CN103752707A - Die and method for forming straight tube section-expansion section composite titanium alloy equal-wall-thickness curved generatrix thin wall rotation body component - Google Patents
Die and method for forming straight tube section-expansion section composite titanium alloy equal-wall-thickness curved generatrix thin wall rotation body component Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 17
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
一种成形直筒-扩张段复合的钛合金等壁厚曲母线薄壁回转体构件的模具和方法。本发明涉及金属材料塑性加工中的难变形材料精密热成形技术领域，尤其涉及一种成形直筒-扩张段复合的钛合金等壁厚曲母线薄壁回转体构件的模具和方法。本发明是为解决现有方法存在的壁厚减薄剧烈、易出现轴向开裂、成形过程中变形不均以及构件的整体性能下降的问题，成形方法：理论计算获得变壁厚筒坯形状尺寸、机械加工初始厚壁筒坯、旋前涂覆润滑剂和保护剂、旋压成形变壁厚筒坯、电火花端切变壁厚筒坯口部、热扩口前涂覆润滑剂和保护剂和感应加热扩口成形，得到直筒-扩张段复合等壁厚钛合金曲母线构件。获得工件整体壁厚均匀性高；提高了扩口系数及构件的整体性能。
A mold and method for forming a straight cylinder-expanding section composite titanium alloy equal-wall-thick curved generatrix thin-walled rotary member. The invention relates to the technical field of precision thermoforming of difficult-to-deform materials in plastic processing of metal materials, in particular to a mold and a method for forming a straight cylinder-expanding section composite titanium alloy equal-wall-thick curved generatrix thin-walled rotary member. The present invention aims to solve the existing problems of severe wall thickness reduction, easy axial cracking, uneven deformation during the forming process, and decline in the overall performance of the components in the existing method. , Machining the initial thick-walled billet, pre-spinning coating lubricant and protective agent, spinning forming variable-wall thickness billet, EDM end shear wall thickness billet mouth, coating lubricant and protection before thermal expansion agent and induction heating flaring to obtain a straight tube-expanded section composite equal-wall thickness titanium alloy curved busbar component. The uniformity of the overall wall thickness of the workpiece is obtained; the expansion coefficient and the overall performance of the component are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the difficult-to-deformation material accurate thermoforming technical field in metal material plastic working, relate in particular to mould and the method for the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the compound titanium alloy of a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped member.
Background technology
Titanium alloy has that density is low, specific strength and the advantage such as specific stiffness is high, heat-and corrosion-resistant, thereby has obtained increasingly extensive application in Aeronautics and Astronautics, weapons and field of petrochemical industry.Along with above each field loss of weight, the needs saving raw material and reduce costs, the thin-walled revolution workpiece members such as titanium alloy are in an increasingly wide range of applications, and particularly straight tube-expansion segment compoundly waits in wall thickness titanium alloy, the bent bus bar component of large thin-wall has important purposes.For the traditional volume weldering+hot school shape technique of this class A of geometric unitA, because the existence of weld seam declines component performance, be difficult to meet extreme environment service demand.Traditional enlarging forming technology such as normally adopts to process at the tube billet of wall thickness, because deformed area outer rim in forming process is in approximate unidirectional hoop tensile stress state, wall thickness reduction is violent, is easy to occur rupture along axial direction defect, has limited the raising of enlarging forming limit coefficient.In addition, because enlarging district is out of shape uneven in forming process, make the workpiece of shaping acquisition along bent bus skewness, thinner the closer to oral area wall thickness, the overall performance of member is declined, need to be shaped final wall thickness along the equally distributed thin-walled revolution workpiece member of bent bus by base scheme reasonable in design and enlarging scheme for this reason.
Shear spinning technique is a kind of advanced manufacturing technology that is widely used in shaping thin-wall tube-shaped element, compare the advantage such as there is laborsaving material-saving, forming efficiency is high, structure property is good with the technique such as machining, volume weldering, casting, be applicable to the low-cost high-efficiency manufacture of the difficult-to-deformation material thin-wall tube-shaped elements such as titanium alloy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be for solve the wall thickness reduction that existing method exists violent, be prone to and in rupture along axial direction, forming process, be out of shape the problem that the overall performance of inequality and member declines, and provide mould and the method for the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the compound titanium alloy of a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped members.
The mould of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the titanium alloy that a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped of the present invention is compound member consists of cope match-plate pattern, mold, bed die, induction heating apparatus, heat insulation loop and lower bolster; Wherein mold is positioned at cope match-plate pattern bottom, mold is divided into upper and lower two parts, upper and lower two parts are coaxial docking and are integrated, top is cylindrical, bottom is that diameter is less than the cylindrical of top, bed die is divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, upper, middle and lower three parts are docked successively as coaxial integrative-structure, the top of bed die is cylindrical, the middle part of bed die is round platform, and the bottom of bed die is cylindrical, and induction heating apparatus is looped around bed die outer surface, heat insulation loop is positioned at bed die below and connects with bed die, and lower bolster is positioned at place, heat insulation loop lower surface.
The method of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the titanium alloy that a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped of the present invention is compound member is carried out according to the following steps:
One, calculate and become the theoretical geometry size of wall thickness cylinder base definite wall thickness cylinder base actual geometric configuration size that becomes: based on plastic processing constancy of volume rule, according to the geometry size of target workpiece, calculate the theoretical volume of target workpiece, obtain becoming the theoretical volume of wall thickness cylinder base, then make in the theoretical geometry size of the change wall thickness cylinder base determined the cylinder axial two ends of base respectively after reserved one section of waste material section, as the actual geometric configuration size that becomes wall thickness cylinder base; The described wall thickness sections such as change wall thickness cylinder base are 1:(0.7～3.0 with the ratio that becomes the axial length of wall thickness section);
Two, determine the wall thickness cylinder base geometry sizes such as initial: actual geometric configuration size and the plastic processing constancy of volume principle of the change wall thickness cylinder base obtaining according to step 1, keep cylinder base internal diameter constant, inverse obtains initially waiting wall thickness cylinder base geometry size;
The wall thickness cylinder bases such as three, machining is initial: select titanium alloy cylindrical blank to carry out turning, the initial wall thickness cylinder base geometry size that waits that turning to step 2 obtains, obtain the front blank of spinning, during turning, the surfaces externally and internally of titanium alloy cylindrical blank is all carried out to turning, and guarantee the axiality of inside and outside circle and the perpendicularity of end face and axis;
Four, spinning obtains becoming wall thickness cylinder base: first spinning mold is heated to temperature, after 180～220 ℃, spinning mold top layer is applied to water-based graphite, then before spinning step 3 being obtained, to be heated to temperature be that before the spinning after 180～220 ℃, step 3 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite to blank, carry out again spinning, keep cylinder base internal diameter constant, obtain becoming wall thickness cylinder base after spinning, there is the change wall thickness cylinder base of actual geometric configuration size in step 1; Rotary pressure process parameter is: it is 740～800 ℃ that the first passage spinning temperature is controlled, reduction is that the 15%～40%, second passage spinning temperature control is 700～800 ℃, and reduction is 20%～35%, it is 650～750 ℃ that the 3rd passage spinning temperature is controlled, and reduction is 20%～30%;
Five, Wire EDM end-grain cutting becomes wall thickness cylinder base oral area: after spinning step 4 being obtained by Wire EDM, the unnecessary waste material of blank oral area excises, obtain the front blank of enlarging shaping, the change wall thickness cylinder base with the theoretical geometry size of determining in step 1, guarantees that workpiece end face to be cut is vertical with axis during line cutting;
Six, the online compression flare of eddy-current heating is shaped: first enlarging shaping dies being heated to temperature is, after 180～220 ℃, enlarging shaping dies top layer is applied to water-based graphite, then it is that before the enlarging shaping after 180～220 ℃, step 5 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite that the front blank of enlarging shaping step 5 being obtained is heated to temperature, enlarging shaping dies being continued to be heated to temperature is again 350～450 ℃, then by enlarging shaping dies and hydraulic press, carrying out the online compression flare of eddy-current heating is shaped, obtain the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the compound titanium alloy of straight tube-expansion segment member,
Wherein said enlarging shaping dies consists of cope match-plate pattern, mold, bed die, induction heating apparatus, heat insulation loop and lower bolster;
Wherein the online compression flare forming parameters of eddy-current heating is: the pressing speed of hydraulic press is 10mm/min～20mm/min, expanding coefficient is that the ratio of blank port internal diameter before and after enlarging is 1:(1.4～1.9), the blank temperature that is positioned at bed die region is 650～750 ℃, and the blank temperature that is positioned at bed die region is satisfied to be increased progressively from top to bottom, increasing progressively thermograde is along the axial 20 ℃/mm of blank.
The invention provides a kind of method of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness titanium alloy member such as manufacturing, according to constancy of volume principle in Metal Forming and enlarging forming blank axial cross section wall thickness change rule, first carry out the prefabricated cylinder of enlarging base size inverse, then adopt shear spinning technique to prepare the preform that meets size shape requirement, finally by online eddy-current heating enlarging be shaped straight tube-expansion segment compound wait the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of wall thickness titanium alloy member.The method that waits the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of wall thickness titanium alloy member that shaping straight tube-expansion segment of the present invention is compound, the method comprises that shear spinning preparation becomes wall thickness cylinder base and the compound bent bus bar component of wall thickness that waits of online eddy-current heating enlarging shaping straight tube-expansion segment.
The present invention has following beneficial effect with respect to prior art: 1. obtain the compound bent bus part of straight tube-expansion segment that whole evenness of wall thickness is higher; When 2. slowing down enlarging and being shaped, the oral area generation trend of defect of breaking, improves expanding coefficient; 3. adopt spinning mode to become wall thickness base, and through online eddy-current heating compression flare be shaped can obtain integrated welding seam-free etc. wall thickness revolving body workpieces; 4. with respect to multistage volume welding structure, can significantly improve the overall performance of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of titanium alloy member.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is target workpiece structural representation in test two;
Fig. 2 is for becoming the structural representation of wall thickness cylinder base in test two step 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of mould of the present invention; 1 is cope match-plate pattern, and 2 is mold, and 3 is bed die, and 4 is induction heating apparatus, and 5 is heat insulation loop, and 6 is lower bolster;
Fig. 4 is mould and workpiece schematic diagram in enlarging forming process in test two step 6; 1 is cope match-plate pattern, and 2 is mold, and 3 is bed die, and 4 is induction heating apparatus, and 5 is heat insulation loop, and 6 is lower bolster, and 7 is cylinder base;
Fig. 5 is for testing the Thickness Distribution curve map that becomes wall thickness cylinder base in two step 4 after spinning;
Fig. 6 is the compound bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the titanium alloy member wall thickness scatter chart of the rear straight tube-expansion segment of enlarging shaping in test two step 6.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the mould of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the titanium alloy that a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped of present embodiment is compound member consists of cope match-plate pattern 1, mold 2, bed die 3, induction heating apparatus 4, heat insulation loop 5 and lower bolster 6, wherein mold 2 is positioned at cope match-plate pattern 1 bottom, mold 2 is divided into upper and lower two parts, upper and lower two parts are coaxial docking and are integrated, top is cylindrical, its diameter is greater than and before hot-working, becomes wall thickness cylinder base small end external diameter after turning, bottom is that diameter is less than the cylindrical of top, its diameter mates with change wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter before hot-working after turning, bed die 3 is divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, upper, middle and lower three parts are docked successively as coaxial integrative-structure, the top of bed die 3 is cylindrical, the bed die 3 cylindrical diameters in top mate with change wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter before hot-working after turning, the bed die 3 cylindrical height in top are 40mm～100mm, the middle part of bed die 3 is round platform, this round platform base diameter equals target workpiece flared section maximum inner diameter, this round platform height is target workpiece flared section height, bed die 3 bottoms are cylindrical, its diameter equals middle part round platform base diameter, induction heating apparatus 4 is looped around bed die 3 outer surfaces, heat insulation loop 5 is positioned at bed die 3 belows and connects with bed die 3, lower bolster 6 is positioned at heat insulation loop 5 places, lower surface.
The specific embodiment two: the method for the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the titanium alloy that a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped of present embodiment is compound member is carried out according to the following steps:
One, calculate and become the theoretical geometry size of wall thickness cylinder base definite wall thickness cylinder base actual geometric configuration size that becomes: based on plastic processing constancy of volume rule, according to the geometry size of target workpiece, calculate the theoretical volume of target workpiece, obtain becoming the theoretical volume of wall thickness cylinder base, then make in the theoretical geometry size of the change wall thickness cylinder base determined the cylinder axial two ends of base respectively after reserved one section of waste material section, as the actual geometric configuration size that becomes wall thickness cylinder base; The described wall thickness sections such as change wall thickness cylinder base are 1:(0.7～3.0 with the ratio that becomes the axial length of wall thickness section);
Two, determine the wall thickness cylinder base geometry sizes such as initial: actual geometric configuration size and the plastic processing constancy of volume principle of the change wall thickness cylinder base obtaining according to step 1, keep cylinder base internal diameter constant, inverse obtains initially waiting wall thickness cylinder base geometry size;
The wall thickness cylinder bases such as three, machining is initial: select titanium alloy cylindrical blank to carry out turning, the initial wall thickness cylinder base geometry size that waits that turning to step 2 obtains, obtain the front blank of spinning, during turning, the surfaces externally and internally of titanium alloy cylindrical blank is all carried out to turning, and guarantee the axiality of inside and outside circle and the perpendicularity of end face and axis;
Four, spinning obtains becoming wall thickness cylinder base: first spinning mold is heated to temperature, after 180～220 ℃, spinning mold top layer is applied to water-based graphite, then before spinning step 3 being obtained, to be heated to temperature be that before the spinning after 180～220 ℃, step 3 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite to blank, carry out again spinning, keep cylinder base internal diameter constant, obtain becoming wall thickness cylinder base after spinning, there is the change wall thickness cylinder base of actual geometric configuration size in step 1; Rotary pressure process parameter is: it is 740～800 ℃ that the first passage spinning temperature is controlled, reduction is that the 15%～40%, second passage spinning temperature control is 700～800 ℃, and reduction is 20%～35%, it is 650～750 ℃ that the 3rd passage spinning temperature is controlled, and reduction is 20%～30%;
Five, Wire EDM end-grain cutting becomes wall thickness cylinder base oral area: after spinning step 4 being obtained by Wire EDM, the unnecessary waste material of blank oral area excises, obtain the front blank of enlarging shaping, the change wall thickness cylinder base with the theoretical geometry size of determining in step 1, guarantees that workpiece end face to be cut is vertical with axis during line cutting;
Six, the online compression flare of eddy-current heating is shaped: first enlarging shaping dies being heated to temperature is, after 180～220 ℃, enlarging shaping dies top layer is applied to water-based graphite, then it is that before the enlarging shaping after 180～220 ℃, step 5 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite that the front blank of enlarging shaping step 5 being obtained is heated to temperature, enlarging shaping dies being continued to be heated to temperature is again 350～450 ℃, then by enlarging shaping dies and hydraulic press, carrying out the online compression flare of eddy-current heating is shaped, obtain the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the compound titanium alloy of straight tube-expansion segment member,
Wherein said enlarging shaping dies consists of cope match-plate pattern 1, mold 2, bed die 3, induction heating apparatus 4, heat insulation loop 5 and lower bolster 6, wherein mold 2 is positioned at cope match-plate pattern 1 bottom, mold 2 is divided into upper and lower two parts, upper and lower two parts are coaxial docking and are integrated, top is cylindrical, its diameter is greater than and in step 4, after spinning, becomes wall thickness cylinder base small end external diameter, bottom is that diameter is less than the cylindrical of top, its diameter with after spinning in step 4, become wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter and mate, bed die 3 is divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, upper, middle and lower three parts are docked successively as coaxial integrative-structure, the top of bed die 3 is cylindrical, the bed die 3 cylindrical diameters in top with after spinning in step 4, become wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter and mate, the bed die 3 cylindrical height in top are 40mm～100mm, the middle part of bed die 3 is round platform, this round platform base diameter equals target workpiece flared section maximum inner diameter, this round platform height is target workpiece flared section height, bed die 3 bottoms are cylindrical, its diameter equals middle part round platform base diameter, induction heating apparatus 4 is looped around bed die 3 outer surfaces, heat insulation loop 5 is positioned at bed die 3 belows and connects with bed die 3, lower bolster 6 is positioned at heat insulation loop 5 places, lower surface,
It is inner that while wherein assembling, mold 2 lower cylindrical shapes are inserted cylinder base small end, and the bed die 3 top large ends of cylindrical insertion cylinder base are inner;
Wherein the online compression flare forming parameters of eddy-current heating is: the pressing speed of hydraulic press is 10mm/min～20mm/min, expanding coefficient is that the ratio of blank port internal diameter before and after enlarging is 1:(1.4～1.9), the blank temperature that is positioned at bed die 3 regions is 650～750 ℃, and the blank temperature that is positioned at bed die 3 regions is satisfied to be increased progressively from top to bottom, increasing progressively thermograde is along the axial 20 ℃/mm of blank.
Present embodiment provides a kind of method of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness titanium alloy member such as manufacturing, according to constancy of volume principle in Metal Forming and enlarging forming blank axial cross section wall thickness change rule, first carry out the prefabricated cylinder of enlarging base size inverse, then adopt shear spinning technique to prepare the preform that meets size shape requirement, finally by online eddy-current heating enlarging be shaped straight tube-expansion segment compound wait the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of wall thickness titanium alloy member.The compound method that waits the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of wall thickness titanium alloy member of shaping straight tube-expansion segment described in present embodiment, the method comprises that shear spinning preparation becomes wall thickness cylinder base and the compound bent bus bar component of wall thickness that waits of online eddy-current heating enlarging shaping straight tube-expansion segment.
Present embodiment has following beneficial effect with respect to prior art: 1. obtain the compound bent bus part of straight tube-expansion segment that whole evenness of wall thickness is higher; When 2. slowing down enlarging and being shaped, the oral area generation trend of defect of breaking, improves expanding coefficient; 3. adopt spinning mode to become wall thickness base, and through online eddy-current heating compression flare be shaped can obtain integrated welding seam-free etc. wall thickness revolving body workpieces; 4. with respect to multistage volume welding structure, can significantly improve the overall performance of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of titanium alloy member.
The specific embodiment three: present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment two: the cylinder axial two ends of base described in the step 1 respectively length of reserved one section of waste material section are 10mm～20mm.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment two with parameter.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment two or three: the wall thickness sections such as the change wall thickness cylinder base described in step 1 are 1:(1～2.5 with the ratio that becomes the axial length of wall thickness section).Other step is identical with the specific embodiment two or three with parameter.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment two to four: first spinning mold being heated to temperature in step 4 is, after 200 ℃, spinning mold top layer is applied to water-based graphite, then before spinning step 3 being obtained, to be heated to temperature be that before the spinning after 200 ℃, step 3 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite to blank, then carry out spinning.Other step is identical with one of parameter and specific embodiment two to four.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment two to five: in step 4, rotary pressure process parameter is: it is 740～800 ℃ that the first passage spinning temperature is controlled, reduction is 15%～35%, it is 700～800 ℃ that the second passage spinning temperature is controlled, reduction is 20%～30%, it is 650～750 ℃ that the 3rd passage spinning temperature is controlled, and reduction is 20%～28%.Other step is identical with one of parameter and specific embodiment two to five.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment two to six: first enlarging shaping dies being heated to temperature in step 6 is, after 200 ℃, enlarging shaping dies top layer is applied to water-based graphite, it is that before the enlarging shaping after 200 ℃, step 5 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite that the front blank of the enlarging then step 5 being obtained shaping is heated to temperature.Other step is identical with one of parameter and specific embodiment two to six.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment two to seven: enlarging shaping dies being continued to be heated to temperature in step 6 is 380～430 ℃, then carries out the online compression flare of eddy-current heating by enlarging shaping dies and hydraulic press and is shaped.Other step is identical with one of parameter and specific embodiment two to seven.
The specific embodiment nine: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment two to eight: in step 6, the pressing speed of hydraulic press is 15mm/min.Other step is identical with one of parameter and specific embodiment two to eight.
The specific embodiment ten: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment two to nine: in step 6, expanding coefficient is that the ratio of blank port internal diameter before and after enlarging is 1:1.7.Other step is identical with one of parameter and specific embodiment two to nine.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
The mould of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as test one, the compound titanium alloy of (in conjunction with Fig. 3) a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped member consists of cope match-plate pattern 1, mold 2, bed die 3, induction heating apparatus 4, heat insulation loop 5 and lower bolster 6, wherein mold 2 is positioned at cope match-plate pattern 1 bottom, mold 2 is divided into upper and lower two parts, upper and lower two parts are coaxial docking and are integrated, top is cylindrical, its diameter is greater than and before hot-working, becomes wall thickness cylinder base small end external diameter after turning, bottom is that diameter is less than the cylindrical of top, its diameter mates with change wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter before hot-working after turning, bed die 3 is divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, upper, middle and lower three parts are docked successively as coaxial integrative-structure, the top of bed die 3 is cylindrical, the bed die 3 cylindrical diameters in top mate with change wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter before hot-working after turning, the bed die 3 cylindrical height in top are 60mm, the middle part of bed die 3 is round platform, this round platform base diameter equals target workpiece flared section maximum inner diameter, this round platform height is target workpiece flared section height, bed die 3 bottoms are cylindrical, its diameter equals middle part round platform base diameter, induction heating apparatus 4 is looped around bed die 3 outer surfaces, heat insulation loop 5 is positioned at bed die 3 belows and connects with bed die 3, lower bolster 6 is positioned at heat insulation loop 5 places, lower surface.
The method of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as test two, the compound titanium alloy of (in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) a kind of straight tube-expansion segment that is shaped member is carried out according to the following steps:
Target workpiece size: (as shown in Figure 1) direct tube section internal diameter
expansion segment maximum inner diameter
expansion segment length is 150mm, and wall thickness is 2mm;
Manufacturing process: one, (as shown in Figure 2) calculating becomes the theoretical geometry size of wall thickness cylinder base and determines change wall thickness cylinder base actual geometric configuration size: based on plastic processing constancy of volume rule, according to the geometry size of target workpiece, calculate the theoretical volume of target workpiece, obtain becoming the theoretical volume of wall thickness cylinder base, then make the cylinder axial two ends of base one section of waste material section that length in reserve is 15mm respectively in the theoretical geometry size of the change wall thickness cylinder base determined, as the actual geometric configuration size that becomes wall thickness cylinder base; The described wall thickness section L such as change wall thickness cylinder base
1with change wall thickness section L
2the ratio of axial length be 1:1.7;
The described wall thickness section thickness such as change wall thickness cylinder base are 2mm;
It is 2mm～4mm that described change wall thickness cylinder base becomes wall thickness section thickness, by becoming wall thickness section, starts to present and increase progressively trend to end wall thickness;
Two, determine the wall thickness cylinder base geometry sizes such as initial: actual geometric configuration size and the plastic processing constancy of volume principle of the change wall thickness cylinder base obtaining according to step 1, keep cylinder base internal diameter constant, inverse obtains initially waiting wall thickness cylinder base geometry size;
The initial wall thickness cylinder base geometry size that waits: internal diameter is
wall thickness 10mm～15mm;
The wall thickness cylinder bases such as three, machining is initial: select TA15 titanium alloy cylindrical blank to carry out turning, the initial wall thickness cylinder base geometry size that waits that turning to step 2 obtains, obtain the front blank of spinning, during turning, the surfaces externally and internally of titanium alloy cylindrical blank is all carried out to turning, and guarantee the axiality of inside and outside circle and the perpendicularity of end face and axis;
Four, spinning obtains becoming wall thickness cylinder base: first spinning mold is heated to temperature, after 200 ℃, spinning mold top layer is applied to water-based graphite, then before spinning step 3 being obtained, to be heated to temperature be that before the spinning after 200 ℃, step 3 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite to blank, carry out again spinning, keep cylinder base internal diameter constant, obtain becoming wall thickness cylinder base after spinning, there is the change wall thickness cylinder base of actual geometric configuration size in step 1; Rotary pressure process parameter is: it is 740～800 ℃ that the first passage spinning temperature is controlled, be thinned to 6mm～10mm, it is 700～800 ℃ that the second passage spinning temperature is controlled, and is thinned to 4mm～6mm, it is 650～750 ℃ that the 3rd passage spinning temperature is controlled, and is thinned to 2mm～4mm;
Five, Wire EDM end-grain cutting becomes wall thickness cylinder base oral area: after spinning step 4 being obtained by Wire EDM, the unnecessary waste material of blank oral area excises, obtain the front blank of enlarging shaping, the change wall thickness cylinder base with the theoretical geometry size of determining in step 1, guarantees that workpiece end face to be cut is vertical with axis during line cutting;
Six, the online compression flare of eddy-current heating is shaped: (as shown in Figure 3) is first heated to enlarging shaping dies temperature is, after 200 ℃, enlarging shaping dies top layer is applied to water-based graphite, then it is that before the enlarging shaping after 200 ℃, step 5 being obtained, blank inner and outer surface layers applies water-based graphite that the front blank of enlarging shaping step 5 being obtained is heated to temperature, enlarging shaping dies being continued to be heated to temperature is again 400 ℃, then by enlarging shaping dies and hydraulic press, carrying out the online compression flare of eddy-current heating is shaped, obtain the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the compound titanium alloy of straight tube-expansion segment member,
(as shown in Figure 3) wherein said enlarging shaping dies consists of cope match-plate pattern 1, mold 2, bed die 3, induction heating apparatus 4, heat insulation loop 5 and lower bolster 6, wherein mold 2 is positioned at cope match-plate pattern 1 bottom, mold 2 is divided into upper and lower two parts, upper and lower two parts are coaxial docking and are integrated, top is cylindrical, its diameter is greater than and in step 4, after spinning, becomes wall thickness cylinder base small end external diameter, bottom is that diameter is less than the cylindrical of top, its diameter with after spinning in step 4, become wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter and mate, bed die 3 is divided into upper, middle and lower three parts, upper, middle and lower three parts are docked successively as coaxial integrative-structure, the top of bed die 3 is cylindrical, the bed die 3 cylindrical diameters in top with after spinning in step 4, become wall thickness cylinder base internal diameter and mate, the bed die 3 cylindrical height in top are 60mm, the middle part of bed die 3 is round platform, this round platform base diameter equals target workpiece flared section maximum inner diameter, this round platform height is target workpiece flared section height, bed die 3 bottoms are cylindrical, its diameter equals middle part round platform base diameter, induction heating apparatus 4 is looped around bed die 3 outer surfaces, heat insulation loop 5 is positioned at bed die 3 belows and connects with bed die 3, lower bolster 6 is positioned at heat insulation loop 5 places, lower surface,
(as shown in Figure 4) it is inner that while wherein assembling, mold 2 lower cylindrical shapes are inserted cylinder base 7 small ends, and bed die 3 top cylindrical insertion cylinder base 7 large ends are inner;
Wherein the online compression flare forming parameters of eddy-current heating is: the pressing speed of hydraulic press is 15mm/min, expanding coefficient is that the ratio of blank port internal diameter before and after enlarging is 1:1.7, the blank temperature that is positioned at bed die 3 regions is 650～750 ℃, and the blank temperature that is positioned at bed die 3 regions is satisfied to be increased progressively from top to bottom, increasing progressively thermograde is along the axial 20 ℃/mm of blank.
Described target workpiece structural representation as shown in Figure 1;
The structural representation of the change wall thickness cylinder base described in step 1 as shown in Figure 2;
In step 6, the schematic diagram of mould as shown in Figure 3;
In step 6, in enlarging forming process, mould and workpiece schematic diagram be as shown in Figure 4
In step 4, after spinning, become the Thickness Distribution of wall thickness cylinder base as shown in Figure 5, wherein a be cylinder base any place along the axial wall thickness distribution curve of cylinder base, b is for locating along the axial wall thickness distribution curve of cylinder base apart from a180 °;
In step 6 enlarging be shaped after the compound bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the titanium alloy member Thickness Distribution of straight tube-expansion segment as shown in Figure 6, wherein a is that cylinder base any place is along the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the compound titanium alloy of straight tube-expansion segment members shaft to Thickness Distribution curve, b is for locating along the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the compound titanium alloy of straight tube-expansion segment members shaft to Thickness Distribution curve apart from a180 °, as can be seen from Figure 6 two curves substantially overlap and graded little, illustrate that the compound bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of the wall thickness such as the titanium alloy member integrated evenness of wall thickness of test straight tube-expansion segment of two is high.
In sum, this test tool has the following advantages: the whole evenness of wall thickness of the compound bent bus part of straight tube-expansion segment 1. obtaining is high; When 2. slowing down enlarging and being shaped, the oral area generation trend of defect of breaking, improves expanding coefficient; 3. adopt spinning mode to become wall thickness base, and through online eddy-current heating compression flare be shaped can obtain integrated welding seam-free etc. wall thickness revolving body workpieces; 4. with respect to multistage volume welding structure, can significantly improve the overall performance of the bent bus thin-walled revolution workpiece of titanium alloy member.
Claims (10)
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| CN113020423A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Forming method of dissimilar metal laminated thin-wall cylindrical part |
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| CN113020423A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Forming method of dissimilar metal laminated thin-wall cylindrical part |
| CN113458248A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-10-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Necking and flaring mixed forming method for conical barrel part with straight barrel |
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