CN110540305B - Small watershed river channel repairing method - Google Patents
Small watershed river channel repairing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110540305B CN110540305B CN201910818518.9A CN201910818518A CN110540305B CN 110540305 B CN110540305 B CN 110540305B CN 201910818518 A CN201910818518 A CN 201910818518A CN 110540305 B CN110540305 B CN 110540305B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
Abstract
The invention discloses a small watershed river channel repairing method, which comprises the following steps: s1, fishing the solid garbage deposited in the river channel, and removing non-degradable impurities in the bottom mud of the river channel; s2, putting adsorption microspheres into the river channel, stirring, standing, and removing the adsorption microspheres; s3, throwing the modified clay and the composite strains into the river channel; and S4, planting submerged plants. According to the small-watershed river channel restoration method, the bottom mud of the river channel is improved and activated in a mode of combining chemical adsorption and microbial purification, and meanwhile, the ecological restoration of the small-watershed river channel is realized by planting submerged plants as pioneer plants, so that the method has the advantages of low cost, good purification effect and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of river pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a small watershed river channel restoration method.
Background
In the process of urbanization, due to the influence of human activities, a large amount of pollutants enter a water body through atmospheric sedimentation, wastewater discharge, rainwater scouring and the like, and finally deposit into bottom mud and gradually enrich, the bottom mud of the eutrophic river channel is generally seriously polluted, and the pollutants in the bottom mud are repeatedly mixed with the water body, so that the water quality is difficult to reach the standard. The aggravation of bed mud pollution is mainly that the human factor causes, and in the high-speed development process of economy, a large amount of difficult degradation, high concentration's pollutant enter into the river course, and the pollutant accumulation is in the river course bed mud to can lead to the blackening of water smelly, and to the solution of bed mud pollutant in the harnessing of river course, the key of quality of water recovery.
The polluted bottom sediment is mainly repaired by several methods, such as physical repair, chemical repair, biological repair and the like. The physical restoration mainly comprises methods of sediment dredging, sediment covering and the like, and is characterized by quick response, but has the defects of being uneconomical, easy to damage aquatic ecology, difficult to guarantee long-term effect and the like. Chemical remediation fixes and passivates pollutants in bottom mud by adding chemical reagents, and calcium salt, aluminum salt and iron salt are commonly used curing agents, but researches show that when the aluminum salt is too high, the aluminum salt has certain toxicity to aquatic organisms, and although the calcium salt and the iron salt have a good combination effect on soluble phosphate, the iron salt is easily influenced by the change of the pH value and the ORP of the bottom mud. Bioremediation is a method for eliminating organic pollutants in bottom sediment by adding microorganisms or improving the activity of indigenous microorganisms, and the method has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, no secondary pollution and the like, and the bioremediation becomes a hotspot for treating polluted environments along with the continuous development of biotechnology and bioscience.
CN108947158A discloses a method for digesting black and odorous river sediment by using a microbial preparation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding a microbial preparation into the black and odorous river, wherein the microbial preparation comprises CQ1, CQ2 and CQ3 according to the volume ratio of 1-3: 1-3: 1, CQ1 is a mixed microbial inoculum formed by mixing bacillus subtilis, golden yellow bacillus, acinetobacter, psychrophile, acinetobacter and pseudomonas strains according to equal volume ratio; CQ2 is a mixed bacterial agent prepared by mixing strains of the genus toxoplasma, the genus Acinetobacter and the genus Shewanella according to the equal volume ratio; CQ3 is a mixed bacterial agent prepared by mixing strains of Aeromonas, Ralstonia and Ralstonia according to equal volume ratio. The strain in the microbial preparation can restore the microbial population of an ecological system and enhance the self-cleaning function of a water body.
CN106916763A discloses a microbial agent for degrading black and odorous water body bottom mud, which comprises: 0.5-10 parts of A liquid, 0.1-10 parts of B liquid and 0.1-10 parts of C liquid, wherein the A liquid is aerobic microorganism liquid for degrading bottom mud, the B liquid is anoxic microorganism liquid for degrading bottom mud, and the C liquid is anaerobic microorganism liquid for degrading bottom mud. The invention uses aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic strains for compounding to treat the black and odorous river body, activates the deficient related strains in the river channel by adjusting the nutrition balance of the black and odorous water body, promotes the rapid decomposition of bottom mud organic matters, and finally achieves the purpose of self-purification of the water body.
However, in the prior art, microbial strains are directly put into the river channel, heavy metals and high-concentration organic matters in the bottom mud of the river channel can generate a certain inhibition effect on the microbial strains, so that the purification effect is poor, and in order to ensure the purification effect, a large amount of strains need to be repeatedly added, so that the labor intensity is large, the cost is high, and the method is not suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a small watershed river channel repairing method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a small watershed river channel repairing method comprises the following steps:
s1, fishing the solid garbage deposited in the river channel, and removing non-degradable impurities in the bottom mud of the river channel;
s2, putting adsorption microspheres into the river channel, stirring, standing, and removing the adsorption microspheres;
s3, throwing the modified clay and the composite strains into the river channel;
and S4, planting submerged plants.
Preferably, the particle size of the adsorption microspheres in step S2 is 15-20 cm.
Further preferably, the adsorption microspheres consist of citric acid, pullulan and zeolite.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the citric acid to the pullulan to the zeolite is 6:1: 12.
Further preferably, the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.02-0.06% of the weight of the riverway sediment.
Preferably, the stirring time in the step S2 is 2-3h, and the standing time is 24-36 h.
Preferably, the modified clay is added in the step S3 in an amount of 0.05-0.1% by weight of the river water body.
Further preferably, the modified clay consists of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the calcium nitrate to the clay to the chitosan is 1:100: 2.
Preferably, the adding amount of the composite bacterial seeds in the step S3 is 0.05-0.12% of the weight of the riverway bottom mud to be treated.
Further preferably, the composite bacterial strain consists of bacillus subtilis, yeast, nitrobacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria.
Further preferably, the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the yeast, the nitrifying bacteria and the ammonia oxidizing bacteria is 2:1:3: 1.
Preferably, the submerged plant of step S4 is at least one of hay, hydrilla verticillata, foxtail, potamogeton crispus, small arrowhead, curly pondweed, and hornwort.
Preferably, the submerged plant is planted at a density of 50-60 plants/m in the step S42。
Further preferably, the submerged plants are the hay, the curly pondweed and the caraway in a planting ratio of 2:1: 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the small-watershed river channel restoration method, the bottom mud of the river channel is improved and activated in a mode of combining chemical adsorption and microbial purification, and meanwhile, the ecological restoration of the small-watershed river channel is realized by planting submerged plants as pioneer plants, so that the method has the advantages of low cost, good purification effect and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
(2) The adsorption microspheres take zeolite as an adsorption carrier and pullulan as a film covering agent, so that the slow release of the citric acid is realized, the removal of heavy metals in the bottom sediment is facilitated, and the inhibition effect of the heavy metals in the bottom sediment on the composite strains is avoided. Meanwhile, the adsorption carrier can be repeatedly used, so that the treatment cost is reduced.
(3) By throwing the modified clay consisting of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan into the river channel, on one hand, pollutants in the water body can be reduced, the water quality of the water body is improved, such as the transparency of the water body is improved, dissolved oxygen and the like are increased, on the other hand, the survival rate of submerged plants can be improved, the growth of subsequent submerged plants is promoted, and the coverage of the submerged plants is improved.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Before the present embodiments are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
When numerical ranges are given in the examples, it is understood that both endpoints of each of the numerical ranges and any value therebetween can be selected unless the invention otherwise indicated. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The sources of the raw materials are not limited in the present invention, and the raw materials used in the present invention are all common commercial products unless otherwise specified. The clay is purchased from red clay special for sewage treatment of Guangzhou Tuoyi trade company Limited; the chitosan was purchased from industrial grade chitosan of Shandong Onkang Biotech Co.
A small watershed river channel repairing method comprises the following steps:
s1, fishing the solid garbage deposited in the river channel, and removing non-degradable impurities in the bottom mud of the river channel;
s2, adding adsorption microspheres with the particle size of 15-20cm into the river channel, stirring for 2-3h, standing for 24-36h, and removing the adsorption microspheres;
the adsorption microspheres consist of citric acid, pullulan and zeolite in a mass ratio of 6:1: 12; the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.02-0.06% of the weight of the river sediment;
s3, throwing modified clay and compound strains into the river channel;
the modified clay consists of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1:100: 2; the addition amount of the modified clay is 0.05-0.1% of the weight of the river water body;
the composite strain consists of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a weight ratio of 2:1:3: 1; the adding amount of the composite strain is 0.05-0.12% of the weight of the riverway bottom mud to be treated.
S4, planting submerged plants, wherein the submerged plants are at least one of hay, hydrilla verticillata, foxtail, potamogeton crispus, small arrowroot-like algae, potamogeton crispus and goldfish algae; the planting density is 50-60 plants/m2。
Example 1
A small watershed river channel repairing method comprises the following steps:
s1, fishing the solid garbage deposited in the river channel, and removing non-degradable impurities in the bottom mud of the river channel;
s2, adding adsorption microspheres with the particle size of 20cm into the river channel, stirring for 2 hours, standing for 24 hours, and removing the adsorption microspheres;
the adsorption microspheres consist of citric acid, pullulan and zeolite in a mass ratio of 6:1: 12; the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.06 percent of the weight of the bottom mud of the river;
s3, throwing modified clay and compound strains into the river channel;
the modified clay consists of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1:100: 2; the addition amount of the modified clay is 0.05 percent of the weight of the river water body;
the composite strain consists of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a weight ratio of 2:1:3: 1; the adding amount of the composite strain is 0.12 percent of the weight of the bottom mud of the riverway to be treated.
S4, planting three submerged plants of the hay, the potamogeton crispus and the potamogeton crispus according to the planting ratio of 2:1:2, wherein the planting density of the submerged plants is 50 plants/m2。
Example 2
A small watershed river channel repairing method comprises the following steps:
s1, fishing the solid garbage deposited in the river channel, and removing non-degradable impurities in the bottom mud of the river channel;
s2, adding adsorption microspheres with the particle size of 15cm into the river channel, stirring for 3 hours, standing for 36 hours, and removing the adsorption microspheres;
the adsorption microspheres consist of citric acid, pullulan and zeolite in a mass ratio of 6:1: 12; the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.02 percent of the weight of the bottom mud of the river channel;
s3, throwing modified clay and compound strains into the river channel;
the modified clay consists of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1:100: 2; the addition amount of the modified clay is 0.1 percent of the weight of the river water body;
the composite strain consists of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a weight ratio of 2:1:3: 1; the adding amount of the composite strain is 0.05 percent of the weight of the bottom mud of the riverway to be treated.
S4, planting three submerged plants of the hay, the potamogeton crispus and the potamogeton crispus according to the planting ratio of 2:1:2, wherein the planting density of the submerged plants is 60 plants/m2。
Example 3
A small watershed river channel repairing method comprises the following steps:
s1, fishing the solid garbage deposited in the river channel, and removing non-degradable impurities in the bottom mud of the river channel;
s2, adding adsorption microspheres with the particle size of 18cm into the river channel, stirring for 2.5 hours, standing for 32 hours, and removing the adsorption microspheres;
the adsorption microspheres consist of citric acid, pullulan and zeolite in a mass ratio of 6:1: 12; the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.04 percent of the weight of the bottom mud of the river channel;
s3, throwing modified clay and compound strains into the river channel;
the modified clay consists of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1:100: 2; the addition amount of the modified clay is 0.08 percent of the weight of the river water body;
the composite strain consists of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, nitrobacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria in a weight ratio of 2:1:3: 1; the adding amount of the composite strain is 0.09 percent of the weight of the bottom mud of the riverway to be treated.
S4, planting three submerged plants of the hay, the potamogeton crispus and the potamogeton crispus according to the planting ratio of 2:1:2, wherein the planting density of the submerged plants is 53 plants/m2。
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the adsorption microspheres consist of citric acid and zeolite in a mass ratio of 1: 2; the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.07 percent of the weight of the bottom mud of the river.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the adsorption microspheres are composed of citric acid, pullulan and zeolite in a mass ratio of 3:1:6, and the addition amount of the citric acid is 0.07% of the weight of the riverway bottom mud.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the modified clay consists of clay and chitosan in a mass ratio of 100:1, and the addition amount of the modified clay is 0.15% of the weight of the river water body.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the modified clay consists of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1:50:2, and the addition amount of the modified clay is 0.15% of the weight of the river water body.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the planting ratio of the hay to the curly pondweed to the potamogeton crispus is 1:2:3, and the planting density of the submerged plants is 65 plants/m2。
Experimental example 1 simulation of natural river experiment
The natural river channel simulating reactor is made of organic glass, the length, the width and the height of the natural river channel simulating reactor are respectively 18m, 0.8m and 0.5m, and the gradient of the natural river channel simulating reactor is 0.1 percent. 15cm of bottom mud and 50cm of river water are paved at the bottom of the reactor and used for simulating a natural river channel. The simulated natural river channel is treated according to the measures of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 of the invention, the operation is carried out for 3 months, the water quality is measured according to the standard method in the water and wastewater monitoring and analyzing method (4 th edition), the transparency of the water body is measured by adopting a transparent disc, and 0.25m is collected after the experiment is finished3Submerged plant, calculating submerged plantThe density of the substances and the coverage of submerged plants in the simulated natural river are calculated, and the experimental results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
| Transparency/cm | Plant coverage/%) | |
| Example 1 | 50 | 53 |
| Example 2 | 50 | 55 |
| Example 3 | 50 | 62 |
| Comparative example 1 | 35 | 30 |
| Comparative example 2 | 40 | 32 |
| Comparative example 3 | 30 | 20 |
| Comparative example 4 | 30 | 25 |
| Comparative example 5 | 40 | 43 |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the chemical adsorption of the adsorption microspheres, the microbial purification of the composite strains and the phytoremediation of the submerged plants jointly achieve the purposes of improving the water quality of the river channel and eliminating endogenous pollution in the bottom mud, so that the efficient remediation of the small-watershed river channel is achieved, the operation cost is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Meanwhile, by throwing the modified clay consisting of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan into the river channel, on one hand, pollutants in the water body can be reduced, the water quality of the water body is improved, such as the transparency of the water body is improved, dissolved oxygen and the like are increased, on the other hand, the survival rate of the submerged plant can be improved, the growth of the subsequent submerged plant is promoted, and the coverage of the submerged plant is improved.
By applying the small watershed riverway restoration method in the embodiment 3, 12 heavily polluted riverways with pollution degrees belonging to the national riverway sediment evaluation are randomly selected for testing, after the river is operated for 3 months, the color of river water tends to be normal, the river surface odor is eliminated, the water quality reaches the national standard, and the effective rate reaches 100%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The small watershed river channel repairing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, fishing the solid garbage deposited in the river channel, and removing non-degradable impurities in the bottom mud of the river channel;
s2, putting adsorption microspheres into the river channel, stirring, standing, and removing the adsorption microspheres;
the adsorption microspheres consist of citric acid, pullulan and zeolite in a mass ratio of 6:1: 12;
s3, throwing the modified clay and the composite strains into the river channel;
the adding amount of the modified clay in the step S3 is 0.05-0.1% of the weight of the river water body;
the modified clay consists of calcium nitrate, clay and chitosan; the mass ratio of the calcium nitrate to the clay to the chitosan is 1:100: 2;
and S4, planting submerged plants.
2. The small watershed riverway restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the adsorption microspheres in step S2 is 15-20 cm.
3. The small watershed river channel restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the citric acid is added in an amount of 0.02-0.06% of the weight of the river channel sediment.
4. The method for restoring a small watershed river channel according to claim 1, wherein the stirring time in the step S2 is 2-3h, and the standing time is 24-36 h.
5. The small watershed riverway restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the composite bacterial strain is added in an amount of 0.05-0.12% of the weight of the riverway sediment in step S3.
6. The small watershed river restoration method according to claim 5, wherein the composite bacterial species consists of bacillus subtilis, yeast, nitrifying bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria.
7. The method for restoring a small watershed river according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the submerged plant in step S4 is at least one of hay, hydrilla verticillata, foxtail, potamogeton crispus, small arrowhead, curly pondweed, and hornwort.
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