CN110548846A - radial functional gradient composite material casting equipment and method - Google Patents
radial functional gradient composite material casting equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110548846A CN110548846A CN201910887238.3A CN201910887238A CN110548846A CN 110548846 A CN110548846 A CN 110548846A CN 201910887238 A CN201910887238 A CN 201910887238A CN 110548846 A CN110548846 A CN 110548846A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
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Abstract
the invention relates to a device and a method for casting a radial functional gradient composite material, belonging to the field of preparation of metal-based gradient composite materials. The casting equipment consists of a crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil, an electromagnetic separation runner, a cooling device and a traction mechanism. The equipment has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance, high production efficiency and wide application range, can industrially produce the structure/function-adjustable functional gradient composite material in batches, has continuous, uniform and controllable distribution of the reinforcing phase, high surface hardness, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of the material, has the characteristics of excellent electric conduction, heat conduction, high strength, good toughness and the like in the interior, and has high matching degree of the reinforcing phase and the matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of metal-based gradient composite materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for casting a radial functional gradient composite material.
Technical Field
the functional gradient composite material is a novel heterogeneous composite material with functions gradually changed along with the change of the structure by selecting materials with different functions and continuously changing the composition and the structure of the materials by using a special preparation method. The ceramic/metal functional gradient composite material serving as the functional gradient composite material which is most widely applied at present has the characteristics of high hardness, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of ceramic, excellent electric conduction and heat conduction performance of metal, high strength, good toughness and the like, and solves the problems of physical property mismatch and the like of the traditional ceramic/metal composite material on a two-phase interface. The ceramic/metal functionally gradient composite material prepared by the in-situ self-generating method has the advantages of clean interface, good combination, uniform and controllable particle distribution, and can be used for preparing large-size and complex structural members. Therefore, the composite material can be widely applied to structural members such as airplane bodies, turbine blades, inner walls of combustion chambers, cutting tools, bearings, bulletproof armors, landing gears and the like.
Since the concept of the functionally gradient composite material was first proposed by japanese scholars in 1984, various preparation methods were developed by various scholars in the world, mainly including a vapor deposition method, a plasma spraying method, a self-propagating combustion high-temperature synthesis method, a powder metallurgy method, a laser cladding synthesis method, a centrifugal casting method, and the like. The preparation method generally has the problems of complex preparation process, low efficiency, high cost, unstable material performance and the like. The electromagnetic separation method is a novel preparation method of the functional gradient composite material, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and the like. The basic principle is that based on the difference of the electrical conductivity of the metal melt and the ceramic reinforcing phase, the electromagnetic force generated by the high-frequency magnetic field is utilized to control the migration and distribution of the reinforcing phase in the melt so as to realize the preparation of the ceramic/metal functional gradient composite material. The existing electromagnetic separation method generally comprises the following preparation processes: the molten metal is poured into a preheated casting mold wound with an induction coil, the solidification process is controlled by bottom cooling, and meanwhile, the high-frequency magnetic field is used for controlling the migration of an enhanced phase to prepare the in-situ crystallized metal-based functionally-gradient composite material, and the process still has the following problems:
(1) When the in-situ authigenic metal-based functional gradient composite material is prepared by using a high-frequency magnetic field, the formation and migration of the reinforcing phase and the solidification process of the composite material are simultaneously carried out in the same casting mold, so that on one hand, the authigenic reinforcing phase is not fully separated out or the size and the distribution are not uniform due to nonuniform cooling in the casting mold; on the other hand, the effect of electromagnetic induction heating cannot be avoided when the migration of the reinforcing phase is controlled, and the solidified composite material is easy to melt so as to destroy the continuity of the gradient composite material.
(2) the existing electromagnetic separation method for preparing the metal-based functionally-graded composite material adopts the traditional mould shell casting technology, the processes of alloy smelting, pouring, composite material preparation and the like are required to be respectively carried out in the preparation process, the preparation process is long, only single-piece preparation can be realized, the preparation process is discontinuous, and the efficiency is low.
Therefore, on the basis of an electromagnetic separation method, development of a radial functional gradient composite material casting device and a novel preparation method which have the advantages of continuous, uniformly distributed and controllable reinforcing phase, short process continuous flow and high efficiency have very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention combines the electromagnetic separation method for preparing the functionally gradient composite material with the continuous casting forming principle to form the electromagnetically separated functionally gradient composite material continuous casting technology. An electromagnetic separation flow channel is designed at the front end of a device for controlling solidification of traditional continuous casting equipment, and an enhancement phase forming and transferring process is separated from a functional gradient composite material solidification process on the basis of a traditional electromagnetic separation method. The temperature of the metal melt is controlled by utilizing the heating action of the high-frequency magnetic field on the metal melt, so that the formation control of the enhanced phase is realized; and regulating and controlling the distribution of the reinforcing phase in the melt by utilizing the electromagnetic force action of the high-frequency magnetic field on the reinforcing phase, and finally obtaining the metal melt with the reinforcing phase in gradient distribution along the radial direction. Meanwhile, the method introduces the idea of continuous casting into an electromagnetic separation method, so that the metal melt with the enhancement phase distributed in a gradient manner along the radial direction is continuously solidified under the cooling action of a casting mold and the bottom, and a solid-liquid interface is always maintained at the same position, and finally the radial functional gradient composite material is obtained.
the invention aims to provide a device and a method for casting a radial functional gradient composite material, which solve the defects of uneven size and distribution of an enhanced phase, long preparation flow, discontinuous process, low efficiency and the like of the traditional electromagnetic separation method.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a radial functional gradient composite material casting device is provided, which is characterized by comprising a crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil, an electromagnetic separation runner, a cooling device and a traction mechanism,
The crucible is used for melting the cast metal to form a metal melt and controlling the temperature of the metal melt;
The electromagnetic separation runner is communicated with the crucible, the electromagnetic induction coil communicated with a high-frequency power supply is arranged outside the electromagnetic separation runner, and the temperature of the metal melt in the electromagnetic separation runner is controlled and enhanced phase separation is realized by adjusting the power and frequency of the electromagnetic induction coil;
the cooling device is arranged at the lower part of the electromagnetic separation runner and is used for forcibly cooling the metal melt to dissipate heat along the axial direction and the radial direction of the metal melt, the casting blank is solidified and grown along the direction of reverse heat flow, and the reinforcing phase is solidified along with the metal melt to form a functional gradient composite material;
The traction mechanism is arranged at the rear part of the cooling device along the drawing direction of the casting blank and is used for continuously drawing the functional gradient composite material.
further, the crucible may be replaced with a tundish to facilitate continuous production.
further, the electromagnetic separation flow channel is arranged at the upper part, the lower part or the side part of the crucible, and when the electromagnetic separation flow channel is arranged at the upper part or the side part of the crucible, the metal melt flows into the electromagnetic separation flow channel under the action of hydrostatic pressure; when the electromagnetic separation flow channel is arranged at the lower part of the crucible, the metal melt flows into the electromagnetic separation flow channel under the action of gravity.
further, the number of the electromagnetic separation flow channels is one or more.
Further, the cooling device includes:
The water-cooled crystallizer is arranged near the outlet of the electromagnetic separation runner;
And the secondary cooling device is arranged between the water-cooled crystallizer and the traction mechanism.
Furthermore, the whole casting forming process can be controlled manually or by a computer, and the casting method can be any one of a downward pulling type, an upward pulling type, a horizontal type, an arc type or an inclined type.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radial functionally graded composite material casting method based on the casting apparatus of any one of the above, the casting method comprising the steps of:
step 1: the cast metal is heated and melted in the crucible to form a metal melt, and the metal melt flows into the electromagnetic separation runner from the crucible;
Step 2: the temperature of the metal melt in the electromagnetic separation flow channel is controlled through an electromagnetic induction coil, so that the forming process of the reinforced phase is regulated, meanwhile, the reinforced phase moves towards the surface of the metal melt in the electromagnetic separation flow channel under the action of electromagnetic force, and a metal melt mixture with less central reinforced phase and more outer surface reinforced phases is formed at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel;
And step 3: forcibly cooling the metal melt mixture through a cooling device, dissipating heat along the axial direction and the radial direction of the metal melt, solidifying and growing a casting blank along the direction of reverse heat flow, and solidifying an enhanced phase along with the metal melt to form a functional gradient composite material;
And 4, step 4: and under the action of the traction mechanism, the solidified functionally gradient composite material is continuously moved out of the cooling device, so that the functionally gradient composite material casting blank is continuously prepared.
Further, after the metal melt is formed in the step 1, adding a reinforcing phase to the metal melt to form a metal melt mixture, and enabling the metal melt mixture to flow into an electromagnetic separation runner from a crucible.
Further, in step 1, the crucible is placed in an environment protected by vacuum or inert gas.
Further, in step 2, the temperature of the metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation flow channel, the formation, movement and distribution of the reinforcing phase are regulated and controlled by the power and frequency of the electromagnetic induction coil, and the power is as follows: 1 ~ 100kW, the frequency is: 1 to 100 kHz.
Further, the cooling speed of the functionally graded composite material is controlled by the cooling intensity of the cooling device and the throwing speed of the traction mechanism.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the casting method of the radial functional gradient composite material separates the separation of the reinforcing phase from the solidification molding process of the functional gradient composite material in the existing electromagnetic separation preparation process of the functional gradient composite material, the method is easy to realize the formation and distribution regulation of the reinforcing phase, the reinforcing phase in the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is continuously and uniformly distributed, the structure/function designability is strong, and the requirements on the functional gradient composite material under different use conditions can be met.
(2) The radial functional gradient composite material casting equipment is simple, convenient to operate and maintain, high in production efficiency and wide in application range, can be used for continuously and industrially producing functional/structure-adjustable functional gradient composite materials in batches, and has the characteristics of high matching degree of a reinforcing phase and a matrix, high surface hardness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, excellent electric conduction, high heat conduction and strength, good toughness and the like in the material.
(3) The casting method of the radial functionally graded composite material has wide application range, and the functionally graded composite material can be cast and formed when the electric conductivity of the metal melt and the reinforced phase is different, the metal matrix material can be most of pure metals or alloys such as steel, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and the like, the reinforced phase can be added or autogenous ceramic materials such as SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, TiC, B 4 C, SiC, WC, VC, AlN, TiN, TiB 2, Ti 2 AlC and the like, and the functionally graded composite material can be formed in near-net-shape for products such as functionally graded composite wires, pipes, plates, strips, bars, sections and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a radial functionally graded composite casting apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein 1 is a metal melt to be cast; 2 is a crucible; 3 is a metal melt mixture; 4 is an electromagnetic induction coil; 5 is a reinforcing phase; 6 is an electromagnetic separation flow channel; 7 is a water-cooled crystallizer; 8 is a secondary cooling device; 9 is a casting blank of the functional gradient composite material; and 10, a traction mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, which are necessary to point out here only for further illustration of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
The radial functionally graded composite material casting equipment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached figure 1 as follows:
the casting equipment is composed of: the device consists of a crucible 2, an electromagnetic induction coil 4, an electromagnetic separation flow passage 6, a water-cooled crystallizer 7, a secondary cooling device 8 and a traction mechanism 10.
One or more electromagnetic separation flow passages 6 are arranged below (or above or beside) the crucible 2, and an electromagnetic induction coil 4 communicated with a high-frequency power supply is arranged outside the flow passages, so that the temperature of the metal melt mixture 3 in the electromagnetic separation flow passages can be controlled, and the separation of the enhanced phase 5 can be realized; the crucible 2 can also be replaced by a tundish, so as to facilitate continuous production; the metal melt in the crucible 2 flows into the electromagnetic separation runner 6 under the action of gravity (or hydrostatic pressure), the cross section of the inner cavity of the electromagnetic separation runner 6 is the same as that of the cast composite material and is made of a material which does not react with the cast metal melt and can not shield an electromagnetic field, an electromagnetic induction coil 4 outside the electromagnetic separation runner 6 is connected with a high-frequency power supply and then induces an electromagnetic field in the melt, the electromagnetic field and the metal melt interact to generate joule heat so as to realize the temperature control of the melt and control the formation of the enhanced phase 5, meanwhile, the electromagnetic force drives the enhanced phase 5 to move towards the outer surface of the melt, the central enhanced phase 5 of the metal melt mixture 3 at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation runner 6 is less, and the enhanced phase; a water-cooled crystallizer 7 is arranged below the electromagnetic separation runner to forcibly cool the cast metal, so that heat is dissipated along the axial direction and the radial direction of the water-cooled crystallizer, a casting blank grows along the direction of reverse heat flow, and an enhanced phase is solidified along with a metal melt to form a functional gradient composite material; the secondary cooling device 8 is positioned between the water-cooled crystallizer 7 and the traction mechanism 10 and is used for further cooling the functional gradient composite material 9; and a traction mechanism 10 is arranged behind the secondary cooling device 8 along the drawing direction of the casting blank, and the casting blank made of the functional gradient composite material is continuously drawn.
The invention relates to a method for casting a radial functional gradient composite material, which comprises the following steps:
the casting metal melt 1 with the temperature higher than the liquid phase temperature of the casting metal flows into the electromagnetic separation runner 6 from the crucible 2; the temperature control of the metal melt mixture 3 in the electromagnetic separation flow channel is realized through the electromagnetic induction coil 4, so that the forming process of the reinforced phase 5 is regulated and controlled, meanwhile, the reinforced phase moves towards the surface of the melt in the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 under the action of electromagnetic force, and the metal melt mixture 3 with less central reinforced phase 5 and more reinforced phases 5 on the outer surface is formed at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6; the water-cooled crystallizer 7 arranged near the outlet of the electromagnetic separation runner is used for forcibly cooling the cast functional gradient composite material 9; a secondary cooling device 8 is arranged at the lower part of the water-cooled crystallizer 7 to realize further cooling; under the action of the traction mechanism 10, the composite casting blank 9 with the functional gradient is continuously drawn. The temperature, the formation, the movement and the distribution of the metal melt mixture 5 in the electromagnetic separation runner can be regulated and controlled by the power and the frequency of the electromagnetic induction coil 4; the cooling speed of the cast functionally gradient composite material is controlled by the cooling intensity of the water-cooled crystallizer 7 and the secondary cooling device 8 and the throwing speed of the traction mechanism 10.
the crucible 2 can be placed in an environment protected by vacuum or inert gases such as argon and the like; the enhancement phase 3 is added or self-generated in situ; the cooling speed of the cast functionally gradient composite material is controlled by the cooling intensity of the water-cooled crystallizer 7 and the secondary cooling device 8 and the throwing speed of the traction mechanism 10.
the whole casting and forming process can be controlled manually or by a computer; the casting method may be any one of a down-draw type, an up-draw type, a horizontal type, an arc type, or an inclined type.
Example 1:
the method comprises the steps of continuously casting and forming an additional Al 2 O 3 surface-enhanced Al-based gradient composite bar with the diameter of 20mm, flowing an additional Al 2 O 3 ceramic particle volume fraction of 20% into an electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 from a crucible 2 filled with argon protection, adjusting the frequency of an electromagnetic induction coil 4 to be 2kHz, controlling the temperature of a metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 by adjusting the power, so that the temperature of the metal melt mixture 3 at an outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is 700 ℃, the temperature of cooling water in a water-cooled crystallizer 7 is 18 ℃, the flow rate is 1000L/h, the temperature of the cooling water in a secondary cooling device 8 is 18 ℃, the flow rate is 500L/h, forcibly cooling the Al 2 O 3 surface-enhanced Al-based gradient composite bar, continuously drawing by a drawing mechanism 10 at a blank drawing speed of 30mm/min to obtain a dense Al 2 O 3 surface-enhanced Al-based gradient composite bar 9, drawing a dense Al 2 O 3 surface-enhanced Al-based gradient composite bar with the surface quality being good, drawing Al 2 O7 particles from the center to the surface being 53962, and keeping the surface of the Al 632 particles being uniformly distributed and the hardness being good.
example 2:
The Mg 2 Si surface enhanced Al-based functional gradient composite strip with the width of 30mm and the thickness of 10mm is prepared, Al-18Si-7Mg alloy melt 1 flows into an electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 from a crucible 2 filled with argon protection, the frequency of an electromagnetic induction coil 4 is 2.5kHz, the temperature of a metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is controlled by adjusting power, so that the temperature of the metal melt mixture 3 at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is 620 ℃, the temperature of cooling water in a water-cooled crystallizer 7 is 18 ℃, the flow is 1000L/h, the temperature of cooling water in a secondary cooling device 8 is 18 ℃, the flow is 500L/h, the Si/Mg surface enhanced Al-based gradient composite strip is forcedly cooled, a traction mechanism 10 is used for continuously drawing at a blank drawing speed of 50mm/min, the Si/Mg 2 Si surface enhanced Al-based gradient composite strip 9 is obtained, the prepared Mg 2 Si surface enhanced Al-based gradient composite strip has good surface quality, the Si/Mg 2 Si enhanced phase is in gradient distribution from the center bar material surface to the surface, 90% of the Si/Mg enhanced Al-based gradient composite strip has high surface hardness, and the uniform and the surface of the enhanced Si/Mg 2 Si/Mg-based composite strip has excellent wear.
Example 3:
the TiC surface enhanced Cu-based functionally graded composite strip with the width of 20mm and the thickness of 5mm is prepared, a Cu melt 1 added with TiO 2 and C flows into an electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 from a crucible 2 filled with argon protection, the frequency of an electromagnetic induction coil 4 is 1.5kHz, the temperature of a metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is controlled by adjusting power, so that the temperature of the metal melt mixture 3 at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is 1100 ℃, the temperature of cooling water in a water-cooled crystallizer 7 is 18 ℃, the flow rate is 1000L/h, the temperature of cooling water in a secondary cooling device 8 is 18 ℃, the flow rate is 500L/h, the TiC surface enhanced Cu-based graded composite strip is forcibly cooled, a traction mechanism 10 continuously draws at a blank drawing speed of 30mm/min, the TiC surface enhanced Cu-based graded composite strip 9 is obtained, the prepared TiC surface enhanced Cu-based graded composite strip has good surface quality, TiC enhanced phases are distributed from the center of a bar to the surface in a graded manner, 90% of the TiC enhanced phases are uniformly distributed in a skin layer, the inner structure is fine, the surface hardness and the bar has high wear resistance.
Example 4:
The TiC surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite pipe 9 is prepared by preparing a TiC surface enhanced Cu-based functional gradient composite pipe with the diameter of 25mm and the wall thickness of 5mm, enabling a Cu melt 1 added with TiO 2 and C to flow into an electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 from a crucible 2 filled with argon protection, adjusting the frequency of an electromagnetic induction coil 4 to be 10kHz, adjusting the temperature of a metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 to enable the temperature of the metal melt mixture 3 at an outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 to be 1100 ℃, enabling the temperature of cooling water in a water-cooled crystallizer 7 to be 20 ℃, enabling the flow rate to be 800L/h, enabling the temperature of cooling water in a secondary cooling device 8 to be 18 ℃ and enabling the flow rate to be 400L/h, carrying out forced cooling on the TiC surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite pipe, continuously drawing by a drawing mechanism 10 at a blank drawing speed of 60mm/min to obtain the TiC surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite pipe 9, wherein the TiC surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite pipe is good in surface quality, TiC enhanced phases are distributed in a gradient from the surface of the pipe from the inner surface to the inner surface of the.
Example 5:
a TiC surface enhanced Fe-based gradient composite bar material with the diameter of 25mm is prepared, a Fe melt 1 added with TiO 2 and C flows into an electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 from a crucible 2 filled with argon protection, the frequency of an electromagnetic induction coil 4 is 30kHz, the temperature of a metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is controlled by adjusting the power, the temperature of the metal melt mixture 3 at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is 1500 ℃, the temperature of cooling water in a water-cooled crystallizer 7 is 15 ℃, the flow is 1200L/h, the temperature of cooling water in a secondary cooling device 8 is 15 ℃, the flow is 800L/h, the TiC surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite bar material is forcibly cooled, a traction mechanism 10 continuously draws at a blank drawing speed of 20mm/min, and the TiC surface enhanced Fe-based gradient composite bar material 9 is obtained.
Example 6:
The TiB2 surface enhanced Cu-based functional gradient composite T-shaped belt material is prepared, a Cu melt 1 added with TiO 2 and C flows into an electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 from a crucible 2 filled with argon protection, the frequency of an electromagnetic induction coil 4 is 3kHz, the temperature of a metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is controlled by adjusting power, the temperature of the metal melt mixture at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel 6 is 1100 ℃, the temperature of cooling water in a water-cooled crystallizer 7 is 18 ℃, the flow rate is 1000L/h, the temperature of cooling water in a secondary cooling device 8 is 18 ℃, the flow rate is 600L/h, the TiB2 surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite T-shaped belt material is forcedly cooled, a traction mechanism 10 is continuously drawn at a blank drawing speed of 30mm/min, the TiB2 surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite T-shaped belt material 9 is obtained, the prepared TiB2 surface enhanced Cu-based gradient composite T-shaped belt material is good in compact surface quality, TiB2 enhanced phases are distributed from the center of the bar material to the outer surface in a gradient manner, 90% of the TiB2 enhanced phases are uniformly distributed in the skin-shaped belt layer, the T-shaped belt material has fine internal structure, and the.
Claims (10)
1. the casting equipment for the radial functional gradient composite material is characterized by consisting of a crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil, an electromagnetic separation runner, a cooling device and a traction mechanism,
The crucible is used for melting the cast metal to form a metal melt and controlling the temperature of the metal melt;
the electromagnetic separation runner is communicated with the crucible, the electromagnetic induction coil communicated with a high-frequency power supply is arranged outside the electromagnetic separation runner, and the temperature of the metal melt in the electromagnetic separation runner is controlled and enhanced phase separation is realized by adjusting the power and frequency of the electromagnetic induction coil;
the cooling device is arranged at the lower part of the electromagnetic separation runner and is used for forcibly cooling the metal melt to dissipate heat along the axial direction and the radial direction of the metal melt, the casting blank is solidified and grown along the direction of reverse heat flow, and the reinforcing phase is solidified along with the metal melt to form a functional gradient composite material;
The traction mechanism is arranged at the rear part of the cooling device along the drawing direction of the casting blank and is used for continuously drawing the functional gradient composite material.
2. The radial functionally gradient composite casting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the crucible can be replaced by a tundish to facilitate continuous production.
3. The radial functionally gradient composite casting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic separation runner is provided at an upper portion, a lower portion or a side portion of the crucible, and when the electromagnetic separation runner is provided at the upper portion or the side portion of the crucible, the metal melt flows into the electromagnetic separation runner by hydrostatic pressure; when the electromagnetic separation flow channel is arranged at the lower part of the crucible, the metal melt flows into the electromagnetic separation flow channel under the action of gravity.
4. the radial functionally gradient composite casting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the number of electromagnetic separation flow channels is one or more.
5. The radial functionally gradient composite casting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cooling device comprises:
The water-cooled crystallizer is arranged near the outlet of the electromagnetic separation runner;
And the secondary cooling device is arranged between the water-cooled crystallizer and the traction mechanism.
6. A radial functionally graded composite casting method based on a radial functionally graded composite casting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the casting method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: the cast metal is heated and melted in the crucible to form a metal melt, and the metal melt flows into the electromagnetic separation runner from the crucible;
Step 2: the temperature of the metal melt in the electromagnetic separation flow channel is controlled through an electromagnetic induction coil, so that the forming process of the reinforced phase is regulated, meanwhile, the reinforced phase moves towards the surface of the metal melt in the electromagnetic separation flow channel under the action of electromagnetic force, and a metal melt mixture with less central reinforced phase and more outer surface reinforced phases is formed at the outlet of the electromagnetic separation flow channel;
And step 3: forcibly cooling the metal melt mixture through a cooling device, dissipating heat along the axial direction and the radial direction of the metal melt, solidifying and growing a casting blank along the direction of reverse heat flow, and solidifying an enhanced phase along with the metal melt to form a functional gradient composite material;
And 4, step 4: and under the action of the traction mechanism, the solidified functionally gradient composite material is continuously moved out of the cooling device, so that the functionally gradient composite material casting blank is continuously prepared.
7. The method for casting the radial functional gradient composite material as claimed in claim 6, wherein after the metal melt is formed in the step 1, a reinforcing phase is added to the metal melt to form a metal melt mixture, and the metal melt mixture flows into the electromagnetic separation runner from the crucible.
8. The method for casting a radial functional gradient composite material as defined in claim 6, wherein in the step 1, the crucible is placed in an environment protected by vacuum or inert gas.
9. the method for casting a radial functionally graded composite material according to claim 6, wherein in the step 2, the temperature of the metal melt mixture in the electromagnetic separation runner, the formation and movement of the reinforcing phase are controlled by the power and frequency of the electromagnetic induction coil, and the power is as follows: 1 ~ 100kW, the frequency is: 1 to 100 kHz.
10. the method for casting the radial functionally graded composite material according to claim 6, wherein the cooling speed of the functionally graded composite material is controlled by the cooling intensity of a cooling device and the blank drawing speed of a traction mechanism, the casting forming process is controlled manually or by a computer, and the casting method is any one of a downward drawing method, an upward drawing method, a horizontal method, an arc method or an inclined method.
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| FR2085261B1 (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1974-08-09 | Centrifugation Et | |
| EP0290866A3 (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1989-07-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Improved discrete excitation coil producing seal at continuous casting machine pouring tube outlet nozzle/mold inlet interface |
| CN1218800C (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-09-14 | 上海交通大学 | Electromagnetic-separation preparing method for multigradient/multilayer self-generating-gradient composite material |
| CN1676240A (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2005-10-05 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Electromagnetic separating continuous preparing method and equipment for metal-base autogenic gradient composite pipe |
| CN2860681Y (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2007-01-24 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Electromagnetic separating continuous preparing device for metal-base autogenic gradient composite pipe |
| CN101199989B (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2010-06-02 | 江苏大学 | Method of continuous casting particulate reinforced metal matrix composites on different frequency multi-electromagnetic field |
| CN101386060B (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2011-09-28 | 苏州有色金属研究院有限公司 | Novel copper and copper alloy plate belt electromagnetism assistant casting method and device |
| CN102672125A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-09-19 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Continuous casting equipment and method of gradient steel materials |
| CN102874816B (en) * | 2012-10-27 | 2014-08-27 | 大连理工大学 | Method and device for preparing polysilicon by electromagnetically separating aluminum-silicon alloy solution |
| CN103464706A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2013-12-25 | 上海大学 | Method and device for continuously casting and preparing high-oriented uniform fine-crystalline structure |
| JP2015096269A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Up-drawing continuous casting apparatus and up-drawing continuous casting method |
| CN203635889U (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-06-11 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Apparatus for continuous production of large-size high-quality aluminum alloy cast ingots |
| CN104741552B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2017-10-10 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of device and method for preparing big specification ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy continuous casting |
| CN106984782B (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2019-05-28 | 燕山大学 | A kind of more metal composite pipe horizontal continuous casting apparatus of pulse current auxiliary |
| CN107119192B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2019-02-22 | 上海大学 | The method and device of electromagnetism vortex driving force purifying molten metal |
| CN109014098B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-11-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Continuous casting forming device and method for ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite |
-
2019
- 2019-09-19 CN CN201910887238.3A patent/CN110548846A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-09-10 CN CN202010948432.0A patent/CN111974961B/en active Active
- 2020-09-10 CN CN202010948436.9A patent/CN111974962B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111974962B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
| CN111974961B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
| CN111974961A (en) | 2020-11-24 |
| CN111974962A (en) | 2020-11-24 |
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