CN110545612B - Multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon plasma source - Google Patents
Multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon plasma source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field accelerating helicon wave plasma source, which uses helicon wave discharge plasma as a plasma first-order ionization source, uses a multi-stage stepped contraction ionization structure, and uses a magnetic confinement structure and a rotating magnetic field accelerating structure to accelerate the plasma. The invention uses the multistage step ionization technology to improve the ionization rate and the plasma density of the plasma source propellant, uses the magnetic confinement and rotating magnetic field acceleration structure to accelerate the plasma, and improves the ejection speed of the plasma.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plasma sources, and particularly relates to a multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon plasma source which uses helicon discharge plasma as a plasma first-order ionization source, uses a multi-stage stepped shrinkage ionization structure, and uses a magnetic confinement structure and a rotating magnetic field acceleration structure to accelerate the plasma.
Background
Helicon plasma sources are devices that efficiently convert rf energy into high density plasma through an antenna system without electrode contact. It has multiple propellants (oxygen-enriched gas or air), no electrode (long service life), high ionization rate (central region close to 100%), and high density (10%17-1020m-3) Low magnetic field confinement (<0.1T), high controllability (multi-mode operation), and the like, is very suitable for being used as a direct propeller in the field of space propulsion or being used as an ion source to be combined with other ion accelerating devices to become a second-order accelerated helicon wave plasma source, and can be subjected to high-power and low-power bidirectional optimization design to match different task requirements in the field of space propulsion.
At present, helicon plasma sources are mainly classified into two main categories: a first order accelerating plasma source, and a second order accelerating plasma source. In the first-order acceleration plasma source, the generation and acceleration processes of ions are completed in a discharge chamber, for example, the helical wave double-layer plasma source directly utilizes a current-free double-layer structure generated in the discharge chamber of the helical wave source to accelerate the ions, thereby obtaining the thrust. The main advantage of the plasma source is the electrodeless design, no corrosion is generated, and therefore the lifetime of the plasma source is greatly increased. However, the results of the study show that the plasma source has a low thrust (a few mN), a low efficiency (< 3%), a diverging ion beam (beam divergence half angle of about 80 °), and is not suitable for direct thruster application.
The reason that the efficiency of generating ions by the helicon wave source is high, so that the thrust efficiency of the helicon wave double-layer plasma source is low is probably that the acceleration effect on the ions is insufficient. In order to further accelerate the high-density ions in the first-order helicon wave source and obtain higher thrust and thrust efficiency, a second-order accelerating helicon wave plasma source is developed, namely the high-density ions generated by the helicon wave source are further accelerated by utilizing technologies such as Laval nozzle, magnetic nozzle, ion cyclotron resonance, electrostatic grid acceleration, Hall electromagnetic acceleration and the like.
In the existing second-order acceleration plasma source, the Laval nozzle or magnetic nozzle technology is independently used for acceleration, the ionization rate is not high, and the acceleration efficiency is low. The use of ion cyclotron resonance for acceleration requires a super strong magnetic field structure, greatly increases the complexity of the system, and the resonance effect is uncertain and difficult to evaluate. The second-order helicon wave plasma source accelerated by the static grid or the Hall electromagnetic requires the components such as a cathode, a neutralizer and the like which are easy to corrode and seriously restrict the service life of the plasma source, the requirement on the processing precision of the static grid is high, the problems of short circuit and sputtering corrosion between grids are easy to occur, and the service life of the plasma source is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon plasma source, which uses helicon discharge plasma as a plasma first-order ionization source, uses a multi-stage stepped shrinkage ionization structure, and uses a magnetic confinement structure and a rotating magnetic field acceleration structure to accelerate the plasma. The invention uses the multistage step ionization technology to improve the ionization rate and the plasma density of the plasma source propellant, and uses the magnetic confinement and rotating magnetic field acceleration structure to accelerate the plasma, thereby improving the ejection speed of the plasma. In addition, the integral structure design of the invention does not need components such as a discharge electrode, a neutralizer and the like which are easy to corrode and seriously restrict the service life of the plasma source, thereby improving the performance and the service life of the plasma source.
The invention provides a multistage ionization rotating magnetic field accelerating helical wave plasma source, which comprises a discharge cavity, a first-stage helical wave antenna, a first-stage helical wave magnetic coil, a second-stage helical wave antenna, a second-stage helical wave magnetic coil, a magnetic mirror structure and a rotating magnetic field accelerating coil,
the discharge cavity sequentially comprises a large-diameter section, a contraction section, a small-diameter section and an expansion section, one end of the large-diameter section is closed, a hole for propellant to enter is formed in the large-diameter section, and one end of the expansion section is used for a plasma outlet;
the first-stage helical wave antenna is wound on the periphery of the large-diameter section, and the first-stage helical wave magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of the first-stage helical wave antenna; the second-stage helical wave antenna is wound on the periphery of the small-diameter section, and the second-stage helical wave magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of the second-stage helical wave antenna;
the magnetic mirror structure comprises a first stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil and a second stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil, the first stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of the contraction section, and the second stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of one end of the expansion section close to the small-diameter section;
the rotating magnetic field accelerating coil is arranged on the periphery of one end, close to the opening, of the expansion section and comprises an even number of rotating magnetic field accelerating coils which are symmetrically distributed.
In some embodiments, the even plurality of rotating magnetic field accelerating coils can be 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 in number.
In some embodiments, the magnetic flux of the magnetic field generated by each of the first and second stage magnetically constraining magnetic coils of the magnetic mirror structure may be 10 or 100 times the magnetic flux of the magnetic field generated by each of the first and second stage helicon magnetic coils.
In some embodiments, the first stage helical wave antenna may have a length corresponding to a length of the large diameter section, and the second stage helical wave antenna may have a length corresponding to an axial length of the small diameter section along the discharge chamber.
In some embodiments, the discharge chamber may be made of quartz glass or boron nitride ceramic.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the large diameter section may be about 2cm, the diameter of the small diameter section may be about 1cm, and the slopes of the constricted and expanded sections may be at an angle of about 20 ° to the longitudinal axis of the discharge chamber.
In some embodiments, the first stage helicon magnetic coil and the second stage helicon magnetic coil may each comprise two magnetic coils.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the multistage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helical wave plasma source uses the stepped multistage ionization structure as the first-order ionization source of the plasma, and can greatly improve the ionization rate of the plasma and the density of the plasma.
2) The multistage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon wave plasma source provided by the invention uses a magnetic confinement method to confine the radial expansion of the plasma, so that the wall loss of the plasma is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the plasma source is improved.
3) The multistage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon wave plasma source provided by the invention has the advantages that the magnetic spray pipe structure formed by the second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil and the rotating magnetic field acceleration structure are used for further accelerating the plasma, and the axial ejection speed of the plasma can be effectively increased.
4) According to the multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helical wave plasma source, the discharge cavity is designed by adopting a multi-stage contraction-expansion type spray pipe, and the axial ejection speed of plasma of the plasma source can be increased by effectively utilizing the pneumatic acceleration effect.
5) The multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon wave plasma source uses the helicon wave source as a plasma generating device, has the characteristics of high ionization rate, no electrode design, no neutralizer, multiple working modes, various propellants, strong controllability and the like, and is a novel plasma source with excellent performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multistage ionization rotating magnetic field accelerated helicon wave plasma thruster of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating magnetic field accelerating coil according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention, and are not intended to limit it in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field accelerating helicon wave plasma source of the present invention includes a discharge chamber 1, a first stage helicon wave antenna 2, a first stage helicon wave magnetic coil 3, a second stage helicon wave antenna 4, a second stage helicon wave magnetic coil 5, a magnetic mirror structure and a rotating magnetic field accelerating coil 8, wherein the magnetic mirror structure includes a first stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 6 and a second stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 7. The multi-stage ionization helical wave discharge system is composed of the discharge cavity 1, the first-stage helical wave antenna 2, the first-stage helical wave magnetic coil 3, the second-stage helical wave antenna 4, the second-stage helical wave magnetic coil 5 and the first-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 6 and is used for improving the ionization rate and the plasma density of the propellant 9. The magnetic mirror structure formed by the first-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 6 and the second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 7 can confine electrons with lower energy, so that the electrons are heated for multiple times, the energy of the electrons is improved, and the electrons can escape from the magnetic mirror structure. The second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 7 can form a magnetic spray pipe structure and form a plasma accelerating structure with the rotating magnetic field accelerating coil 8, so that the helicon wave plasma is accelerated to be sprayed out to form thrust.
As shown in the figure, the discharge cavity 1 sequentially comprises a large-diameter section, a contraction section, a small-diameter section and an expansion section to form a step-shaped spiral wave discharge cavity, wherein one end of the large-diameter section is closed and is provided with a hole for the propellant 9 to enter, and one end of the expansion section is an opening for the outlet of the plasma. In particular, the discharge chamber 1 is made of quartz glass or boron nitride ceramic. Preferably, the diameter of the large diameter section is about 2cm, the diameter of the small diameter section is about 1cm, and the slopes of the constricted and expanded sections are at an angle of about 20 ° to the longitudinal axis of the discharge chamber 1. The stepped spiral wave discharge cavity 1 of the invention utilizes the skin effect of radio frequency coupling discharge to further increase the energy coupling of radio frequency energy and plasma, thereby improving the ionization rate of the propellant and the density of the plasma.
The first-stage helical wave antenna 2 is wound on the periphery of the large-diameter section, and the first-stage helical wave magnetic coil 3 is arranged on the periphery of the first-stage helical wave antenna 2; the second-stage helical wave antenna 4 is wound on the periphery of the small-diameter section, and the second-stage helical wave magnetic coil 5 is arranged on the periphery of the second-stage helical wave antenna 4. Specifically, the length of the first-stage helical wave antenna 2 corresponds to the length of the large-diameter section, and the length of the second-stage helical wave antenna 4 corresponds to the length of the small-diameter section. Specifically, the first-stage helical-wave magnetic coil 3 and the second-stage helical-wave magnetic coil 5 each include two magnetic coils.
The first stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 6 is arranged at the periphery of the contraction section, and is used for confining the plasma ionized in the first stage to reduce the diffusion radius of the plasma. Compared with a physical confinement method, the magnetic confinement method can greatly reduce the loss of plasma on the wall surface and improve the ionization efficiency.
The second-stage magnetically-constrained magnetic coil 7 is disposed on the outer periphery of the one end of the expanded section near the small-diameter section. The second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 7 is used for forming a magnetic nozzle structure, so that the radial diffusion of plasma beam current is reduced, the conversion of the ion radial velocity to the axial velocity is promoted, the plasma is indirectly accelerated, and the axial ejection velocity of the plasma is improved.
In the example shown in fig. 1, the rotating-magnetic-field accelerating coil 8 includes 4 rotating-magnetic-field accelerating coils symmetrically distributed, and two coils corresponding in the diameter direction are grouped. The coil generates magnetic field with certain phase difference, such as 90 degrees, etc., and the direction of the magnetic field rotates along the counterclockwise direction of the front view, the generated induced current is clockwise, and the induced current and the radial magnetic field interact to generate Lorentz force to accelerate the plasma.
In particular, the magnetic flux of the magnetic field generated by the first-stage helical-wave magnetic coil 3 and the second-stage helical-wave magnetic coil 5 is several hundreds of gauss, for example, 200 gauss, while the magnetic flux of the magnetic field generated by the first-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 6 and the second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 7 constituting the magnetic mirror structure is several thousands or tens of thousands gauss, for example, at least 2000 gauss.
The invention is further explained by the working process of the multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon wave plasma source, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the propellant feed system is opened to allow propellant 9 to enter the discharge chamber 1.
2) And opening the first-stage spiral wave magnetic coil 3 and the second-stage spiral wave magnetic coil 5 to generate an axial static magnetic field in the multi-stage stepped spiral wave discharge cavity 1, so as to provide a magnetic field condition for the formation of a spiral wave discharge mode.
3) The first-stage helical wave antenna 2 and the second-stage helical wave antenna 4 are connected with a radio frequency power source, so that the radio frequency power is subjected to energy coupling with a neutral propellant 9 through the helical wave antennas, and with the increase of the input power of the radio frequency power source, capacitive coupling, inductive coupling and the conversion among helical wave discharge modes are carried out in a discharge cavity, the plasma discharge phenomenon is gradually enhanced, and the plasma density is further increased. Specifically, when the input power reaches a certain threshold, for example 50W, the capacitive coupling discharge mode is excited to form a discharge plasma; when the input power further reaches a higher threshold, such as 300W, the inductively coupled discharge mode is excited, the plasma discharge is further enhanced, and the plasma density is further increased. Under the action of the helicon wave magnetic field 1 and the helicon wave magnetic field 2, axial static magnetic fields are formed at different diameter stages of the discharge cavity, when the input power is higher, such as 800W, under the double action of the radio frequency power and the static magnetic field, a helicon wave discharge mode is excited, the plasma discharge is stronger, and the plasma density is further increased.
4) The first-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 6 performs magnetic confinement on the plasma generated in the previous stage, so that the radius of the plasma is reduced, and the next ionization stage is performed; the second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 7 can confine the radius of the plasma at the plasma outlet and can convert the radial velocity of the plasma to the axial velocity, thereby indirectly accelerating the plasma.
5) In this example, the rotating magnetic field accelerating coil 8 comprises 801, 802, 803 and 804 four symmetrically arranged magnetic coils, 801 and 802 being the first set and 803 and 804 being the second set, powered simultaneously. The magnetic fields generated by the first group of coils and the second group of coils have a phase difference of 90 degrees, the rotating frequency is more than 1MHz, a counterclockwise rotating magnetic field is generated, and an angular clockwise induced current is induced in the plasma. The induced current interacts with a radial magnetic field component generated in a magnetic nozzle structure formed by the second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil 7 to generate axial Lorentz force, so that axial acceleration force is generated on the plasma, and the axial speed of the plasma is improved.
The invention relates to a multistage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helicon wave plasma source, which designs a stepped multistage ionization discharge cavity by utilizing the skin-seeking phenomenon of radio frequency discharge, namely the radio frequency energy is coupled at the edge of the wall of a plasma body, so as to improve the ionization rate of the helicon wave plasma body and improve the density of the plasma body. The magnetic mirror, the magnetic spray pipe and the rotating magnetic field accelerating mechanism are comprehensively used for accelerating the high-density plasma ionized by the preceding stage, and the axial ejecting speed of the plasma source is improved. The invention only uses different magnetic field structures to accelerate the plasma, and has no accelerating electrode or accelerating grid, thereby greatly improving the diversity of the propellant and the service life of the plasma source.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-stage ionization rotating magnetic field acceleration helical wave plasma source is characterized by comprising a discharge cavity, a first-stage helical wave antenna, a first-stage helical wave magnetic coil, a second-stage helical wave antenna, a second-stage helical wave magnetic coil, a magnetic mirror structure and a rotating magnetic field acceleration coil,
the discharge cavity sequentially comprises a large-diameter section, a contraction section, a small-diameter section and an expansion section, one end of the large-diameter section is closed, a hole for propellant to enter is formed in the large-diameter section, and one end of the expansion section is used for a plasma outlet;
the first-stage helical wave antenna is wound on the periphery of the large-diameter section, and the first-stage helical wave magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of the first-stage helical wave antenna; the second-stage helical wave antenna is wound on the periphery of the small-diameter section, and the second-stage helical wave magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of the second-stage helical wave antenna; the first-stage helical wave magnetic coil and the second-stage helical wave magnetic coil respectively comprise two magnetic coils; the length of the first-stage helical wave antenna is consistent with the axial length of the large-diameter section along the discharge cavity, and the length of the second-stage helical wave antenna is consistent with the length of the small-diameter section;
the magnetic mirror structure comprises a first stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil and a second stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil, the first stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of the contraction section, and the second stage of magnetically-constrained magnetic coil is arranged on the periphery of one end of the expansion section close to the small-diameter section; the magnetic flux of the magnetic field generated by the first-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil and the second-stage magnetic confinement magnetic coil which constitute the magnetic mirror structure is thousands or tens of thousands of gauss;
the rotating magnetic field accelerating coil is arranged on the periphery of one end, close to the opening, of the expansion section and comprises an even number of rotating magnetic field accelerating coils which are symmetrically distributed; the number of the even number of rotating magnetic field accelerating coils is 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10;
each of the first and second stage magnetically constraining magnetic coils of the magnetic mirror structure generates a magnetic flux of a magnetic field that is 10 times or 100 times greater than a magnetic flux of a magnetic field generated by each of the first and second stage helicoidal magnetic coils;
the discharge cavity is made of quartz glass or boron nitride ceramic;
the diameter of major diameter section is about 2cm, the diameter of little diameter section is about 1cm, the convergent section with the inclined plane of expansion section with the contained angle of the axis of discharge chamber is about 20.
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| CN112065607A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-11 | 侯瀚宇 | Combustion chamber, engine, method and application |
| CN113357109B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-07-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ignition device of radio frequency ion thruster |
| CN113573454B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-03-29 | 富时精工(南京)有限公司 | Plasma jet device with variable magnetic field constraint and method thereof |
| CN114205985A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-18 | 苏州大学 | Small-beam-diameter helicon wave plasma generating device and generating method |
| CN115013273A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-09-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Field inversion type pulse plasma thruster |
| CN114900938A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-density plasma source with controllable ion velocity vector |
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| US5306985A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1994-04-26 | Sematech, Inc. | ECR apparatus with magnetic coil for plasma refractive index control |
| JPH07320894A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-12-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Helicon wave plasma processing method and device therefor |
| US8179050B2 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2012-05-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Helicon plasma source with permanent magnets |
| CN101737198A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-06-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Gas-gas nozzle with constriction section |
| CN201343582Y (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-11-11 | 上海森和投资有限公司 | Gas intake nozzle of polycrystalline silicon reducing furnace |
| CN101805895B (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-09-07 | 河北大学 | Helicon wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition unit |
| CN104653422B (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2017-04-12 | 大连理工大学 | Three-level acceleration type spiral wave plasma propulsion device |
| CN106014899B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-05-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Helicon plasma induction thruster |
| CN106591783A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Magnetic confinement vacuum ion film plating device |
| CN109538432B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2024-06-14 | 河南理工大学 | Spiral wave plasma propulsion device without neutralizer |
| CN110139459B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2022-01-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-density spherical plasma generating device based on rotating magnetic field |
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