CN110541091B - High-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit - Google Patents

High-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit Download PDF

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CN110541091B
CN110541091B CN201910947438.3A CN201910947438A CN110541091B CN 110541091 B CN110541091 B CN 110541091B CN 201910947438 A CN201910947438 A CN 201910947438A CN 110541091 B CN110541091 B CN 110541091B
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aluminum alloy
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唐开健
王超
李�亨
贡玉楼
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Anhui Xin Platinum Aluminum Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit. The aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 1.2-2.0%, Mg 0.8-2.1%, Ti 0.5-0.8%, Mn 0.3-0.6%, Mo 0.2-0.4%, Sr 0.1-0.3%, Ga 0.2-0.4%, Fe 0.2-0.5%, V1.1-2.2%, W1.8-3.7%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%. The aluminum alloy section prepared by the invention can obviously improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the material by adding Si, Mg, Ti, Mn, Mo and Sr, and can enhance the plasticity of the material by adding Ga, Fe, V, W or Lecai stone under the condition of not reducing the strength of the aluminum alloy section.

Description

High-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy material preparation, and particularly relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit.
Background
The urban rail transit system is a transit system which uses vehicles to run on fixed guide rails in cities and is mainly used for urban passenger transportation. The light weight and corrosion resistance of the vehicle material are better than those of the common vehicle body material, and the aluminum alloy material is more and more attracted by the advantages of small density, high strength, good corrosion resistance, easy surface processing and coating and the like.
The aluminum alloy vehicle body structural member for rail transit vehicles such as high-speed trains, subways, light rails and the like is processed and manufactured by adopting large thin-wall hollow extruded sections and aluminum alloy plates, and the in-train equipment such as side walls, inner and outer end walls, door column covers, seats, water tanks and the like and other structural members are manufactured by adopting aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum alloy vehicle body structural member has excellent performances of light weight, corrosion resistance, attractiveness, coating prevention and the like. However, since aluminum alloys have small plasticity and large springback at normal temperature as compared with conventional steel sheets used for the production of rail transit vehicles, forming by conventional plastic methods is difficult. Plasticity is one of the important properties of metals, which refers to the ability of a metal to change shape permanently without damage under an external force. The plasticity of metal materials changes with the change of the self-organization state and deformation conditions, and under the specific organization structure and deformation conditions, the metal and the alloy can present unusually large deformation capacity, and the elongation can reach hundreds of percent or even thousands of percent or more, which is called superplasticity.
In order to control and utilize superplasticity, the mechanism of superplastic deformation must be understood. To date, a number of researchers have conducted a series of experimental and theoretical studies in succession to explore the microscopic nature of superplastic deformation, and have proposed a series of theories, hypotheses and models about the mechanism of superplastic deformation. Theories such as grain boundary sliding, diffusion creep, dislocation movement and the like which have sufficient experimental basis are generally accepted. From the microscopic mechanism and model of superplastic deformation, which are currently popular, there are two main types, one is diffusion flow (diffusion flow) and the other is Dislocation movement (Dislocation movement). The understanding of the mechanisms is extremely complex, and the explanation of various mechanisms is crossed, so that the proportion of substances is still selected according to experience in the preparation of the aluminum alloy material with superplasticity at present, but the aluminum alloy material for the urban rail transit system needs higher strength, the substances capable of enabling the material to have superplasticity are generally added, the overall strength of the material is reduced, the theoretical guidance is fuzzy, and a proper additive is difficult to find according to the theoretical guidance, so that the high strength and the superplasticity of the aluminum alloy can be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit.
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 1.2-2.0%, Mg 0.8-2.1%, Ti 0.5-0.8%, Mn 0.3-0.6%, Mo 0.2-0.4%, Sr 0.1-0.3%, Ga 0.2-0.4%, Fe 0.2-0.5%, V1.1-2.2%, W1.8-3.7%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at the temperature of 720-740 ℃, and then adding 1.2-2.0% of Si, 0.8-2.1% of Mg, 0.5-0.8% of Ti, 0.3-0.6% of Mn, 0.2-0.4% of Mo, 0.1-0.3% of Sr, 0.2-0.4% of Ga, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 1.1-2.2% of V and 1.8-3.7% of W, wherein the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 750-800 deg.c, stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 0.5-1.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace;
(3) the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃ and 730 ℃, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is subjected to ultrasonic vibration and semi-continuous casting to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 40-50 cm;
(4) and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 60-80mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 500-550 ℃, the temperature of a die is 450-480 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 2-4m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at the temperature of 170-190 ℃ for 10-20h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
The purity of the raw material aluminum is more than 99.9%.
The casting speed of the ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting is 15-25mm/min, the ultrasonic frequency is 40-60kHz, and the ultrasonic output power is 350-450W.
Preferably, the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at the temperature of 720 plus materials and 740 ℃, then adding 1.2-2.0% of Si, 0.8-2.1% of Mg, 0.5-0.8% of Ti, 0.3-0.6% of Mn, 0.2-0.4% of Mo, 0.1-0.3% of Sr and 5.8-9.8% of lycra, wherein the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 750-800 deg.c, stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 0.5-1.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace;
(3) the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃ and 730 ℃, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is subjected to ultrasonic vibration and semi-continuous casting to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 40-50 cm;
(4) and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 60-80mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 500-550 ℃, the temperature of a die is 450-480 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 2-4m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at the temperature of 170-190 ℃ for 10-20h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
The Mo added in the invention can form (MoFe) Al in the aluminum alloy section7The intermetallic compound hinders nucleation and growth processes of recrystallized grains, can enhance the strength of the aluminum alloy section, can improve the toughness of the aluminum alloy section, can reduce stress corrosion cracking sensitivity of the aluminum alloy section, and can improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section. The addition of Si and Ti also significantly enhances the strength of the material.
The added lycra stone and tungstate (containing molybdate) belong to an orthorhombic system, have the specific gravity of about 4.3 and the crystal molecular formula of (CaO)0.5(FeO)0.5·V2O5·4WO3·6H2And O, compared with the combination of the Ga, Fe, V and W metal elements, the composition of the metal elements is approximately similar in the process of preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy material, but the plasticity of the aluminum alloy material prepared by adding the Lecardite is far greater than that of the combination directly added with the Ga, Fe, V and W metal elements. The inventors tried to investigate the principle of enhancing plasticity, but the factors involved were too complicated to succeed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the aluminum alloy section prepared by the invention, 1.2-2.0% of Si, 0.8-2.1% of Mg, 0.5-0.8% of Ti, 0.3-0.6% of Mn, 0.2-0.4% of Mo and 0.1-0.3% of Sr are added, the strength and the corrosion resistance of the material can be obviously improved, 0.2-0.4% of Ga, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 1.1-2.2% of V, 1.8-3.7% of W or 5.8-9.8% of Lecai stone are added, and the plasticity of the material can be enhanced under the condition that the strength of the aluminum alloy section is not reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 1.8%, Mg 1.6%, Ti 0.6%, Mn 0.5%, Mo 0.3%, Sr 0.2%, Ga 0.3%, Fe 0.4%, V1.6%, W2.5%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 730 ℃, and then adding 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.3 percent of Ga, 0.4 percent of Fe, 1.6 percent of V and 2.5 percent of W, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 780 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 720 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 45 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 70mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 520 ℃, the temperature of a die is 460 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 15h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Example 2
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 1.2%, Mg 0.9%, Ti 0.7%, Mn 0.5%, Mo 0.2%, Sr 0.3%, Ga 0.3%, Fe 0.5%, V1.8%, W3.5%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 720 ℃, and then adding 1.2 percent of Si, 0.9 percent of Mg, 0.7 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.2 percent of Mo, 0.3 percent of Sr, 0.3 percent of Ga, 0.5 percent of Fe, 1.8 percent of V and 3.5 percent of W, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 760 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 0.8 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 710 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration and semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 50 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 60mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 500 ℃, the temperature of a die is 450 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 2m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 170 ℃ for 12h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Example 3
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.8% of Si, 1.6% of Mg, 0.6% of Ti, 0.5% of Mn, 0.3% of Mo, 0.2% of Sr, 7.8% of Lecardite, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 730 ℃, and then adding 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Sr and 7.8 percent of Lecardite, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 780 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 720 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 45 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 70mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 520 ℃, the temperature of a die is 460 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 15h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Comparative example 1
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.8% of Si, 1.6% of Mg, 0.6% of Ti, 0.5% of Mn, 0.3% of Mo, 0.2% of Sr, 0.4% of Fe, 1.6% of V, 2.5% of W, the balance of Al and impurities, and the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 730 ℃, and then adding 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.4 percent of Fe, 1.6 percent of V and 2.5 percent of W, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 780 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 720 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 45 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 70mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 520 ℃, the temperature of a die is 460 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 15h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Comparative example 2
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 1.8%, Mg 1.6%, Ti 0.6%, Mn 0.5%, Mo 0.3%, Sr 0.2%, Ga 0.3%, V1.6%, W2.5%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 730 ℃, and then adding 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.3 percent of Ga, 1.6 percent of V and 2.5 percent of W, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 780 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 720 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 45 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 70mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 520 ℃, the temperature of a die is 460 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 15h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Comparative example 3
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.8% of Si, 1.6% of Mg, 0.6% of Ti, 0.5% of Mn, 0.3% of Mo, 0.2% of Sr, 0.3% of Ga, 0.4% of Fe, 2.5% of W, the balance of Al and impurities, and the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 730 ℃, and then adding 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.3 percent of Ga, 0.4 percent of Fe and 2.5 percent of W, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 780 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 720 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 45 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 70mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 520 ℃, the temperature of a die is 460 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 15h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Comparative example 4
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 1.8%, Mg 1.6%, Ti 0.6%, Mn 0.5%, Mo 0.3%, Sr 0.2%, Ga 0.3%, Fe 0.4%, V1.6%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 730 ℃, and then adding 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Sr, 0.3 percent of Ga, 0.4 percent of Fe and 1.6 percent of V, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 780 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 720 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 45 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 70mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 520 ℃, the temperature of a die is 460 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 15h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Comparative example 5
The high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Sr, the balance of Al and impurities, and the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1 percent.
The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit comprises the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at 730 ℃, and then adding 1.8 percent of Si, 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ti, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mo and 0.2 percent of Sr, wherein the percentages are percentages of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 780 ℃, and stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace;
(3) reducing the temperature to 720 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic vibration semi-continuous casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 45 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 70mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 520 ℃, the temperature of a die is 460 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 3m/min, carrying out water mist on-line quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy section at the outlet of the die, finally carrying out aging treatment on the treated aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 15h, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy section for rail transit.
Experimental example 1:
the aluminum alloy sections prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to mechanical testing at room temperature using a universal testing machine (KTS-1017, product name, science instruments ltd., su state) to measure tensile strength and yield strength of test pieces having a thickness of 4mm, a length of 10cm and a width of 5cm, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002224554970000111
Note: represents P <0.05 compared to example 1.
Experimental example 2:
the test is carried out on a microcomputer-controlled electronic universal thermal tensile testing machine RG2000-20, the elongation of the material is measured, the thickness of a tensile sample is 2mm, the sample is I-shaped, the head size is 15X20mm, the middle size is 25X6mm, the head is accurately installed on a clamp, the test temperature is selected to be 500 ℃ and 550 ℃, in order to enable the sample to uniformly reach the set target temperature, and the temperature is kept for 5 minutes when the sample is heated to the set temperature. The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002224554970000121
Note: represents P <0.05 compared to example 1.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy material for rail transit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) melting raw material aluminum at the temperature of 720 plus materials and 740 ℃, then adding 1.2-2.0% of Si, 0.8-2.1% of Mg, 0.5-0.8% of Ti, 0.3-0.6% of Mn, 0.2-0.4% of Mo, 0.1-0.3% of Sr and 5.8-9.8% of lycra, wherein the percentage is the percentage of the total weight of the raw materials; heating to 750-800 deg.c, stirring and melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;
(2) adding a refining agent accounting for 0.5-1.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out refining, degassing and deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace;
(3) the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃ and 730 ℃, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is subjected to ultrasonic vibration and semi-continuous casting to form an aluminum alloy round bar with the diameter of 40-50 cm;
(4) extruding an aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum alloy section with the width of 60-80mm under the conditions that the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 500-;
the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si 1.2-2.0%, Mg 0.8-2.1%, Ti 0.5-0.8%, Mn 0.3-0.6%, Mo 0.2-0.4%, Sr 0.1-0.3%, Ca 0.2-0.4%, Fe 0.2-0.5%, V1.1-2.2%, W1.8-3.7%, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein the total amount of the impurities is controlled within 0.1%.
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