processing section farthest from the tail end of the necking straight edge section is taken as a first processing section.
II, determining the pre-formed rotary wheel loading track of each processing section:
the everting segment is equally divided into j processing segments, j being 1, 2,3 … … w. In this embodiment, the everting section is equally divided into three processing sections. The preforming of each processing section is completed through three passes. And an involute is adopted for the pre-forming of each pass of rotating wheel loading track.
The specific process for determining the involute trajectory of each pre-forming pass is as follows:
And taking the starting point of each processing section of the outward-turning section as the starting point of the involute of each pass to make the involute of each pass, taking the starting point of each processing section as a rotation center, and obtaining the involute rotation angle alpha' of each pass by a formula (5) to pre-form the involute track of each pass of the outward-turning section.
wherein X and Y are horizontal and vertical coordinates X 'of an involute curve'j，Y′jX coordinates and y coordinates of the starting point of each processing section respectively; j represents the jth processing stage, j is 1, 2, 3; alpha' is the rotation angle of the involute of each pass; and a 'is the base circle radius of the involute in the internal rotation stage, and a' = a/10 is taken. Gamma rayjis the starting angle of the involute spread angle, gamma'jIs the final angle of the involute spread angle, and gamma is the involute spread angle. In this example, a' =20mm, γ is taken when a is 200mmjThe rotation angle alpha' of each pass involute is the same as 0, the range is 10-25 degrees, and the third pass involute track is tangent with the tail end of the straight section of the reducing.
Wherein, the final angle Y 'of each pass involute spread angle'jThe value of (C) is obtained from the formula (6)
in the formula, gammajand (b) taking a 'as a/10, wherein a' is the base radius of the involute in the internal rotation stage as the initial angle of the spread angle of the involute in each pass. In this example, γj＝0，a′＝20mm。
Wherein f isjThe length of the involute track curve of each pass in the pre-forming is adopted. Taking the elongation rate k of each pass of the blank into consideration, and preforming the curve length f of the involute track of each passjis determined by the following formula
fj＝(n+fj-1)×(k+1) (9)
in the formula, n is the length of each processing section. j is the jth pass in the preforming. f. ofj-1is the involute track curve length of the previous processing pass.
in the first preliminary shaping pass, fj＝f1first pass involute trace curve length f1Determined by equation (7):
f1＝n×(k+1) (7)
Involute curve length f of second pass2Determined by equation (8):
f2＝(n+f1)×(k+1) (8)
involute curve length f of jth passjDetermined by equation (9):
fj＝(n+fj-1)×(k+1) (9)
III, determining the loading track of the final forming spinning wheel:
And after each pass of the inward-rotation forming preforming of the outward-turning section is finished, taking the final section bus of the outward-turning section of the sealing ring body as a spinning wheel loading track of the outward-turning section, and finishing the final forming of the outward-turning section. And the final forming pass is a fourth forming pass, the starting point of the rotary wheel loading track of the final forming pass is superposed with the starting point of the third processing section, and the curve length of the rotary wheel loading track of the final forming pass is the final length of the eversion section of the forming piece.
Dispersing the obtained loading track curve of each processing pass rotating wheel formed by outward rotation of the necking straight edge section and the loading track curve of each processing pass rotating wheel formed by inward rotation of the outward turning section into 40-50 point coordinates, and manufacturing the loading track curve of each processing pass rotating wheel into a CNC program by using a rational B spline curve interpolation method. In order to ensure that the curve obtained by the rational B spline curve interpolation method is identical with the original track, the maximum distance between adjacent discrete points is not more than 0.3 mm.
step 4, determining a second forming edge spinning wheel loading track:
The first forming edge and the second forming edge of the sealing ring are symmetrical, so that the spinning loading tracks determined by the first forming edge and the second forming edge are the same.
step 5, spin forming a first forming edge:
And (3) realizing the spinning forming of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section on a 16002 double-spindle numerical control machine. And (3) fixing the sealing ring blank on a core mold, extending a first forming edge of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section to be formed out of the core mold, and guiding the CNC program of the outward turning and inward turning obtained in the step (1) into a numerical control machine after the installation is finished. The core mold adopts the prior art.
I, outward-rotation forming of a necking straight edge section:
When outward rotation forming is carried out, the rotating wheel acts on the outer surface of the ring blank, multi-pass gradual closing-up of the ring blank is realized under the action of compressive stress, and the point on the rotating wheel, which is contacted with the ring blank, is a machining point of the rotating wheel. The main shaft rotating speed is 5 rad/s-20 rad/s during spinning, and the feeding rate is 0.1 mm/r-0.9 mm/r.
Processing a first processing section:
And moving the rotary wheel to enable the machining point of the rotary wheel to coincide with the origin of coordinates of the sealing ring. And calling an outward rotation CNC numerical control program, operating the numerical control machine tool, enabling the rotary wheel to move according to a first rotary wheel loading track of the determined necking straight edge section by taking the coordinate origin as a starting point, moving to the track end point and then returning to the coordinate origin, and finishing the forming of the first machining section.
Processing a second processing section:
And the rotary wheel continuously takes the coordinate origin as a starting point, moves according to the second-pass rotary wheel loading track of the determined necking straight edge section, returns to the coordinate origin after moving to the track end point, and completes the forming of the second machining section.
Processing the remaining processing sections:
and repeating the processes of processing the first processing section and the second processing section to finish the forming of each processing section in sequence. And after the forming is finished, the rotary wheel is moved to leave the ring blank so as to conveniently take out the ring blank. And finishing the outward rotation forming of the first forming edge necking straight edge section.
In this embodiment, the outward rotation forming of the first forming side necking straight side section is completed through six passes in 6 processing sections in total.
and II, forming an outward turning section by inward turning.
And in the inward-rotation forming stage, the rotating wheel acts on the inner surface of the ring blank, and outward-turning forming of the ring blank is completed under the action of the rotating wheel. The main shaft rotating speed and the feeding rate are kept consistent with those of the outward spinning forming during the spinning.
I, performing preforming by each processing stage, specifically:
moving the rotor to move the rotor machining point to the everting stage first machining stage starting point coordinate X'1，Y′1calling an internal rotation CNC numerical control program, operating the numerical control machine, and rotating the wheel to obtain a first machining section starting point coordinate X'1，Y′1Moving according to a first-pass rotating wheel loading track of the outward-turning section as a starting point, and finishing the first-pass pre-forming after moving to a track end point; the rotary wheel moves continuously to the starting point of the second processing sectionCoordinate X'2，Y′2and moving according to the loading track of the second-pass rotating wheel of the outward-turning section by taking the point as a starting point, and finishing the second-pass pre-forming after moving to the end point of the track.
and repeating the forming processes of the first processing section of the outward-turning section and the second processing section of the outward-turning section to sequentially complete the pre-forming of each remaining processing section of the outward-turning section.
In this embodiment, the everting section is divided into three processing sections.
Ii final forming, in particular:
Moving the spinning wheel machining point to w-th machining stage starting point coordinate X'W,Y’wAnd loading by taking the point as a starting point and taking the generatrix of the final section of the outward-turning section as a loading track of the final forming spinning wheel of the outward-turning section.
And finishing the inward-rotation forming of the outward-turning section of the first forming edge. And after the forming is finished, closing the numerical control machine tool and taking down the ring blank.
Step 6, a second forming edge spinning forming process:
and (3) turning the sealing ring body by 180 degrees, fixing the first forming edge of the formed sealing ring body on the core mold, and extending the second forming edge of the sealing ring body to be formed outside to finish the installation. The main shaft rotating speed and the feeding rate are kept consistent with those in the step 5 during spinning.
And (5) moving the machining point of the rotary wheel to the origin of coordinates, and repeating the process of spinning and forming the first forming edge in the step 5 to finish spinning and forming the second forming edge.
at this point, the spin forming of the seal ring having the Ω -shaped cross section is completed.
Claims (8)
1. A spinning forming method of an omega-section sealing ring is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
Step 1, determining each forming edge of a sealing ring body:
taking the semicircular section of the sealing ring body and straight line sections positioned on two sides of the semicircular ring body as necking straight edge sections of the sealing ring body, wherein the straight line sections are inclined towards the inner side of the semicircular ring body, a closing-up of the section of the sealing ring body is formed at the tail end of each straight line section, and the width of the closing-up is b; the two ends of the straight edge section of the necking of the sealing ring extend outwards to form arc sections which are outward turning sections;
Dividing the sealing ring into a first forming edge and a second forming edge, wherein the first forming edge is a half-reduced straight edge section and an outward turning section which are positioned on one side of the splitting surface, and the second forming edge is a half-reduced straight edge section and an outward turning section which are positioned on the other side of the splitting surface;
step 2, establishing a coordinate system:
Establishing an xoy coordinate system of the sealing ring;
Step 3, determining a spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge:
The spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge comprises a necking straight edge section outward spinning forming spinning wheel loading track and an outward turning section inward spinning forming spinning wheel loading track;
step 4, determining a second forming edge spinning wheel loading track:
the first forming edge and the second forming edge of the sealing ring are symmetrical, so that the spinning loading tracks determined by the first forming edge and the second forming edge are the same;
Step 5, spin forming a first forming edge:
fixing a sealing ring blank on a core mold, wherein a first forming edge of the sealing ring with the omega-shaped section to be formed extends out of the core mold, and forming a first forming edge by spinning according to the spinning wheel loading track of the first forming edge determined in the step 3; the specific process is as follows:
i, outward-rotation forming of a necking straight edge section:
When outward rotation forming is carried out, the rotating wheel acts on the outer surface of the ring blank, and multi-pass gradual closing of the ring blank is realized under the action of compressive stress;
The contact point of the surface of the spinning wheel and the ring blank is the processing point of the spinning wheel, the rotating speed of a main shaft during spinning is 5 rad/s-20 rad/s, and the feed rate is 0.1 mm/r-0.9 mm/r;
processing a first processing section:
moving the rotary wheel to enable the rotary wheel machining point to coincide with the original point of the coordinate of the sealing ring, calling an outward rotation CNC (computerized numerical control) program, operating the numerical control machine, enabling the rotary wheel to move according to the first rotary wheel loading track of the determined necking straight edge section by taking the original point of the coordinate as a starting point, and returning to the original point of the coordinate after moving to a track end point to finish the forming of a first machining section; processing a second processing section:
Moving the rotary wheel to enable the rotary wheel processing point to coincide with the coordinate origin of the sealing ring, moving according to the determined second-pass rotary wheel loading track of the necking straight edge section, returning to the coordinate origin after moving to the track end point, and finishing the forming of a second processing section; processing the remaining processing sections:
repeating the processes of processing the first processing section and the second processing section to finish the forming of each processing section in sequence; after the forming is finished, the rotary wheel is moved to leave the ring blank so as to conveniently take out the ring blank; the outward rotation forming of the first forming edge necking straight edge section is finished;
II, forming an outward turning section by inward rotation;
In the inward-rotation forming stage, the rotating wheel acts on the inner surface of the ring blank, and outward-rotation forming of the ring blank is completed under the action of the rotating wheel; the rotating speed and the feeding rate of the main shaft during spinning are consistent with those during outward spinning;
i, performing preforming by each processing stage, specifically:
Moving the moving rotor to the rotor machining point to the everting stage first machining stage starting point coordinate X'1,Y′1Calling an internal rotation CNC numerical control program, operating the numerical control machine, and rotating the wheel to obtain a first machining section starting point coordinate X'1，Y′1moving according to a first-pass rotating wheel loading track of the outward-turning section as a starting point, and finishing the first-pass pre-forming after moving to a track end point; continued movement of the rotary wheel to a second stage start coordinate X'2，Y′2Taking the point as a starting point, moving according to a loading track of a second-pass rotating wheel of the outward-turning section, and finishing the second-pass pre-forming after moving to a track end point;
repeating the forming process of the first processing section of the outward-turning section and the second processing section of the outward-turning section to sequentially complete the remaining p of the outward-turning section3～wpreforming of the processing section;
Ii final forming, in particular:
moving the spinning wheel machining point to w-th machining stage starting point coordinate X'W,Y'wwAnd takes the point as a starting pointLoading the final section bus of the outward turning section into a final forming rotary wheel loading track of the outward turning section;
so as to finish the inward rotation forming of the outward turning section of the first forming edge;
step 6, spin forming a second forming edge:
turning the sealing ring body for 180 degrees, fixing the first forming edge of the formed sealing ring body on the core mold, and extending the second forming edge of the sealing ring body to be formed outside to finish the installation; the rotating speed and the feeding rate of the main shaft are kept consistent with those in the step 5 during spinning;
Moving the rotary wheel to the origin of coordinates, and repeating the step 5 to form the first forming edge by spinning so as to finish the spinning forming of the second forming edge;
at this point, the spin forming of the seal ring having the Ω -shaped cross section is completed.
2. The method of spin forming a Ω -section seal ring of claim 1, wherein said first and second forming edges are at the seal ring closing widthAnd a connecting line between the C point and the top end of the semicircular arc of the straight edge section of the necking of the sealing ring is used as a splitting surface, and the axial section of the sealing ring body is obtained by splitting two symmetrical halves.
3. The method for spin forming an omega-section seal ring according to claim 1, wherein in the xoy coordinate system of the seal ring, the origin O of the coordinate system coincides with the point C of the semicircular arc top end of the straight section of the necking of the seal ring, and the point C is from the point C to the point C of the semicircular arc top end of the straight section of the necking of the seal ringThe direction of the point C is the x-axis direction of the coordinate system, and the tangential direction of the point C is the y-axis direction.
4. the method for spin forming an omega-section seal ring according to claim 1, wherein the spinning wheel loading trajectory of the first forming edge comprises an outward spinning wheel loading trajectory of a necking straight edge section and an inward spinning wheel loading trajectory of an outward turning section;
The specific process for determining the loading track of the first forming edge wheel comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a spinning wheel loading track formed by outward spinning of a necking straight edge section;
I, dividing a processing section:
Equally dividing a half-reduced straight edge section of the first forming edge into a plurality of processing sections from a coordinate origin O;
Starting points of all the processing sections are one end close to an origin O of a coordinate system; the length of each processing section is m; forming a processing section in each processing pass;
II, determining the loading track of the rotary wheel of each processing section:
moving the machining point of the rotary wheel to a necking straight section of a w-th machining section, and adopting an outward rotary forming mode of film pasting step by step, wherein the loading track of the rotary wheel of each machining step is formed by connecting the track of the film pasted section with the involute track of the machining section without the film pasted;
when the involute track of each processing section is determined, taking the end point of each processing section of the half-necking straight-side section as a starting point to make an involute of each processing pass, taking the end point of each processing section as a rotation center, rotating the involute of each processing pass by an angle alpha, and obtaining the involute track of each processing section through a formula (1):
Wherein X and Y are respectively the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the involute track, Xi，yirespectively representing the x coordinate and the y coordinate of the end point of each processing section; i represents the ith processing stage, i is 1, 2,3 … … z; alpha is the involute rotation angle of each processing section; a is the base circle radius of an involute at an outward rotation stage, a is more than or equal to 3.3d, and d is the diameter of a ring blank; thetaiIs a starting angle of an involute spread angle of an outward rotation stage'iThe final angle of the involute spread angle in the outward rotation stage, and theta is the involute spread angle;
Wherein, the final angle theta of the involute span angle of the outward rotation stage'iObtained by the formula (2);
Namely:
in the formula IiThe length of the involute track curve of each processing section;
Secondly, determining a loading track of an inside-out section internal rotation forming rotary wheel;
the loading track of the inside-turning forming spinning wheel of the outward turning section comprises a pre-forming step spinning wheel loading track and a final forming spinning wheel loading track;
The specific process for determining the loading track of the inside-turning forming spinning wheel of the eversion section comprises the following steps:
I, dividing a processing section:
Equally dividing the everting section into a plurality of processing sections, each processing section having a length of n; the starting point of each processing section is close to the mouth end of the necking straight edge section, and the processing section farthest from the tail end of the necking straight edge section is taken as a first processing section;
II, determining the pre-formed rotary wheel loading track of each processing section:
Equally dividing the everting section into j processing sections, wherein j is 1, 2,3 … … w; preforming of each processing section is completed through j passes; the loading track of each rotary wheel of each pre-forming pass adopts an involute;
When the involute tracks of all the passes are pre-formed, the starting points of all the processing sections of the outward-turning sections are respectively used as the starting points of the involute of all the passes to make the involute of all the passes, the starting points of all the processing sections are used as the rotating centers, and the involute rotating angle alpha' of all the passes is then used for obtaining the involute tracks of all the passes pre-formed by the outward-turning sections through a formula (5);
Wherein X and Y are horizontal and vertical coordinates X 'of an involute curve'j，Y′jAre respectively eachthe x coordinate and the y coordinate of the starting point of the processing section; j represents the j-th processing stage, j is 1, 2,3 … … w; alpha' is the rotation angle of the involute of each pass; a 'is the base circle radius of the involute at the internal rotation stage, and a' is a/10; gamma rayjIs the starting angle of the involute spread angle, gamma'jIs the final angle of the involute spread angle, gamma is the spread angle of the involute;
Final angle γ 'of involute spread angle of each processing pass when determining involute trace of each pre-forming pass'jIs given by the formula
(6) obtaining;
In the formula, gammajTaking a 'as a/10, wherein a' is the base radius of the involute at the internal rotation stage; f. ofjThe length of the involute track curve of each pass in the pre-forming is determined;
III, determining the loading track of the final forming spinning wheel:
taking a final section bus of the outward turning section of the sealing ring body as a spinning wheel loading track of the outward turning section to finish final forming of the outward turning section; the starting point of the rotary wheel loading track of the final forming pass is overlapped with the starting point of the previous processing section, and the curve length of the rotary wheel loading track of the final forming pass is the final length of the outward turning section of the formed piece;
dispersing the obtained each processing pass rotating wheel loading track curve formed by outward rotation of the necking straight edge section and each processing pass rotating wheel loading track curve formed by inward rotation of the outward turning section into 40-50 point coordinates, and manufacturing each processing pass rotating wheel loading track curve into a CNC program by using a rational B spline curve interpolation method; in order to ensure that the curve obtained by the rational B spline curve interpolation method is identical with the original track, the maximum distance between adjacent discrete points is not more than 0.3 mm.
5. the method for spin forming an omega-section seal ring according to claim 4, wherein the involute curve of each machined section has a length liobtained from the formula (3)
li＝si-m×i×(k+1)i (3)
In the formula, K is pass elongation; siAnd loading the curve length of the track for each processing section rotary wheel.
6. The method for spin forming an omega section seal ring according to claim 5, wherein the curve length s of the loading path of the spinning wheel of each processing section is set to be equal to or greater than the curve length s of the loading path of the spinning wheel of each processing sectioniDetermined by equation (4);
si＝s(i-1)×(k+1) (4)
in the formula (4), s(i-1)The curve length of the loading track of the rotary wheel for the previous processing pass is s when i is equal to 10(ii) a S is0Is the first forming edge initial length; and k is pass elongation.
7. the spinning forming method of the omega-section seal ring according to claim 4, wherein the step of determining each pre-forming pass involute track is to take the starting point of each processing section of the outward-turning section as the starting point of each pass involute to make each pass involute, and take the starting point of each processing section as the rotation center, and obtain each pre-forming pass involute track of the outward-turning section according to a formula (5) after the involute rotation angle alpha' of each pass;
Wherein X and Y are horizontal and vertical coordinates X 'of an involute curve'j，Y′jx coordinates and y coordinates of the starting point of each processing section respectively; j denotes the jth processing stage; alpha' is the rotation angle of the involute of each pass; a 'is the base circle radius of the involute at the internal rotation stage, and a' is a/10; gamma rayjis the starting angle of the involute spread angle, gamma'jis the final angle of the involute spread angle, and gamma is the involute spread angle.
8. spinning forming method of omega-section sealing ring according to claim 4The method is characterized in that when the involute locus of each pre-forming pass is determined, the final angle gamma of the involute spread angle of each processing pass'jthe value of (c) is obtained by equation (6);
in the formula, gammajthe initial angle of the involute spread angle of each processing pass; a 'is the base circle radius of the involute at the internal rotation stage, and a' is a/10; f. ofjPre-forming the length of the involute track curve of each pass; considering the elongation k of the blank pass, the curve length f of the involute track of each pass in the preformingiDetermined by the formula:
fi＝(n+fi-(i-x))×(k+1) (9)
In the formula, n is the length of each processing section; j is the jth pass in the preforming; f. ofj-1Is the involute track curve length of the previous processing pass.
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| CN110899445A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-24 | 浙江普兴电子科技有限公司 | Mold and method for preparing sine type deployable sealing structure by spinning process |
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