CN110542614A - True triaxial experiment device and method with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage - Google Patents
True triaxial experiment device and method with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110542614A CN110542614A CN201910955487.1A CN201910955487A CN110542614A CN 110542614 A CN110542614 A CN 110542614A CN 201910955487 A CN201910955487 A CN 201910955487A CN 110542614 A CN110542614 A CN 110542614A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0846—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials by use of radiation, e.g. transmitted or reflected light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
the invention provides a real-time scanning water seepage-based true triaxial test device with a CT (computed tomography) and a method thereof. The true triaxial pressure chamber comprises a cover plate and a barrel body; the support comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and an upright post, and devices in the CT scanning area are all made of carbon fiber materials; the loading device comprises an axial pressure, a lateral pressure and a confining pressure loading device, and the axial pressure, the lateral pressure and the confining pressure required by the experiment are provided; the water supply device controls the water to pass through the coal body and obtains the flow rate of the discharged water, and the change of the permeability is researched; the CT scanning device comprises a CT radioactive source and a CT detector and is used for observing the internal change of the test piece in real time. The real-time matching of true triaxial stress-strain-seepage and CT is realized, and the method has important significance for researching the expansion of the coal rock body pore crack and the permeability evolution rule in the true triaxial stress state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a physical simulation experiment research, in particular to a true triaxial experiment device and method with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage.
Background
The research on the deformation and damage characteristics and permeability of the coal rock mass has important significance for preventing and treating various dynamic disasters of underground mining work, is the basic characteristic for researching the migration of gas or water in the coal rock mass, and is most commonly used in laboratory simulation experiments.
In the research on the aspect, the existing experimental equipment and experimental method have the same characteristic, that is, the research is single, and only the research on the gas seepage or the mechanical parameters of the coal sample test piece can be carried out. However, in the coal rock mass, the underground fluid is not only gas, but also the underground water seepage plays an important role in the well exploitation and the prevention and treatment of disaster accidents, which cannot be ignored.
the damage of the coal rock mass is usually started from micro cracks and micro pores in the coal rock mass, and finally, the coal rock mass is communicated with each other to cause macroscopic damage, so that the permeability is influenced, and the key point is to clear the damage and damage condition in the coal rock mass. And the CT scanning technology can observe the structural change in the coal rock mass and comprehensively know the change in the coal rock mass. However, due to the limitation of equipment, the CT scanning is often performed after the coal rock mass is unloaded from the true triaxial gas seepage experiment table, and the observation cannot be realized.
Therefore, the CT scanning technology is combined with the true triaxial seepage experiment system, real-time scanning in the true sense is realized, the intensity and deformation conditions of the coal rock mass under the condition of three-dimensional stress are researched, the change condition of the internal pore cracks is observed by means of a CT scanning image, the deformation of the coal rock mass, the expansion of the internal pore cracks and the seepage rule of water in the coal rock mass can be comprehensively analyzed by combining the permeability change rule, and comprehensive and systematic research is realized.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device which can carry out real-time scanning and can use water as a fluid medium to carry out fluid-solid coupling experiments, and simulate and analyze the development change rule of stress-deformation-water seepage-pore cracks of coal rock mass under the condition of three-dimensional stress.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows: a real-time scanning water seepage-based true triaxial experimental device with a CT (computed tomography) comprises a true triaxial pressure chamber, a bracket for bearing the experimental device, a loading device for providing axial pressure, lateral pressure and confining pressure for a coal rock test piece, a water supply device for providing a seepage environment for the test piece, and a CT scanning system capable of observing the coal rock test piece in real time, wherein the CT scanning system comprises radioactive sources and detectors which are arranged on the front side and the rear side of a true triaxial experimental machine, and a control/monitoring device; the true triaxial pressure chamber comprises a barrel body and a cover plate, wherein the barrel body is provided with an oil inlet/water port, an oil discharge/water port and a loading system position port; the bracket comprises a top bottom plate with a loading device base and an upright post connected with the top bottom plate; the loading device comprises pressure chambers at four positions of an upper position, a lower position, a left position and a right position, and a confining pressure loading hydraulic pump of related accessories of the pressure chambers; in order to realize real-time scanning of the CT system, the true triaxial pressure chamber, the bracket and the loading system part fittings in the CT scanning area are all made of carbon fiber materials.
The top plate and the bottom plate of the support are made of rectangular thick steel plates because scanning is not needed, pressure chamber bases are arranged on the inner side surfaces of the top plate and the bottom plate, and the upper pressure chamber and the lower pressure chamber are fixed on the bases.
the upper part of the barrel body is open, a central hole is formed in the central position of the bottom of the barrel body, a central hole is also formed in the position, opposite to the bottom of the barrel body, of the cover plate, the cover plate is connected with the barrel body through a flange, and an O-shaped ring is arranged at the connecting position of the cover plate and the barrel body.
The pressure head that is located upper and lower pressure chamber and includes pneumatic cylinder, piston compression leg and compression leg front end constitutes, goes up pressure chamber and lower pressure chamber piston compression leg and stretches into in the pressure chamber from apron and barrel head centre bore to be connected with the pressure head, finally with the axle load pass to on the coal rock mass test piece, the centre bore edge is provided with O type circle, guarantees the seal.
the same high horizontal symmetry position of staving left and right sides be equipped with the hole to be connected with left and right pressure chamber, the pressure chamber welding is on the staving, has the piston compression leg to stretch out in the pressure chamber, the pressure head is connected to the compression leg front end, the pressure head links to each other with the briquetting, can pass to the required side pressure of experiment on the coal rock body test piece, has the gasket between each briquetting, prevents to take place rigid collision.
The cover plate is provided with an oil inlet and a pressure sensor, the bottom of the barrel body is provided with a water outlet, the lower part of the barrel body is provided with an oil discharge port, the oil inlet is connected with an external hydraulic pump through a conduit and matched with the oil outlet, and the oil inlet provides confining pressure required by experimental conditions for a test piece according to numerical values on the pressure sensor.
Go up the pressure head and all be equipped with water seepage flow channel with pressure head inside down, outside water supply installation passes through the pipe and links to each other with the outside fluidflowmeter through water inlet and last pressure head predetermined water seepage flow channel connection, the water seepage flow channel that pressure head predetermined down links to each other through bottom outlet, and whole water supply installation provides required seepage flow environment for the experiment, and fluidflowmeter reads the discharge of the coal rock mass test piece of flowing through.
Temperature control device has been preset to staving inside, can control the temperature environment of experiment, keeps the invariant of temperature, prevents to appear experimental error.
And O-shaped rings are arranged around each hole on the barrel body and the cover plate for sealing.
in the true triaxial pressure chamber, displacement sensors are arranged in the upper, lower, left, right, front and back 6 directions around the position of the coal rock mass test piece, and are connected with an external control/monitoring device through leads to monitor the strain change of the coal rock mass test piece in real time.
The edge of each briquetting all is equipped with the chamfer about the upper and lower pressure head, prevents that the rigidity contact between each loading subassembly from appearing, prevents to influence the experimental result on the one hand, and on the other hand is in order to prolong the life of equipment accessories.
The CT scanning device comprises CT radioactive sources and CT detectors which are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the true triaxial apparatus, and all accessories located in a scanning area are made of carbon fiber materials.
The true triaxial experimental method with the CT real-time scanning and based on water seepage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Firstly, the prepared coal rock test piece is pretreated, then silica gel is smeared on the surface of the test piece, and after the silica gel is dried, the coal rock test piece is firmly wrapped by a heat-shrinkable tube and is fixed on an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head by utilizing a clamp.
2) placing the well-prepared test piece, installing an axial pressure and lateral pressure loading system in place, connecting a gas seepage device, filling hydraulic oil into a pressure chamber, and assembling a cover plate;
3) turning on a control/monitoring device, and setting the experiment temperature to be constant;
4) Opening a valve of the water supply device, observing a flow value and keeping the reading constant, closing a drain valve after the value is kept constant, keeping the opening state of the valve of the water supply device unchanged, and enabling the coal and rock test piece to be adsorbed constantly for 48 hours;
5) And (3) opening a drain valve after the constant time is 48 hours, loading axial pressure, lateral pressure and confining pressure for testing after the reading of the flowmeter is stabilized again, simultaneously recording the stress-strain-water seepage change of the coal rock mass test piece, carrying out CT scanning until the test piece is destroyed, and obtaining the hole crack development change in the whole process by using a CT scanning device.
In the whole test process, the control/monitoring system records pressure reading, displacement change of the test piece in each direction, gas pressure, flowmeter reading and other information in the whole test process, and the CT scanning device scans the test piece at a required moment to obtain the development degree of the internal hole crack of the test piece.
The invention has the following positive effects:
1) All accessories in the scanning area of the experimental device are made of carbon fibers, and radioactive rays can penetrate through the accessory, so that the defect that the traditional experiment cannot carry out CT scanning in real time is overcome;
2) The invention combines the true triaxial fluid-solid coupling seepage system with the CT scanner, can realize the synchronous research of stress-strain-water seepage-hole crack coupling, and has undoubtedly richer and more comprehensive research on the coal rock sample test piece;
3) the device has very important significance for researching permeability change, real-time development of pore cracks and mutual relation rules of the coal rock mass test piece in a true triaxial stress state;
4) the invention greatly enriches the research in the field of true triaxial visualization and seepage experiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general view of the overall apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall apparatus of the present invention (the line head direction in the figure indicates the data transmission direction)
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the external structure of the CT radioactive source with the front side removed
FIG. 4 is a top view of the experimental apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a true triaxial cell of the experimental apparatus of the present invention
Wherein, 0-experimental coal rock test piece, 1-true triaxial pressure chamber, 11-pressure chamber cover plate, 12-oil inlet, 13-barrel, 14-oil outlet, 15-water outlet, 16-water inlet, 17-confining pressure sensor, 21-upright column, 22-top plate, 23-bottom plate, 310-upper pressure chamber, 311-upper pressure column, 312-axial displacement sensor 1, 313-axial pressure sensor 1, 314-upper pressure head, 320-lower pressure chamber, 321-lower pressure column, 322-axial displacement sensor 2, 323-axial pressure sensor 2, 324-lower pressure head, 410-right pressure chamber, 411-lateral pressure sensor 1, 412-lateral displacement sensor 1, 413-right pressure column, 414-right pressure head, 415-gasket, 416-pressing block, 420-left pressure chamber, 421-lateral pressure sensor 2, 422-lateral displacement sensor 2, 423-left pressing column, 424-left pressing head, 425-gasket, 426-pressing block, 5-water supply device, 51-seepage tube, 52-wire mesh, 53-flowmeter, 61-CT radioactive source, 62-CT detector and 7-monitoring control system
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific examples.
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the true triaxial fluid-solid coupling coal-rock mass gas seepage experiment system with CT real-time scanning comprises a triaxial pressure chamber 1, a bracket 2, a loading device 3, a loading device 4, a water supply device 5, a CT scanning system 6 and a control monitoring device 7. The true triaxial pressure chamber 1 comprises a cover plate 11 and a barrel body 13, wherein an oil inlet 12 and a central hole are reserved on the cover plate, the upper part of the barrel body 13 is open, the central hole is reserved at the bottom part of the barrel body and in the position symmetrical to the cover plate 11, and an oil discharge port 14 is preset at the lower part of the barrel body 13.
The support consists of a vertical column 21, a top plate 22 and a bottom plate 23; the upright post penetrates through preset through holes on 4 corners of the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 23 to form a bracket 2; the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 23 are made of high-strength steel, and the upright posts are made of carbon fibers; the loading chamber base 31 is arranged at the center of the inner side of the top plate, the upper loading chamber 310 is fixed at the base 31 of the inner side of the top plate and assembled on the top plate 22, the piston pressure column 311 of the upper loading chamber extends into the barrel body 13 through the central hole of the cover plate 11 and is connected to the upper pressure head 314, and the pressure sensor 313 is arranged outside the upper loading chamber; a loading chamber base 32 is arranged at the central position of the inner side of the bottom plate, a lower loading chamber 320 is fixed on the bottom plate base 32 and assembled on the bottom plate 22, a lower loading chamber piston compression leg 321 extends into the barrel body 13 through the central hole of the barrel bottom and is connected with a lower pressure head 324, a pressure sensor 323 is arranged at the outer side of the lower loading chamber, and the axial pressure loading chamber transmits the axial pressure to a test piece 0 through the compression leg-pressure head; the contact parts of the compression columns 311 and 321, the barrel body 1 and the cover plate 11 are provided with O-shaped rings to ensure the sealing property; the cover plate 11 and the barrel body 13 are connected by flanges, and an O-shaped ring is also arranged at the joint.
Holes are formed in the positions of two sides of the barrel body 13 of the true triaxial pressure chamber at the same horizontal height, the left and right pressure chambers 410 and 420 are welded on the outer sides of the holes, the front ends of the left and right piston pressure columns 413 and 423 are connected with left and right pressure heads 414 and 424, the pressure heads are connected with pressing blocks 415 and 425, and the pressing blocks are separated by gaskets 416 and 426 to prevent rigid collision; the pressing columns 413 and 423, the pressing heads 414 and 424 and the pressing blocks 415 and 425 are all made of carbon fiber materials; the side pressure force transmission sequence is pressure chamber-pressure column-pressure head-pressure block-coal rock test piece;
the cover plate is provided with an oil inlet 12, a water inlet 16 and a pressure sensor 17, a water outlet 15 is formed in the bottom of the barrel body, an oil outlet 14 is formed in the lower portion of the barrel body, the oil inlet 12 is connected with an external hydraulic pump through a guide pipe and matched with the oil outlet 14, and confining pressure required by experimental conditions is provided for a test piece according to the numerical value on the pressure sensor 17.
the upper pressure head 314 and the lower pressure head 324 are internally provided with water seepage channels 51, the external water supply device 5 is connected with the seepage channel 52 preset by the upper pressure head through a water inlet 16 by a lead, the seepage channel preset by the lower pressure head is connected with an external flowmeter 53 through a bottom water outlet 15, the whole seepage device provides a required liquid seepage environment for an experiment, and the flowmeter 53 reads the water flow flowing through the coal rock mass test piece.
Temperature control device has been preset to staving inside, can control the temperature environment of experiment, keeps the invariant of temperature, prevents to appear experimental error.
And O-shaped rings are arranged around each hole on the barrel body and the cover plate for sealing.
in the true triaxial pressure chamber, displacement sensors 312, 322, 422, 412, 112 and 122 are arranged in the upper, lower, left, right, front and rear 6 directions around the position of the coal rock mass test piece, and are connected with an external control/monitoring system 7 through data lines to monitor the strain change of the coal rock mass test piece in real time.
chamfers are arranged on the edges of the left pressing block and the right pressing block of the upper pressing head 314 and the lower pressing head 324, so that rigid contact among the loading components is prevented, on one hand, the experimental result is prevented from being influenced, and on the other hand, the service life of equipment accessories is prolonged;
the CT scanning device comprises a CT radioactive source 61 and a CT detector 62 which are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the true triaxial apparatus, and all accessories in a scanning area are made of carbon fiber materials.
In order to better understand the invention, the following describes the true triaxial fluid-solid coupling coal rock mass gas seepage experiment method with CT real-time scanning in detail.
The true triaxial experimental method with the CT real-time scanning and based on water seepage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Firstly, the prepared coal rock test piece is pretreated, then silica gel is smeared on the surface of the test piece, and after the silica gel is dried, the coal rock test piece is firmly wrapped by a heat-shrinkable tube and is fixed on an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head by utilizing a clamp.
2) placing the well-prepared test piece, installing the axial pressure and lateral pressure loading system in place, connecting a water supply device, filling hydraulic oil into the pressure chamber, and assembling a cover plate;
3) Turning on a control/monitoring device, and setting the experiment temperature to be constant;
4) Opening the water supply device, observing the flow value and keeping the reading constant, closing the drain valve after the value is kept constant, and keeping the opening state of the valve of the water supply device unchanged at the same time, so that the coal and rock test piece is adsorbed for 48 hours constantly;
5) And (3) opening a drain valve after the constant time is 48 hours, loading axial pressure, lateral pressure and confining pressure for testing after the reading of the flowmeter is stabilized again, simultaneously recording the stress-strain-seepage change of the coal rock mass test piece, carrying out CT scanning until the test piece is destroyed, and obtaining the pore crack development change in the whole process by using a CT scanning device.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a take CT real-time scanning true triaxial experimental apparatus based on water seepage flow which mainly by: true triaxial pressure chamber, support, loading device, water supply installation, CT scanning system and control/monitoring devices constitute, wherein:
The support comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and 4 stand columns, wherein center holes are formed in the centers of the top plate and the bottom plate, loading chamber bases are welded in the center positions of the inner side surfaces of the top plate and the bottom plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are connected through the stand columns and fixed through bolts;
The true triaxial pressure chamber comprises a cover plate and a barrel body, round holes are formed in the barrel body at the same height and horizontal position on two sides of the barrel body, a side pressure loading device is connected to the outer side of each round hole, a central hole is formed in the bottom of each round hole, and a piston compression bar of the lower loading chamber extends into the barrel through the central hole; a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the barrel body, an oil outlet is formed in the lower portion of the barrel body, an O-shaped ring is arranged between the barrel body and the cover plate for sealing, bolt holes are formed in the periphery of the upper end of the barrel body and used for connecting the barrel body and the cover plate;
an oil inlet is preset on the cover plate and is matched with an oil discharge port for use to provide confining pressure required by experimental conditions, a water inlet is formed in the cover plate and is matched with a water discharge port for use to connect water supply equipment and a test piece seepage channel, a central hole is formed in the middle of the cover plate, and a piston compression bar of the upper loading chamber extends into the barrel through the central hole;
The loading device comprises an axial pressure loading chamber, a lateral pressure loading chamber and a confining pressure loading device; the axial loading chamber is arranged at a loading chamber base welded on a top plate and a bottom plate of the bracket; the axial pressure loading chamber comprises an upper pressure chamber, a lower pressure chamber, axial displacement sensors 1 and 2, axial pressure sensors 1 and 2, an upper pressure column, a lower pressure column, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, a left pressure chamber, a right pressure chamber, lateral displacement sensors 1 and 2, a left pressure column, a right pressure column, a left pressure head, a right pressure head, a plurality of pressing blocks and gaskets;
the upper (lower) pressure chamber and the left (right) pressure chamber are connected with piston compression columns, the front parts of the piston compression columns are connected with upper (lower) pressure heads and left (right) pressure heads, the pressure heads are connected with pressing blocks and are matched together to provide axial pressure and lateral pressure of a test piece under required experimental conditions, and gaskets are arranged among the pressing blocks to separate from each other so as to prevent rigid collision and influence on experimental results; the confining pressure loading mode is flexible loading, and the required confining pressure is provided for the experiment through an upper oil inlet by a pressure pump;
The displacement sensors are arranged in 6 directions of the coal-rock test piece in the up, down, left, right, front and back directions respectively, and are used for monitoring the strain change of the test piece in the experimental process;
In the water seepage device, liquid is connected to a seepage pipe at a water inlet through a guide pipe, finally flows through the coal rock test piece from the water inlet of the upper pressure head, and flows out through the water outlet of the lower pressure head and the water outlet reserved on the base through the flowmeter;
The CT scanning system comprises CT radioactive sources and CT detectors which are positioned on the front side and the rear side of the true triaxial experimental instrument, and can provide real-time scanning for a test piece.
2. the true triaxial experimental apparatus with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage according to claim 2, wherein: the CT radioactive sources and the CT detectors are arranged in the front side and the rear side of the true triaxial test instrument, so that real-time scanning can be performed while a true triaxial seepage test is performed.
3. The true triaxial experimental apparatus with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage according to claim 3, wherein: liquid seepage channels are reserved at the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, and a water seepage experiment is carried out while a mechanical strength test experiment is carried out.
4. The true triaxial experimental apparatus with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage according to claim 2 or 4, wherein: the experimental device accessories in the scanning area are all made of carbon fibers, and the rest parts are made of steel.
5. The true triaxial experimental apparatus with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage according to claim 5, wherein: the upper and lower pressure chambers for providing axial pressure for the experimental environment are fixed on the top plate and the bottom plate, and are stable.
6. The true triaxial experimental method with CT real-time scanning based on water seepage of claim 6, characterized in that the method comprises the following experimental steps:
1) Firstly, the prepared coal rock test piece is pretreated, then silica gel is smeared on the surface of the test piece, and after the silica gel is dried, the coal rock test piece is firmly wrapped by a heat-shrinkable tube and is fixed on an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head by utilizing a clamp.
2) Placing the well-prepared test piece, installing an axial pressure and lateral pressure loading system in place, connecting a gas seepage device, filling hydraulic oil into a pressure chamber, and assembling a cover plate;
3) turning on a control/monitoring device, and setting the experiment temperature to be constant;
4) opening a valve of the water supply device, observing a flow value and keeping the reading constant, closing a drain valve after the value is kept constant, and keeping the opening state of the water supply valve unchanged at the same time to enable the coal and rock test piece to be adsorbed constantly for 48 hours;
5) And (3) opening a drain valve after the constant time is 48 hours, loading axial pressure, lateral pressure and confining pressure for testing after the reading of the flowmeter is stabilized again, simultaneously recording the stress-strain-seepage change of the coal rock mass test piece, carrying out CT scanning until the test piece is destroyed, and obtaining the pore crack development change in the whole process by using a CT scanning device.
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