CN110542338A - Osmotic pressure driven two-phase fluid loop - Google Patents
Osmotic pressure driven two-phase fluid loop Download PDFInfo
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- CN110542338A CN110542338A CN201910710062.4A CN201910710062A CN110542338A CN 110542338 A CN110542338 A CN 110542338A CN 201910710062 A CN201910710062 A CN 201910710062A CN 110542338 A CN110542338 A CN 110542338A
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- phase fluid
- osmotic pressure
- liquid
- working medium
- loop
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-phase fluid loop driven by osmotic pressure. The loop has the advantages of large driving force, no need of any energy supply, high stability, large heat transfer capacity and long heat transfer distance. The invention arranges a semi-permeable membrane in a liquid reservoir or a liquid pipeline, and solute dissolved in the working medium is added in the working medium on the upper part of the semi-permeable membrane, and the boiling point of the solute is higher than the temperature of an evaporator; the semi-permeable membrane is used for passing working medium and not passing solute. The invention takes osmotic pressure as a driving force, realizes the operation of a two-phase fluid loop, is a brand new fluid loop driving mode, is simple and easy to realize, has large driving force, is completely passive driving force, does not need any energy supply, and has no problem of mechanical part loss; the driving force is large, so that the driving force of the loop heat pipe can be obviously improved, and the transmission distance and the heat transfer capacity are improved; the stability is high, can make loop heat pipe be in fixed thermal conductance operating condition all the time, avoids leading to unstable phenomenon because of the evaporimeter leaks heat to the reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of equipment heat dissipation, in particular to efficient heat transfer of spacecrafts and other ground electronic equipment, and particularly relates to a two-phase fluid loop driven by osmotic pressure.
Background
The two-phase fluid loop realizes heat transmission by latent heat of the working medium, and has the characteristics of large heat transfer quantity, small temperature difference, long-distance heat transmission, excellent temperature control characteristic and the like compared with a single-phase fluid loop and a traditional heat pipe. Two-phase fluid circuits are an important spacecraft thermal control technology developed over the last decade due to the incomparable advantages of many other heat transfer devices.
The two-phase fluid loop technology mainly comprises the following steps: a mechanical pump driven two-phase fluid circuit and a capillary pump driven two-phase fluid circuit, as shown in table 1. A typical capillary pump driven two-phase loop includes a loop heat pipe and a capillary pumped two-phase loop. Mechanical pump-driven and capillary pump-driven two-phase loops have been widely used in spacecraft.
TABLE 1 advantages and disadvantages of various thermal control techniques
For a two-phase loop driven by a mechanical pump, a driving pump of the two-phase loop comprises a movable part, and the problems of impeller abrasion, cavitation and the like cause the reliability and service life of the pump, so that an engineering scheme of connecting a plurality of driving pumps in parallel (backup) is needed to prolong the service life of a system in practical application, but in consideration of the weight, the volume, the power supply and other resources, the aerospace application with long service life cannot be realized by an infinite number of driving pumps in parallel, such as a spacecraft (20 years) which executes long-term on-orbit tasks, such as a space station and the like.
For capillary pump driven two-phase fluid circuits, for example typical loop heat pipes (driven by capillary forces) also present some problems in engineering applications:
(1) The capillary driving force is not large enough. For high power (more than 1 kW), ultra-long distance heat transfer (such as more than 30m), counter-gravity work or overload environment, the capillary driving force is not enough, the conventional loop heat pipe uses a 1-micron capillary core, only the driving force below 100kPa can be provided for the ammonia working medium, even if a 0.3-micron capillary core is used, the capillary force does not exceed 300kPa, and the reduction of the pore diameter of the capillary core also causes the related problem of the increase of the liquid flow resistance in the core.
(2) There is an instability phenomenon. The capillary core pumps the liquid in the condenser back to the evaporator through capillary force, the liquid from the liquid pipeline to the liquid main channel is not stable enough simply by the capillary force, once evaporation or boiling occurs, the operation of the loop is easy to be unstable (temperature fluctuation, backflow, temperature retardation and the like), and even the liquid supply is influenced to cause failure.
(3) The branches in the parallel system will influence each other. When a plurality of evaporators are connected in parallel and the working conditions of each branch are different, the flow interference of each branch can occur, and the problems of insufficient liquid supply or starting can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an osmotic pressure driven two-phase fluid circuit, which has a large driving force, does not require any energy supply, and has high stability and good heat transfer performance, such as heat transfer capacity and heat transfer distance.
The invention relates to a two-phase fluid loop based on osmotic pressure driving, which comprises a liquid storage device, an evaporator, a steam pipeline, a condenser and a liquid pipeline; wherein, a semipermeable membrane is arranged in the liquid reservoir or the liquid pipeline to divide the liquid working medium into an upper part and a lower part, the working medium of the upper part is added with solute dissolved in the working medium, and the boiling point of the solute is higher than the temperature of the evaporator; the semi-permeable membrane is used for passing working medium and not passing solute.
Preferably, the evaporator is an evaporator containing a capillary wick.
Preferably, a control valve is provided in the liquid line.
Preferably, the working medium is water, and the solute is inorganic salt, organic matter or nano-particles.
Preferably, the semi-permeable membrane is a cell membrane, a bladder membrane, parchment paper or an artificial collodion film.
Preferably, a resistance adjusting device is arranged on the liquid pipeline, and the flow resistance is changed through the resistance adjusting device, so that the heat dissipation power of the two-phase fluid loop is adjusted.
Preferably, the heat dissipation power of the two-phase fluid loop is adjusted by changing the area of the semipermeable membrane and the osmotic pressure.
Preferably, the liquid pipeline is a plurality of liquid pipelines connected in parallel, and the semipermeable membrane is arranged on each liquid pipeline.
preferably, the evaporator is formed by connecting a plurality of evaporators in parallel, and the semipermeable membrane is arranged on the common liquid pipeline.
Has the advantages that:
(1) The invention takes osmotic pressure as a driving force, realizes the operation of a two-phase fluid loop, is a brand new fluid loop driving mode, is simple and easy to realize, has large driving force, is completely passive driving force, does not need any energy supply, and has no problem of mechanical part loss; the solution of 0.1mol/L can easily provide the driving force of the osmotic pressure of 1270kPa, and the capillary force driving force of 96kPa, which can be provided by capillary pores with the diameter of 1 mu m, is much larger than that of the capillary pores, so that the driving force of the loop heat pipe can be obviously improved, and the transmission distance and the heat transfer capacity can be improved.
(2) The stability is high. The existence of osmotic pressure can make the reservoir be full of liquid all the time, and the loop heat pipe is in fixed thermal conductance operating condition all the time, avoids leading to unstable phenomenon because the evaporimeter leaks heat to the reservoir.
(3) Can be adapted to a parallel multi-heat source scheme. For a capillary driving loop, the capillary driving loop is driven by adopting a liquid suction mode, and when a plurality of evaporators are connected in parallel, the power on the plurality of evaporators is different, and the on-way flow resistance from a condenser to each evaporator is different, so that the problem of uneven flow distribution and mutual interference can be caused. In the invention, osmotic pressure is applied to the liquid pipeline, so that liquid can be fully driven into each evaporator by full osmotic pressure, and the problems of uneven flow distribution and mutual interference existing in the capillary driven multi-evaporator are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a two-phase fluid circuit based on osmotic pressure driving according to the present invention (a semipermeable membrane is disposed in a reservoir).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a two-phase fluid circuit based on osmotic pressure driving of the invention (a semipermeable membrane is arranged in a liquid pipeline, and an evaporator is an evaporator with a capillary wick).
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a semi-permeable membrane.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of osmotic and osmotic pressure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a two-phase fluid loop based on osmotic pressure driving.
The two-phase fluid loop comprises a liquid storage device, an evaporator, a steam pipeline, a condenser and a liquid pipeline, wherein a working medium in the liquid storage device enters the evaporator to be changed into a gas state under the action of a driving force, the gas working medium reaches the condenser through the steam pipeline, the heat of the working medium is transmitted to equipment through the condenser, the gas working medium in the loop is changed into a liquid state, and the liquid working medium returns to the liquid storage device through the liquid pipeline; the working medium continuously circularly flows under the action of the driving force to realize heat transfer. The loop is similar to a loop heat pipe, and forms a vacuum loop for circulating steam/liquid working medium. According to the invention, a semipermeable membrane is arranged in a reservoir, and the reservoir is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the semipermeable membrane; on the upper half part of the liquid storage device, a working medium in the liquid storage device is used as a solvent, a solute dissolved in the working medium is added, and the boiling point of the solute is higher than the working temperature of the evaporator to form a high-concentration solution; the lower half part of the liquid storage device is still pure liquid working medium; the semipermeable membrane only allows a solvent, namely a liquid working medium to pass through, the solute cannot pass through, and concentration difference is formed on two sides of the semipermeable membrane, so that osmotic pressure is generated at the semipermeable membrane. The evaporator is positioned above the liquid storage device and heats working media in the liquid storage device, because of the high temperature of the evaporator, the working media in the solution of the upper half part of the liquid storage device are evaporated into a gas state under the action of the evaporator and enter a steam pipeline, the boiling point of solute is higher than the working temperature of the evaporator and cannot be evaporated, the upper half part of the liquid storage device is kept to be high-concentration solution, therefore, the working media of the lower half part of the liquid storage device are continuously absorbed into the upper half part under the action of osmotic pressure to form a circulating working media loop, and the operation of the working media of the two-phase fluid loop is realized, as shown in figure 1. Alternatively, the semipermeable membrane may be placed in the fluid line, the reservoir may be a high concentration solution, and the osmotic pressure may be generated, and the circuit may be operated under osmotic pressure driving, as shown in fig. 2.
The invention can effectively drive the two-phase fluid loop to run by utilizing osmotic pressure. Osmotic phenomena and osmotic pressure are commonly used in the fields of basic chemistry and medical applications. Osmotic (Osmosis): the diffusion of solvent from a low concentration solution to a high concentration solution through a semi-permeable membrane, such as the diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, occurs from a high water molecule region (i.e., a low concentration solution) into a low water molecule region (i.e., a high concentration solution) until the internal and external concentrations of the semi-permeable membrane are balanced (isotonic). Water molecules will pass through the semi-permeable membrane via diffusion, a phenomenon known as osmosis. Osmotic pressure (Osmotic pressure), the minimum extra-pressure applied to a semipermeable membrane having different concentrations of aqueous solutions on both sides in order to prevent water from permeating from the low-concentration side to the high-concentration side, is called Osmotic pressure. The magnitude of osmotic pressure is related to the molarity of the solution, the temperature of the solution and the degree of solute dissociation. According to van der wav's law, the osmotic pressure of a dilute solution is directly proportional to the molarity and absolute temperature of the solution. Semipermeable membrane (Semipermeable membrane): is a membrane that only allows the diffusion of certain molecules or ions in and out, and is selective to the passage of different particles. Such as cell membrane, bladder membrane, parchment, artificial collodion film, etc. The semi-permeable membrane is controlled by the pore size to allow only ions and small molecules to pass freely, but not large molecules, as shown in figure 3.
Measurement of osmotic pressure: penetration can be easily demonstrated using an osmometer, constructed by closing the open end of the thistle tube with a perm-selective membrane (see fig. 4). If the tube is filled with a sugar solution and poured into a volume of pure water, the volume of the solution in the tube will increase over time. The increase in solution volume will continue until the hydrostatic pressure developed in the tube is sufficient to balance the force driving the water into solution. The calculation formula of osmotic pressure is as follows:
P＝cRT
Wherein P is the osmotic pressure (Pa); c is the solution volume molar concentration (mol/L); r is an ideal gas constant (8.341 multiplied by 103 Pa.L/mol.K); t is the absolute temperature (K).
the quantitative calculation of the above formula is limited to dilute solutions of non-volatile non-electrolytes. For example: the osmotic pressure of human blood at 37 ℃ is 775kPa, and is 0.3mol/L in reduced glucose aqueous solution.
Osmotic pressure studies on xylem found that the osmotic pressure reached about 1270kPa when the concentration of the solution in xylem reached 110 mmol/L. It can be seen that the magnitude of osmotic pressure is considerable and can be used entirely as a driving force.
In the embodiment, the working medium in the two-phase fluid loop adopts water; working medium water is used as a solvent, a solute is selected to be a substance which has a high boiling point and is soluble in water according to the working temperature of an evaporator, and typical solutions comprise inorganic salt solutions (such as chlorides such as Na +, K +, NH4+, Mg2+ and the like serving as solutes), organic solutions (such as saccharides, ethanol, ethylene glycol, organic salts and the like serving as solutes), nanofluid solutions and the like. The semipermeable membrane can be cell membrane, bladder membrane, parchment paper or artificial collodion film. The concentration of the solution can be configured according to the driving force requirement. The calculation shows that the osmotic pressure of 0.5mol/L NaCl solution can reach 2.5MPa under 300K. Therefore, the driving force of the loop heat pipe can be greatly improved by osmotic pressure, so that the heat transfer performance such as heat transfer capacity, heat transfer distance and the like of the loop heat pipe is improved, and the driving force generated by osmotic pressure is far greater than the capillary force driving force provided by the capillary pores with the diameter of 1 mu m. And the osmotic pressure is a completely passive driving force, and any energy supply (such as power supply requirement and the like) is not needed. Of course, other fluid circuit working mediums can be used as the solvent, and the solute dissolved in the solvent is selected to be a solution with a certain concentration, so that osmotic pressure is generated by the semipermeable membrane to be used as the driving force of the circuit.
Preferably, the evaporator adopts an evaporator with a capillary core, and the capillary core can improve the temperature uniformity and the limiting heat flow density value of the evaporator and improve the driving force of the loop. In addition, the evaporator can also adopt a mode of connecting a plurality of evaporators in parallel, so that the heat collection, transmission and dissipation problems of a plurality of heat sources can be solved by one loop. When multiple evaporators are connected in parallel, the loop shares a condenser, a common vapor pipeline and a common liquid pipeline, and the semipermeable membrane is arranged in the liquid storage device of each evaporator, or can be directly arranged on the common liquid pipeline (behind the outlet of the condenser).
In addition, because the osmotic pressure is uninterrupted and exists all the time, in order to realize the control of the working medium circulation in the loop, a control valve can be connected in series on the liquid pipeline to realize the control of the circulation, and when the loop needs to circularly transfer heat, the control valve is opened; the control valve is closed when the loop does not require cyclical heat transfer.
In order to improve the applicability of the osmotic pressure driving fluid loop, a resistance adjusting device can be additionally arranged on the liquid pipeline, and the working medium circulation flow passing through the semipermeable membrane is adjusted by adjusting the flow resistance of the working medium in the loop, so that the matching of different heat transfer powers is realized. Or the liquid pipeline can be set into a mode that a plurality of liquid pipelines are connected in parallel, the semipermeable membrane is arranged on each liquid pipeline, and the working medium circulation flow is adjusted by controlling the switch control valve on each liquid pipeline, so that the heat transfer power matching is realized. Or a plurality of liquid pipelines are connected in parallel, and each liquid pipeline is additionally provided with a resistance adjusting device to adjust the working medium circulation flow. Or the power matching adaptability of the osmotic pressure driving fluid loop is improved by adopting other modes of adjusting the working medium circulation flow and/or changing the area of the semipermeable membrane.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A two-phase fluid loop based on osmotic pressure drive comprises a liquid reservoir, an evaporator, a steam pipeline, a condenser and a liquid pipeline, and is characterized in that a semipermeable membrane is arranged in the liquid reservoir or the liquid pipeline to divide a liquid working medium into an upper part and a lower part, a solute dissolved in the working medium is added into the working medium of the upper part, and the boiling point of the solute is higher than the temperature of the evaporator; the semi-permeable membrane is used for passing working medium and not passing solute.
2. The osmotic drive-based two-phase fluid circuit of claim 1, wherein the evaporator is a capillary wick-containing evaporator.
3. A two-phase fluid circuit based on osmotic pressure driving according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a control valve is provided on the liquid line.
4. A two-phase fluid circuit based on osmotic driving according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the working fluid is water and the solute is inorganic salt, organic matter or nanoparticles.
5. A two-phase fluid circuit based on osmotic driving according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the semi-permeable membrane is a cell membrane, a bladder membrane, parchment paper or an artificial collodion film.
6. A two-phase fluid circuit based on osmotic pressure driving according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a resistance adjusting means is provided on the liquid pipe, and the heat dissipation power of the two-phase fluid circuit is adjusted by changing the flow resistance by the resistance adjusting means.
7. an osmotic drive-based two-phase fluid circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat dissipation capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit is adjusted by changing the osmotic pressure by changing the area of the semipermeable membrane.
8. An osmotic pressure drive-based two-phase fluid circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid line is a plurality of liquid lines connected in parallel, and the semipermeable membrane is disposed on each liquid line.
9. A two-phase fluid circuit based on osmotic pressure driving according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the evaporator is a plurality of evaporators connected in parallel, and the semipermeable membrane is disposed on the common liquid line.
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| CN201910710062.4A CN110542338A (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2019-08-02 | Osmotic pressure driven two-phase fluid loop |
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| CN201910710062.4A CN110542338A (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2019-08-02 | Osmotic pressure driven two-phase fluid loop |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117685805A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-12 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Separate heat pipe using semi-permeable membrane and ionic liquid and operation method |
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| CN117685805A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-12 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Separate heat pipe using semi-permeable membrane and ionic liquid and operation method |
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