CN110552677B - Mine type coal underground gasification furnace and gasification method - Google Patents
Mine type coal underground gasification furnace and gasification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110552677B CN110552677B CN201910836067.1A CN201910836067A CN110552677B CN 110552677 B CN110552677 B CN 110552677B CN 201910836067 A CN201910836067 A CN 201910836067A CN 110552677 B CN110552677 B CN 110552677B
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 244
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
Abstract
The invention discloses a mine type coal underground gasification furnace and a gasification method, wherein the mine type coal underground gasification furnace comprises a mine main roadway, the gasification furnace is provided with a plurality of furnace plate areas, the furnace plate areas are arranged along two sides of the mine main roadway, each furnace plate area comprises an operation roadway and a return air roadway which are arranged in parallel at intervals along one side of the mine main roadway, a communication roadway communicated with the operation roadway and the return air roadway is arranged between the operation roadway and the return air roadway, and the communication roadway is parallel to the mine main roadway; the coal mine underground gasification furnace tray area is horizontally surrounded by the mine main lane, the operation lane, the return air lane and the connecting lane, and the coal mine underground gasification furnace tray area is reserved with the coal pillar separating walls around the gasification area, so that the safety of the gasification process is ensured, and a plurality of gasification working surfaces are arranged in one gasification furnace tray, so that the productivity of the gasification furnace is improved. The operation chamber is constructed in the operation lane, the continuous gas injection device is placed underground, and the continuous gas pipe winch is operated on the ground, so that the continuous backward of the underground gas injection point is realized, and the stability of the gasification process is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal resource recovery and development and utilization, in particular to a mine type underground coal gasifier and a gasification method, which are underground gasification exploitation technologies of mine abandoned coal resources and are suitable for production of chemical synthesis gas and medium-heat value coal gas.
Background
The abandoned mine coal resource refers to a part of coal which can be utilized in the underground mining process of the coal bed but is lost underground and cannot be extracted, and the abandoned coal resource of the mine in China reaches 240 hundred million tons at present.
Along with mine waste and exit, a large number of ground and underground facilities are idle, underground coal gasification is carried out by utilizing the underground facilities of the mine, old mine abandoned coal resources can be recovered, and the utilization rate and the utilization level of the coal resources in China are improved. For this reason, a scheme for gasifying and utilizing the abandoned well is urgently needed. The prior art CN103277082A discloses a gas injection point retreating type coal underground gasification system and a process, and the scheme has the defects that although an underground gasification furnace is built by a roadway method and retreating gas injection is adopted, the scheme is that:
(1) The multi-pipe back gas injection is adopted, and the pipe is manually replaced after being put into the well, so that continuous back gas injection cannot be realized, and the work is unsafe;
(2) The gasification furnace has only one gasification working surface, and the single furnace yield is small;
(3) The gasifier is not provided with a temperature measuring system, and the operation index is not clear;
(4) The coal pillar and the monitoring system are not safely protected, and the safety cannot be ensured for mine type gasification.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mine type coal underground gasifier and a gasification method, which are a system and a method for realizing energy recovery by gasifying a waste coal seam by utilizing the existing main roadway.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
the underground coal gasifier comprises a mine main roadway, a plurality of stove plate areas, and a plurality of stove plate areas, wherein the stove plate areas are arranged along two sides of the mine main roadway; the mine main lane, the operation lane, the return air lane and the connecting lane horizontally enclose a coal seam underground gasification furnace plate area, a plurality of gasification channels are arranged between the mine main lane and the connecting lane, the gasification channels are mutually arranged in parallel at intervals, the tail ends of the gasification channels are communicated with the operation lane, an operation chamber is respectively arranged in the operation lane corresponding to each gasification channel, a coil pipe machine is arranged in the operation chamber, water injection and air pipes from an air injection station are paved in the gasification channels through the coil pipe machine, the coil pipe machine is used for water injection and air pipe back injection, the head end of the gasification channel is connected with an air collecting channel, the air collecting channel is horizontally arranged perpendicular to the gasification channels, an air outlet lane is arranged between the gasification channels and the mine main lane, the air outlet lanes are arranged in parallel adjacent to the mine main lane, the air outlet channels are communicated with the air collecting channels, coal piles are respectively arranged in the air outlet lanes and the air collecting channels in an interval staggering way, and the coal piles which are arranged in the staggering way form disturbance to the coal gas flowing through, the side wall of the connecting roadway is provided with a plurality of temperature detection holes facing the gasification channel, the plurality of temperature detection holes are arranged at intervals along the gasification channel, the temperature detection holes are provided with a plurality of first temperature sensors at intervals back and forth, the first temperature sensors are used for monitoring the outward burning width of a coal bed from the gasification channel, the gas collecting channel and the gas outlet roadway are provided with second temperature sensors at intervals along the gas flowing direction, the outlet ends of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe are provided with third temperature sensors, the gas in the gas outlet roadway is conveyed to a ground storage station through a gas outlet pipeline communicated with the gas outlet roadway through a mine main roadway, an ignition chamber is arranged at the connecting port of the head end of the gasification channel and the gas collecting channel, a flammable material is piled up in the ignition chamber according to a discharge igniter, a control station is arranged on the ground, the temperature sensor signal, igniter control signal, and coiler control signal are connected to the control station.
The scheme is further as follows: the water injection pipe and the air pipe are double-layer pipes, the outer-layer pipe is sleeved with the inner-layer pipe through a support, the inner-layer pipe is ventilated, and the outer-layer pipe is filled with water.
The scheme is further as follows: and after the water injection pipe and the air pipe are paved in the fusible support pipe, the gasification channel is filled and blocked by scattered coal, and a sealing and blocking wall with the thickness of at least 20 meters is arranged at the tail end of the gasification channel.
The scheme is further as follows: the two sides of the gasification channels are respectively provided with a gasification working face, a gasification working face isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the adjacent gasification working faces of two adjacent gasification channels, a safety isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the connecting roadway and the adjacent gasification working face, a safety isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the air outlet roadway and the mine main roadway, the gas collection channel is characterized in that a safe isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the gas outlet channel and a gasification working surface adjacent to the gas outlet channel, a safe isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the gas collection channel and the gas return channel, the width of the gasification working surface is 5 to 15 times of the thickness of a coal bed, the thickness of the isolation coal pillar wall of the gasification working surface is 3 to 5 times of the thickness of the coal bed, and the thickness of the safe isolation coal pillar wall is 5 to 10 times of the thickness of the coal bed.
The scheme is further as follows: the water injection pipe and the air pipe are paved in the gasification channel at a distance of 0.3 meter to 1 meter from the bottom surface of the coal bed.
The scheme is further as follows: the distance between the coal piles is 10-20 m, the cross-sectional area of the coal piles in the gas collecting channel is one half of the cross-sectional area of the gas collecting channel, and the cross-sectional area of the coal piles in the gas outlet channel is one half of the cross-sectional area of the gas outlet channel.
The scheme is further as follows: the spacing distance between the second temperature sensors arranged in the gas collecting channel and the gas outlet lane along the gas flowing direction is 20-50 m.
The scheme is further as follows: h is arranged in a return air lane, a connecting lane, an operation lane and a mine main lane 2 、CO、CH 4 The monitoring point and the visual probe are used for monitoring the leakage of the coal gas in the gasification process.
The gasification method based on the mine type coal underground gasification furnace comprises static pressure test detection, dynamic pressure test detection and production process control, wherein:
the static pressure test detection is as follows: opening a water injection and air pipe air inlet valve of the gasification furnace, closing an air outlet valve at an outlet of a gas outlet pipeline, injecting nitrogen or air into the furnace, recording the pressure rising rate of the gasification furnace, closing the air inlet valve when the pressure of the furnace body rises to 0.05-1.0 MPa, maintaining the pressure, recording the pressure falling rate, and if the pressure falling rate is not more than 2kPa/min, passing or not passing;
the dynamic pressure test detection is as follows: opening the gas outlet valve of the water injection pipe, the gas inlet pipe and the gas outlet pipe of the gasifier, injecting nitrogen or air into the gasifier, recording the flow and the difference of the inlet and outlet of the nitrogen or air, calculating the leakage of the gasifier, and if the relative leakage rate of the gasifier is less than 1%, passing the gasifier, otherwise, not passing the gasifier;
the production process control is as follows:
and (3) igniting:
is filled with water and air pipe and 21-30% of the waterThe outlet of the oxygen air and gas outlet pipeline is connected with a diffusing pipe, and the inlet flow of the water pipe and the gas pipe is adjusted to be 500 m 3 /h, and detecting CH in the outlet gas 4 、H 2 Starting ignition until the content of CO reaches a set value smaller than the explosion limit value of the mixed gas;
measuring the composition and heat value of the export gas, and measuring O in the export gas 2 、CH 4 、H 2 、CO、CO 2 Content, measuring the temperature of ignition chamber in gasifier, when the temperature of ignition chamber is above 600 deg.C, O in gas at gas outlet 2 The content is lower than 0.1 percent, and the heat value of the gas is higher than 2.5 MJ/m 3 Or the combustible gas component CH in the outlet gas 4 +H 2 When +CO is more than 20%, the ignition is successful;
secondly, running:
the first step: increasing the injection amount of oxygen-enriched air, adjusting the water injection flow to maintain the outlet temperature of the gas injection pipe to be less than 600 ℃ until the outlet gas component reaches a preset value, connecting the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline to a gas storage tank, monitoring the gas component at the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline and the outlet end temperatures of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe in real time, and obtaining the effective component CH of the outlet gas when the outlet gas is 4 +H 2 When +CO is more than 60% of the preset value, maintaining the gas-water ratio of injection gasification;
and a second step of: when the effective components of the outlet gas are less than 60% of the preset value, starting the gas injection point to retreat, starting the coiler to retreat the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe, synchronously monitoring the temperature of the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe, and when the temperature of the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe is equal to or lower than 100 ℃, stopping the coiler to retreat;
and a third step of: adjusting the injection quantity of the oxygen-enriched air, monitoring the gas components at the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline until reaching a preset value, and finishing water injection and primary retreating at the outlet end of the gas pipe;
fourth step: and returning to the second step until the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the air pipe retreats to a set retreating distance.
The scheme is further as follows: when the static pressure test or the dynamic pressure test does not pass: injecting SF-containing material into the furnace 6 The nitrogen or air of the gas passing through SF 6 And detecting gas to find out leakage points, and grouting the leakage points for sealing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. and the periphery of the gasification zone is provided with coal pillar isolation walls, so that the safety of the gasification process is ensured.
2. A plurality of gasification working surfaces are arranged in one gasification furnace tray, so that the productivity of the gasification furnace is improved.
3. And an operation chamber is constructed in an operation lane, a continuous gas injection device is placed underground, and a continuous gas pipe winch is operated on the ground, so that the continuous backward of an underground gas injection point is realized, and the stability of the gasification process is improved.
4. The gas collection channel and the gas outlet channel are used for collecting the gas with multiple working surfaces, so that the investment for building the furnace is reduced, and meanwhile, the coal pile in the gas collection channel and the gas outlet channel participates in gasification reaction, so that the effective components of the gas are improved.
5. And a temperature thermocouple is arranged in the isolating coal pillar wall, the gas collecting channel and the gas outlet lane, so that the expansion width and the moving speed of the gasification working face are mastered.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an underground gasifier;
fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a furnace tray area.
Detailed Description
A mine type coal underground gasification furnace, a system for realizing energy recovery by gasifying waste coal beds by utilizing the existing main roadway, as shown in figure 1, comprises the existing mine main roadway 1, wherein the mine main roadway can be original or newly excavated; the gasification furnace is provided with a plurality of furnace plate areas 2, the ground control station 3 is used for controlling the plurality of furnace plate areas in a centralized way, the ground control station is provided with a gas storage station and a gas injection water injection source station, the plurality of furnace plate areas are arranged along two sides of a mine main roadway, wherein, as shown in figure 2, the furnace plate areas comprise an operation roadway 4 and a return roadway 5 which are arranged in parallel at intervals along one side of the mine main roadway, a communication roadway 6 communicated with the operation roadway and the return roadway is arranged between the operation roadway and the return roadway, and the communication roadway 6 is parallel to the mine main roadway 1; the underground coal seam gasification furnace is characterized in that a rectangular coal seam underground gasification furnace tray area is horizontally surrounded by a mine main roadway, an operation roadway, a return air roadway and a connecting roadway, a plurality of gasification channels 7 are excavated between the mine main roadway and the connecting roadway, the gasification channels can be arranged in a plurality of modes, such as 3, 4 or more, the gasification channels are arranged in parallel at intervals, the tail end of each gasification channel 7 is communicated with the operation roadway 4, an operation chamber 8 is respectively arranged in the operation roadway corresponding to each gasification channel, a coiler 9 is arranged in the operation chamber, water injection and air pipes 10 from an air injection station are paved in the gasification channels through the coiler, the coiler is connected with the coiler 9 through a main pipe branch pipe 10-1 and used for water injection and air pipe backward injection, the water injection and air pipes in the gasification channels are supported by a fusible sleeve or supported by a wood bracket in the gasification channels at a distance of 0.3 m to 1 m from the bottom surface of the coal seam, and the fusible sleeve can be a glass pipe. The head end of the gasification channel is connected with a gas collecting channel 11, the gas collecting channel is horizontally perpendicular to the gasification channel, a gas outlet channel 12 is arranged between the gasification channel and a mine main roadway, the gas outlet channel is adjacent to the mine main roadway 1 in parallel, the gas outlet channel is communicated with the gas collecting channel, the section of the gas collecting channel is smaller than that of the gas outlet channel, 0.5m thick float coal is paved at the bottoms of the gas collecting channel and the gas outlet channel, coal piles 13 are respectively arranged in the gas outlet channel and the gas collecting channel at intervals in a staggered mode, the staggered coal piles form disturbance to the flowing coal gas flow, the interval distance between the coal piles is 10 meters to 20 meters, the section area of the coal piles in the gas collecting channel is one half of the section area of the gas collecting channel, and the section area of the coal piles in the gas outlet channel is one half of the section area of the gas outlet channel.
The side wall of the connecting roadway is provided with a plurality of temperature detection holes 14 facing the gasification channel, the plurality of temperature detection holes are arranged at intervals along the gasification channel, the top end of each temperature detection hole is close to the gasification channel to about 2 meters, the temperature detection holes are internally provided with a plurality of first temperature sensors 14-1 at intervals of 1-3 m from inside to outside, the plurality of first temperature sensors 14-1 are used for monitoring the burning width of a coal bed outwards from the gasification channel, the gas collecting channel and the gas outlet roadway are internally provided with second temperature sensors at intervals along the gas flow direction, and the interval distance of the second temperature sensors is 20-50 m.
The gas in the gas outlet lane is conveyed to a ground storage station through a mine main lane by a gas outlet pipeline 15 communicated with the gas outlet lane, an ignition chamber 16 is arranged at a connection port of the head end of the gasification channel and the gas collecting channel, an igniter is arranged in the ignition chamber and comprises a 1000-2000W resistance wire wound wood stick, inflammable materials are piled on the igniter, the igniter wire is provided with a mine lane to be led to the ground, and a control station is arranged on the ground, and temperature sensor signals, igniter control signals and coiler control signals are connected to the control station.
Wherein: the water injection pipe and the air pipe are double-layer pipes, the outer layer pipe is sleeved with the inner layer pipe through a support, the inner layer pipe is ventilated, the outer layer pipe is filled with water, besides the inner layer pipe is cooled, water mist is formed together with high oxygen-containing gas, and the water mist is sprayed into the furnace.
After laying a meltable support pipe in a gasification channel and laying a water injection pipe and an air pipe in the meltable support pipe, the gasification channel is filled and blocked by scattered coal, and at least a sealing blocking wall 701 with the thickness of 20 meters, which is connected with two side isolation coal pillar walls into a whole, is arranged at the tail end of the gasification channel.
In the examples: the two sides of the gasification channels are respectively provided with gasification working surfaces 17 and 18, a gasification working surface isolation coal pillar wall 19 is reserved between the adjacent gasification working surfaces of the two adjacent gasification channels, a safety isolation coal pillar wall 20 is reserved between the connecting roadway and the adjacent gasification working surfaces, a safety isolation coal pillar wall 21 is reserved between the air outlet roadway and the mine main roadway, a safety isolation coal pillar wall 22 is reserved between the air outlet roadway and the adjacent gasification working surfaces, a safety isolation coal pillar wall 23 is reserved between the air collecting channel and the air return roadway, the width of the gasification working surfaces is 5 to 15 times of the coal seam thickness, the gasification working surface isolation coal pillar wall thickness is 3 to 5 times of the coal seam thickness, and the safety isolation coal pillar wall thickness is 5 to 10 times of the coal seam thickness.
In the examples: the operation lane and the operation chamber require permanent support, are hung with a net for spraying slurry, and are arranged with H in a return air lane, a connecting lane, an operation lane and a mine main lane 2 、CO、CH 4 The monitoring point and the visual probe are used for monitoring the leakage of the coal gas in the gasification process.
The gasification method based on the mine type coal underground gasification furnace comprises static pressure test detection, dynamic pressure test detection and production process control, wherein:
the static pressure test detection is as follows: simultaneously performing static pressure relief tests on a plurality of gasification channels, opening a water injection valve and an air inlet valve of an air pipe of the gasification furnace, closing an air outlet valve at an outlet of a gas outlet pipeline, injecting nitrogen or air into the furnace, recording the pressure rising rate of the gasification furnace, closing the air inlet valve when the pressure of the furnace body rises to 0.05-1.0 MPa, maintaining the pressure, recording the pressure falling rate, and if the pressure falling rate is not more than 2kPa/min, the gas passes or does not pass; in the test, soapy water is used for checking the leakage condition between the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe, the drain pipe and the sealing wall, detecting the leakage condition at the positions of the flange, the thermocouple, the pressure gauge, the outlet line hole of the sampling point and the like, finding out the place with serious air leakage, carrying out depressurization treatment, and repeating the test after the treatment is finished. The gasification furnace is boosted to 0.05-1.0 MPa, the air inlet is closed, the pressure drop rate is recorded, and the pressure drop rate of the gasification furnace is required to be not more than 2kPa/min. If the pressure drop rate of the gasification furnace is found to be too fast, SF is carried out on the gasification furnace 6 Trace gas test.
The dynamic pressure test detection is as follows: the method comprises the steps of measuring the dynamic leakage rate of the gasification furnace, opening an air outlet valve of a water injection pipe, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe of the gasification furnace, injecting nitrogen or air into the gasification furnace, recording the flow and the difference of the inlet and outlet of the nitrogen or air, and calculating the leakage rate of the gasification furnace, wherein when the relative leakage rate of the gasification furnace is less than 1%, the gasification furnace passes, otherwise, the gasification furnace does not pass; and observing the pressure change of the gasification furnace in and out and the furnace body in the test. The blast volume of the cold state test is determined to be above the designed gas injection volume, and the relative leakage rate of the gasification furnace is calculated:
wherein: η—relative leakage rate of gasifier,%;
Q in -intake flow, m 3 /h；
Q out Flow of out gas, m 3 /h。
When the relative leakage rate of the gasification furnace is less than 1%, the method can enter the ignition stage, and if the average relative leakage rate of the gasification furnace is more than 1%, trace gas test is needed to know the leakage direction of the gas
SF 6 Trace gas test
SF 6 The gas does not take part in any chemical reaction, and contains trace SF in the gas flow 6 It can be measured by chromatography and is therefore commonly used as a tracer gas. At a certain moment, a certain amount of SF is injected from the inlet air 6 Gas, SF 6 After mixing with the gasifying agent, it flows with the gasifying agent, and it will flow and diffuse with the airflow. When trace gas test is performed in a certain gasifier, sampling detection is performed on all the sealing walls along with the approach, sampling is performed in the goaf if necessary, and if SF is detected near the sealing walls or in the roadway 6 And (3) carrying out grouting treatment on the closed wall again or making a stricter return air scheme according to the situation. If SF is detected in goaf 6 The trace gas is needed to control the coal seam gasification rate of the corresponding gasification furnace.
The production process control is as follows:
and (3) igniting:
when the mine gasifier is constructed, the igniter is formed by winding 1000-2000W resistance wire around a stick, and is covered with inflammable material, and the igniter wires are led to the ground through mine tunnels, and a plurality of rows of wires are required to be ignited synchronously. Since the oxygen concentration is preferably 30% at the time of ignition, the oxygen concentration is first adjusted to 30% on the ground, and the ground oxygen generator is required to have the capability of adjusting the oxygen concentration.
The water injection and air pipe are used for injecting 21-30% of oxygen-enriched air, the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline is connected with a diffusing pipe, and the air inlet flow of the water pipe and the air pipe is adjusted to be 500 m 3 /h, and detecting CH in the outlet gas 4 、H 2 Starting ignition until the content of CO reaches a set value smaller than the explosion limit value of the mixed gas; wherein: the mixed gasThe explosion limit value can be calculated by a calculation formula and a method, and is divided into a lower limit value and an upper limit value, which are known in the industry, and the effective gas concentration is usually calculated by the following steps: coal-fired gas component CH 4 +H 2 When +CO reaches 15%, the lower limit value of the explosion of the mixed gas is set, and 50% of the lower limit value is set as the starting ignition value.
Measuring the composition and heat value of the export gas, and measuring O in the export gas 2 、CH 4 、H 2 、CO、CO 2 Content, measuring the temperature of ignition chamber in gasifier, when the temperature of ignition chamber is above 600 deg.C, O in gas at gas outlet 2 The content is lower than 0.1 percent, and the heat value of the gas is higher than 2.5 MJ/m 3 （600 kcal/ m 3 ) Or the combustible gas component H in the outlet gas 2 +CO+CH 4 When the ignition rate is more than 20%, the ignition is successful;
the inlet air flow rate of each gasification channel is increased to 100 m each time 3 And/h, finally, the design flow of each gasification channel is reached, and after each flow is increased for 1h, O in the outlet gas is detected 2 、CH 4 、H 2 The content of CO and the content, and observing the temperature of an ignition area, when the temperature of the ignition area continuously rises, O in gas at a gas outlet 2 And when the content is close to zero, the gas injection amount is increased, otherwise, the previous gas injection amount is maintained until the oxygen content in the outlet gas is less than 0.5%, and then the gas inlet flow is increased.
The gas injection amount is increased to the designed gas injection amount by the above steps while maintaining the oxygen concentration of 21 to 30%.
And after the ignition of the gasification furnace is successful, all parameter measurement is started, the parameters enter a data acquisition system, and the gasification furnace enters a debugging stage.
The temperature sensor arranged in the gas injection pipe outlet and the gas collecting channel, the gas component detection equipment of the gasification furnace outlet and the ground gas station detect the temperature change of the gasification area and the component change of the produced gas, the gasification furnace is debugged, the oxygen concentration is regulated to the design concentration (such as 80% -100%) when the gasification furnace is debugged, the water injection flow is regulated to the design value, the temperature of the gas injection pipe outlet is maintained to be less than 600 ℃, and the gas component reaches the design value.
Secondly, running:
the first step: increasing the injection amount of oxygen-enriched air, adjusting the water injection flow to maintain the outlet temperature of the gas injection pipe to be less than 600 ℃ until the outlet gas component reaches a preset value, connecting the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline to a gas storage tank, monitoring the gas component at the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline and the outlet end temperatures of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe in real time, and obtaining the effective component CH of the outlet gas when the outlet gas is 4 +H 2 When +CO is more than 60% of the preset value, maintaining the gas-water ratio of injection gasification; wherein: when the oxygen-enriched flow reaches the designed production value, detecting an outlet gas component, continuously injecting oxygen-enriched when the hydrogen content in the gas component is more than 30%, starting a water pump to inject water when the hydrogen content in the gas component is less than 30% and the CO content is more than 10%, gradually increasing the water injection amount, and controlling the volume ratio of the gas amount to the water amount to be (300-669): 1, a step of;
and a second step of: when the effective components of the outlet gas are less than 60% of the preset value, starting the gas injection point to retreat, starting the coiler to retreat the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe, synchronously monitoring the temperature of the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe, and when the temperature of the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe is equal to or lower than 100 ℃, stopping the coiler to retreat;
and a third step of: adjusting the injection quantity of the oxygen-enriched air, monitoring the gas components at the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline until reaching a preset value, and finishing water injection and primary retreating at the outlet end of the gas pipe;
fourth step: returning to the second step until the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the air pipe retreats to a set retreating distance, and generally retreating to a sealing partition wall of the gasification channel, namely: safety isolation wall department.
Wherein: when the static pressure test or the dynamic pressure test does not pass: injecting SF-containing material into the furnace 6 Nitrogen of gas, by passing through SF 6 And detecting gas to find out leakage points, and grouting the leakage points for sealing.
The gasification furnace is also provided with a gasification furnace debugging stage before running after ignition is successful, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Detecting the composition of the gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace, and when the gas is dischargedO in the air 2 When the content is less than 0.5%, the gas injection oxygen concentration is adjusted from the ground to 40% from 30%.
(2) After 5 hours interval, detecting the gas composition at the gas outlet, and when O in the gas is discharged 2 When the content is more than 0.5%, the original oxygen concentration is maintained, the oxygen content in the outlet gas is continuously measured, and when the oxygen content in the outlet gas is O 2 When the content is less than 0.5%, the oxygen concentration is increased to 50% again;
(3) After 5 hours interval, detecting the gas component of the gas outlet again, and when O in the gas outlet 2 When the content is more than 0.5%, the original oxygen concentration is maintained, the oxygen content in the outlet gas is continuously measured, and when the oxygen content in the outlet gas is O 2 When the content is less than 0.5%, the oxygen concentration is increased to 60% again;
(4) Similarly, the oxygen concentration is gradually adjusted to a design value (e.g., 80% to 100%). And when the oxygen concentration is increased, measuring the outlet temperature of the gas injection pipe, and when the outlet temperature of the gas injection pipe is higher than 600 ℃, starting water injection, and keeping the outlet temperature of the gas injection pipe lower than 600 ℃.
(5) Continuously detecting oxygen content in the outlet gas, and when O in the outlet gas 2 When the content is always less than 0.1%, the gas main pipe valve is opened, the diffusing valve is closed, the induced draft fan is started, and gas is supplied to the gas purifying system.
Claims (8)
1. The underground coal gasifier of a mine type, set up in the coal seam area, including the mine gallery (1), the gasifier has multiple stove plate areas (2), multiple stove plate areas set up along the both sides of the mine gallery, characterized by, the said stove plate area (2) includes the operation lane (4) and return air lane (5) that set up in parallel along a side interval of the mine gallery, there are communicating connecting lanes (6) with it between operation lane (4) and return air lane (5), connecting lanes (6) are parallel to the mine gallery (1); the mine main roadway (1), the operation roadway (4), the return roadway (5) and the connecting roadway (6) are horizontally enclosed to form a coal seam underground gasification furnace tray area (2), a plurality of gasification channels (7) are arranged between the mine main roadway (1) and the connecting roadway (6), the gasification channels are arranged in parallel at intervals, the tail ends of the gasification channels are communicated with the operation roadway, an operation chamber (8) is respectively arranged in the operation roadway corresponding to each gasification channel, a coil pipe machine (9) is arranged in the operation chamber (8), water injection and air pipes (10) from an air injection station are paved in the gasification channels through the coil pipe machine (9), the coil pipe machine is used for injecting water and air pipes for retreating water injection, and the head end of the gasification channels is connected with an air collecting channel (11), the gas collecting channel is horizontally and vertically arranged, a gas outlet lane (12) is arranged between the gasification channel (7) and the mine main lane (1), the gas outlet lane is arranged adjacent to the mine main lane in parallel, the gas outlet lane (12) is communicated with the gas collecting channel (11), coal piles (13) are respectively arranged in the gas outlet lane and the gas collecting channel at intervals in a staggered way, the coal piles which are arranged in the staggered way form disturbance to the flowing coal gas, temperature detection holes (14) are arranged on the side wall of the connecting lane (6) facing the gasification channel (7), the temperature detection holes are multiple, the temperature detection holes are arranged at intervals along the gasification channel, a plurality of first temperature sensors (14-1) are arranged in the temperature detection holes at intervals front and back, the first temperature sensors are used for monitoring the burning width of the coal seam outwards from the gasification channel, the second temperature sensors are arranged in the gas collecting channel and the gas outlet lane at intervals along the gas flowing direction, the third temperature sensors are arranged at the outlet ends of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe, the gas in the gas outlet lane is conveyed to a ground storage station through a gas outlet pipeline (15) communicated with the gas outlet lane through a mine main lane, an ignition chamber (16) is arranged at the connection port of the head end of the gasification channel and the gas collecting channel, an igniter is arranged in the ignition chamber according to discharge, inflammable materials are accumulated on the igniter, and a control station is arranged on the ground, wherein a temperature sensor signal, an igniter control signal and a coiler control signal are connected to the control station;
the water injection pipe and the air pipe are double-layer pipes, the outer-layer pipe is sleeved with the inner-layer pipe through a support, the inner-layer pipe is ventilated, and the outer-layer pipe is filled with water;
and after the water injection pipe and the air pipe are paved in the fusible support pipe, the gasification channel is filled and blocked by scattered coal, and a sealing and blocking wall with the thickness of at least 20 meters is arranged at the tail end of the gasification channel.
2. The mine type coal underground gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein gasification working surfaces are respectively reserved on two sides of the gasification channels, a gasification working surface isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between adjacent gasification working surfaces of two adjacent gasification channels, a safety isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the connecting roadway and the adjacent gasification working surfaces, a safety isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the gas outlet roadway and a mine main roadway, a safety isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the gas outlet roadway and the adjacent gasification working surfaces, a safety isolation coal pillar wall is reserved between the gas collecting channel and the air return roadway, the width of the gasification working surfaces is 5 to 15 times of the thickness of a coal seam, the thickness of the gasification working surface isolation coal pillar wall is 3 to 5 times of the thickness of the coal seam, and the thickness of the safety isolation coal pillar wall is 5 to 10 times of the thickness of the coal seam.
3. The mine-type coal underground gasification furnace of claim 1, wherein the water injection and gas pipe is laid in the gasification channel at a distance of 0.3 m to 1 m from the bottom surface of the coal bed.
4. The mine type coal underground gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the coal pile is arranged at a distance of 10 m to 20 m, the cross-sectional area of the coal pile in the gas collecting channel is one half of the cross-sectional area of the gas collecting channel, and the cross-sectional area of the coal pile in the gas outlet channel is one half of the cross-sectional area of the gas outlet channel.
5. The mine type coal underground gasification furnace of claim 1, wherein the spacing distance of the second temperature sensors arranged at intervals along the gas flow direction in the gas collecting channel and the gas outlet lane is 20-50 m.
6. The mine type coal underground gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein H is arranged in a return air passage, a connecting passage, an operating passage and a mine main passage 2 、CO、CH 4 The monitoring point and the visual probe are used for monitoring the leakage of the coal gas in the gasification process.
7. A gasification method based on the mine type coal underground gasification furnace of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising static pressure test detection, dynamic pressure test detection and production process control, and is characterized in that:
the static pressure test detection is as follows: opening a water injection and air pipe air inlet valve of the gasification furnace, closing an air outlet valve at an outlet of a gas outlet pipeline, injecting nitrogen or air into the furnace, recording the pressure rising rate of the gasification furnace, closing the air inlet valve when the pressure of the furnace body rises to 0.05-1.0 MPa, maintaining the pressure, recording the pressure falling rate, and if the pressure falling rate is not more than 2kPa/min, passing or not passing;
the dynamic pressure test detection is as follows: opening the gas outlet valve of the water injection pipe, the gas inlet pipe and the gas outlet pipe of the gasifier, injecting nitrogen or air into the gasifier, recording the flow and the difference of the inlet and outlet of the nitrogen or air, calculating the leakage of the gasifier, and when the relative leakage rate of the gasifier is less than 1%, passing the gasifier, or else not passing the gasifier;
the production process control is as follows:
1. and (3) ignition:
the water injection and air pipe are used for injecting 21-30% of oxygen-enriched air, the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline is connected with a diffusing pipe, and the air inlet flow of the water pipe and the air pipe is adjusted to be 500 m 3 /h, and detecting CH in the outlet gas 4 、H 2 Starting ignition until the content of CO reaches a set value smaller than the explosion limit value of the mixed gas;
measuring the composition and heat value of the export gas, and measuring O in the export gas 2 、CH 4 、H 2 、CO、CO 2 Content, measuring the temperature of ignition chamber in gasifier, when the temperature of ignition chamber is above 600 deg.C, O in gas at gas outlet 2 The content is lower than 0.1 percent, and the heat value of the gas is higher than 2.5 MJ/m 3 Or the combustible gas component CH in the outlet gas 4 +H 2 When +CO is more than 20%, the ignition is successful;
2. and (3) running:
the first step: increasing the injection amount of oxygen-enriched air, adjusting the injection flow to maintain the outlet temperature of the gas injection pipe to be less than 600 ℃ until the outlet gas components reach a preset value, and connecting the outlet of the gas outlet pipelineThe gas storage tank monitors the gas component at the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline and the outlet end temperature of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe in real time, and when the gas component CH is an effective component of the outlet gas 4 +H 2 When +CO is more than 60% of the preset value, maintaining the gas-water ratio of injection gasification;
and a second step of: when the effective gas component of the outlet coal is less than 60% of a preset value, starting a gas injection point to retreat, starting a coiler to retreat the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe, synchronously monitoring the temperature of the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe, and stopping the coiler to retreat when the temperature of the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the gas pipe is equal to or lower than 100 ℃;
and a third step of: adjusting the injection quantity of the oxygen-enriched air, monitoring the gas components at the outlet of the gas outlet pipeline until reaching a preset value, and finishing water injection and primary retreating at the outlet end of the gas pipe;
fourth step: and returning to the second step until the outlet end of the water injection pipe and the air pipe retreats to a set retreating distance.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein when the static pressure test or dynamic pressure test fails: injecting SF-containing material into the furnace 6 The nitrogen or air of the gas passing through SF 6 And detecting gas to find out leakage points, and grouting the leakage points for sealing.
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| CN113073967B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2023-04-28 | 山东科技大学 | Channel arrangement mode for in-situ conversion hydrogen production of coal seam and hydrogen production method |
| CN117150708B (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2024-02-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Inversion prediction method, system and storage medium for overlying strata temperature field under coal gasification |
| CN116575900B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-09-15 | 太原理工大学 | In-situ coal partition controllable gasification hydrogen production and CO 2 Sealing and storing integrated method |
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