CN110541125B - High-wear-resistance bainite complex phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railway and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-wear-resistance bainite complex phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railway and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel for railways, and particularly relates to a high-wear-resistance bainite complex-phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railways and a manufacturing method thereof. The high wear-resisting bainite complex phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railway has the following micro structure content in volume percent: 30 to 55 percent of bainite, 40 to 65 percent of martensite, 3 to 10 percent of residual austenite and 0.5 to 2 percent of carbonitride. The invention relates to a high-wear-resistance bainite complex-phase structure steel rail for a heavy haul railway, which solves the problem of serious side grinding of the heavy haul railway, particularly a small radius curve steel rail. The invention also provides a manufacturing method for obtaining the bainite complex phase structure steel rail.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel for railways, and particularly relates to a high-wear-resistance bainite complex-phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railways and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The heavy haul railway is the most effective way for improving the freight capacity of the railway and is also an important direction for railway development in China. In order to further improve the carrying efficiency and reduce the carrying cost, the axle weight, the running speed and the frequency of a heavy-duty train are continuously increased, under the condition, the abrasion problem of a heavy-duty steel rail is increasingly prominent, particularly in a small-radius curve section of the heavy-duty railway, due to the fact that the steel rail is subjected to additional guide force and attack angle, abnormal and serious side grinding can occur, the service life of the steel rail is limited, and the running safety is influenced. Therefore, the development of a new generation of high-wear-resistance heavy-load steel rail is imperative.
At present, most of rail materials widely applied at home and abroad are pearlite rails, and generally, the higher the hardness level of the rail is, the better the wear resistance of the rail is; therefore, the hardness of the pearlite steel rail has been gradually increased from the initial 220HB to 350-400HB by increasing the carbon content and the in-line heat treatment process and the like. However, for pearlitic rails, the hardness of up to 400HB has approached its strength limit. In addition, as the strength grade of the pearlitic rail material is improved, the contact fatigue damage becomes more serious, and the pearlite rail becomes a main failure form of the high-strength pearlitic rail. The contact fatigue damage is mainly caused by the subsurface microcracks, which are associated with the formation of a white bright layer on the rail surface during running, which is inevitable with pearlitic rails, and this tendency increases with the increase in carbon content.
In view of the fact that pearlite rails have been developed to the utmost and the contact fatigue damage is difficult to control, research shows that bainite rails have the hardness of high-carbon pearlite rails and have remarkably superior contact fatigue resistance under the condition of relatively low carbon content, and therefore, bainite rails are the most concerned research focus in China. However, the Wear resistance of bainitic rails has been controversial and studies have shown that bainitic rails are less Wear resistant than pearlitic rails (Wear 105 (1985) 199-222); however, bainite rails have also been investigated to show better Wear resistance than pearlite rails (Wear 203-204 (1997) 196-205).
Due to the incomplete bainite transformation characteristic, a single bainite structure is difficult to obtain in the bainite steel rail, the phenomenon of inconsistent wear resistance may be related to the proportion and the type of the complex phase structure of the bainite steel rail, but at present, the lack of information provides reasonable complex phase structure types and proportions to adapt to the service environment of heavy haul railways, particularly small radius curve steel rails.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-wear-resistance bainite complex-phase structure steel rail for a heavy haul railway, which aims to solve the problem of serious side grinding of the heavy haul railway, particularly a small radius curve steel rail.
The second purpose is to provide a manufacturing method for obtaining the bainite complex phase structure steel rail.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high wear-resisting bainite complex phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railway has the following micro structure content in volume percent: 30 to 55 percent of bainite, 40 to 65 percent of martensite, 3 to 10 percent of residual austenite and 0.5 to 2 percent of carbonitride.
Preferably, in the bainite complex phase structure steel rail for a heavy load curve, the content of the microstructure with the rail head tread of 5mm below comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30 to 50 percent of bainite, 45 to 65 percent of martensite, 3 to 8 percent of residual austenite and 1 to 2 percent of carbonitride.
Preferably, in the bainite complex phase structure steel rail for the heavy load curve, the rail head tread has the following microstructure content of 15mm according to volume percentage: 40 to 55 percent of bainite, 40 to 55 percent of martensite, 4 to 10 percent of residual austenite and 0.5 to 1 percent of carbonitride.
Preferably, in the steel rail with the bainite complex phase structure for the heavy load curve, martensite is martensite which is "carbon-poor"; carbonitrides include, but are not limited to, fine cementite, transition carbides, carbonitride of V, carbonitride of Nb.
In the present invention, a complex phase structure is employed to improve the wear resistance of heavy duty curved rails, particularly to inhibit severe side wear problems, providing reasonable and precise volume fractions of bainite, martensite, retained austenite and carbonitride. The content ratio of bainite to martensite is crucial to the toughness and wear resistance of the steel rail, and if the bainite content is too high, the strength and wear resistance are insufficient, and if the bainite content is too low, the toughness is insufficient, and the fatigue resistance is also reduced. The martensite is 'carbon-poor' martensite, so that the problem of brittleness increase of high-carbon martensite is avoided. The toughness and fatigue performance of the steel rail are improved by the TRIP effect of the residual austenite in the service process of the steel rail, and if the content is too low, the improvement of the toughness and fatigue performance is not facilitated; however, the retained austenite is metastable phase and is transformed into martensite in the service process, and if the content is too high, the transformed martensite content is also higher, which is adverse to the improvement of the toughness and the fatigue property. The carbonitride is an important component for improving the wear resistance of the heavy-duty steel rail, the content of the carbonitride is not too low, otherwise the wear resistance is not obviously improved, but is not too high, otherwise the cost is increased, and the size of the carbonitride is increased when the content is too high, so that the improvement of the toughness is not facilitated.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing method of a high-wear-resistance bainite complex-phase structure steel rail for a heavy haul railway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Smelting and casting the steel ingot into a steel ingot containing alloy elements of C, mn, si, cr, ni, mo, N, V, nb and Fe and inevitable impurity elements, and processing the steel ingot into a steel rail;
2) Naturally cooling the steel rail to the tread temperature of 450-850 ℃;
3) Cooling the tread of the steel rail to 150-300 ℃ at a cooling speed of 1-10 ℃/s;
4) Heating the steel rail to 200-320 ℃, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
5) Tempering the steel rail at 260-400 ℃ for 12-60 hours to obtain the bainite complex phase structure steel rail for the heavy load curve.
Preferably, the alloy element content of the steel ingot in the step 1) comprises, by mass: c:0.16 to 0.24wt%, mn:1.8 to 2.3wt%, si: 0.6-1.2 wt%, cr: 0.5-1.0 wt%, ni: 0.4-0.8 wt%, mo:0.25 to 0.45wt%, N:0.001 to 0.006wt%, V:0 to 0.1wt%, nb:0 to 0.02wt%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
In the present invention, a low carbon alloy design is used to improve rail weldability. Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo composite micro-alloying is adopted to improve the hardenability of bainite, so that on one hand, a bainite structure with a reasonable proportion can be obtained, and on the other hand, the lower alloy cost is controlled. By adopting the medium Si content, on one hand, the Si content is not too low, otherwise, residual austenite with a reasonable proportion is difficult to obtain, on the other hand, the Si content is not too high, otherwise, carbonitride with a reasonable proportion is difficult to obtain, and meanwhile, the welding softening zone is too large, so that the performance of a welding joint is influenced. By adopting N, V and Nb microalloying, the carbonitride with reasonable proportion is obtained on the premise of not obviously increasing the alloy cost.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the bainite complex phase structure steel rail, the volume fractions of bainite, martensite, residual austenite and carbonitride in the steel rail are controlled, so that the wear resistance of a heavy-duty curve steel rail is effectively improved, and the problem of serious side grinding of a small-radius curve steel rail is solved;
2. according to the invention, by adopting alloy element components and accurate control of the processing technology (especially accurate control of the heat treatment technology) and the processing technology matched with the alloy element components and the processing technology, the complex phase structure steel rail with a reasonable and accurate proportion is obtained, and the side grinding of the small-radius curve steel rail is inhibited; the mechanical property of the complex phase structure steel rail can reach: the tensile strength is 1380-1480 MPa, the yield strength is 1100-1300 MPa, the elongation is more than 12 percent, and the impact toughness is more than 100J; according to the standard of GB/T1244.1-90 metal wear test method MM type wear test, compared with a heat treatment type U75V pearlite steel rail, the weight loss rate of the bainite complex phase structure steel rail obtained by the method is reduced by more than 2 times, namely the wear resistance is improved by more than 2 times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a color metallographic photograph of a complex phase structure of a 5mm position of a steel rail tread of example 2;
FIG. 2 is a color metallographic photograph of a complex phase structure of a 15mm position of a steel rail tread of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a color metallographic photograph of a complex phase structure of a 5mm position of a steel rail tread of comparative example 3.
Wherein, in the drawings: blue is bainite, brown is martensite, white is retained austenite, and black is carbonitride.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the tables and drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Table 1 provides six examples and three comparative examples, each of which gives elements and corresponding contents thereof contained in manufacturing of a bainite complex phase structure steel rail for a heavy load curve; table 2 shows data concerning steps 2) to 5) of the bainite complex phase structure steel rail for a heavy load curve in the manufacturing process of each of the examples and the comparative examples; table 3 shows the complex phase structure and the corresponding volume fraction in the bainite complex phase structure steel rail for the heavy load curve in each example and comparative example; table 4 shows the data on the mechanical properties of the steel rail having the complex phase bainite structure for the heavy load curve in each of the examples and comparative examples.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show the color metallographic photographs of the complex phase structure of the steel rail tread of example 2 at the position of 5mm and the position of 15mm, respectively; FIG. 3 shows a colour metallographic photograph of the complex phase structure of the rail tread of comparative example 3 at a position of 5 mm.
According to the invention, by adopting alloy element components and accurate control of the processing technology (especially accurate control of the heat treatment technology) and the processing technology matched with the alloy element components and the processing technology, the complex phase structure steel rail with a reasonable and accurate proportion is obtained, and the side grinding of the small-radius curve steel rail is inhibited; the mechanical property of the complex phase structure steel rail can reach: the tensile strength is 1380-1480 MPa, the yield strength is 1100-1300 MPa, the elongation is more than 12 percent, and the impact toughness is more than 100J; according to the standard of GB/T1244.1-90 MM type wear test of metal wear test method, compared with a heat treatment type U75V pearlite steel rail, the weight loss rate of the bainite complex phase structure steel rail obtained by the method is reduced by more than 2 times, namely the wear resistance is improved by more than 2 times.
Table 1 shows alloy compositions and mass percentages of examples and comparative examples
Table 2 shows the heat treatment process of examples and comparative examples
Table 3 shows the complex phase structure volume fractions of the examples and comparative examples
Table 4 shows the mechanical properties of examples and comparative examples
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related systems, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The high wear-resisting bainite complex phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railway is characterized in that the microstructure content comprises 30-55% of bainite, 40-65% of martensite, 3-10% of retained austenite and 0.5-2% of carbonitride according to volume percentage;
the microstructure content of the rail head tread is 5mm below the rail head tread, and the rail head tread comprises 30-50% of bainite, 45-65% of martensite, 3-8% of residual austenite and 1-2% of carbonitride according to volume percentage.
2. The high wear-resistant bainite complex phase structure steel rail for the heavy haul railway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microstructure content 15mm below the rail head tread comprises, by volume, 40-55% of bainite, 40-55% of martensite, 4-10% of retained austenite, and 0.5-1% of carbonitride.
3. The high-wear-resistance bainite complex-phase structure steel rail for the heavy haul railway according to claim 1, wherein the martensite is a carbon-poor martensite; carbonitrides include, but are not limited to, cementite, carbide, carbonitride of V, carbonitride of Nb.
4. The method for manufacturing a high wear-resistant bainite complex phase structure steel rail for a heavy haul railway as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the preparation thereof comprises the steps of:
1) Smelting and casting the steel ingot into a steel ingot containing alloy elements of C, mn, si, cr, ni, mo, N, V, nb and Fe and inevitable impurity elements, and processing the steel ingot into a steel rail;
2) Naturally cooling the steel rail to the tread temperature of 450-850 ℃;
3) Cooling the steel rail tread to 150-300 ℃ at a cooling speed of 1-10 ℃/s;
4) Heating the steel rail to 200-320 ℃, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
5) Tempering the steel rail at 260-400 ℃ for 12-60 hours to obtain the bainite complex phase structure steel rail for the heavy load curve.
5. The method for manufacturing a highly wear-resistant bainite complex phase structure steel rail for heavy haul railways according to claim 4, wherein the content of the alloy elements in the steel ingot in step 1) comprises, by mass, 0.16 to 0.24wt% of C, 1.8 to 2.3wt% of Mn, 0.6 to 1.2wt% of Si, 0.5 to 1.0wt% of Cr, 0.4 to 0.8wt% of Ni, 0.25 to 0.45wt% of Mo, 0.001 to 0.006wt% of N, 0 to 0.1wt% of V, 0 to 0.02wt% of Nb, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
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CN111593270A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-08-28 | 北京特冶工贸有限责任公司 | 1280 MPa-grade martensite multiphase bainite steel rail for general line and manufacturing method thereof |
CN111593258A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-08-28 | 北京特冶工贸有限责任公司 | High-wear-resistance high-strength-toughness bainite-martensite multiphase structure steel rail for curve and manufacturing method thereof |
CN112251592B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-03-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Construction method for heat treatment of dissimilar steel rail flash welded joint |
CN112501518B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-04-01 | 青岛科技大学 | Bainite steel and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115058579B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-08-29 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | High-wear-resistance bainite wheel and tread cooling quenching method and preparation method |
CN115354217B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-03-03 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Impact-abrasion-resistant complex-phase structure hammer head and preparation method thereof |
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