CN110552616A - Liquid phase discharge shock wave drilling device - Google Patents
Liquid phase discharge shock wave drilling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110552616A CN110552616A CN201910903035.9A CN201910903035A CN110552616A CN 110552616 A CN110552616 A CN 110552616A CN 201910903035 A CN201910903035 A CN 201910903035A CN 110552616 A CN110552616 A CN 110552616A
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- electrode
- pulse generator
- fluid outlet
- section
- electric pulse
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid phase discharge shock wave drilling device which comprises a shell provided with a fluid inlet section and a fluid outlet section, wherein a liquid electric pulse generator is arranged in the shell and comprises a hollow body, a central flow channel is formed in the middle of the body, a flow guide port is formed in the upper portion of the body, a fluid outlet is formed in the lower portion of the body, a first electrode and a second electrode are arranged between the two electrodes, an electrode gap is formed between the two electrodes, the middle point of the electrode gap is located right below the central flow channel, a rotary parabolic cavity is formed in the fluid outlet, a section of the rotary parabolic cavity is provided with a section parabola of the rotary parabolic cavity, the vertex of the parabola is taken as the origin, the central axis of the shell is taken as the y axis, the central axis perpendicular to the shell is taken as the x axis, the parabola equation is taken as y-ax 2, and a is a constant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of auxiliary drilling equipment, in particular to a liquid-phase discharge shock wave drilling device.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
The drilling and production technology is faced with the object of a downhole system (from the wellbore to the formation) which is characterized by small borehole, deep formation, complex downhole conditions, poor visibility, and only downhole drilling and production tools can be brought into closest proximity to the object of operation. Therefore, new drilling and production technology is required to perform fine operation on the downhole system, and only a downhole drilling and production tool is used.
The need to develop advanced drilling and production technology has led to the creation of new downhole drilling and production tools; the implementation of new drilling and production technology must also rely on downhole drilling and production tools that are well-performing and reliable in operation. And the latter innovation will in turn further advance the revolution in the drilling and production technology.
the traditional drilling mode has the problems of low efficiency and the like in the process of energy transmission, conversion, distribution and utilization in the drilling process. Although the rotary percussion drilling and the downhole pressurized drilling can improve the mechanical drilling speed to different degrees, the rotary percussion drilling and the downhole pressurized drilling cannot be used on a large scale on site because of the poor service life and stability. The pulse jet assisted drilling technology has certain effect on site but has certain limitation due to short service life.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one defect in the prior art, the invention provides a liquid phase discharge shock wave drilling device which can generate pulsating pressure in a drill string, so that a nozzle outlet of a drill bit generates pulsating pressure flow to impact a well bottom in a fluctuating pressure mode, the stress condition of a well bottom flow field and rock is improved, the pressure holding effect is reduced, the rock breaking is assisted, the mechanical drilling speed is increased, and the drilling cost is saved.
The embodiment of the application discloses a liquid phase discharge shock wave drilling device which comprises a shell, wherein the shell is a hollow cylinder and is provided with a first end and a second end which are opposite, a fluid inlet section is arranged at a position close to the first end, a fluid outlet section is arranged at a position close to the second end, a liquid electric pulse generator is arranged between the fluid inlet section and the fluid outlet section, the liquid electric pulse generator comprises a hollow body, a central flow channel is formed in the middle of the body, a flow guide port for communicating the central flow channel with the fluid inlet section is formed in the upper portion of the body, a fluid outlet for communicating the central flow channel with the fluid outlet section is formed in the lower portion of the body, a first electrode and a second electrode are electrically communicated with an electric pulse power supply device, an electrode gap is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the midpoint of the electrode gap is located right below the central flow channel, a rotating parabolic cavity is formed in the fluid outlet, a parabolic cross section of the rotating parabolic cavity is formed in the rotating parabolic cavity, the vertex of the rotating parabolic cavity is taken as a central axis 35a y axis, and the origin of the shell is taken as a central axis, wherein the central axis 35a y constant, and the central axis is taken as a central axis, and the central axis is taken as a central axis 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the action range and the working distance of the shock wave are determined according to the actual working condition of the hydro-electric pulse generator and the required discharge energy, and the opening diameter of the rotating parabolic cavity is set according to the action range and the action distance of the shock wave.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the hydro-electric pulse generator is a known quantity, and the maximum opening diameter of the rotating parabolic cavity is determined by setting the opening coefficient a of the parabola.
In a preferred embodiment, the center axis of the electrohydraulic pulse generator coincides with the center axis of the housing.
In a preferred embodiment, the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected to different cables, and the ends of the first electrode and the second electrode are oppositely arranged along the direction parallel to the x axis.
in a preferred embodiment, the body is provided with a through hole for passing through the first electrode and the second electrode, an insulating layer is arranged outside the first electrode and the second electrode except for the end positions of the first electrode and the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode are connected with the cable through a cable connector.
In a preferred embodiment, the first electrode and the second electrode are coaxially disposed and connected by a single cable, and ends of the first electrode and the second electrode are oppositely disposed along the y-axis direction.
in a preferred embodiment, the hydroelectric pulse generator still including be used for with the electrode is installed installation component in the body, installation component includes water conservancy diversion platform and cable connector, the water conservancy diversion platform including be used for with the center runner matched with lateral wall of body is used for setting up the installation department of cable connector, and be located the lateral wall with connecting portion between the installation department, constitute the water conservancy diversion hole between lateral wall, installation department and the connecting portion.
In a preferred embodiment, the first electrode is located inside the second electrode, and an insulating layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and outside the second electrode except for the end positions of the first electrode and the second electrode.
in a preferred embodiment, the material of the insulating layer includes any one of the following: heat shrink tube, epoxy, polyoxymethylene and polyether ketone.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that: the drilling device provided by the embodiment of the application is a drilling device based on the hydro-electric pulse shock wave, and due to the adoption of the shock wave pulse directional control technology, the drilling device not only can effectively generate pulsating pressure in drilling fluid, improve a bottom hole flow field, reduce the pressure holding effect and improve the rock carrying capacity, but also has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, high reliability, environmental friendliness, low cost and the like.
The fluid outlet of the liquid-electric pulse generator is processed into a rotating parabolic cavity, and by controlling the geometric parameters of the rotating parabolic cavity, the nearly spherical shock waves generated between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are favorably radiated along the set focusing direction under the action of the rotating parabolic cavity; and the midpoint of the electrode gap is just positioned at the focus of the rotating parabolic cavity, so that the shock wave generated at the center of the electrode gap generates a plane shock wave vertical to the central axis of the shell through the reflection action of the rotating parabolic cavity, and the interaction with the wall surface of the drill string is reduced, so that the shock wave strength is improved, and the best focusing effect is achieved.
Particularly, a rotating parabolic cavity is formed at the fluid outlet, a rotating parabolic cavity section parabola is formed on the section of the rotating parabolic cavity, the vertex of the parabola is taken as an origin, the central axis of the shell is taken as a y axis, the central axis perpendicular to the shell is taken as an x axis, the parabolic equation is y-ax 2, wherein a is a constant, and in the case that the diameter of the liquid electric pulse generator is a known quantity, the maximum opening diameter d of the rotating parabolic cavity can be determined by setting the opening coefficient a of the parabola, or the action range and the operation distance of the shock wave can be determined according to the actual operation condition and the required discharge energy of the liquid electric pulse generator, and the opening diameter d of the rotating parabolic cavity is set according to the action range and the action distance of the shock wave.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic view of a liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus assembly according to an embodiment of the present application:
FIG. 1b is a schematic illustration of a liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus assembly according to another embodiment of the present application:
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of a needle-needle electrode electro-hydraulic pulse generator in the drilling apparatus provided in FIG. 1 a;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the needle-needle electrode electro-hydraulic pulse generator of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the needle-needle electrode electro-hydraulic pulse generator of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the needle-needle electrode electro-hydraulic pulse generator of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic assembly of a coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator for the drilling assembly provided in FIG. 1 b;
FIG. 7 is a half sectional view of the coaxial electrode provided in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the coaxial electrode provided in FIG. 6 taken along section A-A;
Fig. 9a is a schematic diagram of propagation of an electro-hydraulic pulsed laser based on the invention shown in fig. 1 a:
FIG. 9b is a schematic diagram of the propagation of an electro-hydraulic pulsed laser based on the present invention shown in FIG. 1 b;
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an operating principle of the liquid-phase discharge shock wave drilling device provided by the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
1. A fluid inlet section; 2. a housing; 201. a body; 3. a needle-needle electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator; 4. a fluid outlet section; 5. a coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator; 6. a flow guide port; 7. a cable; 8. a cable connector; 9. a center flow passage; 10. a needle-needle electrode; 11. an insulating layer; 12. a rotating parabolic cavity; 13. a flow guide table; 14. a coaxial electrode; 15. an external thread; 16. a flow guide hole; 17. rotating the parabola of the section of the parabolic cavity; 18. the center of the electrode gap; 191. an installation part; 192. a connecting portion; 20. a drill bit; 21. a drill bit center flow channel; 22. an inner cavity of the drill bit; 23. a drill water hole; 30. parallel shock waves; 31. bottom hole cuttings; 32. downhole rock.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations based on the present invention may be conceived by the skilled person in the light of the teachings of the present invention, and these should be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
when discharge plasma is generated in a liquid medium, a pressure wave of discharge is generated in the liquid medium, the action time of the pressure wave is short but the peak pressure can reach 10 9 -10 10 Pa, meanwhile, the liquid medium generates bubbles, the bubbles collapse to generate another part of pressure wave, and the peak pressure of the pressure wave is only 10% -20% of the discharge pressure, but the action time is longer.
Referring to fig. 1a and 1b, a liquid discharge shock wave drilling device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is a drilling device based on a hydroelectric pulse shock wave, and mainly includes: a shell 2 and a liquid electric pulse generator arranged in the shell 2.
The housing 2 may be generally hollow cylindrical having first and second opposite ends. Wherein, a fluid inlet section 1 is arranged near the first end of the shell 2, a fluid outlet section 4 is arranged near the second end, and a liquid electric pulse generator is arranged in a cavity between the fluid inlet section 1 and the fluid outlet section 4. Wherein the fluid inlet section 1 is located above the fluid outlet section 4 in the direction of gravity (in the direction of the y-axis). The fluid inlet section 1 may be a conical section with a gradually decreasing cross section from top to bottom (along the y-axis direction), and of course, the fluid inlet section 1 may also be a hollow cylindrical section, or other shapes. The fluid outlet section 4 may be a conical section with a gradually increasing cross section from top to bottom (along the y-axis direction), but of course, the fluid outlet end may also be a hollow cylindrical section, or other shapes. When in use, the upper part of the shell 2 can be connected with a drill collar or a downhole high-voltage electric pulse nipple.
The liquid electric pulse generator comprises a hollow body 201, wherein a central flow channel 9 is formed in the middle of the body 201, a flow guide opening 6 for communicating the central flow channel 9 with the fluid inlet section 1 is formed in the upper portion of the body 201, and a fluid outlet for communicating the central flow channel 9 with the fluid outlet section 4 is formed in the lower portion of the body 201. The fluid outlet is formed with a rotating parabolic cavity 12.
the hydro-electric pulse generator also includes a first electrode and a second electrode. One of the electrodes may be a high voltage electrode and the other electrode may be a low voltage electrode. The high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode can be electrically communicated with an electric pulse power supply device, and can generate liquid electric pulse shock wave pressure after being electrified. In this specification, the first electrode is exemplified as a high voltage electrode, and the second electrode is exemplified as a low voltage electrode. An electrode gap is formed between the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode. The middle point position of the electrode gap is arranged right below the central flow channel 9.
The electrode can be powered by a ground power supply, an underground generator or a battery, and then high-voltage electricity is generated by a short section of a ground or underground high-voltage electric pulse generator to break down the gap of the electrode and generate shock waves.
When the electrode gap between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode is broken down, a high-voltage pulse heavy-current electric arc is formed, the electric arc expands, a bubble cavity is formed, and liquid electric pulse shock waves are radiated outwards. The shock wave source is positioned at the focus of the rotating parabolic cavity 12 and approximately spreads outwards with a spherical wave front, wherein a part of the shock waves can be reflected (reflected shock waves) with the parabolic cavity surface, the direction of the shock waves reflected by the parabolic cavity surface is parallel to the central axis of the shell 2, and the shock waves are directionally radiated (direct shock waves) with the direct radial radiation shock waves, so that the intensity of the shock waves is directionally enhanced. The direct shock wave and the reflected shock wave are overlapped, so that the action time of the shock wave is prolonged, the action impulse is improved, and the action effect is enhanced.
For the liquid electric pulse generator, the structure is different according to the arrangement mode of the electrodes. For example, in the present specification, when the hydro-electric pulse generator is disposed in the casing 2 of the drilling device, it can be classified into: a needle-needle electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 3 and a coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 5. The needle-needle electrode electro-hydraulic pulse generator 3 and the coaxial electrode electro-hydraulic pulse generator 5 will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, the present specification provides a needle-needle electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 3, in which a high voltage electrode and a low voltage electrode of the generator are respectively connected to cables 7 distributed at different positions. The central axis of the needle-needle electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 3 is coincided with the central axis of the shell 2, and the midpoint of the electrode gap at the focus of the rotating parabolic cavity 12 is ensured to be on the central axis of the shell 2, so that plane shock waves perpendicular to the central axis of the shell 2 are generated.
Specifically, the needle-needle electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 3 may include: a hollow body 201 and a needle-needle electrode 10. The hollow portion of the body 201 is formed with a center flow passage 9. The body 201 has an upper end and a lower end opposite to each other, wherein the upper end is formed with a flow guide opening 6 communicated with the central flow passage 9, and the lower end is formed with a rotating parabolic cavity 12 communicated with the central flow passage 9. Wherein the flow guide opening 6 is used for guiding the fluid flowing in from the fluid outlet section 4 to the center of the generator. The rotating parabolic cavity 12 is used to form a fluid outlet for directing fluid to the fluid outlet section 4 and then out.
The needle-needle electrode 10 is two high voltage electrodes and low voltage electrodes which are arranged relatively independently. The high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode may be respectively penetrated in the body 201. The ends of the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode are oppositely arranged along the direction parallel to the x axis. The high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode may be symmetrically distributed with respect to the central axis of the housing 2 as a whole, thereby ensuring that the center of the electrode gap formed by the two electrodes is on the central axis of the housing 2.
Two opposite through holes may be formed in the sidewall of the body 201 along the longitudinal extension direction of the body 201, and the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode may pass through the through holes. An insulating layer 11 may be provided outside the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode. The insulating layer 11 is made of high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant high-strength insulating material, such as heat-shrinkable tube, epoxy, polyformaldehyde, polyether ketone and the like. The high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are only not wrapped by the insulating layer 11 at the tail end far away from the cable 7, so that on one hand, point discharge is carried out after power on, and on the other hand, the function of enhancing the pulse shock wave intensity can be achieved. The specific reasons are as follows: before the liquid gap is broken down by discharging, a higher potential difference exists between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode, in the liquid with ions, an electric leakage phenomenon exists between the exposed electrodes, the larger the exposed area is, the more serious the electric leakage is, and the larger the electric energy loss is, only the tip part is exposed by wrapping the electrodes, so that the energy loss can be reduced, and the effect of improving the intensity of the discharging shock wave can be achieved.
the upper ends of the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode can be connected with a cable 7 through a cable connector 8. The cable connector 8 may be fixed to the upper end of the body 201. Specifically, the diversion port 6 may be provided with a step for placing a cable connector 8 for connecting the cable 7 and the needle-needle electrode 10. When mounted, the ends of the high and low voltage electrodes (i.e. the tips not provided with the insulating layer 11) extend through the through-going hole to the fluid outlet.
During operation, continuously flowing drilling fluid enters the needle-needle electrode liquid electric pulse generator 3 through the fluid inlet section 1 of the shell 2, changes the flow direction of the drilling fluid under the action of the flow guide port 6, enters the central flow channel 9 of the needle-needle electrode liquid electric pulse generator 3, and flows out from a fluid outlet formed with a rotating parabolic cavity 12. Directly below the central flow channel 9 is the geometric center of the discharge of the needle-needle electrode 10. The geometric center is a midpoint of an electrode gap formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. When high-voltage electric pulse is generated each time, an electrode gap filled with drilling fluid is punctured, high-intensity outward-radiated shock waves are generated, the shock waves are reflected when being transmitted to the surface of the rotary parabolic cavity 12, the shock waves are directionally radiated to a drill bit, the shock waves act on the bottom of the well through a drill bit nozzle, and pulsating pressure shock waves are generated through multiple high-voltage discharges with the same frequency or different frequencies and different voltage amplitudes, so that the stress state of the bottom of the well and rock is changed, and the effect of assisting in breaking the rock is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, the assembly diagram of the needle-needle electrode liquid electric pulse generator 3 provided in the embodiment of the present invention is that the equation of the parabolic 17 of the rotating parabolic cavity cross section at the lower part of the needle-needle electrode liquid electric pulse generator 3 is y ═ ax 2, the vertex of the parabola is used as the origin, the central axis of the housing 2 is the y axis, the central axis perpendicular to the housing 2 is the x axis, and a is a constant.
fig. 9a is a schematic propagation diagram of an electro-hydraulic pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 9a, the fluid outlet of the hydro-electric pulse generator is processed into a rotating parabolic cavity 12, and by controlling the geometric parameters of the rotating parabolic cavity 12, the nearly spherical shock wave generated between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode is favorably radiated along the set focusing direction under the action of the rotating parabolic cavity 12; and the midpoint of the electrode gap is just positioned at the focus of the rotating parabolic cavity 12, so that the shock wave generated at the center 18 of the electrode gap generates a plane shock wave vertical to the central axis of the shell 2 through the reflection action of the rotating parabolic cavity 12, and the interaction with the wall surface of a drill string is reduced, so that the shock wave intensity is improved, and the best focusing effect is achieved.
in another embodiment, as shown in fig. 1b, a drilling apparatus provided with a coaxial hydro-electric pulse generator is provided herein. The drilling device comprises a housing 2 and a coaxial hydro-electric pulse generator arranged in the housing 2. The central axis of the coaxial electrohydraulic pulse generator coincides with the central axis of the shell 2, so that the center 18 of the electrode gap at the focus of the rotating parabolic cavity 12 at the lower part of the electrohydraulic pulse generator is ensured to be on the central axis of the shell 2, and a plane shock wave perpendicular to the central axis of the shell 2 is generated.
in the present embodiment, the difference in structure between the coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 5 and the needle-needle electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 3 will be mainly described.
In contrast to the needle-needle electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 3 described above, two cables 7 are required, one cable 7 to the high voltage electrode and one cable 7 to the low voltage electrode, the ends of the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode being oppositely disposed along a direction parallel to the x-axis. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the high-voltage lead and the delay lead are coaxially disposed in the same cable 7 as the coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 5 of the present embodiment. The ends of the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode are oppositely arranged along the y-axis direction.
Referring to fig. 6 to 8, the coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 5 may include: a hollow body 201 and a coaxial electrode 14, and a mounting assembly for securing the coaxial electrode 14 in the body 201.
the hollow portion of the body 201 is formed with a center flow passage 9. The body 201 has opposite upper and lower ends, wherein the upper end is formed with a diversion port 6 for the drilling fluid to flow to the center of the generator, and the lower end is formed with a rotating parabolic cavity 12 communicating with the central flow channel 9. Wherein the flow guide opening 6 is used for guiding the fluid flowing in from the fluid outlet section 4 to the center of the generator.
A cable 7 and a cable connector 8 for connecting the electrodes, a coaxial electrode 14 for generating the hydro-electric pulse shock wave pressure, and a fluid outlet formed by a rotating parabolic cavity 12.
as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the mounting assembly may include a deflector table 13 and a cable connector 8. Wherein, the diversion table 13 is fixed at one end of the central flow passage 9 close to the rotating parabolic cavity 12 in a detachable connection mode. The outer contour of the flow guide table 13 can be adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the central flow channel 9. Specifically, the flow guide table 13 may be a circular truncated cone with a certain thickness, the side wall of the flow guide table 13 may be provided with an external thread 15, and the inner wall corresponding to the central flow passage 9 of the body 201 is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread 15, so as to achieve positioning. An installation part 191 for arranging the cable connector 8 is arranged in the middle of the diversion platform 13, and a connection part 192 is arranged between the installation part 191 and the side wall. The connecting portions 192 may be uniformly distributed in plural in the circumferential direction. Flow guide holes 16 are formed between the side walls, the mounting portion 191 and the connecting portion 192 to guide the fluid, which flows into the center flow path 9 from above, to the coaxial electrodes 14.
As shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the coaxial electrode 14 also includes a first electrode and a second electrode, i.e., a high voltage electrode and a low voltage electrode.
The coaxial electrode 14 comprises two layers of insulating layers 11, respectively enclosing a high voltage electrode and a low voltage electrode. The inner insulating layer 11 covers the inner electrodes, and only the ends of the inner electrodes are exposed. Specifically, the inner electrode can be a high voltage electrode; the outer electrode may be a low voltage electrode. Of course, the exchange of an internally located high voltage electrode with an externally located low voltage electrode is not excluded. In the embodiment, the high-voltage electrode or the low-voltage electrode is wrapped, so that the requirement of point discharge can be met, and the effect of improving the shock wave strength can be achieved.
When the shock wave generator works, continuously flowing drilling fluid enters the coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 5 through the fluid inlet section 1 of the shell 2, the flowing direction of the drilling fluid is changed under the action of the diversion port 6, the drilling fluid enters the central flow passage 9 of the generator, flows through the diversion hole 16 on the diversion platform 13 and enters the rotary parabolic cavity 12, the lower part of the central flow passage 9 is connected with the diversion platform 13 containing the coaxial electrode 14 with the external thread 15 through internal threads, the coaxial electrode 14 consists of a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode and is connected with an aboveground (or underground) high-voltage electric pulse power supply device through a cable 7, when high-voltage electric pulses are generated each time, the electrode gap with the drilling fluid is punctured, high-intensity outward radiation shock waves are generated, when the shock waves are transmitted to the surface of the rotary parabolic cavity 12, reflection is generated, the shock waves are directionally radiated to a drill bit, the shock waves act on the bottom of the well through a drill bit nozzle, and, the stress state of the flow field at the bottom of the well and the rock is changed, and the effect of assisting in breaking the rock is achieved.
Fig. 6 is an assembly diagram of the coaxial electrode electrohydraulic pulse generator 5 of the present invention, the equation of the parabolic 17 of the section of the rotating parabolic cavity at the lower end of the coaxial electrohydraulic pulse generator is y-ax 2, the vertex of the parabola is used as the origin, the central axis of the shell 2 is the y axis, the central axis perpendicular to the shell 2 is the x axis, and a is a constant.
fig. 9b is a schematic propagation diagram of an electro-hydraulic pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 9b, the fluid outlet of the hydro-electric pulse generator is processed into a rotating parabolic cavity 12, and by controlling the geometric parameters of the rotating parabolic cavity 12, the nearly spherical shock wave generated between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode is favorably radiated along the set focusing direction under the action of the rotating parabolic cavity 12; and the midpoint of the electrode gap is just positioned at the focus of the rotating parabolic cavity 12, so that the shock wave generated at the center 18 of the electrode gap generates a plane shock wave vertical to the central axis of the shell 2 through the reflection action of the rotating parabolic cavity 12, and the interaction with the wall surface of a drill string is reduced, so that the shock wave intensity is improved, and the best focusing effect is achieved.
In this specification, according to the actual working condition of the electrohydraulic pulse generator and the required discharge energy, the action range and the working distance of the shock wave can be determined, so that the diameter d of the opening of the rotating parabolic cavity 12 is set, and the optimal action effect of shock wave focusing and orientation is achieved.
wherein the diameter of the hydro-electric pulse generator is a definite value, so that the maximum opening diameter of the rotating parabolic cavity 12 can be determined by setting the opening coefficient a of the parabola. The maximum opening diameter is the upper limit of the opening diameter d. The opening diameter d is changed by adjusting the coefficient a according to the requirement of the working condition, but cannot be larger than the maximum opening diameter.
Specifically, please refer to fig. 10, which is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a working principle of a liquid-phase discharge shock wave drilling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the parallel shock waves generated by the hydro-electric pulse generator sequentially pass through the drill bit central flow passage 21, the drill bit inner cavity 22 and the drill bit water hole 23 of the drill bit 20 and finally act on the bottom-hole rock 32 and the bottom-hole rock debris 31. The action distance L of two adjacent parallel shock waves 30 is controlled by controlling the time interval of discharge (the parallel shock waves are generated once per discharge), and the intensity H of the shock waves generated per discharge is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the discharge energy (the intensity of the shock waves is described by the length of the parallel shock wave arrows). The purposes of acting fluctuation pressure on the shaft bottom, effectively improving the shaft bottom flow field and rock stress state, reducing the pressure holding effect, improving the rock carrying capacity and assisting in rock breaking are achieved by reasonably controlling the discharge time interval and the discharge energy.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the embodiments is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid phase discharge shock drilling apparatus, comprising:
The shell is a hollow cylinder and is provided with a first end and a second end which are opposite, a fluid inlet section is arranged at a position close to the first end, a fluid outlet section is arranged at a position close to the second end, and a liquid-electric pulse generator is arranged between the fluid inlet section and the fluid outlet section;
The liquid electric pulse generator comprises a hollow body, a central flow passage is formed in the middle of the body, a flow guide opening for communicating the central flow passage with the fluid inlet section is formed in the upper portion of the body, a fluid outlet for communicating the central flow passage with the fluid outlet section is formed in the lower portion of the body,
The first electrode and the second electrode are electrically communicated with the electric pulse power supply device, an electrode gap is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the midpoint of the electrode gap is positioned right below the central flow channel;
A rotating parabolic cavity is formed at the fluid outlet, a rotating parabolic cavity section parabola is formed on the section of the rotating parabolic cavity, the vertex of the parabola is taken as an origin, the central axis of the shell is taken as a y-axis, the central axis perpendicular to the shell is taken as an x-axis, the parabolic equation is that y is ax 2, and a is a constant.
2. The liquid phase discharge shock wave drilling device according to claim 1, wherein an action range and an operation distance of a shock wave are determined according to an actual operation condition of the hydro-electric pulse generator and a required discharge energy, and an opening diameter of the rotating parabolic cavity is set according to the action range and the action distance of the shock wave.
3. The liquid phase discharge shock drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the diameter of the hydro-electric pulse generator is a known quantity, and the maximum opening diameter of the rotating parabolic cavity is determined by setting an opening coefficient a of a parabola.
4. The liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein a central axis of the hydro-electric pulse generator coincides with a central axis of the housing.
5. The liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are connected to different cables, respectively, and distal ends of the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed to be opposite to each other in a direction parallel to the x-axis.
6. The liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the body is provided with a through hole for passing the first electrode and the second electrode therethrough, and an insulating layer is provided outside the first electrode and the second electrode except for the end positions of the first electrode and the second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode are connected to the cable through a cable connector.
7. The liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are coaxially disposed and connected by a single cable, and ends of the first electrode and the second electrode are oppositely disposed in the y-axis direction.
8. The liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the hydroelectrical pulse generator further comprises a mounting assembly for mounting the electrode in the body, the mounting assembly comprises a guide table and a cable connector, the guide table comprises a side wall for cooperating with a central flow channel of the body, a mounting portion for mounting the cable connector, and a connecting portion located between the side wall and the mounting portion, and guide holes are formed between the side wall, the mounting portion and the connecting portion.
9. The liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first electrode is located inside the second electrode, and insulation layers are provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and outside the second electrode except for the end positions of the first electrode and the second electrode.
10. A liquid discharge shock drilling apparatus as claimed in claim 6 or 9, wherein the material of the insulating layer comprises any one of: heat shrink tube, epoxy, polyoxymethylene and polyether ketone.
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