CN110550556A - Efficient material unloading method based on ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader - Google Patents
Efficient material unloading method based on ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader Download PDFInfo
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- CN110550556A CN110550556A CN201910734769.9A CN201910734769A CN110550556A CN 110550556 A CN110550556 A CN 110550556A CN 201910734769 A CN201910734769 A CN 201910734769A CN 110550556 A CN110550556 A CN 110550556A
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- grab
- grab bucket
- unloading
- trolley
- zqx1500
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C15/00—Safety gear
- B66C15/06—Arrangements or use of warning devices
- B66C15/065—Arrangements or use of warning devices electrical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C17/00—Overhead travelling cranes comprising one or more substantially horizontal girders the ends of which are directly supported by wheels or rollers running on tracks carried by spaced supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C9/00—Travelling gear incorporated in or fitted to trolleys or cranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/02—Driving gear
- B66D1/14—Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels
Abstract
the invention relates to a high-efficiency material unloading method based on a ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader, which utilizes inertia and time delay of each mechanism (comprising a four-drum mechanism, a trolley running mechanism, a cart running mechanism and a grab running mechanism) in the running process according to effective technical parameters of the ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader, namely, a steel wire rope for opening and closing a bucket is always in a running state in the whole operation process, when the grab reaches a normal lifting height, a handle is operated to enable the grab to be opened immediately, and the trolley runs to the oblique upper part of a funnel at the moment to unload materials efficiently. Compared with the prior art, the invention overcomes the problem that the rated coal unloading amount is difficult to achieve in the existing mode, ensures that the actual coal unloading amount exceeds 20 percent of the rated coal unloading amount, can achieve the coal unloading workload of 1800t/h, greatly improves the working efficiency of the bridge crane, saves the electric energy, equipment loss and port stagnation cost of bulk freighters, and has strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship unloaders, in particular to a high-efficiency material unloading method based on a ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader.
Background
the ship unloader is a special machine for unloading ships at wharfs, and can unload bulk cargo materials in a cabin onto a material conveying adhesive tape machine and then convey the materials to a storage yard through the adhesive tape machine. The ship unloader mainly has the following three basic functions: (1) grabbing materials from the cabin; (2) lifting the material from the cabin to a grab bucket of the ship unloader; (3) and conveying the materials to the upper part of a hopper on the wharf, and unloading the materials onto a material conveying adhesive tape machine.
The normal operation modes of the ZQX1500 type grab bridge ship unloader are as follows: firstly, a full-manual operation mode; secondly, a semi-automatic operation mode; and thirdly, a full-automatic operation mode. Currently, the most common mode of operation used is semi-automatic operation. The operation mode in special cases can adopt full manual operation, such as low storage of coal fired in a power plant, time shortage in a ship season or a flood season, emergency starting of a standby bridge crane and the like. The fully automatic mode of operation is generally not employed.
the fully manual mode of operation carries certain operational risks, such as the possibility of the grapple colliding with the hold, the bridge hopper, the raker for clearing the bin, the clearing worker, etc. The work efficiency of the semi-automatic operation mode is generally lower than the rated coal discharge amount, and the rated coal discharge amount can be achieved under the conditions that a bulk carrier is full, the coal quality is sparse or the high tide level. The fully automatic mode of operation cannot achieve uniform coal discharge and is slow, and can only achieve 70% of the efficiency of semi-automatic operation.
When the emergency happens in the power plant, the coal unloading efficiency of the bridge ship unloader needs to be temporarily increased, and the emergency has 7 types: (1) the coal storage amount of the coal yard is insufficient; (2) the working environment has strong wind or fog phenomenon; (3) sufficient time is required for overhauling power plant equipment (bucket wheel machine, belt conveyor, coal as fired sampling device, coal breaker, roller screen, iron remover, dry fog dust collector and the like); (4) in the actual operation, the loading and unloading time of the unloading ship is considered (the unloading is finished within the specified time according to the loading and unloading contract); (5) one of the two bridge ship unloaders fails; (6) two bucket wheel machines pile coal to the coal yard at the same time; (7) while a bucket wheel machine piles coal to the coal yard, it also requires that coal be fed directly from the belt into the bunker.
The rated production capacity of the ZQX1500 model grab bridge type ship unloader is 1500t/h, and the production capacity needs to be temporarily improved in the emergency situation. However, the existing material unloading method is not only inefficient, but also additionally increases the loss of electric energy and a coal conveying system.
disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an efficient material unloading method based on a ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
A high-efficiency material unloading method based on a ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader is used for transferring materials from an unloading ship cabin on the sea side to a funnel on the land side, the bridge type ship unloader comprises a metal structure, a cart used for driving the metal structure to move back and forth, a cab, a trolley and a grab bucket which are arranged on the metal structure, and a four-reel mechanism used for controlling the left and right movement of the trolley and for controlling the lifting and the opening and the closing of the grab bucket, and a working cycle of the method starting from the opening of the grab bucket above the funnel comprises the following steps:
S1: controlling the trolley to run to the sea side at a rated speed, and immediately descending the grab bucket at the highest speed after the grab bucket leaves the hopper;
S2: in the descending process of the grab bucket, according to the distribution condition of materials in the unloading ship cabin, the front and back movement of the cart is controlled, then the left and right movement of the trolley is controlled, and the grab bucket falls to a preset position above a position to be grabbed in the unloading ship cabin under the principle of balanced unloading and loading;
S3: controlling the grab bucket to close to grab the material;
s4: when the grab bucket is full of materials, the grab bucket is directly controlled to ascend;
S5: when the grab bucket rises above the opening of the unloading ship, the trolley is controlled to move to the position above the funnel on the land side along a track close to a straight line, and when the grab bucket rises to the limit of the working height, the trolley moves to the position with the horizontal distance of 4 +/-0.5 m from the funnel, the grab bucket is controlled to be opened at the moment, and the grab bucket is controlled to move to the position above the funnel when the grab bucket is opened by utilizing the time delay from the rising of the grab bucket to the opening of the grab bucket;
S5: when the grab bucket is opened to a half position, the grab bucket is immediately controlled to move to the sea side, and a working cycle is completed.
Preferably, the method further comprises moving the cab to an intermediate position in the unloading hold prior to starting to ensure that the operator has an optimal view.
As a preferred technical solution, the method further includes performing initialization setting before starting.
As a preferred technical solution, the initialization setting includes necessary grab bucket opening and closing setting and height setting (working height setting, dragger height setting), and optionally the trolley setting (discharge port side position and sea side position) and the safety height setting are performed.
as an optimal technical scheme, a left handle for controlling the cart and the trolley to move and a right handle for controlling the grab bucket to lift and close are arranged in a cab, the left handle and the right handle can be operated forwards and backwards and leftwards and rightwards, and the larger the operation amplitude is, the faster the corresponding equipment moves;
The front and back operation of the left hand handle is used for controlling the front and back movement of the cart, the left and right operation of the left hand handle is used for controlling the left and right movement of the trolley, the front and back operation of the right hand handle is used for controlling the descending and lifting of the grab bucket, and the left and right operation of the right hand handle is used for controlling the closing and opening of the grab bucket.
preferably, in step S2, the grab bucket is dropped to a preset position above the position to be grabbed in the unloading ship cabin, and the preset position is 50 ± 10cm above the position to be grabbed in the unloading ship cabin.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step S4, when coal overflows above the jaw plate of the grab bucket in the material grabbing process, it is determined that the material is grabbed completely.
As the preferred technical scheme, when the material is coal, the rated production capacity of the ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader is 1500 t/h; the rated lifting capacity of the grab bucket is 40 t; the lifting speed and the descending speed of the grab bucket are respectively 130m/min and 160 m/min; the opening and closing speed of the grab bucket is 160m/min and 130 m/min; the running speed of the trolley is 180 m/min; the moving speed of the cart is 25 m/min. And inertia and time delay are generated in the running process of the four-drum mechanism, the trolley, the cart and the grab bucket.
as an optimal technical scheme, the time of one working cycle of the method is 45-55 s, when the material is coal, the mass of the coal grabbed by each grab bucket is 25t, and the generating capacity reaches 1800 t/h.
Compared with the prior art, the effective technical parameters of the ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader provide an efficient operation method for coal unloading. Inertia and time delay of each mechanism (comprising a four-reel mechanism, a trolley, a cart and a grab bucket) in the operation process cannot be avoided, the time delay is not eliminated, but the time delay is creatively and fully utilized so as to improve the working efficiency, namely, in the whole operation process, a steel wire rope for opening and closing the bucket is always in the operation state, when the grab bucket reaches the normal lifting height, a handle is operated to enable the grab bucket to immediately open the bucket, and the trolley at the moment runs to the obliquely upper part of the hopper.
the invention is mainly applied to the connection and disconnection of bulk freighters with the representative ship type of 5 ten thousand tons (7 ten thousand tons). The operation method solves the problem that the existing full-automatic operation mode and semi-automatic operation mode are difficult to reach the rated coal unloading amount (1500t/h), can ensure that the actual coal unloading amount exceeds 20 percent of the rated coal unloading amount under the condition that the bridge type ship unloader normally works, can realize the coal unloading work amount of 1800t/h, greatly improves the working efficiency of the bridge crane, saves electric energy, equipment loss and port cost of bulk carriers, and has strong practicability.
Drawings
FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are front and side views, respectively, of a ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a four reel mechanism of a ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the four drum mechanism roping for the ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a luffing mechanism of a ZQX1500 grab bridge ship unloader;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the luffing mechanism roping of the ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cart running mechanism of the ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader.
Detailed Description
the invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
ZQX1500 model grab bridge ship unloader: the crane comprises a metal structure, a four-reel mechanism, a trolley running mechanism (comprising a trolley), a luffing mechanism, a cart running mechanism (comprising a cart) and a grab bucket running mechanism (comprising a grab bucket). The bridge crane is a four-drum traction trolley type grab bucket bridge type ship unloader, and the structure and the arrangement of the whole bridge crane are shown in figures 1(a) and 1 (b). When the grab bucket grabs coal from the unloading ship cabin in work, the grab bucket and the trolley run towards the land side, the coal is unloaded into the blanking hopper on the inner side of the front portal frame and falls onto the belt of the wharf corridor through the built-in feeding system. The bridge crane has box beam type metal structure, front and back girders hinged via pin shafts, and front girder raised to pass by the seagoing vessel freely in non-working state and in shore or off shore. The front girder adopts a double-beam structure, and horizontal lateral trusses are arranged on two sides of the front girder to enhance the lateral rigidity of the front girder. The main machine room and the electric room are arranged on the platform below the rear crossbeam, so that the maintenance and the overhaul are convenient, the gravity center of the whole machine is reduced, and the stability of the whole machine is facilitated. The bridge crane adopts a four-drum mechanism traction mode in the design, and integrates the lifting and opening of the grab bucket and the forward and backward walking of the trolley. The advantages of this structure are: the trolley has light self weight, simple rope system, small acting force of the steel rope on the girder and convenient steel rope replacement. The guide pulley is a high-strength nylon pulley, so that the service life of the steel rope can be effectively prolonged. The lifting, opening and closing, trolley running mechanism and luffing mechanism all adopt AC power supply-AC frequency conversion dragging speed regulating system. Semi-automatic or manual operation discharging is realized through a PLC programmable controller. The built-in material receiving system and other mechanical equipment are driven by an alternating current power supply and an alternating current motor. The actions of all the mechanisms can be controlled on a linkage table in a movable cab or operated on the spot, and the movable cab runs independently on the track and can be operated by selecting the optimal view field. A vibrating feeder is adopted for discharging materials from a lower opening of a hopper in the feeding system, the materials can be selectively fed to a belt conveyor at a wharf through a ship-shaped tee joint, and dust-proof facilities such as a blanking recovery plate, a hopper wind screen and a water spraying system are respectively arranged at a plurality of dust pollution points such as the hopper. The external wall boards of the main machine room and the electric room are made of insulation boards, the machine room and the electric room are arranged up and down respectively, the service environment of the electric equipment is improved, and the electric room is temperature-regulated by four cabinet type air conditioners so as to guarantee safe and reliable operation of the electric equipment. The machine room is internally provided with a 5T travelling crane for maintenance, so that equipment in the machine room can be maintained conveniently. The ladder, the platform and the walkway adopt galvanized grating plates to facilitate drainage and prevent accumulated water from freezing. The ship unloader is provided with a plurality of limit protection systems, a windproof protection device and a communication system, so that the reliable and safe operation of the ship unloader is ensured. The power supply of the machine is 6000V and 50Hz, a cable reel is adopted for electrifying, and the length of a wound cable can be used for the ship unloader to walk in the range of 280m of track; the wireless communication device is arranged to communicate with the ground and is interlocked with the belt of the wharf. The ship unloader is also provided with a lifting elevator to facilitate the up-and-down of related personnel. And a television monitoring system is additionally arranged.
The main metal structure consists of the following structural components: front and back portal, front and back girder, front and back pull rod, little portal, diagonal brace, side truss, board, hopper and support etc.. Most structural members are in thin-wall closed box-shaped structures and made of Q345 alloy steel, and main nodes are hinged or welded. The front and rear girders, the front pull rod and other rotating hinge points adopt self-lubricating embedded graphite sliding bearings, and the bearings are maintenance-free. T-shaped steel is adopted under the trolley track. The front girder and the rear girder are hinged at the cross section, an upper supporting seat and a lower supporting seat are arranged under the track, the lower supporting seat is provided with an adjusting gasket, the front girder is accurately positioned when being put down, the joint of the track is flat, and the front girder and the rear girder have good anti-torsion effect on the hinge lug. The front pull rod structure adopts an H-shaped structure, the two front pull rods are provided with eccentric hinges at the hanging rack, and the pin shaft at the eccentric hinges is rotated, so that the length of each pull rod can be slightly changed, and the purpose of uniform stress of the two pull rods is achieved. The amplitude variation mechanism is started before adjustment, the front girder is lifted by 5-10 degrees, and the front pull rod is in a loose state and can be adjusted. The machine room platform adopts a rear cantilever type, so that the gravity center of the whole machine moves backwards, the anti-tilting balance weight which is usually used is reduced, and the stability of the whole machine is improved. Due to the adoption of the traction system, the trolley has light self weight, simple structure, small moving load and simple maintenance. The trolley track is fixed by a pressing plate bolt.
The four-drum mechanism (as shown in fig. 2 and 3) is installed in the machine room, and the operation of the trolley and the lifting and opening and closing of the grab bucket are realized through the rotation of the four drums in different directions. When only the lifting motor is started, the two winding drums are driven to rotate in the same direction through the speed reducer of the lifting motor, so that the grab bucket is lifted and lowered; when only the opening and closing motor is started, the two winding drums are driven to rotate in the same direction through the speed reducer of the opening and closing motor, so that the bucket opening and the bucket closing of the grab bucket are realized; when only the trolley traction motor is started to drive the two speed reducers simultaneously, the four winding drums are driven to form opposite or back-to-back rotation of the pair of winding drums, and the front and back movement of the trolley is realized. Each of the lifting and opening and closing motor of the mechanism has the power of 560kW, and the high-speed shaft brake adopts an SB28-710X30-301/8bb disc brake. The power of the trolley traction motor is 250kW, and an SB23-560X30-80/6 disc brake is arranged on the high-speed shaft. In order to prolong the service life of the steel rope and reduce the consumption of the steel rope, a certain amount of steel rope is reserved on the winding drum, when the steel rope in the grab bucket is seriously abraded, one section of steel rope can be cut off, and the winding drum is further provided with another section of steel rope so as to meet the requirements of a normal lifting range and the length of the steel rope required by opening and closing, and one steel rope can be reused for three times. The steel rope model selected by the machine is 40NAT6 multiplied by 29Fi + Fc. In order to effectively prevent rotation and reasonably use the steel rope, the hoisting rope and the opening and closing rope are twisted left and right for use in pairs. In order to facilitate the installation and the replacement of the steel rope, the speed reducer is specially provided with a sliding block type clutch mechanism (a shifting fork), and the rotation of the single winding drum is realized through the matching operation of a lifting motor and a trolley running motor (or an opening and closing motor and a trolley motor). In addition, a steel rope threading mechanism is arranged to reduce the labor intensity of threading (or changing) the rope.
The luffing mechanism (as shown in fig. 4 and 5) is arranged at the rear side of the four-drum mechanism, a speed reducer is driven by an alternating current motor with the power of 90kW, and the steel wire rope is driven to be wound or unwound through the forward and reverse rotation of the drum, so that the front girder can be pitched. Two ends of the steel wire rope are respectively fixed on the end of the winding drum and the balance pulley, and in order to balance the stress of the two groups of amplitude-variable steel wire ropes, the balance pulley is arranged above the small portal frame, so that the stress balance of the two groups of steel wire ropes can be automatically adjusted. The mechanism is provided with an SB23-500X30-80/6 disc brake on a high-speed shaft, and two groups of SF15 type clamping disc brakes are arranged at the end of a winding drum. The mechanism has an interlocking relationship with a trolley traction mechanism, a movable cab and the like, and the amplitude-changing mechanism can only act when the trolley and the cab are in a rear girder area. The steel wire ropes of the luffing mechanism are 28NAT6T multiplied by 29Fi + Fc ZS and 28NAT6T multiplied by 29Fi + Fc SZ, and have a left-right rotating structure. The amplitude changing mechanism is provided with a set of emergency driving device, and can ensure that the cantilever can safely pitch at a low speed when the main driving device cannot work normally. The overspeed protection device is arranged at the shaft end of the winding drum, the amplitude variation speed can be detected immediately, and when the phenomenon of overspeed and gliding occurs in amplitude variation, braking can be rapidly generated to prevent accidents. The pitching is driven by an alternating current variable frequency motor, and the alternating current motor is used for regulating the speed through a frequency converter. The speed detection of the pitching is realized by a pulse encoder arranged on the non-output shaft of the motor, and the speed value measured by the pulse encoder is directly connected to SIMOREG as the speed feedback of the speed closed-loop control. The position signal is obtained by the action of a zone limit switch (i.e., a cam limit switch). The pitch mechanism can only be operated in the pitch operating room. The pitch may be manually operated to run up/down at a fixed speed, and the speed value may select a high/low speed mode. In the pitch automatic operation mode, the pitch is controlled by the PLC from one position to another, and the PLC controls the raising/lowering of the pitch and the hooking etc. for the whole cycle.
The large vehicle running mechanism of the ship unloader (as shown in fig. 6) is composed of four groups of eight-wheel running trolleys, each group of trolleys is driven by one half, namely four wheels of the eight wheels are driving wheels, and the other four wheels are driven wheels. The whole machine has 32 wheels, and four sets of three-in-one driving mechanisms (namely, the motor, the coupling and the reducer are integrated) are used for driving the wheels on each group of trolleys, so that the walking of the cart is realized. The cart running mechanism is interlocked with the anti-creeper, the wheel clamping device and the anchoring device. And a windproof mooring rope is additionally arranged for taking windproof measures before strong wind comes. The cart travels along the wharf rail to realize cabin moving, shifting and material taking. The cart running mechanism is dragged by an alternating current variable frequency motor, and a power supply of a sucker type electromagnetic brake matched with the cart running motor is rectified and supplied with power through a rectifier bridge. In order to conveniently overhaul the cart mechanism, the lower parts of the door legs are provided with jacking supports. The running mechanism of the cart adopts an alternating current motor for frequency conversion speed regulation, so that the starting is stable and the speed regulation performance is good. The electromagnetic brake and the cart motor are powered on simultaneously and then opened; when the vehicle is parked, when the output of a frequency converter for driving a motor of the cart is lower than 5 percent, the electromagnetic brake is delayed for 250ms to be powered off and braked. After brake opening, sudden stop and power failure, the electromagnetic brake is immediately subjected to power-off braking. The cart mechanism is divided into a driver cab operation, a luffing chamber operation and a local operation, and a local control box is arranged at a gate leg of the boarding ladder.
The ZQX1500 model bridge crane is matched with a four-rope four-brace grab bucket. The grab bucket has a large grab ratio. The bucket mouth is made of imported wear-resistant materials. The grab bucket is provided with a lifting lug for lifting and pushing the harrow. In order to balance the stress of the four-rope grab bucket steel ropes, the rope ends of the opening and closing ropes are fixedly connected to pulleys (balance blocks) on two sides of the lower pulley block, and the lengths of the two opening and closing steel ropes can be automatically balanced within a certain range. The hinge point of the inner support rod of the grab bucket is made of high-toughness wear-resistant materials, so that the maintenance workload is reduced.
The technical parameters of the ZQX1500 grab bridge ship unloader are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| 1. Rated capacity | 1500t/h |
| 2. Rated load (including grab bucket) | 40t (grab bucket self-weight 16.37t) |
| 3. lifting/lowering speed | 130/160m/min |
| 4. opening/closing speed | 160/130m/min |
| 5. running speed of trolley | 180m/min |
| 6. speed of the cart | 25m/min |
the conventional method of operation of a ZQX1500 grab bridge ship unloader is as follows:
I. Firstly, an operator receives a working instruction and then carries out comprehensive inspection on bridge crane equipment, and the bridge crane equipment comprises a cart mechanism (a wheel clamping device, an anchoring device, a driving motor, a windproof cable, a track and the like), a grab bucket (a pulley block, a steel wire rope and a wedge block), an electric room (a transformer, a computer, a silicon controlled rectifier and an air conditioner), a machine room (a four-reel mechanism, a trolley mechanism, a steel wire rope, an encoder, an amplitude variation mechanism, an on-site control box, a brake, a combiner and a motor cooling system), a cab (an operation console, an industrial display, monitoring equipment, a wind speed measuring instrument, a wireless high-frequency interphone and an air conditioner) and is electrified after the equipment; performing initialization setting, including grab bucket opening and closing, height setting (working height setting, height setting of a hoisting and pushing harrow machine), trolley setting (position on the road side and sea side of a discharge ship port), and safety height setting; the prior art method of operation for one duty cycle is: firstly, the grab bucket descends to a coal layer surface and then starts to be closed until the position of the grab bucket close initialization setting is reached, then when the grab bucket rises to a certain height, the trolley motor drives the four-reel mechanism to enable the trolley to move towards the land side, at the moment, the grab bucket moves towards the hopper in a parabola-like mode and opens the bucket above the hopper, coal falls into the hopper in a free falling mode until the grab bucket is opened to the initialization setting position, and finally when the trolley moves to a certain position towards the sea side, the grab bucket descends to a safety height in a parabola-like mode.
II. Amplitude-variable leveling operation: the amplitude-variable leveling before the operation of the bridge crane and the amplitude-variable lifting and hooking after the operation are finished require a driver to complete the operation on the field operation box of the amplitude-variable chamber and pay attention to whether the actions of lifting and releasing the hook are normal. The flat amplitude-changing operation has two modes of 'automatic' and 'manual', and an 'automatic' mode is preferably selected. If the full-automatic operation fails and stops, manual operation is adopted.
III, cart walking operation: in the operation process, the cart is generally operated to walk in a cab, and the operation of the on-site operation box beside the escalator is required during anchoring. Cab operation: before the cart mechanism is operated, the anchoring limit is firstly released, when a master switch on the left linkage table is operated forwards or backwards, the corresponding alarm lamps at the door legs send out sound and light signals to remind ground personnel of paying attention, and after the four anti-creepers are opened in place and the motor brake is opened, the cart travelling mechanism can run. When the cart is limited by a terminal, the cart stops and can only run reversely. When the cab is operated, two gears of speed can be adjusted to meet the requirement of normal production.
IV, the working principle of the four-reel mechanism is as follows:
(1) the lifting and opening-closing winding drum rotates rightwards to lift the grab bucket;
(2) The lifting and opening-closing winding drum rotates leftwards to enable the grab bucket to descend;
(3) A pair of winding drums for lifting or opening and closing the winding drums rotates inwards relatively to enable the grab trolley to move towards the land side (the working condition is driven by a trolley traction motor);
(4) A pair of winding drums for lifting or opening and closing the winding drums rotate oppositely and outwards to enable the grab trolley to move towards the river side (the working condition is driven by a trolley traction motor);
(5) The lifting winding drum does not act, and when the opening and closing winding drum rotates rightwards, the grab bucket is enabled to close (only the opening and closing motor is started under the working condition);
(6) the lifting winding drum does not act, and when the opening and closing winding drum rotates leftwards, the grab bucket is opened (only the opening and closing motor is started under the working condition).
V, the working principle of the grab bucket: the opening and closing actions of the grab bucket completely depend on the relative movement speed between the lifting rope and the opening and closing rope, and when the speeds are the same, the grab bucket keeps a certain opening and closing degree state and lifts or descends; when the speeds are different, the grab bucket is opened or closed simultaneously in the lifting or descending process. When the lifting, opening and closing motor and the trolley traction motor work in a linkage manner, the grab bucket can move in a curve. The specific work cycle acts as follows:
The open and fall of the empty bucket: at the moment, the closed steel ropes are all loosened, the weight of the grab bucket is all supported by the lifting steel ropes, the lifting steel ropes and the opening steel ropes are released at the same speed, and the grab bucket descends while keeping a natural opening state and falls onto a material pile in a cabin.
Taking materials by a grab bucket: after the grab bucket is opened and falls onto the material pile, the lifting steel rope is loosened again to enable the lifting steel rope to be in a slightly loose state, the jaw plate of the grab bucket is inserted into the material pile under the action of self weight, the lifting steel rope does not act at the moment, and the opening and closing steel rope is tightened to enable the grab bucket to be closed and grab the material.
Lifting the full bucket: when the grab bucket is closed and closed, the lifting steel rope and the opening and closing steel rope are started to lift together, so that the grab bucket is lifted in a closed state. At the initial stage of the grab bucket leaving the material pile, the whole weight of the grab bucket can be borne by the opening and closing steel rope, and the load balance of lifting and opening and closing steel ropes is gradually achieved.
the grab bucket is opened to unload materials, when the full-load grab bucket moves to the position above the hopper, the opening and closing steel ropes are loosened, the weight of the grab bucket is born by the lifting steel ropes, the grab bucket automatically opens under the action of gravity to unload the materials to the hopper, and the unloading of the grab bucket is completed in one cycle.
the working process is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
there is certain operational requirement between the working condition of the grab bucket and the unloading of the hopper: when the hopper is storing more than 125 tons, care should be taken that the full bucket is not spread out above the hopper to discharge.
The conventional operation method is low in efficiency, and the production capacity of the conventional operation method cannot meet the requirement when the emergency situation occurs and needs to be temporarily improved. The following is a high efficiency unloading method of the present invention that can improve its productivity.
(1) Preparation work before formal operation: firstly, a girder of the luffing mechanism is laid flat so as to be convenient for operating a cab to run from a land side to a sea side. Secondly, the handrails and the doors of the cab are closed, and the cab is moved to the middle position of the sea-going vessel bin mouth, so that the operator can have the best sight. And thirdly, except that the trolley setting (the position of the warehouse side and the position of the sea side of the unloading ship) and the safe height setting in the initialization setting in the technical scheme I can not be carried out (note that the semi-automatic operation needs to be set), the rest initialization settings are all carried out.
(2) Instructions (left-right, front-back with operator as visual angle): the control method of the left handle of the operator comprises the following steps: the front and back operation controls the front and back movement of the cart (the larger the control angle of the handle, the faster the cart moves), and the left and right operation controls the left and right movement of the cart (the larger the control angle of the handle, the faster the cart moves), and the handle can control the cart and the cart to move simultaneously. Secondly, the control method of the right hand handle of the operator comprises the following steps: the front-back operation controls the descending and the lifting of the grab (the larger the control angle of the handle, the faster the running speed of the grab), and the left-right operation controls the closing and the opening of the grab (the larger the control angle of the handle, the faster the closing and the opening speed of the grab).
(3) one working cycle starting from the opening of the grab onto the hopper is: firstly, operating a left handle to right to enable a trolley to run to the sea side at a rated speed, immediately operating a right handle to move forward after a grab bucket leaves a funnel to enable the grab bucket to descend at the highest speed, observing the distribution condition of coal in a cabin of a sea wheel (note: uniformly grabbing coal as much as possible, and carrying out balanced receiving and unloading, so as to ensure that the coal amount in each cabin of the sea wheel is uniformly distributed to prevent the whole structure of the sea wheel from deforming), operating a large car (note: the speed of the trolley is greater than that of the large car) firstly because the grab bucket descends (about 1 second) and ascends (less than 0.6 second), operating the trolley (1-2 seconds) and operating the large car (2-3 seconds) have time delay from the rated speed to rest, then operating the small car, enabling the grab bucket to accurately fall about 50cm above a position needing to be grabbed (the time delay exists when the grab bucket descends), then operating the right handle to enable the grab bucket to start closing, and automatically finishing a bridge crane system (a supporting rope of a four-reel mechanism can appropriately descend when the grab bucket closes the grab bucket) to ensure The coal can be fully captured, and manual trimming can be carried out according to the condition of the coal quality: if the coal quality is loose, the supporting rope can be operated to descend a bit, namely, the right-hand handle is operated to rotate leftwards and move forwards a bit at the same time; if the coal quality is hard, the supporting ropes can be lowered a little bit; if the support rope descends too much, the support rope can be operated to ascend, namely the right-hand handle is operated to rotate leftwards and then backwards a little bit (note that the actual running speed of each mechanism is influenced by the power supply of a power plant and has a difference with the rated speed). When the coal overflows from the upper part of the jaw plate of the grab bucket, the situation at the moment shows that the grab bucket is full of the coal (the rated lifting capacity is 40t, and the lifting capacity can exceed 40t when the grab bucket is actually full of the coal), the right-hand handle can be directly operated to rotate backwards to lift the grab bucket without waiting for the full bucket closing position set by an encoder of the bridge crane. When the grab bucket rises above the opening of the unloading ship, the left handle is operated to enable the trolley to move towards the land side (above the funnel) along a track close to a straight line, when the grab bucket is guaranteed to rise to the limit of the working height, the trolley can move to the position with the horizontal distance of about 4 meters from the funnel, the right handle is operated to rotate rightwards to carry out the bucket opening operation, and as the grab bucket has time delay from rising to the bucket opening and the horizontal speed of the trolley driving the grab bucket is 180m/min, when the grab bucket opens the bucket, the grab bucket already moves to the upper side of the funnel. Because the whole process of opening the grab bucket and unloading is finished by utilizing the motion inertia of the grab bucket, when the grab bucket is opened to a half position, the right-hand handle can be immediately operated to rotate rightwards so that the grab bucket moves towards the sea side. By this point, one cycle of grab coal grabbing has been completed. According to the operation method, the time for completing one working cycle is 45s-55s, each bucket can grab about 25t of coal, and the coal unloading workload can reach 1800 t/h.
The method of the embodiment is mainly applied to the loading and unloading aspects of bulk freighters with the representative ship type of 5 ten thousand tons (7 ten thousand tons). The operation method solves the problem that the existing full-automatic operation mode and semi-automatic operation mode are difficult to reach the rated coal unloading amount (1500t/h), can ensure that the actual coal unloading amount exceeds 20 percent of the rated coal unloading amount under the condition that the bridge type ship unloader normally works, can realize the coal unloading work amount of 1800t/h, greatly improves the working efficiency of the bridge crane, saves electric energy, equipment loss and port cost of bulk carriers, and has strong practicability.
the embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-efficiency material unloading method based on a ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader is used for transferring materials from an unloading ship cabin on the sea side to a funnel on the land side, the bridge type ship unloader comprises a metal structure, a cart used for driving the metal structure to move back and forth, a cab, a trolley and a grab bucket which are arranged on the metal structure, and a four-reel mechanism used for controlling the left and right movement of the trolley and for controlling the lifting and the opening and the closing of the grab bucket, and is characterized in that a working cycle of the method starting from the opening of the grab bucket above the funnel comprises the following steps:
S1: controlling the trolley to run to the sea side at a rated speed, and immediately descending the grab bucket at the highest speed after the grab bucket leaves the hopper;
S2: in the descending process of the grab bucket, according to the distribution condition of materials in the unloading ship cabin, the front and back movement of the cart is controlled, then the left and right movement of the trolley is controlled, and the grab bucket falls to a preset position above a position to be grabbed in the unloading ship cabin under the principle of balanced unloading and loading;
S3: controlling the grab bucket to close to grab the material;
S4: when the grab bucket is full of materials, the grab bucket is directly controlled to ascend;
S5: when the grab bucket rises above the opening of the unloading ship, the trolley is controlled to move to the position above the funnel on the land side along a track close to a straight line, and when the grab bucket rises to the limit of the working height, the trolley moves to the position with the horizontal distance of 4 +/-0.5 m from the funnel, the grab bucket is controlled to be opened at the moment, and the grab bucket is controlled to move to the position above the funnel when the grab bucket is opened by utilizing the time delay from the rising of the grab bucket to the opening of the grab bucket;
S5: when the grab bucket is opened to a half position, the grab bucket is immediately controlled to move to the sea side, and a working cycle is completed.
2. The method for efficient unloading of materials based on a ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader of claim 1, further comprising moving the cab to a middle position of the unloading hold in advance before starting to ensure an optimal view for the operator.
3. The method for efficient unloading of materials based on a ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader of claim 1, further comprising initializing setup before starting.
4. The efficient material unloading method based on the ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloader is characterized in that a left handle for controlling the movement of a cart and a trolley and a right handle for controlling the lifting and the opening and the closing of the grab are arranged in a cab, the left handle and the right handle can be operated forwards and backwards and leftwards and rightwards, and the larger the operation amplitude is, the faster the corresponding equipment moves;
The front and back operation of the left hand handle is used for controlling the front and back movement of the cart, the left and right operation of the left hand handle is used for controlling the left and right movement of the trolley, the front and back operation of the right hand handle is used for controlling the descending and lifting of the grab bucket, and the left and right operation of the right hand handle is used for controlling the closing and opening of the grab bucket.
5. The method for unloading materials efficiently based on ZQX1500 bridge unloader, according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined position of the grab bucket falling above the position to be grabbed in the unloading ship cabin is 50 ± 10cm above the position to be grabbed in the unloading ship cabin in step S2.
6. The method for unloading materials efficiently based on ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader of claim 1, wherein in step S4, when coal overflows above the jaw plate of the grab, the grab is judged to be full.
7. The method for unloading materials efficiently based on ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the materials are coal, the rated production capacity of the ZQX1500 grab bridge unloader is 1500 t/h; the rated lifting capacity of the grab bucket is 40 t; the lifting speed and the descending speed of the grab bucket are respectively 130m/min and 160 m/min; the opening and closing speed of the grab bucket is 160m/min and 130 m/min; the running speed of the trolley is 180 m/min; the moving speed of the cart is 25 m/min.
8. The method for unloading materials efficiently based on ZQX1500 grab bridge type ship unloaders in claim 1, wherein the time of one working cycle of the method is 45-55 s, when the materials are coal, the mass of the coal grabbed by each grab bucket is 25t, and the generating capacity is 1800 t/h.
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