CN110530746A - The full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue - Google Patents
The full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of full Strain life Curve test methods of metal material high and low cycle fatigue, and this method comprises the following steps: 1) in the low-cycle fatigue stage, carrying out fatigue test to sample using strain controlling；2) with low all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε corresponding under each levels of strainp'/2 and low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2 carry out power function fitting；3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, fatigue test is carried out to sample using Stress Control；4) initial full Strain life Curve is drawn；5) the full Strain life Curve of high and low cycle fatigue after fitting is calculated.The full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue of the invention uniformly characterizes traditional high cycle fatigue with low-cycle fatigue with full Strain life Curve, and the scope of application is wider, accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material mechanics performance tests, and in particular to and a kind of metal material high and low cycle fatigue strains entirely-
Life curve test method.
Background technique
With the variation of Structural design idea, more and more users carry out structure and set clocking requirement offer raw material one kind
New fatigue behaviour characterizing method, the present invention are named as full Strain life Curve.The curve includes the height under low stress small strain
Low-cycle fatigue feature under all fatigue characteristics and the big strain of high stress, the high cycle fatigue of material and low cycle fatigue property are unified
Come, is characterized with Strain life Curve.And Strain life Curve described in tradition be mainly used for describe material high stress it is big
Low-cycle fatigue behavior under strain, the high cycle fatigue behavior of low stress are described with S-N curve.
In use due to structural member, the deflection that each position is born is different, some components bear biggish
Deflection, some components bear lesser deflection, to can rationally assess the safe handling longevity of its different parts in design
Life, must just depend on the service life corresponding to the differently strained amount of material, and therefore, it is necessary to measure the full Strain life Curve of material to make
For data supporting.
There are four the current national testing standard about Fatigue Life Curve is main, standard GB/T/T 15248-2008
" Metal Material Fatigue test is axial to answer by " metal material axial direction constant amplitude low-cycle fatigue test method " and GB/T 26077-2010
Become control method " be primarily adapted for use in material occur large strain when, test process strain controlling, cycle life be lower than 105Secondary
Low cycle fatigue test test；GB/T 3075-2008 " Metal Material Fatigue test axial force control method " and GB/T 26076-
2010 " sheet metal (band) axial force controls fatigue test method " define the high-cycle fatigue test condition of Stress Control, circulation
Service life is generally 105~107Between, what is obtained is S-N curve.Since full Strain life Curve is a novel concept,
Document about this respect is considerably less, document " Characterization of the strain-life fatigue
Properties of thin sheet metal using an optical extensometer " in proposition extended with optics
The Strain life Curve of measurement examination thin plate.This method uses displacement control mode, does two mark points in the parallel-segment of sample,
It is taken pictures the variation of two mark point distances during tracking test by DIC digital acquisition system, to extrapolate dependent variable.So
And this method is not strain controlling, and the strain error for being displaced conversion is larger, and the frequency of digital acquisition system is limited, greatly
It is complete that the data of amount are difficult acquisition.
In conclusion the full Strain life Curve of metal material is necessary basic data in structure member design, and mesh
There are no the Uniform provisions about its characterizing method and measuring technology in preceding national and foreign standards and document.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned background technique, a kind of metal material high and low cycle fatigue is provided and is answered entirely
Change-life curve test method, this method uniformly carry out traditional high cycle fatigue and low-cycle fatigue with full Strain life Curve
Characterization, the scope of application is wider, accuracy is higher.
To achieve the above object, the full Strain life Curve test of a kind of metal material high and low cycle fatigue provided by the invention
Method includes the following steps:
1) in the low-cycle fatigue stage, fatigue test is carried out to sample using strain controlling, is somebody's turn to do under each levels of strain
The corresponding low all cycle life N of plastic strain amplitudef' significant figure strong point, while acquiring corresponding low all plasticity under each levels of strain
Plastic strain amplitude Δ εp'/2, low all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe'/2, low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2；
2) with low all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε corresponding under each levels of strainp'/2 and low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2 are carried out
Power function fitting obtains low all plastic strain amplitude Δ εpFit correlation formula between '/2 and low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2:
Δεp'/2=A (Δ σ '/2)b
In formula, A is fitting coefficient, and b is fit indices；
3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, fatigue test is carried out to sample using Stress Control, is somebody's turn to do under each stress level
The corresponding high all cycle life N of stress amplitudef" significant figure strong point, and according to every grade of high circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ "/2 calculate
Corresponding high all plastic strain amplitude Δ εp"/2 and high all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2；
4) the low all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε for obtaining the low-cycle fatigue stagep'/2, low all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe’/2
With low all cycle life Nf' and high cycle fatigue stage obtained all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε of heightp"/2, high all elastic strain width
It is worth Δ εe"/2 and high all cycle life Nf" drawn in log-log coordinate, obtain initial full Strain life Curve；
5) power exponent fitting is carried out to the data point of log-log coordinate, respectively obtains elastic strain amplitude fitting formula and modeling
Property plastic strain amplitude fitting formula, be finally calculated the curve equation of overall strain amplitude and cycle life, the height after being as fitted
The full Strain life Curve of low-cycle fatigue.
Further, in the step 1), in the low-cycle fatigue stage, the cycle life < of sample 100,000 times；Using extending
Meter carries out strain controlling, and test frequency is 0.1Hz~1Hz.
Further, in the step 1), during carrying out fatigue test to sample using strain controlling, 5~7 are selected
Levels of strain, the gradient of adjacent levels of strain are 0.1 ‰~3 ‰；The corresponding low Zhou Xun of the plastic strain amplitude is obtained under each levels of strain
Ring service life Nf' valid data point quantity be 2~4.
Preferably, when the cycle life of sample is between 50,000 times to 100,000 times, the gradient of adjacent levels of strain is 0.1 ‰
~0.25 ‰.
Further, in the step 3), in the high cycle fatigue stage, cycle life >=100,000 time of sample；Using stress
Control carries out fatigue test to sample, and test frequency is 10Hz~25Hz, because in the frequency range, fatigue of materials performance
Frequency effect very little.
Further, in the step 3), during carrying out fatigue test to sample using Stress Control, 4~6 are selected
Levels of strain, the gradient of adjacent stress level are 10MPa~40MPa；The stress amplitude corresponding high week is obtained under each stress level
Cycle life Nf" valid data point quantity be 2~5.
Further, in the step 3), high week plastic strain amplitude Δ εp"/2 are calculated by following formula and are obtained:
Δεp"/2=A (Δ σ "/2)b
In formula, A is fitting coefficient, and b is fit indices, and Δ σ "/2 are high circumferential stress amplitude.
Further, in the step 3), high week elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2 are calculated by following formula and are obtained:
Δεe"/2=Δ σ "/2 × E
In formula, Δ σ "/2 are high circumferential stress amplitude；E is the static modulus of elasticity of material.
Further, in the step 5), elastic strain amplitude fitting formula is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εe/ 2 be elastic strain amplitude；NfFor cycle life；σf' it is fatigue strength coefficient；B refers to for fatigue strength
Number.
Still further, plastic strain amplitude fitting formula is indicated by following formula in the step 5):
In formula, Δ εp/ 2 be plastic strain amplitude；NfFor cycle life；εf' it is fatigue ductile coefficient；C refers to for fatigue ductility
Number.
Further, in the step 5), the curve equation of overall strain amplitude and cycle life is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εt/ 2 be overall strain amplitude；Δεe/ 2 be elastic strain amplitude；Δεp/ 2 be plastic strain amplitude；NfFor
Cycle life；σf' it is fatigue strength coefficient；B is fatigue strength exponent；εf' it is fatigue ductile coefficient；C is fatigue ductility index.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
First, present invention firstly provides the power function relationship formula between plastic strain amplitude and stress amplitude, so as to
High cycle fatigue stage to calculate Stress Control different corresponding plastic strain of stress rank, it is no longer necessary to extensometer list
Solely acquisition strain is greatly saved the test used time, improves test efficiency.
It is answered second, the present invention solves Stress Control high cycle fatigue stage overall strain amplitude, elastic strain amplitude and plasticity
Variable Amplitude computational problem, the corresponding overall strain amplitude of each stress are equal to elastic strain amplitude and add plastic strain amplitude, and elasticity is answered
Variable Amplitude is stress amplitude divided by static modulus of elasticity, and proposes the calculation formula of plastic strain amplitude, to solve stress
The problem of fatigue test of control is unable to get strain.
Third, the present invention is pioneering to propose the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue, the test
In the process include the long life fatigue of the short life fatigue and small strain that strain greatly, accurately selects the test that two stages are different
Control method, this method unite traditional high cycle fatigue with low-cycle fatigue, and unification is with full Strain life Curve come table
Sign overcomes the acquisition for the strain of low stress high cycle fatigue stage and the technology that can not be separated of elastic strain and plastic strain
Difficult point.
Fourth, the present invention proposes full Strain life Curve strain and cycle life NfCharacterization, rather than it is traditional with answering
Become and reversely counts 2N with cycle lifefCharacterize, traditional method be all with extensometer strain controlling circulation cycle 100,000 times with
Interior low-cycle fatigue, the cycle life some in full Strain life Curve is up to 600~7,000,000 times, if anti-with cycle life again
To several 2NfCome characterize by be more than its definition the fatigue limit service life, therefore method of the invention than traditional characterizing method be applicable in
Range is wider, accuracy is higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is cyclic strain hardening curve；
Fig. 2 is overall strain amplitude and cycle life NfMatched curve figure；
Fig. 3 is reversed several 2N of overall strain amplitude and cycle lifefMatched curve figure.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the case study on implementation performance that the present invention will be described in detail, but they are not constituted to limit of the invention
It is fixed, it is only for example.Simultaneously by illustrating that advantages of the present invention will become clearer and be readily appreciated that.
1) at the low-cycle fatigue stage, the cycle life < of sample 100,000 times, strain controlling is carried out to examination using extensometer
Sample carries out fatigue test, according to the examination of national standard GB/T15248-2008 " metal material axial direction constant amplitude low-cycle fatigue test method "
Sample requirement, processes the fatigue testing specimen with parallel portion, and the surface roughness of sample will meet the requirement of the national standard, and fatigue test is in liquid
It is completed on pressure fatigue tester, strain rank is respectively 1.6 ‰, 1.8 ‰, 2 ‰, 3 ‰, 5 ‰, 9 ‰, under each levels of strain
To the corresponding low all cycle life N of the plastic strain amplitudef' valid data point quantity be 3, test frequency 0.5Hz, circulation is answered
Off-test when power decline 20%~30%；
2) with low all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε corresponding under each levels of strainp'/2 and low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2 are carried out
Power function fitting obtains low all plastic strain amplitude Δ εpFit correlation formula between '/2 and low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2, such as
Shown in Fig. 1:
Δεp'/2=A (Δ σ '/2)b=3.236E-12 (Δ σ '/2)3.83
In formula, fitting coefficient A=3.236E-12；Fit indices b=3.83；
3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, cycle life >=100,000 time of sample carry out tired examination to sample using Stress Control
It tests, test frequency 20Hz, because in the frequency range, the frequency effect very little of fatigue of materials performance.The stress level of selection
It is respectively as follows: 130MPa, 140MPa, 150MPa and 160MPa, the corresponding high Zhou Xun of the stress amplitude is obtained under each stress level
Ring service life Nf" valid data point quantity be 2~5, and corresponding height is calculated according to every grade of high circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ "/2
All plastic strain amplitude Δ εp"/2 and high all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2；
High week plastic strain amplitude Δ εp"/2 are calculated by following formula and are obtained:
Δεp"/2=A (Δ σ "/2)b
In formula, A is fitting coefficient, and b is fit indices, and Δ σ "/2 are high circumferential stress amplitude.
High week elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2 are calculated by following formula and are obtained:
Δεe"/2=Δ σ "/2 × E
In formula, Δ σ "/2 are high circumferential stress amplitude；E is the static modulus of elasticity of material.
The test data that its Stress Control and strain controlling obtain is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
4) the low all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε for obtaining the low-cycle fatigue stagep'/2, low all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe’/2
With low all cycle life Nf' and high cycle fatigue stage obtained all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε of heightp"/2, high all elastic strain width
It is worth Δ εe"/2 and high all cycle life Nf" drawn in log-log coordinate, obtain initial full Strain life Curve；
5) power exponent fitting is carried out to the data point of log-log coordinate, respectively obtains elastic strain amplitude fitting formula and modeling
Property plastic strain amplitude fitting formula, be finally calculated the curve equation of overall strain amplitude and cycle life, the height after being as fitted
The full Strain life Curve of low-cycle fatigue.
Elastic strain amplitude fitting formula is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εe/ 2 be elastic strain amplitude；NfFor cycle life；σf' it is fatigue strength coefficient；B refers to for fatigue strength
Number.
Plastic strain amplitude fitting formula is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εp/ 2 be plastic strain amplitude；NfFor cycle life；εf' it is fatigue ductile coefficient；C refers to for fatigue ductility
Number.
The curve equation of overall strain amplitude and cycle life is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εt/ 2 be overall strain amplitude；Δεe/ 2 be elastic strain amplitude；Δεp/ 2 be plastic strain amplitude；NfFor
Cycle life；σf' it is fatigue strength coefficient；B is fatigue strength exponent；εf' it is fatigue ductile coefficient；C is fatigue ductility index.
Above-mentioned test result is used into overall strain amplitude and cycle life N respectivelyfCharacterize (as shown in Figure 2) and overall strain amplitude
With reversed several 2N of cycle lifefIt characterizes (as shown in Figure 3), as a result as follows:
Plastic strain amplitude and cycle life NfFitting formula are as follows:
Reversed several 2N of plastic strain amplitude and cycle lifefFitting formula are as follows:
It is assumed that being 0.002112 by formula (1) calculated overall strain, by public affairs when the cycle life of material is 50000 times
Formula (2) calculated overall strain is 0.002135, is as a result coincide substantially, this also further demonstrated that propositions of the invention strain and
Cycle life NfIt carries out characterizing full Strain life Curve being scientific and reasonable.
More than, only a specific embodiment of the invention, it is noted that anyone skilled in the art is in this hair
In bright revealed technical scope, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention,
It is remaining unspecified for the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue, which comprises the steps of:
1) in the low-cycle fatigue stage, fatigue test is carried out to sample using strain controlling, the strain is obtained under each levels of strain
The corresponding low all cycle life N of amplitudef' significant figure strong point, while acquiring corresponding low all plastic strains under each levels of strain
Amplitude Δ εp'/2, low all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe'/2, low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2；
2) with low all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε corresponding under each levels of strainp'/2 and low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2 carry out power letter
Number fitting obtains low all plastic strain amplitude Δ εpFit correlation formula between '/2 and low circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ '/2:
Δεp'/2=A (Δ σ '/2)b
In formula, A is fitting coefficient, and b is fit indices；
3) in the high cycle fatigue stage, fatigue test is carried out to sample using Stress Control, the stress is obtained under each stress level
The corresponding high all cycle life N of amplitudef" significant figure strong point, and according to every grade of high circumferential stress amplitude Δ σ "/2 calculate correspond to
The all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε of heightp"/2 and high all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2；
4) the low all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε for obtaining the low-cycle fatigue stagep'/2, low all elastic strain amplitude Δ εe'/2 with it is low
All cycle life Nf' and high cycle fatigue stage obtained all plastic strain amplitude Δ ε of heightp"/2, high all elastic strain amplitude Δs
εe"/2 and high all cycle life Nf" drawn in log-log coordinate, obtain initial full Strain life Curve；
5) power exponent fitting is carried out to the data point of log-log coordinate, respectively obtains elastic strain amplitude fitting formula and plasticity is answered
The curve equation of overall strain amplitude and cycle life is finally calculated in Variable Amplitude fitting formula, the height week after being as fitted
The full Strain life Curve of fatigue.
2. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 1), in the low-cycle fatigue stage, the cycle life < of sample 100,000 times；Strain controlling is carried out using extensometer,
Test frequency is 0.1Hz~1Hz.
3. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 2, feature exist
In: in the step 1), during carrying out fatigue test to sample using strain controlling, select 5~7 levels of strain, phase side-by-side
Become the gradient of grade as 0.1 ‰~3 ‰；The corresponding low all cycle life N of the plastic strain amplitude are obtained under each levels of strainf' have
Imitating number of data points is 2~4.
4. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 3), in the high cycle fatigue stage, cycle life >=100,000 time of sample；Sample is carried out using Stress Control
Fatigue test, test frequency are 10Hz~25Hz.
5. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 4, feature exist
In: in the step 3), during carrying out fatigue test to sample using Stress Control, select 4~6 levels of strain, phase side-by-side
The gradient of power grade is 10MPa~40MPa；The corresponding high all cycle life N of the stress amplitude are obtained under each stress levelf"
Valid data point quantity is 2~5.
6. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 3), high week plastic strain amplitude Δ εp"/2 are calculated by following formula and are obtained:
Δεp"/2=A (Δ σ "/2)b
In formula, A is fitting coefficient, and b is fit indices, and Δ σ "/2 are high circumferential stress amplitude.
7. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 3), high week elastic strain amplitude Δ εe"/2 are calculated by following formula and are obtained:
Δεe"/2=Δ σ "/2 × E
In formula, Δ σ "/2 are high circumferential stress amplitude；E is the static modulus of elasticity of material.
8. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 1, feature exist
In: in the step 5), elastic strain amplitude fitting formula is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εe/ 2 be elastic strain amplitude；NfFor cycle life；σf' it is fatigue strength coefficient；B is fatigue strength exponent.
9. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 8, feature exist
In: in the step 5), plastic strain amplitude fitting formula is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εp/ 2 be plastic strain amplitude；NfFor cycle life；εf' it is fatigue ductile coefficient；C is fatigue ductility index.
10. the full Strain life Curve test method of metal material high and low cycle fatigue according to claim 9, feature exist
In: in the step 5), the curve equation of overall strain amplitude and cycle life is indicated by following formula:
In formula, Δ εt/ 2 be overall strain amplitude；Δεe/ 2 be elastic strain amplitude；Δεp/ 2 be plastic strain amplitude；NfFor circulation
Service life；σf' it is fatigue strength coefficient；B is fatigue strength exponent；εf' it is fatigue ductile coefficient；C is fatigue ductility index.
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