CN110546652A - 现场供电生物计量设备以及控制现场供电生物计量设备的方法 - Google Patents

现场供电生物计量设备以及控制现场供电生物计量设备的方法 Download PDF

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CN110546652A
CN110546652A CN201880027791.3A CN201880027791A CN110546652A CN 110546652 A CN110546652 A CN 110546652A CN 201880027791 A CN201880027791 A CN 201880027791A CN 110546652 A CN110546652 A CN 110546652A
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circuit
biometric
field
threshold voltage
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彼得·阿尔默斯
大卫·卡林
罗尔夫·松德布拉德
尼古拉斯·韦纳
本杰明·威尔科克斯
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Fingerprint kaana Kadun Intellectual Property Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

一种控制现场供电生物计量设备(1)的操作的方法,该现场供电生物计量设备(1)包括生物计量获取电路(16)、能够被控制以在具有第一功耗的第一功能状态与具有低于第一功耗的第二功耗的第二功能状态之间转换的处理电路(18)以及电力管理电路(20)。该方法包括以下步骤:通过电力管理电路(20)监测(100)指示到处理电路(18)的供应电压(Vsupply)的属性;当所监测的属性指示供应电压已经下降至第一阈值电压(VTH1)时,对处理电路(18)进行控制(104)以从第一功能状态转换至第二功能状态;以及当所监测的属性指示供应电压(Vsupply)已经增加至高于第一阈值电压(VTH1)的第二阈值电压(VTH2)时,对处理电路(18)进行控制(110)以从第二功能状态转换至第一功能状态。

Description

现场供电生物计量设备以及控制现场供电生物计量设备的 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及现场供电生物计量设备以及控制现场供电生物计量设备的方法。
背景技术
最近已经引入了生物计量系统作为用于增加诸如移动电话等的个人电子设备的便利性和安全性的手段。特别地,如今在所有新发布的诸如移动电话的个人通信设备的大部分设备中包括有指纹感测系统。
近来,还努力在可能具有较少计算能力和/或可用能量的其他设备中引入诸如指纹感测系统的生物计量系统。这种其他设备的示例是所谓的智能卡、门锁以及所谓的物联网(IoT)类别中的设备等。
现场供电设备是一类要求特别高的设备,对其引入生物计量能力将是有益的。由于现场供电设备的操作取决于从RF激励场收集的电力,因此电力管理的问题是重要的。对于具有相对复杂功能的现场供电设备,诸如例如可能需要能够按需对现场供电生物计量设备的用户进行认证的现场供电生物计量设备尤其是这种情况。
WO 2017/025481描述了RFID设备中的电力优化方法,该方法包括:使用天线从射频激励场收集电力,使用从天线所收集的电力为生物计量认证单元和RFID通信模块供电;监测供应至生物计量认证单元的电力的电压;并且通过当检测到高电压电平时以较高的时钟速度操作处理单元且当检测到低电压电平时以较低的时钟速度操作处理单元,基于所监测的电压,控制生物计量认证单元的处理单元的时钟速度。
似乎存在对于改进现场供电生物计量设备的空间,特别是提供更稳定操作的现场供电生物计量设备。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的上述缺点和其他缺点,本发明的目的是提供一种改进的现场供电生物计量设备,特别是提供更稳定操作的现场供电生物计量设备。
根据本发明的第一方面,因此提供了一种使用从时变电场收集的电力来获取用户的生物计量表示并且执行对用户的生物计量表示的操作的现场供电生物计量设备,该现场供电生物计量设备包括:生物计量获取电路,其用于获取用户的生物计量表示;连接至生物计量获取电路的处理电路,该处理电路用于从生物计量获取电路接收生物计量表示并且执行对生物计量表示的操作,处理电路能够被控制以在具有第一功耗的第一功能状态与具有低于第一功耗的第二功耗的第二功能状态之间转换;连接至处理电路的电力管理电路,该电力管理电路被配置成:监测指示到处理电路的供应电压的属性;当所监测的属性指示供应电压已经下降至第一阈值电压时,对处理电路进行控制以从第一功能状态转换至第二功能状态;以及当所监测的属性指示供应电压已经从第一阈值电压改变为高于第一阈值电压的第二阈值电压时,对处理电路进行控制以从第二功能状态转换回至第一功能状态。
对用户的生物计量表示的上述操作例如可以包括各种本身已知的图像处理和图像增强操作,以及与生物计量登记和认证相关的操作。
在实施方式中,生物计量获取电路可以包括诸如电容式指纹感测装置的指纹感测装置。在其他实施方式中,生物计量获取电路可以包括被配置成捕获用户的其他生物计量表示(诸如虹膜或视网膜或面部等)的图像的传感器。
在实施方式中,指示提供至处理电路的供应电压的上述属性可以是供应电压本身。然后可以直接或间接地监测供应电压。可替选地,上述属性可以是供应电流与消耗电流之间的关系,或者是与供应电压相关(诸如成比例)的另一电压。作为另一替选方案,上述属性可以是电场的场强与消耗电流之间的关系。
本发明基于以下实现:可以通过直接或间接地监测提供至处理电路的供应电压并且根据供应电压的大小在功能状态之间控制处理电路,来使现场供电生物计量设备的操作自动地适于从电场收集的可用电力。
在根据本发明的实施方式的现场供电生物计量设备中,到处理电路的时钟频率可以被允许为是恒定的,这提供了更稳定的(诸如温度稳定的)操作和简化的系统设计。
在根据本发明的指纹感测系统的各种实施方式中,处理电路可以被配置成:当正在从第一功能状态转换至第二功能状态时,暂停对生物计量表示的操作;并且当正在从第二功能状态转换回至第一功能状态时,恢复对生物计量表示的操作。
因此,第一功能状态与第二功能状态之间的转换将通常只会导致执行上述操作所需的处理时间稍长些。在大多数情况下,用户可能不会注意到这一点。
根据实施方式,现场供电生物计量设备还可以包括能量存储设备,该能量存储设备被布置和被配置成:当从电场收集的可用电力大于操作现场供电生物计量设备所需的需求电力时,接收电流并且存储电能;以及当从电场收集的可用电力小于操作现场供电生物计量设备所需的需求电力时,向处理电路提供电流,从而减少所存储的电能。
能量存储设备可以有利地包括与处理设备并联连接的电容器,使得存储在电容器中的能量的量的增加将导致到处理电路的供应电压增加。
当从电场收集的可用电力不足以在第一功能状态下(在足够长的时间期间)为处理电路供电时,供应电压将下降至第一阈值电压,并且处理电路将被控制以从第一功能状态转换至第二功能状态。如果从电场收集的可用电力大于在第二功能状态下为处理电路供电所需的电力,则多余的能量将存储在电容器中,导致供应电压增加。当供应电压上升至高于第一阈值电压的第二阈值电压时,处理电路被控制回到第一功能状态并且恢复对生物计量表示的操作。
根据各种实施方式,现场供电生物计量设备还可以包括连接至处理电路的时钟信号提供电路,该时钟信号提供电路用于向处理电路提供时钟信号,时钟信号提供电路被配置成:无论处理电路处于第一功能状态还是处于第二功能状态都向处理电路提供具有恒定时钟频率的时钟信号。与能够被控制以根据可用能量来改变时钟频率的时钟信号提供电路相比,设计被配置成无论处理电路处于第一功能状态还是处于第二功能状态都向处理电路提供具有恒定时钟频率的时钟信号的时钟信号提供电路简单得多。此外,由现场供电生物计量设备执行的操作的正确定时更容易实现。例如,除处理电路以外的电路可以继续以基本恒定的时钟频率操作。
为了在现场供电生物计量设备的功耗方面提供甚至更多的可变性,电力管理电路还可以被配置成:当所监测的属性指示供应电压已经下降至第一阈值电压时,将时钟信号提供电路与处理电路或处理电路的部分断开;以及当所监测的属性指示供应电压已经从第一阈值电压改变为第二阈值电压时,将时钟信号提供电路重新连接至处理电路或处理电路的上述部分。
根据本发明的实施方式的现场供电生物计量设备还可以包括连接至生物计量获取电路、处理电路以及电力管理电路的能量收集电路,该能量收集电路用于与时变电场相互作用以将来自电场的无线能量在现场供电生物计量设备中变换为AC电力;以及将AC电力转变为DC电力。
能量收集电路可以包括用于与时变电场相互作用的线圈以及连接至线圈的整流器。
在实施方式中,现场供电生物计量设备还可以包括电压限制电路,该电压限制电路被布置和被配置成将到处理电路的供应电压限制为高于第二阈值电压的最大供应电压。这种电压限制电路例如可以使用与处理电路并联连接的本身已知的分流器来实现。
根据各种实施方式,处理电路可以能够被控制成其中处理电路保存设置以准备关闭的第三功能状态;并且电力管理电路还可以被配置成:当所监测的属性指示供应电压下降至低于第一阈值电压的第三阈值电压以下时,对处理电路进行控制以从第二功能状态转换至第三功能状态。在第三功能状态下,处理电路例如可以保存关于当前操作状态的信息,以能够在稍后改善能量供应情况时恢复操作。另外,处理电路可以被配置成在第三功能状态下擦除敏感信息,诸如由现场供电生物计量设备存储的任何加密数据和/或生物计量数据。这些措施可以降低可能的攻击者访问敏感信息的风险。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种控制现场供电生物计量设备的操作的方法,该现场供电生物计量设备包括生物计量获取电路、能够被控制以在具有第一功耗的第一功能状态与具有低于第一功耗的第二功耗的第二功能状态之间转换的处理电路以及电力管理电路,该方法包括以下步骤:由电力管理电路监测指示到处理电路的供应电压的属性;当所监测的属性指示供应电压已经下降至第一阈值电压时,对处理电路进行控制以从第一功能状态转换至第二功能状态;以及当所监测的属性指示供应电压已经增加至高于第一阈值电压的第二阈值电压时,对处理电路进行控制以从第二功能状态转换至第一功能状态。
本发明的该第二方面的其他实施方式以及通过本发明的该第二方面获得的效果大致类似于上面针对本发明的第一方面所描述的那些。
附图说明
现在将参照示出本发明的示例实施方式的附图来更详细地描述本发明的这些和其他方面,在附图中:
图1a是以所谓的非接触式智能卡的形式的根据本发明的实施方式的示例性现场供电生物计量设备的图示;
图1b是图1a中的智能卡在被分层以显示智能卡的功能部分时的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的实施方式的现场供电生物计量设备的示意性框图;
图3是示出根据本发明的实施方式的方法的流程图;以及
图4是示意性地示出按照根据图3中的流程图的方法对图2中的现场供电生物计量设备进行操作的图。
具体实施方式
在本详细描述中,主要参照包括用于获取以指纹图像形式的生物计量表示的指纹感测装置的现场供电生物计量设备来描述根据本发明的现场供电生物计量设备的各种实施方式。此外,现场供电生物计量设备被描述为包括在非接触式智能卡(其本身是现场供电生物计量设备)中。应当注意,包括各种其他种类的生物计量获取电路的现场供电生物计量设备落入由权利要求书所限定的范围内。此外,根据本发明的实施方式的现场供电生物计量设备不限于包括在(或是)非接触式智能卡中。
图1a以包括生物计量模块3的所谓的非接触式智能卡1的形式示意性地示出根据本发明的现场供电生物计量设备的第一示例实施方式。应当注意,生物计量模块3也是现场供电生物计量设备。
如图1b中示意性示出的,智能卡1另外包括天线5和安全元件7。天线5用于从时变电场收集电力,并且用于通常通过负载调制与诸如读卡器(未示出)的远程设备进行无线通信。安全元件7例如可以包含用于授权交易的信息,并且安全元件7连接至生物计量模块3。当用户通过生物计量模块3(或通过与安全元件7协作的生物计量模块3)被认证时,包含在安全元件7中的信息可以被解锁并且允许该信息经由天线5无线地传送至读卡器。
图2是包括电力收集电路12和生物计量模块3的现场供电生物计量系统10的示意性框图。
电力收集电路12包括线圈(天线)5和整流器14。生物计量模块3包括在此具有指纹传感器16的形式的生物计量获取电路、在此具有微处理器18的形式的处理电路、电力管理电路20、在此具有振荡器22的形式的时钟信号提供电路、在此具有分流器24的形式的电压限制电路以及具有电容器26的形式的能量存储设备。
如图2中示意性指示的,指纹传感器16、微处理器18、电力管理电路20、振荡器22、分流器24以及能量存储电容器26均与电力收集电路12的整流器14并联连接,以从整流器14接收经整流的供应电压Vsupply。微处理器18耦接至指纹传感器16以控制指纹传感器16的操作并且从指纹传感器16接收生物计量表示(指纹表示)。振荡器22耦接至微处理器18和指纹传感器16,以向微处理器18和指纹传感器16提供具有基本恒定的时钟频率的时钟信号。电力管理电路20耦接至微处理器18以及布置在振荡器22与微处理器18和指纹传感器16之间的可控开关28。微处理器18至少在呈现第一功耗的第一功能状态与呈现低于第一功耗的第二功耗的第二功能状态之间是可控的。在第一功能状态下,微处理器18可以处于完全操作并且能够执行对从指纹传感器16接收的生物计量表示的各种操作,并且在第二功能状态下,微处理器18可以处于其中任何正在进行的操作可以被暂停且搁置的低电力状态。
由电力收集电路12从电场收集的电力将取决于电场强度。如果从电场收集的电力大于生物计量模块3所需的电力,则由整流器14输出的电压将增加至由分流器24限制的预定义最大电压Vmax。如本领域普通技术人员所已知的,分流器允许电流流过分流器,从而将电压保持在分流器被设计用于的电压。
现在将参照图3中的流程图并且在适用的情况下另外参照图2和图4来描述根据本发明的实施方式的方法。
在第一步骤100中,由电力管理电路20监测供应电压Vsupply。为此,电力管理电路20例如可以包括至少一个比较器。这种比较器的一个输入端可以连接至供应电压Vsupply,并且另一输入端可以连接至能够被控制以提供至少两个阈值电压VTH1和VTH2之一的电路。取决于供应电压Vsupply的先前电平,这种比较器可以被配置成将供应电压Vsupply与第一阈值电压VTH1或第二阈值电压VTH2(和/或与微处理器18的其他功能模式相关的任何其他阈值电压)进行比较。
在此假定由电力收集电路12提供的所收集的电力最初足以在微处理器18以其第一功能状态操作的情况下为生物计量模块3供电。这意味着微处理器18最初处于其第一功能状态,供应电压Vsupply高于第一阈值电压VTH1,并且到微处理器的电流Iproc相对高。图2中的可选时钟选通开关28由电力管理电路20控制为闭合,从而将具有基本恒定的时钟频率的时钟信号提供至微处理器18和指纹传感器16。该最初时间点由图4的图中的附图标记30指示。图4中的图是针对由电力收集电路12从电场收集的电力不足以支持生物计量模块3的连续操作的情况,供应电压Vsupply在时间上的略微简化的图示。
在步骤102中,确定供应电压Vsupply是否已经下降至第一阈值电压VTH1。只要不是这种情况,就允许微处理器18保持在其第一功能状态下,并且连续监测供应电压Vsupply。这在图3中由从步骤102至步骤100的回环指示,并且在图4的图中由时间间隔32指示。相反,如果在步骤102中确定供应电压Vsupply已经下降至第一阈值电压VTH1,这被指示为发生在由图4的图中的附图标记34指示的时间处,则该方法进行至随后的步骤104,并且电力管理电路20控制微处理器18以转换至第二功能状态,例如,可以暂停由微处理器18执行的操作。可选地,如图2中示意性指示的,可以断开时钟选通开关28以防止将时钟信号提供至微处理器18和/或指纹传感器16(的部分)。如图4的图中示意性指示的,从第一功能状态至第二功能状态的转换被允许采用预定义(和/或能够配置)数目的时钟周期,如图4的图中标记为36的时间段指示的。
在第二功能状态下,微处理器18的功耗显著降低。换言之,到微处理器18的电流Iproc显著减小。然后,对图2中的能量存储电容器26进行充电,导致供应电压Vsupply增加,如由图4的图中的时间段38指示的。在该时间段38期间,在步骤106中,电力管理电路22监测增加的供应电压Vsupply
在步骤108中,确定供应电压Vsupply是否已经上升至第二阈值电压VTH2。只要不是这种情况,就允许微处理器18保持在其第二功能状态下,并且连续监测供应电压Vsupply。这在图3中由从步骤108至步骤106的回环指示。相反,如果在步骤108中确定供应电压Vsupply已经上升至第二阈值电压VTH2,这被指示为发生在图4的图中的时间40处,则该方法进行至随后的步骤110,并且电力管理电路20控制微处理器18以转换回第一功能状态,使得可以恢复操作。同时或者稍早一些,如果适用的话,电力管理电路可以控制时钟选通开关28再次闭合。然后,该方法返回至步骤100,并且如图4的图中示意性指示的在活动时间段32与非活动(等待)时间段38之间交替。假设时间段36与时间段32和时间段38相比非常小,则花费在处理上的时间比例非常接近Isource/Iproc,其中Isource是由电力收集电路12提供的电流。
在权利要求书中,词语“包括”不排除其他元件或步骤,并且不定冠词“一(a)”或“一个(an)”不排除多个。在相互不同的从属权利要求中记载某些手段的仅有事实并不指示不能有利地使用这些手段的组合。

Claims (13)

1.一种使用从时变电场收集的电力来获取用户的生物计量表示并且执行对所述用户的所述生物计量表示的操作的现场供电生物计量设备(1),所述现场供电生物计量设备包括:
生物计量获取电路(16),其用于获取所述用户的所述生物计量表示;
连接至所述生物计量获取电路的处理电路(18),所述处理电路(18)用于从所述生物计量获取电路接收所述生物计量表示并且执行对所述生物计量表示的所述操作,所述处理电路(18)能够被控制以在呈现第一功耗的第一功能状态与呈现低于所述第一功耗的第二功耗的第二功能状态之间转换;
连接至所述处理电路的电力管理电路(20),所述电力管理电路被配置成:
监测指示到所述处理电路(18)的供应电压(Vsupply)的属性;
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)已经下降至第一阈值电压(VTH1)时,对所述处理电路(18)进行控制以从所述第一功能状态转换至所述第二功能状态;以及
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)已经从所述第一阈值电压(VTH1)改变为高于所述第一阈值电压的第二阈值电压(VTH2)时,对所述处理电路(18)进行控制以从所述第二功能状态转换回至所述第一功能状态,其中:
所述处理电路(18)能够被控制成其中所述处理电路保存设置以准备关闭的第三功能状态;以及
所述电力管理电路(20)还被配置成:
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)下降至低于所述第一阈值电压的第三阈值电压以下时,对所述处理电路进行控制以从所述第二功能状态转换至所述第三功能状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),其中,所述处理电路(18)被配置成:
当正在从所述第一功能状态转换至所述第二功能状态时,暂停对所述生物计量表示的所述操作;以及
当正在从所述第二功能状态转换回至所述第一功能状态时,恢复对所述生物计量表示的所述操作。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),还包括能量存储设备(26),所述能量存储设备(26)被布置和被配置成:
当从所述电场收集的可用电力大于操作所述现场供电生物计量设备所需的需求电力时,接收电流并且存储电能;以及
当从所述电场收集的所述可用电力小于操作所述现场供电生物计量设备所需的所述需求电力时,向所述处理电路(18)提供电流。
4.根据权利要求3所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),其中,所述能量存储设备包括电容器(26)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),还包括连接至所述处理电路(18)的时钟信号提供电路(22),所述时钟信号提供电路(22)用于向所述处理电路提供时钟信号,所述时钟信号提供电路被配置成:无论所述处理电路(18)处于所述第一功能状态还是处于所述第二功能状态都向所述处理电路提供具有恒定时钟频率的所述时钟信号。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),其中,所述电力管理电路(20)还被配置成:
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)已经下降至所述第一阈值电压(VTH1)时,将所述时钟信号提供电路(22)与所述处理电路(18)断开;以及
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)已经从所述第一阈值电压(VTH1)改变为所述第二阈值电压(VTH2)时,将所述时钟信号提供电路(22)重新连接至所述处理电路(18)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),还包括连接至所述生物计量获取电路(16)、所述处理电路(18)以及所述电力管理电路(20)的能量收集电路(12),所述能量收集电路(12)用于:
与所述时变电场相互作用以将来自所述电场的无线能量在所述现场供电生物计量设备(1)中变换为AC电力;以及
将所述AC电力转变为DC电力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),其中,所述能量收集电路(12)包括用于与所述时变电场相互作用的线圈(5)以及连接至所述线圈的整流器(14)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),还包括电压限制电路(24),所述电压限制电路(24)被布置和被配置成将到所述处理电路(18)的所述供应电压(Vsupply)限制到高于所述第二阈值电压(VTH2)的最大供应电压。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),其中:
所述处理电路(18)包括加密块;并且
所述处理电路(18)在所述第三功能状态下还擦除所述加密块中的任何数据。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的现场供电生物计量设备(1),其中,所述生物计量获取电路包括指纹感测装置(16)。
12.一种控制现场供电生物计量设备(1)的操作的方法,所述现场供电生物计量设备(1)包括生物计量获取电路(16)、能够被控制成在具有第一功耗的第一功能状态与具有低于所述第一功耗的第二功耗的第二功能状态之间转换的处理电路(18)以及电力管理电路(20),所述方法包括以下步骤:
由所述电力管理电路(20)监测(100)指示到所述处理电路(18)的供应电压(Vsupply)的属性;
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)已经下降至第一阈值电压(VTH1)时,对所述处理电路(18)进行控制(104)以从所述第一功能状态转换至所述第二功能状态;以及
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)已经增加至高于所述第一阈值电压(VTH1)的第二阈值电压(VTH2)时,对所述处理电路(18)进行控制(110)以从所述第二功能状态转换至所述第一功能状态,其中:
所述处理电路(18)能够被控制成其中所述处理电路(18)保存设置以准备关闭的第三功能状态;以及
所述方法还包括以下步骤:
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压下降至低于所述第一阈值电压的第三阈值电压以下时,对所述处理电路(18)进行控制以从所述第二功能状态转换至所述第三功能状态。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中:
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压(Vsupply)已经下降至所述第一阈值电压(VTH1)时,对所述处理电路进行控制以暂停对用户的生物计量表示的操作;以及
当所监测的属性指示所述供应电压已经从所述第一阈值电压改变为所述第二阈值电压时,对所述处理电路进行控制以恢复对所述用户的所述生物计量表示的所述操作。
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